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The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the psychoeducation program -which intended to increase internal locus of control- on the life satisfaction of college students. The research was conducted with 28 volunteering undergraduate students studying at various departments of a public university. Applying an experimental design, the data were obtained by pre-test, post-test and follow up test, and two groups were formed as experimental and placebo groups. The participants were randomly assigned into two groups as the experiment group and the placebo group, and each group consisted of 14 students. The participants’ life satisfaction levels were measured by using the Life Satisfaction Scale developed by Diener, Emmons, Larsen and Griffin (1985), and adapted into Turkish by Dağlı and Baysal (2016). Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon procedures were used to analyze the data. The results of the study show that the group psychoeducation program -which intended to increase internal locus of control- has a positive effect on the life satisfaction of the participants and this effect is sustained at the end of the three-month follow up period.

When investigating metacommunity dynamics, functional differences among species are often assumed to be as important as environmental differences between sites in determining beta-diversity. However, few studies have examined the influence of functional diversity on beta-diversity. We examine the relative importance of regional functional diversity partitioned by niche dimensions and environmental variation in structuring taxonomic beta-diversity of stream fishes using a large dataset of stream fish assemblages (hereafter, simply beta-diversity). We predicted that both functional diversity and environmental variation play a role in determining beta-diversity. We tested this prediction by modelling the patterns of stream fish beta-diversity as a function of environmental variation, functional diversity and gamma-richness across 10,220 sites for 329 fish species using a series of conceptual path models. Environmental variation consistently affected beta-diversity across all models, whereas functional diversity and gamma-richness influenced beta-diversity only in some models. We show that including relevant trait differences among species in path models can improve their ability to explain beta-diversity, suggesting that functional traits influence beta-diversity. The ability of path models to explain beta-diversity varied depending on the trait grouping included in the model, demonstrating that specific path models representing different niche dimensions can improve the ability of a model to explain beta-diversity. In addition, parsing traits into different niche dimensions revealed alternative patterns of functional diversity-beta-diversity relationships that otherwise would have been missed. The selection of relevant traits and linked niche dimensions is critical for detecting relationships between functional diversity and beta-diversity. Using traits associated with different niche dimensions allows for the identification of niche dimensions most strongly associated with species sorting and the detection of patterns missed by focusing on a single niche dimension. Determining the niche dimensions that influence beta-diversity could provide insights into the processes driving biodiversity and metacommunity dynamics, improving our ability to conserve or restore aquatic communities. USDA/NIFA [SC-1700599]; National Science Foundation [DEB-2017795] Published version First and foremost, we thank the numerous agency and university employees who contributed to the dataset. We thank T. Wagner and S. Midway for facilitating access to the fish dataset, and E. Frimpong for access to the FishTraits dataset. This work was supported in part by the USDA/NIFA, under project no. SC-1700599, and represents technical contribution no. 6994 of the Clemson Experiment Station. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under project DEB-2017795. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

Unlike nonhuman primates, individual differences between humans in dominance do not appear as broad personality factors. This may be attributable to differences between the questionnaires used to study human and nonhuman primate personality. Alternatively, this may reflect differences in the organization of personality in humans and nonhuman primates. To determine which of these possibilities was most likely, 1,147 participants were recruited and asked to rate their personality and/or that of somebody else on the Hominoid Personality Questionnaire (HPQ), which has been used to study nonhuman primate personality. A large subset of these participants (~80%) also completed self- and/or rater reports of one of three questionnaires used to measure human personality. Exploratory factor analyses of HPQ rater report data yielded five factors. These factors correlated mostly in expected ways with scales from questionnaires used to study human personality. Exploratory factor analyses of HPQ self-report data yielded no clear number of factors and no consistent evidence with respect to the presence of a dominance factor. Subsequent analyses compared HPQ scales that represented dominance factors in chimpanzees, bonobos, mountain gorillas, and orangutans to scales derived from the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, including Fearless Dominance, which combined Neuroticism, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Extraversion facets, Emotional Stability (the inverse of Neuroticism), and Extraversion's Assertiveness facet. Fearless Dominance and Assertiveness were most like the great ape dominance factors. The absence of human dominance factors, therefore, appears to reflect present or past social conditions of our species. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

BACKGROUND: Patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) typically present emotion dysregulation (ED) when faced with adversity. However, it is argued that altered stress response may be more influenced by ED than BPD-specific traits. Here, we investigated this issue with functional magnetic resonance imaging using another ED condition as clinical control, i.e., bipolar disorder (BD), and controlling for ED traits.METHODS: We recruited 17 patients with BD, 24 patients with BPD, and 32 healthy control (HC) subjects. We adapted a functional magnetic resonance imaging-compatible psychosocial stressor task (Montreal Imaging Stress Task) in which participants are placed under time pressure when performing mental calculations and then receive immediate performance feedback (positive, negative, and neutral). ED traits were measured via self-report questionnaires targeting cognitive emotion dysregulation, affective lability, and trait anger and anxiety.RESULTS: Relative to patients with BD and HC subjects, patients with BPD exhibited overactive corticolimbic reactivity across all conditions, particularly in self-monitoring and emotion regulation regions such as the orbitofrontal cortex and anterior insula, even when controlling for ED. Conversely, patients with BD exhibited hypoactive corticolimbic reactivity to all feedback conditions compared with patients with BPD and HC subjects, even after controlling for ED. HC subjects exhibited significantly lower amygdala/hippocampus activity compared with both clinical groups, although this did not survive when controlling for ED.CONCLUSIONS: This study provides new insight into BPD-specific neural stress responding, suggesting hyperactive self-and emotion-regulatory neural psychosocial stress responding, independent of ED traits. The findings also highlight the importance of considering BPD as a diagnostic profile distinguishable from other ED disorder clinical groups.

