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Web services have become a standard way to provide functions of information systems. The number of web services grows rapidly with the increasing popularity of microservices architecture. In consequence, many business processes are executed entirely through web services. Therefore, optimizing the performance of business process execution may bring many benefits. There are many optimization methods in this area. Our systematic literature review aims to introduce available methods to researchers interested in the optimization of business process execution. We queried four databases: ACM, IEEE Xplore, Science Direct, and Springer. Out of 12150 initially found papers, we have selected 128 for the review. We have grouped methods presented in those papers into three stages of business process optimization: Resource Allocation, Service Composition, and Service Scheduling. Service Composition attracts the largest group of researchers with a vast majority of 119 articles in it. Moreover, the most popular are genetic algorithms. In general, researchers mainly propose heuristic methods that optimize business processes during run-time. We see the potential for further exploration at both Resource Allocation and Service Scheduling stages.

The exchange of information among information technology (IT) systems is inevitable. Service fulfillment often involves sending and receiving messages. The article presents a set of messaging patterns for service-oriented architecture, microservices, and messaging protocols for the Internet of Things. The paper describes selected patterns that are the result of current research work. In addition, patterns introduced in open-source frameworks such as ZeroMQ have also been included. Moreover, the set includes Enterprise Integration Patterns. All considered messaging patterns have been described using the stereotype extensibility mechanism of the Unified Modeling Language (UML), and their complete set has been included in the new UML Profile for Messaging Patterns. The paper also shows the manner of integration flow modeling. In the illustrative examples, both the integration flow modeling diagram and the profile have been used to describe the communication in the context of the Integrated services view of the 1+5 architectural views model. The profile has been designed in the visual paradigm tool and revealed in a public repository for the community.

A smart contract is a pivotal notion in blockchain technology. Distributed applications contain smart contracts verifying the fulfillment of the conditions, which determine the execution of transactions between the blockchain network nodes. Those software-controlled logical conditions are called verification rules. As the number of conditions increases, the complexity of smart contract testing rapidly grows. This paper aims to propose a smart contract testing pattern that significantly limits the needed number of test cases. For evaluation expression with four verification rules, the pattern usage reduces the number of test cases by 68.75% in relation to the full coverage of logical value combinations. With the increase in the number of logical conditions, not only the number of test cases but also their percentage decreases. Starting from seven verification rules in the evaluation expression, the percentage reduction of test cases exceeds 90%. As a result, the cost of preparing and maintaining test case suites may be substantially cut. It should be emphasized that test execution time can be reduced even by 3 orders of magnitude (from seconds to milliseconds). Such an approach is highly important for regression testing, especially when used in continuous software integration, delivery, and deployment approaches.

A distributed ledger is a decentralized database spread across many participants. Various models describe software architecture and represent different architectural views. The paper concentrates on the deployment view. Model-Driven Development (MDD) is a software engineering approach that leverages models and transformations. The paper describes the UML2Deployment transformation of the distributed ledger’s deployment model into its deployment script. The deployment model, expressed in Unified Modeling Language (UML), is augmented with stereotypes and tagged values from UML Profile for Distributed Ledger Deployment. The target of the transformation is Gradle Groovy Domain Specific Language (DSL) deployment script for DLT network configuration. The transformation has been designed for R3 Corda framework. The authors propose the complete solution. The transformation has been incorporated into Visual Paradigm modeling tool.

Service fulfillment for clients increasingly involves cooperation between information technology (IT) systems. Designing such solutions requires an architectural approach that ensures symmetry between the communicating parties. For the design of such systems, the author introduces the 1+5 architectural views model. The model contains three new architectural views. For business process modeling, it ensures the integrated processes view. Integration aspects cover two additional views: integrated services, and contracts. Moreover, new stereotypes and tagged values have been added to the unified modeling language (UML). The author has introduced two profiles: UML profile for integration flows, and UML profile for distributed ledger deployment. Communication between systems requires flows that arrange mediation mechanisms. The paper describes an integration flow diagram that extends a UML activity diagram. In the case of blockchain, the author has proposed the smart contract design pattern. The paper describes three case studies that have employed the model to design various solutions. The 1+5 model has proven to be well suited for designing both centralized integration environments with enterprise service bus (ESB) and distributed blockchain solutions with peer-to-peer (P2P) connections.

