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Data for the article: The Levels and Sources of Nitrous Acid (HONO) in Winter of Beijing and SanmenxiaThe Levels and Sources of Nitrous Acid (HONO) in Winter of Beijing and Sanmenxia.

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Temperate phages (active prophages induced from bacteria) help control pathogenicity, modulate community structure, and maintain gut homeostasis1. Complete phage genome sequences are indispensable for understanding phage biology. Traditional plaque techniques are inapplicable to temperate phages due to the lysogenicity of these phages, which curb the identification and characterization of temperate phages. Existing in silico tools for prophage prediction usually fail to detect accurate and complete temperate phage genomes2–5. In this study, by a novel computational method mining both the integrated active prophages and their spontaneously induced forms (temperate phages), we obtained 192,326 complete temperate phage genomes from bacterial next-generation sequencing (NGS) data, hence expanded the existing number of complete temperate phage genomes by more than 100-fold. The reliability of our method was validated by wet-lab experiments. The experiments demonstrated that our method can accurately determine the complete genome sequences of the temperate phages, with exact flanking sites (attP and attB sites), outperforming other state-of-the-art prophage prediction methods. Our analysis indicates that temperate phages are likely to function in the evolution of microbes by 1) cross-infecting different bacterial host species; 2) transferring antibiotic resistance and virulence genes; and 3) interacting with hosts through restriction-modification and CRISPR/anti-CRISPR systems. This work provides a comprehensive complete temperate phage genome database and relevant information, which can serve as a valuable resource for phage research.

Transition-metal dichalcogenide monolayers recently have attracted much attention motivated by their exotic physical properties. In this paper, we theoretically investigate the optical absorption in the monolayer MoS2 which is subjected to a uniform static magnetic field and an electromagnetic wave. The magneto-optical absorption power (MOAP) is calculated using the projection operator technique in the linear response scheme, taking account of the electron–optical phonon interaction at high temperature. Both phonon emission and phonon absorption processes are included. The cyclotron–phonon resonance (CPR) is observed in the photon energy dependence of the MOAP. Numerical analyses show that the photon energy satisfying CPR condition depends linearly on the strength of magnetic field, which is similar to that in conventional low-dimensional semiconductors but different from that in graphene. The increase of the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of CPR peaks with increasing magnetic field shows a similar behaviour to that in graphene. In addition, FWHM increases slightly with temperature, which is different from that in graphene where the FWHM is temperature independent. Our investigation provides basic information about the magneto-optical properties of the monolayer MoS2 that are useful for further experiments and applications.

An analysis of the strain-induced group velocity(GV) and effective mass(EM) of massless topological Dirac fermions on the SnTe(001) surface, protected by crystalline symmetry, is presented. Using the traditional semi-classical k → ⋅ p → approach by associating fermions with wave-packets, we find that the expression for the energy dispersion surface as well as both GV and EM are anisotropic in the absence and presence of strain. The band structure calculations indicate that the massive Dirac fermions emerge for strained SnTe(001) surface. However, under strong strains, GVs and EMs of all branches of conduction and valence bands are the same quantitatively, but still anisotropic along different directions. On the other hand, depending on the special critical compressive and/or tensile strains, the direction of the fermionic waves is reversed. Further, the behavior of heavy and light masses are characterized qualitatively with strain modulus and direction. Our results are favorable for the thermoelectric properties of SnTe semiconductor since electronic features are coupled to the heat transports.

In the present paper, the strain and the electric field effects on the Pauli spin paramagnetic susceptibility (PSPS) of topological crystalline insulator SnTe (0 0 1) thin films are studied, employing k → · p → theory, the Green’s function approach, and the Boltzmann method. The intrinsic hybridization between the front and back surfaces induces a gap and shifts the crossover in PSPS. We demonstrate that the crossover intensity decreases with strain and electric field at a certain hybridization potential, while its position does not change (fluctuates) with the strain (electric field). Our results may provide useful information to design real magnetic devices.