Aims Fine roots, that comprise the adjustable part of the root system, are important in spatially heterogeneous boreal forest soils. We investigated the soil exploring patterns of Norway spruce (Picea abies) seedlings of equal height belonging to families representing two contrasting growth phenotypes that have shown fast and slow growth rates in long-term experiments. We hypothesised that seedlings of the fast-growing phenotype would show a more explorative root growth strategy, intense branching, and root proliferation in response to the nutrient patch, and that slow-growing phenotypes would be more tolerant to drought stress. Methods Seedlings were grown in flat Perspex microcosms with a clod of humus placed in the mid-bottom part of each microcosm for eight months. The order-based and functional classification, branching topology, and size of seedling root systems were studied with WinRHIZO™ image-analysis software and root exploration patterns with LIGNUM-model simulations. In addition, transpiration, stomatal conductance, net assimilation rate responses were measured. Results No differences were found in the early foraging of roots for the humus clod nor net assimilation rate and transpiration between the phenotype groups. Seedlings were favouring exploitation over exploration in the early phases of development regardless of growth phenotype group. However, in fast-growing phenotypes, the main roots were longer, and the lateral root pool favoured long and bifurcated laterals that formed larger absorptive root area. Conclusions Our results indicate that in nutrient-poor conditions, better growth of lateral roots precedes future differences in the aboveground growth rate of Norway spruce.

The current study examined the continuity of personality disorder (PD) diagnoses from Section II to Section III (alternative model for personality disorders [AMPD]) when using structured interviews. We investigated the continuity both in terms of stability of prevalence rates and in terms of convergent validity. A clinical sample of 189 participants were concurrently administered both Section II PD and AMPD interviews for diagnosing PD by 2 independent interviewers. Stability of prevalence between the models for specific PD diagnoses was generally supported. A higher prevalence of trait-specified PD in the AMPD model resulted in higher prevalence of PD in general when using the AMPD model compared with the Section II PD model. Correlations between matching criterion counts according to both models were generally high. Convergence between the Section II PD and AMPD model categorical diagnoses was adequate for the most frequently diagnosed and studied PDs (i.e., avoidant-, borderline-, and antisocial PD), but lower than previously found, likely due to the stringent test-retest design used in this study. Convergence between the models for narcissistic and obsessive-compulsive PD was low and could not be estimated for schizotypal PD. Future studies should investigate which of both models may prove to be most valid in terms of predicting current and future impairments. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

The impacts of curing plus antioxidant or prooxidant inclusion in model meat systems on malondialdehyde (MDA) levels detected by three different assays as spectrophotometry (M-1), test kit (M-2), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC, M-3) were explored. Four different treatments that included non-cured, cured, cured plus zeaxanthin-added, and cured plus ferric iron-added meat systems were produced. MDA levels during storage recorded by M-1 were higher than both M-2 (up to 29-fold) and M-3 (up to 53-fold). The effects of curing were visibly detected by all assays, whereas the impacts of antioxidant or prooxidant addition were more obvious when determined by M-2 and M-3. Despite the variations within numerical values, both M-1 and M-2 presented strong correlations with M-3. Overall, it was concluded that spectrophotometric assays could be reliable on condition that acceptable coefficients are utilized to avoid overestimation. Besides, the simultaneous improvement and simplification of chromatographic techniques as well as rapid test kits would pave the way for their widespread use., Ege University Scientific Research Projects Coordination [FGA-2020-21936], This study was financially supported by Ege University Scientific Research Projects Coordination with the project number FGA-2020-21936.

Introduction This study investigated whether the Big Five personality dimensions were associated with mental health trajectories and/or intervention effects of a digital divorce intervention from juridical divorce to 12 months following juridical divorce. The study utilized a randomized controlled trial study design (N = 676) and measured mental health outcomes (anxiety, depression, somatization, and stress) at study inclusion (i.e., at juridical divorce) and 3-, 6-, and 12 months after juridical divorce. Big Five personality dimensions were measured 1 month post study inclusion. Results The study found that neuroticism is the personality dimension most predictive of post-divorce mental health outcomes. Specifically, divorcees with higher neuroticism scores indicated worse mental health immediately following divorce, but their symptom levels decreased more rapidly over a 12 months period after juridical divorce compared with lower neuroticism divorcees. It is also notable that their mean scores for the mental health outcomes remained higher at all time points (3, 6, and 12 months post baseline), relative to those lower in neuroticism. Conclusion Findings are discussed in light of divorce-adjustment-theory and the stress-buffering model.