The paper presents architectural views model 1+5 which has been proposed for designing integration solutions of collaborating software systems. The author has introduced modeling extensions of Unified Modeling Language (UML) in form of UML profiles. The author has proposed an Integration flow diagram which is special form of UML activity diagram. The diagram arranges mediation mechanisms from UML Profile for Integration Flows into an integration flow. The paper presents transformations of model-to-model and model-to-code types which automate design of integration platform. The 1+5 was successfully applied in Service-Oriented Architecture. The approach reveals its potential in Domain-Driven Design, Micro-services and blockchain solutions.

The paper presents the manner of smart contracts’ modeling in blockchain solution. The authors illustrate the modeling approach using the example of a renewable energy system. The paper proposes extension of Unified Modeling Language (UML) in form of UML Profile for Smart Contracts, appropriate for smart contract design. Moreover, the standard smart contract design and implementation method, in Corda environment, has been made more flexible. The authors present static aspect of newly designed Smart Contract Design Pattern.

The paper explores two aspects of using data which is shared in clouds. First of all, authors present steps of data preprocessing which allow the usage of nearly each data source available in public data sets. Authors give hints in which situations it is recommended using replication and synchronization mechanisms. Furthermore, authors discuss possible ways of publishing own API from middleware tier for client application, mainly REST API, GraphQL and OData. Static REST API gives more control of the way the data is being queried. On the other hand, if you have many different client applications making use of data the GraphQL gives much more flexibility for API usage. OData gives common way query, filter and structure response data but adheres to server domain model. Our findings can be useful by organizations while exposing new data sets for public usage. Moreover, the authors summarize the paper and outline directions for further work.

The paper describes management of project POIS.13.01.00-00-007/12 establishing the Center for Advanced Studies in Systems Engineering (CASE) at Military University of Technology (MUT) in Warsaw, Poland. The project was financed from the European Union program, Infrastructure and Environment Operational Programme 2007–2013, activity 13.1, Infrastructure of higher education. In order to complete the project it was necessary to deal with the following issues: short time of the project, innovation and complexity of implemented solutions, the need for the use of European Union procedures which are much more restrictive than university ones. The article presents a description of the scope of the project. The paper brings risks and project issues that arose during the project. On the other hand, the authors introduces best practices that have proven themselves as risk mitigation strategies or measures taken to solve project issues. Proper requirements specification is one of the most important practices. So, the paper describes the biggest tender intended to build a server room and launch the academic cloud for CASE. The authors recapitulates rules of the successful planning, preparation and conducting of the tender’s procedure. As a result of the tender and consecutive actions the Academic Cloud was implemented at the university. The paper presents three main elements of the Academic Cloud: project cloud, virtual desktops infrastructure and high performance computing solution. Moreover, the authors summarizes the paper and outlines directions for further work.

The paper presents details of the blockchain workshop which was conducted at Polish Naval Academy, Gdynia, Poland in a period of 4 months from February to May 2017. The workshop was incorporated into the Software Engineering subject as a part of regular classes. The paper explores business and technical aspects of blockchain main projects developed under Hyperledger initiative. In the following sections authors focus on: reference architecture, business architecture and technical architecture as well as algorithms used in Hyperledger Fabric, Hyperledger Iroha and Hyperledger SawtoohLake projects. The Hyperledger Fabric blockchain project was chosen for conducting classes. The workshop encompassed blockchain introduction and configuration of simple application in cloud environment. Furthermore, students configured on-premises environment for development of blockchain applications. The last task was the development of complete application combining IBM BlueMix, Watson Internet-of-Things Platform and Blockchain service which monitored position, simulated by Node-Red service, of warship ORP Kosciuszko.

Component-based software development is the successor of object-oriented software development. Authors of the paper extend existing Unified Modeling Language standard to describe containers semantically, automate the process of creating containers and later deploying them to the platform as a service. The paper presents the concept of using Unified Modeling Language (UML) as well as principles of Model Driven Architecture (MDA) to automate creating of and maintaining containers. The main aims are designing meta-model language that is capable of defining Docker containers as part of software architecture modeling process and using transformations to create Docker files that can be used to instantiate container. The paper presents UML profile UML Docker Services Profile and model-to-text transformation Model2DockerFile transformation. Both, the profile and the transformation were designed, implemented and incorporated in IBM Rational Software Development environment. The developed environment can be used to generate DockerFile files, from UML models with applied specific stereotypes from UML Docker Services Profile, that can be used in containers runtime.