We provide physical insights into the performance of ferromagnetic proximity effects in both electronic [electronic density of states (DOS)] and thermodynamic features [electronic heat capacity (EHC) and the Pauli spin paramagnetic susceptibility (PSPS)] of topological crystalline insulator SnTe (001) and related thin films. We implement the low-energy Hamiltonian, the Green’s function method and the Boltzmann approach. First, we find a gapless phase for SnTe (001) and a gapped one [due to the hybridization between the front and back surfaces] for SnTe (001) thin film. Second, we observe that EHC (PSPS) of gapless SnTe (001) is smaller (greater) than the gapped SnTe (001) thin film. Third, our results show that an exchange field-dependent gap opens in gapless SnTe (001), leading to the increase (decrease) of EHC (PSPS). Fourth, we explain that for exchange fields smaller/greater than the hybridization potential, the inherent gap decreases in SnTe (001) thin film, while it closes if the exchange field becomes equal to the hybridization potential, resulting in the increase (decrease) of EHC (PSPS).

We show that compounds in a family that possess time-reversal symmetry and share a non-centrosymmetric cubic structure with the space group F-43m (No. 216) host robust ideal Weyl semi-metal fermions with desirable topologically protected features. The candidates in this family are compounds with different chemical formulas AB2, ABC, ABC2, and ABCD and their Fermi levels are predominantly populated by nontrivial Weyl fermions. Symmetry of the system requires that the Weyl nodes with opposite chirality are well separated in momentum space. Adjacent Weyl points have the same chirality, thus these Weyl nodes would not annihilate each other with respect to lattice perturbations. As Fermi arcs and surface states connect Weyl nodes with opposite chirality, the large separation of the latter in momentum space guarantees the appearance of very long arcs and surface states. This work demonstrates the use of system symmetry by first-principles calculations as a powerful recipe for discovering new Weyl semi-metals with attractive features whose protected fermions may be candidates of many applications., Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures

Using evolutionary algorithm and first-principles calculations, we predict a family group of two-dimensional node-line semimetals MX (M=Pd, Pt; X=S, Se, Te), which has zig-zag type mono-layer structure in Pmm2 layer group. Band structure analysis reveals that node-line features are caused by band inversion and the inversion exists even in the absence of spin-orbital-coupling. Tests are carried out to confirm that the node-line loop is protected by crystal symmetry. This work extends our knowledge of node-line materials to two-dimensional cases, i.e., a group of metal-group VI compounds sharing the same lattice structure which has time reversion and crystal-mirror inversion symmetries.

Despite a low global prevalence, infections with Sarcoptes scabiei, or scabies, are still common in remote communities such as in northern Australia and the Solomon Islands. Mass drug administration (MDA) has been utilised in these communities, and although prevalence drops substantially initially, these reductions have not been sustained. We develop a compartmental model of scabies infection dynamics and incorporate both ovicidal and non-ovicidal treatment regimes. By including the dynamics of mass drug administration, we are able to reproduce the phenomena of an initial reduction in prevalence, followed by the recrudescence of infection levels in the population. We show that even under a `perfect' two-round MDA, eradication of scabies under a non-ovicidal treatment scheme is almost impossible. We then go on to consider how the probability of elimination varies with the number of treatment rounds delivered in an MDA. We find that even with infeasibly large numbers of treatment rounds, elimination remains challenging., Comment: 22 pages, 10 figures