In addition to somatic cell count records and clinical mastitis diagnoses, results of bacteriological milk analyses provide valuable information regarding udder health. The pathogen causing an udder infection is currently not considered in Austria as part of the information used for estimation of routine breeding values for mastitis resistance. Therefore the objective of this study was to estimate heritabilities for, and genetic correlations between, udder traits of bacterial infection (bacterial infection, gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial infection) and routinely recorded udder health traits [acute mastitis, chronic mastitis, culling due to udder health problems, and somatic cell score (SCS)] in Austrian Fleckvieh cows. The basis for the genetic analyses was a data set with results from bacteriological milk analyses collected from 237 dairy farms and 6,822 cows over a period of 1 yr. Traits were defined as binary, apart from SCS, for which measures were available continuously. Multivariate analyses using a linear animal model were applied for estimating genetic parameters. The heritabilities for the occurrence of bacterial udder infection traits were 0.01. Heritabilities were 0.04 for acute mastitis, 0.02 for chronic mastitis, 0.02 for culling due to udder health problems, and 0.20 for SCS. Genetic correlations between bacteriological infection and the routinely recorded udder health traits were positive and ranged from 0.62 to 0.96. The genetic correlation between gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial infection was -0.20. The genetic correlation between acute and chronic mastitis was also close to zero. These results show that mastitis caused by different pathogens may be seen as different traits. As analyses were based on a relatively small data set and results were associated with rather high standard errors, further research with a larger data set should be carried out to confirm these results.

The relationships between avian brood parasites and their hosts are widely recognised as model systems for studying coevolution. Through the examination of tractable interactions between one species of brood parasite and one species of host, important insights have been gained on the processes that shape and regulate the world’s biodiversity. While research has favoured the examination of simpler pairwise interactions, the examination of multispecies interactions remains rare despite most brood parasites being known to parasitise multiple species of host and hosts often subject to parasitism by multiple brood parasite species. With little attention paid to these more complex interactions, important opportunities to understand multispecies interactions go unrealised. In this thesis, I begin by establishing the extent of the opportunities offered by avian brood parasitism as a system for studying multispecies interactions. By compiling data on all known brood parasite–host relationships, I demonstrate that complex interactions are the global norm but most research has focused on pairwise interactions, especially in regions with low brood parasite–host network complexity. I argue that despite brood parasitism’s rich research pedigree, the study of multispecies interactions represents an almost entirely new frontier for the examination of the ecology and evolution of multispecies interactions. Through the following two chapters, I demonstrate how brood parasitism can address questions on multispecies interactions which have important implications for our understanding of the natural world. To understand why some species are targeted by brood parasites while others are not, I assemble a dataset on phenotype and life-history information for all species belonging to the passerine superradiation to examine the behavioural and ecological characteristics associated with host status. I find that brood parasites target species that, in addition to being biologically compatible, are the most conspicuous members of the community and discuss how evolutionary pressures may have facilitated convergence on the same host species by sympatric brood parasites contributing to increased network complexity. Next, I investigate the role and evolutionary origins of the whining vocalisation which is produced in response to observing a brood parasite by a group of distantly related host species found around the world. I find that the whining vocalisation plays an important role in communicating the threat of brood parasitism between species and that the pressure imposed on hosts by multiple species of brood parasites has selected for global convergence on a functionally referential vocalisation that sympatric and allopatric hosts respond to innately but are only able to produce once learned from others. Together, these findings highlight the important role that brood parasite–host networks have had in shaping host phenotypes. Overall, this thesis reveals avian brood parasitism to be a complex global network of interactions rather than a series of pairwise relationships as it has been traditionally treated. Furthermore, by showcasing its applications for addressing longstanding questions in evolutionary ecology, I make the case for avian brood parasitism to be looked at from new perspectives in recognition of its suitability as a model system for studying multispecies interactions.

Research was to study mycobacterium a species of pathogenic bacteria. The research question was impervious to Gram staining resultant of either negative or positive effects. The method involve studies of mycobacterium an etiologic parasite. These were 2 to 4 micrometers in length and 0.2 to 0.5µm in width. The results showed the bacteria settlement in the cytoplasm of the plants and growth. This suggested it can be transferred to other eukaryotes. Plants were immunoprevention treatment 15mL each day for a month. Eukaryotic with possibility of mycobacterium should be considered for treatment at least 15mm of induration or had a Gram-positive result. It concluded the treatment had streptomycin production a synthesis inhibitor. It combined to small 16S rRNA of the 30S subunit prevention of binds of formyl-methinonyl-tRNA to the sequence.

Morphological and microsatellites (SSR) markers are efficient tools for determining genetic relatedness among mango cultivars. Seventeen mango cultivars were used for this study. Eight fruit quantitative traits were collected and subjected to mean separation using One-Way ANOVA and correlation using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Also, molecular analysis was done using PCR-based SSR markers. The resulting binary matrix was analyzed using Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System (NTSYSpc). Significant variation (p ≤ .05) among all the 17 mango cultivars was observed for the eight quantitative traits studied. The PCA showed that the fruits length, width, thickness weights, %pulp and %stone contributed to 98.73% of the variation observed in all the mango cultivars. A total of 21 alleles were detected from the seven polymorphic primers ranging from two to five alleles per locus with an average of 3.0 alleles per locus. The polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.52 to 0.80 with an average of 0.66. Both the morphological and molecular markers showed that the mango cultivars were diverse except for ‘Saigon’ and ‘Julie’ as well as ‘Harden’ and ‘Lipen’ which though appear morphologically distinct based on the understudied traits but showed strong similarity to each other through molecular analysis. Dendrogram constructed using the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic mean (UPGMA) based on SSR markers revealed a similarity coefficient of 48–93% indicating high level of variability and the presence of outbreeding. Results of the morphological and microsatellite (SSR) analyses showed wide diversity among the mango cultivar used in this study.