The growing interest in business integration and interoperability of IT systems led to an increase in the importance of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA), which provides tools for Enterprise Application Integration (EAI). In this sense, Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) provides technical capabilities for communication between IT systems. The aim of this article is to present the results of performance tests of selected ESBs of Open Source type. The basis for our performance analysis was a business case of the order realization in the Internet shop of electronics retailer. The order realization requires a collaboration of three IT systems. The business case has been implemented with the use of each selected ESBs: WSO2, Mule, and Talend. Test scenarios were defined and performance tests were conducted for each of the three selected ESBs. On the basis of the collected results it can be concluded that each service bus has its own strengths and weaknesses. Focusing on the merits it should be noted that WSO2 copes very well with files of small size, for small number of users, and also does not burden the CPU significantly. Results for Talend ESB, show that it does well with both kind of files, small and large sizes, for large number of users, but harder utilizes CPU. Research shows that it is worth to analyze the parameters of transmitted messages while selecting ESB for building integration solution. The results show that the Talend ESB may be a good choice for construction of integration solution in a business environment with a large number of users and diversified communications. Keywords: Enterprise Service Bus, performance, integration, Service Oriented Architecture

© 2018 IEEE. The paper presents the concept of renewable energy management system. The idea behind the system is to exploit the potential of renewable energy generation sources so as to provide additional energy services and participation in a competitive energy market. These actions can significantly affect the shortening of the period of return on investment of individual customer in renewable energy sources. The paper contains a concept of Electricity Consumption and Supply Management System (ECSM) with application of blockchain technology. ECSM provides functionality to monitor and record continuously information about inbound and outbound energy to/from power grid. Except monitoring inbound and outbound energy, solution will provide the possibility to manage in automatic and manual way when energy should be sent to energy grid. Information about inbound/outbound energy will be part of smart contract which will be confirmed and stored in every node.

The paper explores aspect of exposing data for public usage from technical point of view. The main aim of this paper is to consider and propose the way of exposing read-only APIs, where state management is minor or no issue, but in the same case, domain complexity can reach high levels. In the paper, the authors propose complete approach to the process of API exposing, from use-case definition and description, to usage of proposed architectural design pattern for read-only API exposure. The paper encompasses the following aspects which were taken into account in proposed design pattern: API usability, developer experience, unit and integration testing, architecture constraints. Moreover, the authors summarize the paper and outline directions for further work.

Vessels detection, identification and tracking is a very important problem of various aspects. To identify ships and support navigation procedures, the Automatic Identification System (AIS) has been introduced in late 90s. Since then, AIS become one of the basic tools for maritime traffic monitoring. Used mostly for the exchange of information at a local scale, AIS generates a number of problems for satellite systems which are trying in the detection of signals from vessels. There are currently several SAT-AIS enabled satellites on the Earth’s orbit, including those designed and launched by private entities such as ORBCOMM, exactEARTH, LuxSPACE or state-owned institutions like the German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt—DLR) or the European Space Agency (Waraksa et al. 2014). AIS packets collisions generated by vessels which are behind the horizon, signal interferences and their limited operational range degrade AIS packets’ detection probability by on-orbit systems. For this article, we have performed an analysis of the AIS signal registered on the Baltic coast and the signal recorded on the Earth’s orbit by the AAUSAT3 satellite (Jessen et al. 2009). The main goal of this analysis is to propose a procedure which may be utilized on board a satellite for the identification and decoding of AIS messages. The successful decoding of AIS messages may significantly decrease the amount of data to be stored in the satellite memory and transmitted to the ground station for further analysis. This work has been performed in the context of the SAT-AIS-PL satellite project and its main payload.

The paper concentrates on best practices which have proven themselves in course of first months of developing enterprise architecture for capital group in energy sector. The paper encompasses the worst practices for using enterprise architecture (EA) that can cause problems. On the other hand, the author presents solutions which should be applied instead. Furthermore, the author presents both, the biggest challenges which organizations have to face, and the most important challenges which had to tackle with from the first day of acting as an enterprise architect. Moreover, the paper consists of examples of recommendations which have been provided to most important issues in organizations in the group. What is more, the paper presents areas which an enterprise architect should have in mind when proposing solutions or giving architectural recommendations. The author, presents directions of further actions to establish enterprise architecture in the group.