Rapeseed protein hydrolysates (RPH) were obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of rapeseed protein using Alcalase 2.4 L FG. The degree of hydrolysis (DH) of RPH was about 25% using pH-stat method. The antioxidant activities of RPH were investigated by employing several in vitro assay, including the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)/superoxide/hydroxyl radical scavenging assays, and reducing power assay. RPH showed scavenging activity against free radicals such as DPPH, superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals. The radical scavenging effect was in a dose-dependent manner, and the EC50 values for DPPH, superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals were found to be 0.71, 1.05, and 4.92 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, the RPH also exhibited notable reducing power, which was 0.51 at 2.00 mg/mL. The data obtained by in vitro systems obviously established the antioxidant potency of RPH. Combined with the results of the amino acid profiles, RPH were believed to have high nutritive value in addition to antioxidant activities.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nucleostemin (NS) knocking down in SGC- 7901 gastric cancer cell line and investigates its correlation with the metastasis and TNM stage ingastric cancer (GC) patients. Methods: NS expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry in 421 patients with GC. The correlation between NS expression, clinicopathological features and prognosis was analyzed. NS gene silencing was performed using a specific small interfering RNA (NS-siRNA). The gene expression level of NS was evaluated by PCR. The viability and growth rate of SGC-7901 cells were determined by trypan blue exclusion test. Cell cycle distribution of the cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: High NS expression was correlated with node metastasis, distant metastasis and TNM stage. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that patients with low NS expression had significantly longer survival than those with high NS expression. Moreover, our results showed that NS knocking down inhibited proliferation and viability of SGC-7901 cells in a time-dependent manner. Cell cycle studies revealed that NS depletion resulted in G1 cell cycle arrest at short times of transfection (24 h) followed with apoptosis at longer times (48 and 72 h), suggest that post-G1 arrest apoptosis is occurred in SGC-7901 cells. Conclusion: Overall, these results point to essential role of NS in SGC-7901 cells, thus, this gene might be considered as a promising target for treatment of GC.

Objectives: To compare the morbidity patterns in public and private primary care clinics; determine patients’ reasons forencounter (RFE) and diagnoses using the ICPC-2, and compare ten commonest diagnoses and RFEs.Methods: A cross-sectional study on randomly selected clinics was conducted nationwide. Doctors completed the PatientEncounter Record (PER) for systematically selected encounters for a week.Results: Response rate was 82.0% (public clinic) and 33% (private clinic) with 4262 encounters and 7280 RFE. Overall, thethree commonest disease categories encountered were respiratory (37.2%), general and unspecified (29.5%), and cardiovasculardiseases (22.2%). Public and private clinics handled 27% versus 50% acute cases and 20.0% versus 3.1% chronic cases i.e.33.7 and 5.6 chronic diseases per 100 RFE respectively.Conclusion: Doctors in public clinics saw more chronic and complex diseases as well as pregnancy related complaints andfollow-up cases while in private clinics more acute and minor illnesses were seen. Health services should be integrated andsupport given to co-manage chronic diseases in both sectors.