Funder: MTA-ELTE 'Lendület' Neuroethology of Communication Research Group (Grant No. 95025), Funder: Austrian Science Fund (FWF): P33928-B, Funder: Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant code: PP00P3_163850) NCCR Evolving Language, Swiss National Science Foundation Agreement #51NF40_180888, Funder: Hungarian Academy of Sciences via the János Bolyai Research Scholarship (BO/751/20) ÚNKP-20-5; ÚNKP-21-5 and ÚNKP-22-5 New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology from the source of the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund (ÚNKP-20-5-ELTE-337; 21-5-ELTE-1061; 22-5-ELTE-475), Domestication dramatically changes behaviour, including communication, as seen in the case of dogs (Canis familiaris) and wolves (Canis lupus). We tested the hypothesis that domestication may affect an ancient, shared communication form of canids, the howling which seems to have higher individual variation in dogs: the perception and usage of howls may be affected by the genetic relatedness of the breeds to their last common ancestor with wolves (‘root distance’) and by other individual features like age, sex, and reproductive status. We exposed 68 purebred dogs to wolf howl playbacks and recorded their responses. We identified an interaction between root distance and age on the dogs’ vocal and behavioural responses: older dogs from more ancient breeds responded longer with howls and showed more stress behaviours. Our results suggest that domestication impacts vocal behaviour significantly: disintegrating howling, a central, species-specific communication form of canids and gradually eradicating it from dogs’ repertoire.

The current project builds on another project that is being pre-registered simultaneously: “Big Five Personality Traits and Trajectories of Physical Activity” (https://osf.io/j5ebm). That (first) project aims to examine the extent to which individual differences in personality traits may be related to levels and change in PA engagement across the lifespan. The current project aims to examine lifestyle factors that may contribute to the associations between personality traits and levels/changes in physical activity.

For those with Type I diabetes, managing blood glucose levels is a constant task in need of consistency, planfulness, and precision. Individual differences in glucose maintenance are therefore likely to be associated with differences in psychological characteristics, especially personality traits like conscientiousness. Moreover, these relationships may be a two-way street. That is, prioritizing glucose maintenance requires deprioritizing success in other domains, including social ones. Therefore, the choice to maintain tight (or not) glucose levels may itself impact personality traits, such as extraversion. Prior work has established consistent and moderate associations between broad (i.e., Big Five) personality traits and outcomes among people with Type I diabetes, including links to HbA1c (Vollrath et al., 2007) and diabetes-related problems (Rassart et al., 2014). However, recent theoretical and empirical work suggests that narrow traits -- e.g., orderliness, compared to conscientiousness -- are both more predictive of outcomes (Elleman et al., 2020; Mõttus et al., 2017; Weston et al., 2022) and provide a deeper theoretical understanding of the mechanisms linking psychological characteristics to outcomes (Mõttus et al., 2020). At the same time, advances in blood glucose (BG) measurement have shifted the focus from HbA1c and other measures of general or average BG to measures of BG variability, which are more direct measures of glycemic control (Kovatchev, 2017). Thus our understanding of the associations between psychological individual differences and Type 1 diabetes outcomes needs related updating. Thorough assessment of the relationship between traits and diabetes outcomes would include estimates of blood glucose tendency (e.g., median) and variability, as well as psychological outcomes, such as distress and engagement.

KEY MESSAGE: Accurate genomic prediction of yield within and across generations was achieved by estimating the genetic merit of individual white clover genotypes based on extensive genetic replication using cloned material. White clover is an agriculturally important forage legume grown throughout temperate regions as a mixed clover-grass crop. It is typically cultivated with low nitrogen input, making yield dependent on nitrogen fixation by rhizobia in root nodules. Here, we investigate the effects of clover and rhizobium genetic variation by monitoring plant growth and quantifying dry matter yield of 704 combinations of 145 clover genotypes and 170 rhizobium inocula. We find no significant effect of rhizobium variation. In contrast, we can predict yield based on a few white clover markers strongly associated with plant size prior to nitrogen fixation, and the prediction accuracy for polycross offspring yield is remarkably high. Several of the markers are located near a homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana GIGANTUS 1, which regulates growth rate and biomass accumulation. Our work provides fundamental insight into the genetics of white clover yield and identifies specific candidate genes as breeding targets.