BACKGROUND Rivaroxaban (Xarelto) does not require routine coagulation monitoring; however, in certain clinical situations (overdose, drug accumulation, urgent surgery) measurement of its plasma concentration is highly recommended. Currently, there is no single hemostasis test that shows a direct correlation between rivaroxaban plasma levels and anticoagulant efficacy. OBJECTIVES This study was intended to assess the value of ROTEM in determining rivaroxaban administration. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirteen patients with venous thromboembolism and 13 healthy volunteers were compared with regard to certain ROTEM parameters and anti-FXa activity. The tests were done before the administration of 20 mg rivaroxaban (i.e. 24 h after previous administration) and 2.5 h afterwards. RESULTS The study group demonstrated residual activity of rivaroxaban in plasma (20 ± 11.3 ng/mL) 24 h following the previous administration, which did not cause marked changes in clotting assays compared to controls. In the group, 2.5 h after rivaroxaban administration, prolongation of PT (PTratio 1.51 ± 0.22), APTT (APPTratio: 1.30 ± 0.14) and ROTEM CT (CTratio - EXTEM: 2.45 ± 1.06, CTratio - INTEM 1.32 ± 0.21) were observed. The cut-off values for particular tests were created to determine if the patient had achieved desirable anticoagulant effect after rivaroxaban administration. The mean anti-FXa values were significantly lower in patients before rivaroxaban dosing than after. CONCLUSIONS PT demonstrated better diagnostic value than APTT in rivaroxaban administration. The ROTEM clotting time (CT) according to EXTEM may be used to determine the anticoagulation effect of rivaroxaban, but is not sensitive enough to measure the residual activity of this drug.

Boleslaw Leśmian is primarily known as a poet, a dramatist and a critic, while his translations are rarely the subject of academic research. The article offers an insight into Leśmian’s output as a translator and, indirectly, into his connections with literatures in foreign languages. As based on the available pieces included into his Collected Works and other relevant source materials, the paper outlines Leśmian’s views on the art of translation, indicates his existing translations (Poe’s stories and Arabian tales), thus suggesting the modes of their analysis, as well as his interest in texts and authors that he translated or wanted to translate. Since the outcomes of many of his endeavours are unknown, the paper indicates the directions and aims of further investigations. In its final part, translation research proposals and some of the possibilities of including these translations in the analysis of Leśmian’s works are presented.

The Russian Federation's claim to the 2,500,000 km2 area of the Arctic continental shelf is based mainly on the inclusion of the Lomonosov and Mendeleev Ridges as part of the Russian continental margin. The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea does not clearly define differences between oceanic ridges and natural components of the continental shelf. The main burden of interpretation rests with the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf. How the Commission deals with Arctic ridges will influence the scope of claims from all the other coastal states with adjacent ridges and natural components of the continental shelf.

The "sonic region" of the Sun corona remains extremely difficult to observe with spatial resolution and sensitivity sufficient to understand the fine scale phenomena that govern the quiescent solar corona, as well as phenomena that lead to coronal mass ejections (CMEs), which influence space weather. Improvement on this front requires eclipse-like conditions over long observation times. The space-borne coronagraphs flown so far provided a continuous coverage of the external parts of the corona but their over-occulting system did not permit to analyse the part of the white-light corona where the main coronal mass is concentrated. The proposed PROBA-3 Coronagraph System, also known as ASPIICS (Association of Spacecraft for Polarimetric and Imaging Investigation of the Corona of the Sun), with its novel design, will be the first space coronagraph to cover the range of radial distances between ~1.08 and 3 solar radii where the magnetic field plays a crucial role in the coronal dynamics, thus providing continuous observational conditions very close to those during a total solar eclipse. PROBA-3 is first a mission devoted to the in-orbit demonstration of precise formation flying techniques and technologies for future European missions, which will fly ASPIICS as primary payload. The instrument is distributed over two satellites flying in formation (approx. 150m apart) to form a giant coronagraph capable of producing a nearly perfect eclipse allowing observing the sun corona closer to the rim than ever before. The coronagraph instrument is developed by a large European consortium including about 20 partners from 7 countries under the auspices of the European Space Agency. This paper is reviewing the recent improvements and design updates of the ASPIICS instrument as it is stepping into the detailed design phase.