gastresophageal reflux disease (GERD) and esophageal dysmotility are common in patients with esophageal atresia. The aim of this study was to evaluate GERD and esophageal motility patterns in children with EA using combined pH-impedance (pH-MII) monitoring and high resolution esophageal manometry (HREM) respectively. As a secondary aim the reflux patterns and distal baseline impedance (DBI) demonstrated in MII-pH in EA patients were compared with those of normal children with suspected GERD METHODS:: A retrospective chart review was done on 35 patients with EA and 35 age and sex matched normal controls with suspected GERD. All patients underwent a 24 hour pH-MII monitoring. If patients were on proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy, it was continued during the study. 8 of the EA patients also underwent HREM. Impedance data were compared between both cohorts. Endoscopy, clinical symptoms and patient demographics data was also collected.In the EA cohort, the median age was 53 months, with 21 males and the majority (71.4%) had Type C EA. 85.7% of the EA cohort and 40% of the control group were on PPI therapy during the pH-MII study. pH-MII testing showed a total of 1457 retrograde bolus movement (RBM), of which only 14.3% was acidic in the EA cohort. In the control group there were 1482 RBMs of which 46.3% was acidic. There was no significant difference in the total RBMs between the two groups. Acidic RBMs was significantly lower in the EA group (208) compared to the control group (689), p = 0.0008, and non-acid reflux index (NA RI) was significantly higher inEA children 1.1(0.0-7.8) compared to controls 0.6(0.0-5.7),p = 0.0046. There was no significant difference in total RBM, acid reflux index (ARI), and number of proximal reflux episodes between EA patients with and without fundoplication, long gap, esophagitis on biopsy and those on or off PPI. In EA patients out of total 1183 total symptom occurrences only 335 (28%) were associated with RBM. The mean DBI was significantly lower in EA 1029.6 (410.9SD) Ω compared to controls 2998.2 (1028.8SD) Ω with suspected GERD, p < 0.0001. By logistic regression only PPI use had a significant effect on DBI, p < 0.0001. None of the GER (ARI, NARI, or RBM) or bolus transit (mean acid clearance time (MACT), and bolus clearance time (BCT)) parameters or age had a significant effect on DBI. HREM was abnormal in all EA patients and demonstrated either aperistalsis, pressurization, weak peristalsis with small or large breaks or only distal peristalsis in those studied. 4 out of 8 EA patients had different peristaltic patterns for their solid swallows compared to their liquid swallows in HREM.pH-MII testing allowed increased detection of non-acid reflux events in EA patients which would have been missed with standard pH monitoring alone. NARI was the only reflux parameter which was significantly higher in the EA cohort compared to the control group with suspected GERD, but the clinical significance of NAR in EA patients remains to be determined. Majority (72%) of gastrointestinal symptoms in EA patients were not temporally related to RBM in pH-MII testing. DBI was significantly lower in EA patients compared to controls, however its clinical relevance remains to be determined. Esophageal motility as determined by HREM was abnormal in all EA patients.

Inequality, inflation, and unemployment have become increasingly explosive problems in today's China. In conjunction with an analysis of the spatial pattern of inflation, this paper examines the current trend of China's spatial disparities, in terms of economic output, real consumption, and real income, within inter-provincial, inter-regional and urban-rural framework. This paper also investigates the combined effect of the current high rate of inflation and spatial disparity on China's investment and business environment in the 1990s. Findings of this paper suggest that inter-regional inequalities in economic development and income distribution, especially since 1990, have been accelerated/exacerbated by high inflation, which appears to hit the poorer areas disproportionally. Given the reinforcement of disparity and inflation and the current upsurges of rampant localism, the investment and business environment of China in the 1990s, in terms of political and social unrest and economic profitability, will...

This article evaluates a new and rapid group B streptococcus antigen detection method called ICON Strep B (Hybritech, Inc, San Diego), an enzyme immunoassay that uses immunoconcentration techniques. Results were compared with those of a latex particle agglutination (LPA) test and culture. ICON sensitivity for cervical and gastric aspirate samples was 92.3% and 100%, respectively, compared with culture. Specificity was 99.2% and 98.9%. Sensitivity and specificity for urine were 100% and 99.3%, respectively, compared with LPA. Accuracy of the ICON test, based on 88J specimens, was 99.2%. There was excellent agreement with both LPA and culture.

The ``S-shape'' (decrease-increase-decrease) temperature dependence of luminescence peak shift from semiconductors is considered. A luminescence model for localized state ensemble was employed to interpret this anomalous temperature dependence of emission peak. Excellent agreement between the theoretical calculation and the experiments was achieved over the whole studied temperature region. The physical origin of the ``S-shaped'' shift is revealed., Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures and 1 table

A distribution function for localized carriers, $f(E,T)=\frac{1}{e^{(E-E_a)/k_BT}+\tau_{tr}/\tau_r}$, is proposed by solving a rate equation, in which, electrical carriers' generation, thermal escape, recapture and radiative recombination are taken into account. Based on this distribution function, a model is developed for luminescence from localized state ensemble with a Gaussian-type density of states. The model reproduces quantitatively all the anomalous temperature behaviors of localized state luminescence. It reduces to the well-known band-tail and luminescence quenching models under certain approximations., Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures

This paper described the theoretical basis of extreme value orientation in detail, which is used to examine the dimension of hole and axle with double point one coordinate measure instrument, and it's quality and feature and calculation method of survey error on dimension, which is caused by turn back point error. The paper also provide a practical chart, which is used to revise at the same time also introduced the study method which is designed by author.