Conservationists rarely consider the roles individuals, with their own unique behavior, physiology, and genome, play in shaping ecosystem processes and consequently ecosystem services, but this is changing. An ongoing surge in research on animal personalities (that is, behavioral differences among individuals that are consistent over time and across contexts) is exposing the ecological roles of individuals to scientific scrutiny. Here, we present four broad examples of ecosystem services that are likely to be shaped by personalities: (1) pollination and seed dispersal, (2) regulation of pest species, (3) ecotourism, and (4) maintenance of soil quality. Although researchers have suggested diverse links between animal personality and ecosystem function, very few have examined this association. We outline a four-step process for quantifying and validating these linkages, leading to application for conservation practitioners, and conclude by recommending that accounting for behavioral variation should be incorporated into the management of ecosystem services.

The goal of this study is to evaluate the association maladaptive personality traits and potential for violence.

In 2019, south-eastern Australia experienced its driest and hottest year on record, resulting in massive canopy dieback events in eucalypt dominated forests. A subsequent period of high precipitation in 2020 provided a rare opportunity to quantify the impacts of extreme drought and consequent recovery. We quantified canopy health and hydraulic impairment (native percent loss of hydraulic conductivity, PLC) of 18 native tree species growing at 15 sites that were heavily impacted by the drought both during and 8–10 months after the drought. Most species exhibited high PLC during drought (PLC:65.1 ± 3.3%), with no clear patterns across sites or species. Heavily impaired trees (PLC > 70%) showed extensive canopy browning. In the post-drought period, most surviving trees exhibited hydraulic recovery (PLC:26.1 ± 5.1%), although PLC remained high in some trees (50–70%). Regained hydraulic function (PLC

This record consists of a combined slide deck and the video recordings of each presentation at the 3rd ARDC Bushfire Data Challenges Forum held on 7 December 2022. At this Bushfire Data Challenges Forum, all 13 projects in the program have presented their outputs and project updates.

Coastal ecosystems deteriorate globally due to human-induced stress factors, like nutrient loading and pollution. Bacteria are critical to marine ecosystems, e.g., by regulating nutrient cycles, synthesizing vitamins, or degrading pollutants, thereby providing essential ecosystem services ultimately affecting economic activities. Yet, until now bacteria are overlooked both as mediators and indicators of ecosystem health, mainly due to methodological limitations in assessing bacterial ecosystem functions. However, these limitations are largely overcome by the advances in molecular biology and bioinformatics methods for characterizing the genetics that underlie functional traits of key bacterial populations - "key" in providing important ecosystem services, being abundant, or by possessing high metabolic rates. It is therefore timely to analyze and define the functional responses of bacteria to human-induced effects on coastal ecosystem health. We posit that categorizing the responses of key marine bacterial populations to changes in environmental conditions through modern microbial oceanography methods will allow establishing the nascent field of genetic counselling for our coastal waters. This requires systematic field studies of linkages between functional traits of key bacterial populations and their ecosystem functions in coastal seas, complemented with systematic experimental analyses of the responses to different stressors. Research and training in environmental management along with dissemination of results and dialogue with societal actors are equally important to ensure the role of bacteria is understood as fundamentally important for coastal ecosystems. Using the responses of microorganisms as a tool to develop genetic counselling for coastal ecosystems can ultimately allow for integrating bacteria as indicators of environmental change., We thank for the many inspiring discussions with Ulla Li Zweifel and Åke Hagström on taking advantage of microbial genetic blueprints for informing on the health status of natural waters. We gratefully acknowledge Martin Brusin for contributing drawings of Figure 1. Research on this subject was supported by the marine strategic research program EcoChange to J. P and the BONUS BLUEPRINT project, which has received funding from BONUS, the Joint Baltic Sea Research and Development Program (Art 185), and Swedish, German and Danish research councils to JP, AA, ML and LR.

Migration is ubiquitous and can strongly shape food webs and ecosystems. Less familiar, however, is that the majority of life cycle, seasonal and diel migrations in nature are partial migrations: only a fraction of the population migrates while the other individuals remain in their resident ecosystem. Here, we demonstrate different impacts of partial migration rendering it fundamental to our understanding of the significance of migration for food web and ecosystem dynamics. First, partial migration affects the spatiotemporal distribution of individuals and the food web and ecosystem-level processes they drive differently than expected under full migration. Second, whether an individual migrates or not is regularly correlated with morphological, physiological, and/or behavioural traits that shape its food-web and ecosystem-level impacts. Third, food web and ecosystem dynamics can drive the fraction of the population migrating, enabling the potential for feedbacks between the causes and consequences of migration within and across ecosystems. These impacts, individually and in combination, can yield unintuitive effects of migration and drive the dynamics, diversity and functions of ecosystems. By presenting the first full integration of partial migration and trophic (meta-)community and (meta-)ecosystem ecology, we provide a roadmap for studying how migration affects and is affected by ecosystem dynamics in a changing world.