PROBA-3 is a mission devoted to the in-orbit demonstration of precise formation flying techniques and technologies for future ESA missions. PROBA-3 will fly ASPIICS (Association de Satellites pour l’Imagerie et l’Interferometrie de la Couronne Solaire) as primary payload, which makes use of the formation flying technique to form a giant coronagraph capable of producing a nearly perfect eclipse allowing to observe the sun corona closer to the rim than ever before. The coronagraph is distributed over two satellites flying in formation (approx. 150m apart). The so called Coronagraph Satellite carries the camera and the so called Occulter Satellite carries the sun occulter disc. This paper is reviewing the design and evolution of the ASPIICS instrument as at the beginning of Phase C/D.

In this paper we present the concept of multiple sensors data acquisition from onboard of an Unmanned Air Vehicule (UAV). Because of flight instabilities caused by atmosferic movements (winds, thermals etc..) it is necessary to apply active stabilization in order to obtain reliable readings from observation sensors. The most stabilization-demanding sensor is Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and in this paper two methods of stabilization are presented: hybrid (electromechanical) and electronic.

Surface wave over the horizon radar systems have a potential to detect targets, that are hidden under optical horizon. This possibility is, however, difficult to implement as a result of first and second order clutter scattered from the ocean surface in combination with interferences. In this paper we compare adaptive MTI and space-time adaptive processing algorithms applied to the surface wave high frequency radar system data. The aim of the experiments was to evaluate different techniques and their usefulness to detect targets at distances 50-200 km off shore. In the experiments authors used the data from an oceanographic, surface-wave, high frequency system WERA, designed to perform continuous monitoring of sea currents and waves. Data were collected at the west coast of France, in Brittany.

Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) is a well known technique used for dealing with clutter in order to detect moving targets. This technique was derived under assumption, that clutter has Gaussian characteristics. Unfortunately when dealing with sea clutter, Gaussian assumption is no longer valid [1]. This causes increased number of false alarms. In this paper we present improved detector to deal with non-Gaussian clutter. Detector was derived from Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test (GLRT), assuming Spherically Invariant Random Process (SIRP) as a model for the clutter. Resulting detector was named Two Dirac-Deltas (TDD) detector and it has additional parameter (Δ) in comparison to classical STAP. Based on simulations, it is shown that it is crucial to choose Δ parameter appropriately.

International audience; Space-time adaptive processing (STAP) can improve target detectability in a presence of a ground clutter for airborne radar. Ground clutter echo has a wide spectrum as a result of the radar platform (airplane or satellite) motion. To reject clutter echo and preserve target echo, STAP employs antenna array. Simultaneous filtering in both spatial (angle) and frequency domain can improve performance. In this paper we propose a new application of STAP. Assuming an antenna array standing on a sea shore, the objective is to detect targets on the sea surface. Unfortunately sea clutter has different statistical properties compared to airborne clutter. As a consequence, basic STAP algorithm is not optimal in any sense. Future research will face the problem of evaluating performance of STAP applied to sea clutter. We hope to develop a new algorithm that can perform better in the presence of sea clutter.

We analyze a process of splitting of the Bose–Einstein condensate and the mutual coherence of two separated atomic clouds. Within the classical fields approximation we show that coherence between clouds is degraded if atoms interact and if we account for the sufficiently long observation time. Finiteness of observation time corresponds to a coarse graining of a density matrix of atomic field. We also show, that upon recombination, the coherence across the sample is restored. The coherence is not fully degraded if the splitting potential remains sufficiently penetrable. We calculate the variance of atom number difference for this time-averaging measurement and show that for low temperatures it can be well below Poissonian limit like it was observed in the experiments.

Sensitive measurements of the density fluctuations in ultracold gases performed recently evidenced quantum statistical effects, i.e. an enhancement of the density fluctuations in Bose gas and a suppression of the fluctuations in Fermi gas. In this paper we study thermal equilibrium fluctuations in the atomic number difference between the two halves of a harmonically trapped Fermi gas split by a delta potential. We show how splitting the potential strength affects the fluctuations.

We study fluctuations in the atom number difference between halves of harmonically trapped Bose gas split by a delta potential. It is shown that the splitting potential affects fluctuations significantly. An analytical expression for the variance of atom number difference for the impenetrable potential barrier is given. Calculations are performed in the grand canonical ensemble.

The article attempts at analysing the notion of translator-centred untranslatability, i.e. untranslatability that has its source in the translator. The author starts his discussion with the statement that the process of translation is an act of subjective interpretation of the source text performed by the translator, and then he puts forward the thesis that the limits of the translator’s cognitive potency and his compl e ments cognitifs may lead to phenomena referred to as untranslatability.