At present, the way to test plane level of terrace are all indirect survey methods at first, author choose some survey sections and get dates from these sections according to stipulation with survey method and then proceeding the dates, through which can strive the plane level error. The plane level dates calculated with these dates can't make an overall plane level assessment to the terrace, especially to the partial position so, it can't be described in detail on all terrace because of not been survived usually. Author all the error and plane level in the partial range the partial plane level, its assessment is very important to control the microcosmic quality. The paper also discuss the theory issue on speckle method and plane fluctuate capacity method with exist for a long term.

The substitution reactions of penafluorobenzenesulfenyl chloride, C6F5SCl, at carbon (aromatic compounds and active methylene groups), nitrogen, and oxygen have been studied. Physical properties of the new compounds isolated are reported together with some spectroscopic data.

The efficacy of a new rapid (30-minute) latex agglutination test for group B streptococci (GBS) was compared with culture results using cervical, placental, and gastric aspirate specimens from 220 highrisk pregnant women and their infants. The overall colonization rate was 19.1%. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for any colonization in all specimens combined were 88.0%, 96.6%, 86.0%, and 97.2%, respectively, and were 97.4%, 96.4%, 86.0%, and 99.4%, respectively, for heavy colonization. This latex test is easy to perform and provides a rapid, cost-effective, and reliable method for detection of heavy GBS colonization in high-risk patients.

Age differences have previously been found in the magnitude of the visual Horizontal-vertical illusion with an L figure. The present study examined the haptic judgments of an L figure among subjects across the ages of 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, and 20 years. Significant differences in amount of haptic illusion were found. The developmental function was curvilinear, decreasing from the 6-year-olds to 7-year-olds, and then increasing from 7-year-olds to a peak among 11-year-olds, followed by a decline to adulthood. Variation in the size of the illusion was also found to be related to the rate at which subjects of a particular age group typically move the limb in scanning the figure. The similarity of the haptic function to that obtained previously for the visual L figure was discussed in relation to Piaget's Centration theory.

© 2019 Author(s). The Atmospheric Pollution and Human Health in a Chinese Megacity (APHH-Beijing) programme is an international collaborative project focusing on understanding the sources, processes and health effects of air pollution in the Beijing megacity. APHH-Beijing brings together leading China and UK research groups, state-of-the-art infrastructure and air quality models to work on four research themes: (1) sources and emissions of air pollutants; (2) atmospheric processes affecting urban air pollution; (3) air pollution exposure and health impacts; and (4) interventions and solutions. Themes 1 and 2 are closely integrated and support Theme 3, while Themes 1-3 provide scientific data for Theme 4 to develop cost-effective air pollution mitigation solutions. This paper provides an introduction to (i) the rationale of the APHH-Beijing programme and (ii) the measurement and modelling activities performed as part of it. In addition, this paper introduces the meteorology and air quality conditions during two joint intensive field campaigns-a core integration activity in APHH-Beijing. The coordinated campaigns provided observations of the atmospheric chemistry and physics at two sites: (i) the Institute of Atmospheric Physics in central Beijing and (ii) Pinggu in rural Beijing during 10 November-10 December 2016 (winter) and 21 May-22 June 2017 (summer). The campaigns were complemented by numerical modelling and automatic air quality and low-cost sensor observations in the Beijing megacity. In summary, the paper provides background information on the APHH-Beijing programme and sets the scene for more focused papers addressing specific aspects, processes and effects of air pollution in Beijing.