People spontaneously infer other people’s psychology from faces, encompassing inferences of their affective states, cognitive states, and stable traits such as personality. These judgments are known to be often invalid, but nonetheless bias many social decisions. Their importance and ubiquity have made them popular targets for automated prediction using deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs). Here, we investigated the applicability of this approach: how well does it generalize, and what biases does it introduce? We compared three distinct sets of features (from a face identification DCNN, an object recognition DCNN, and using facial geometry), and tested their prediction across multiple out-of-sample datasets. Across judgments and datasets, features from both pre-trained DCNNs provided better predictions than did facial geometry. However, predictions using object recognition DCNN features were not robust to superficial cues (e.g., color and hair style). Importantly, predictions using face identification DCNN features were not specific: models trained to predict one social judgment (e.g., trustworthiness) also significantly predicted other social judgments (e.g., femininity and criminal), and at an even higher accuracy in some cases than predicting the judgment of interest (e.g., trustworthiness). Models trained to predict affective states (e.g., happy) also significantly predicted judgments of stable traits (e.g., sociable), and vice versa. Our analysis pipeline not only provides a flexible and efficient framework for predicting affective and social judgments from faces but also highlights the dangers of such automated predictions: correlated but unintended judgments can drive the predictions of the intended judgments. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42761-021-00075-5.

Because the construct of psychopathy is of chief interest across different disciplines, spanning developmental, clinical, and forensic psychology, its assessment bears far-reaching implications. One prominent contemporary conceptualization of psychopathy, the Triarchic Model, posits that a psychopathic personality encompasses three phenotypic constructs: boldness, meanness, and disinhibition. Recently, triarchic scales have been derived based on items from the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ), and the psychometric characteristics of this approach (MPQ-triarchic [MPQ-Tri]) are promising. The present study examined the longitudinal measurement invariance and the construct validity of the MPQ-Tri scales in a large and diverse high-risk sample (N = 716) across four time points from age 16-25. First, we report and discuss implications of confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses of the MPQ-Tri scales. Next, we report evidence for longitudinal configural and partial scalar invariance. In addition, in line with previous studies, MPQ-Boldness showed relatively higher levels of rank-order and mean-level stability compared to MPQ-Meanness and Disinhibition. Finally, in terms of construct validity, the MPQ-Tri scales showed a pattern of association with external correlates across internalizing and externalizing domains that were largely in line with theoretical expectations. One partial exception concerned the limited discriminant validity of the MPQ-Meanness and Disinhibition scales. On balance, the present findings suggest that the MPQ-Tri scales fulfill their intended purpose, with some noted limitation, and provide grounds for the use of the MPQ-Tri scales in developmentally-informed studies on the etiology and consequences of psychopathy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

This research was supported by BAP Project No. 2016.10.03.990 awarded to Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University (BAIBU) and the equipment was provided by this project and additional funding (BAP project numbers 2015.10.03.881, 2015.103.88 and 2016.10.03.1029). The BAIBU and Beypi Inc. (beypilic (R)) for their support which allowed the first author to realize the research. The aim of the research was to determine whether enrichment of the atmosphere in an incubator with carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O-2) and eggshell thickness ( EST) affected embryonic death (ED), hatchability of fertile eggs (HFE) and hatching time (HT). A total of 320 Ross 308 eggs were used and the experiment was repeated twice. Eggshell thickness was classified as thin (32 mu m). The incubators were operated with their internal atmosphere enriched with CO2 (1.57% CO2; 20.23% O-2) or O-2 (0.50% CO2; 22.44% O-2). Embryonic death, HFE and HT data were monitored at three periods, namely early (0.05). Thus, O-2 supplementation to the incubator was deemed unnecessary at 822 m altitude. There was a highly significant interaction between EST and HT. Eggs with shells 31 to 32 mu m thick hatched at an appreciably greater rate between 486 and 492 hours of incubation (17%) than eggs with thicker (0.6%) or thinner (0.4%) shells in both the CO2 and O-2 enriched atmospheres. The hatching rate was significantly higher in the eggs with an intermediate EST than in thick-shelled eggs. A greater proportion of eggs hatched at the late HT as opposed to earlier, regardless of EST. BAP Project [2016.10.03.990, 2015.10.03.881, 2015.103.88, 2016.10.03.1029]

The purpose of this study is to provide a systematic literature review on personality trait research in social entrepreneurship, clarify the prevailing research categories and research themes, and suggest potential future research directions. The review process follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A total of 60 publications in the research topic from Web of Science and Scopus were analyzed. This study identifies four main categories in studies of personality traits in social entrepreneurship: ‘comparison of personality traits,’ ‘description of personality traits of social entrepreneurs,’ ‘personality traits and social entrepreneurial intention,’ and ‘personality traits and other factors.’ In addition, the themes in each category are also determined and several research gaps deserving of future investigation are recognized. Policymakers and educators gain a deeper understanding of personality traits in social entrepreneurship to have policies that trigger a change in social entrepreneurship education by cultivating personality traits towards sustainable development. This study classifies publications related to personality traits in social entrepreneurship and provides a guide for researchers by providing a systematic understanding of the research structure in this topic.

Key message Root-specific expression of a cytokinin-degrading CKX gene in maize roots causes formation of a larger root system leading to higher element content in shoot organs. Abstract The size and architecture of the root system is functionally relevant for the access to water and soil nutrients. A great number of mostly unknown genes are involved in regulating root architecture complicating targeted breeding of plants with a larger root system. Here, we have explored whether root-specific degradation of the hormone cytokinin, which is a negative regulator of root growth, can be used to genetically engineer maize (Zea mays L.) plants with a larger root system. Root-specific expression of a CYTOKININ OXIDASE/DEHYDROGENASE (CKX) gene of Arabidopsis caused the formation of up to 46% more root dry weight while shoot growth of these transgenic lines was similar as in non-transgenic control plants. The concentration of several elements, in particular of those with low soil mobility (K, P, Mo, Zn), was increased in leaves of transgenic lines. In kernels, the changes in concentration of most elements were less pronounced, but the concentrations of Cu, Mn and Zn were significantly increased in at least one of the three independent lines. Our data illustrate the potential of an increased root system as part of efforts towards achieving biofortification. Taken together, this work has shown that root-specific expression of a CKX gene can be used to engineer the root system of maize and alter shoot element composition.

Species and community-level responses to warming are well documented, with plants and invertebrates known to alter their range, phenology or composition as temperature increases. The effects of warming on biotic interactions are less clearly understood, but can have consequences that cascade through ecological networks. Here, we used a natural soil temperature gradient of 5–35°C in the Hengill geothermal valley, Iceland, to investigate the effects of temperature on plant community composition and plant–invertebrate interactions. We quantified the level of invertebrate herbivory on the plant community across the temperature gradient and the interactive effects of temperature, plant phenology (i.e. development stage) and vegetation community composition on the probability of herbivory for three ubiquitous plant species, Cardamine pratensis, Cerastium fontanum and Viola palustris. We found that the percentage cover of graminoids and forbs increased, while the amount of litter decreased, with increasing soil temperature. Invertebrate herbivory also increased with soil temperature at the plant community level, but this was underpinned by different effects of temperature on herbivory for individual plant species, mediated by the seasonal development of plants and the composition of the surrounding vegetation. This illustrates the importance of considering the development stage of organisms in climate change research given the variable effects of temperature on susceptibility to herbivory at different ontogenetic stages.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationships among the kid birth weight, the placental, and cotyledon traits in Saanen goats. The effect of parity, birth type, and birth weight (BIRWT), on placental and cotyledon characteristics, were analyzed by the general linear model. Significant differences for birth type occurred on cotyledon length (CL) and cotyledon depth (CDEP). The means for cotyledon width (CWID) and cotyledon depth (CDEP) were 21.52 and 0.361 mm, respectively. The general means of total cotyledon surface area (TCSA), cotyledon number (CN), and cotyledon weight (CWE) were 67.27 cm2, 66.76 unit, and 153.51 g, respectively. There was negative correlation among placental weight (PW) and each of the cotyledon density (CD) (r = -0.321, p < 0.01), placental activity (PA), and cotyledon activity (CA) (r = -0.630, p < 0.01). The relationship among total cotyledon number (TCN), cotyledon weight (CWE), and total cotyledon surface area (TCSA) were significantly and negatively correlated (p < 0.01). It has been found that there was a significant and negative relationship between cotyledon density (CD) and cotyledon width (CWID). There was a positive relationship between cotyledon length (CL) and cotyledon width (CWID) (p < 0.01). Finally, it may enhance to conduct of further nutrition studies examining the relationship between gestation and total cotyledon surface area (TCSA).

Personality traits are relatively stable, dispositional patterns that differentiate people from one another (Roberts, Wood, & Caspi, 2008). Personality traits are robust predictors of many life outcomes (Beck & Jackson, 2020), including health outcomes such as disease diagnosis (Weston, Hill, & Jackson, 2015), terminal cognitive decline (Wilson et al., 2015) and mortality risk (Graham et al., 2017; Mroczek & Spiro, 2007). They also are critical predictors of important factors that lead to later disease or early mortality, most notably health behaviors (Turiano, Chapman, Agrigoroaei, Infurna, & Lachman, 2014) and physician adherence (Hill & Roberts, 2011). In fact, this is one mechanism by which psychological dimensions such as well-being or personality influence more distal health outcomes: via mediating factors such as lifestyle factors. Similar processes may operate with respect to post-dx cognitive decline among those with dementia. Those with particular personality- or well being-based predisposing factors, may have slower rates of decline, meaning less impairment and better functioning for a longer length of time even after the onset of dementia.

We are conducting a direct replication of a study that was conducted from January 2020-March 2020. The purpose of this direct replication is to target and confirm key findings from an initial study with many other exploratory measures. Specifically, we are examining whether having a social identity of introversion/extraversion is more important to differences in state authenticity when arguing for/against the trait, compared to trait levels.

fMRI investigation of interactions between mental state representation and trait representation

DOTA 2 is an online video game in which teams of players compete to destroy each other’s bases and gain control of a map. DOTA 2 is a popular esport, and data from every DOTA 2 match is publicly available online for interested parties to scrutinise and analyse. Because of the free availability of player behaviour data, DOTA 2 provides a testbed for exploring how different individuals make decisions in situations like this by analysing large sets of pre-existing public data. Because of the high-pressure, high cognitive load environment of the game, it provides an interesting setting for studying how other factors and traits might influence behaviours of interest that may be generalisable to other life areas. In this project, we propose a large-scale survey of DOTA 2 players in which we will measure various aspects of their personality. We will then explore whether and how these personality features are linked to what may be considered a risky behaviour within the game, as well as whether this risky behaviour can then be generalised to risk-taking in other domains. We focus specifically on hero choice as a risky behaviour, as in-game behaviour in DOTA 2 is largely prescribed by predisposed behavioural patterns which come with the roles heroes perform. Before connecting risky heroes to player types, we will conduct an analysis to ascertain which heroes can be labelled as risky. We will therefore have three research questions: RQ1. Which DOTA 2 heroes can be categorised as risky? RQ2: Are certain personalities more likely to play riskier heroes? RQ3: Can risky hero choice be generalised to risk-taking in other life domains?

Transcribed trait-word list from Allport and Odbert (1936) in easily usable digital form.

The ITEX species pool protocol outlines methods for quantifying the size and diversity of the species pool around long-term monitoring ecological plots. The protocol is distributed across members of the ITEX network (https://www.gvsu.edu/itex/) to collect data on the species pool and plant traits across Arctic and alpine tundra sites. We developed this protocol to answer questions about the differences between plant biodiversity and traits inside small-scale monitoring plots and across the surrounding landscape. We welcome new sites - for any questions or to express interest in the protocol, please get in touch with Gergana Daskalova (gndaskalova@gmail.com) and Christian Rixen (rixen@slf.ch).

The goal of this meta-analysis is to provide a comprehensive summary of the scientific evidence for personality stability and change by synthesizing all available data on both rank-order stability and mean-level change in personality traits across the lifespan. In doing so, we aim to draw a more precise picture of the lifespan development of personality traits from childhood to old age and test for possible moderators of stability and change.

The goal of this study is to examine whether changes in personality traits are related to changes in environmental concern over time.

A developmental perspective on the association between Schwartz values and the Big 5 personality traits, as it relates to wellbeing. the role of religion in religiosity-wellbeing associations, and additional links between values, preferences and wellbeing.

The current assessment of extinction risk in reef corals by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has been criticized, as coral life-history traits associated with resilience are not reflected in the conservation status. Here we performed a quantitative assessment of the link between reef coral traits and species extinction risk informed by extinctions of reef corals observed in the fossil record.

Natural selection can only occur if individuals differ in fitness. For this reason, the variance in relative fitness has been equated with the ‘opportunity for selection’ ((Formula presented.)), which has a long, albeit somewhat controversial, history. In this paper we discuss the use/misuse of (Formula presented.) and related metrics in evolutionary ecology. The opportunity is only realised if some fraction of (Formula presented.) is caused by trait variation. Thus, (Formula presented.) does not imply that selection is occurring, as sometimes erroneously assumed, because all fitness variation could be independent of phenotype. The selection intensity on any given trait cannot exceed (Formula presented.), but this upper limit will never be reached because (a) stochastic factors always affect fitness, and (b) there might be multiple traits under selection. The expected magnitude of the stochastic component of (Formula presented.) is negatively correlated with mean fitness. Uncertainty in realised (Formula presented.) is also larger when mean fitness or population/sample size are low. Variation in (Formula presented.) across time or space thus can be dominated (or solely driven) by variation in the strength of demographic stochasticity. We illustrate these points using simulations and empirical data from a population study on great tits Parus major. Our analysis shows that the scope for fecundity selection in the great tits is substantially higher when using annual number of recruits as the fitness measure, rather than fledglings or eggs, even after adjusting for the dependence of (Formula presented.) on mean fitness. This suggests nonrandom survival of juveniles across families between life stages. Indeed, previous work on this population has shown that offspring recruitment is often nonrandom with respect to clutch size and laying date of parents, for example. We conclude that one cannot make direct inferences about selection based on fitness data alone. However, examining variation in (Formula presented.) (the opportunity for fecundity selection adjusted for mean fitness) across life stages, years or environments can offer clues as to when/where fecundity selection might be strongest, which can be useful for research planning and experimental design.

Body size plays a key role in the functioning of communities and ecosystems. However, this ecological trait is commonly under strong selection pressure by environmental drivers, such as temperature, nutrients, predation, and food quality. Understanding how environmental factors interact to shape the body size structure of communities is, therefore, of fundamental and applied interest. Using a unique database from 12 Neotropical lakes, we quantified the community-weighted mean trait (CWM) of zooplankton body size. We investigated how temperature, total phosphorus, abundance of predators (planktivorous fish) and food availability (abundance of edible and inedible algae) affect CWM of zooplankton body size. We also analyzed the interactions among these environmental predictors, and their cascading effects on zooplankton body size. We found that planktivorous fish, inedible algae, and edible algae had strong direct impacts on CWM of zooplankton body size. In particular, planktivorous fish and inedible algae decreased the CWM of body size, whereas edible algae increased it. Temperature and total phosphorus indirectly affected CWM of body size by increasing the abundance of planktivorous fish and inedible algae, and decreasing the abundance of edible algae. Our findings illustrate that environmental factors act in combination and affect zooplankton body size through multiple pathways. Therefore, focusing on the interaction between environmental predictors rather than just their isolated effects may provide a more mechanistic understanding of how environmental changes drive the body size structure of biotic communities.

There is urgency in optimizing agricultural production in light of climate uncertainty, human population growth and resource limitations. The rhizosphere microbiome is a promising genetic resource, yet it is poorly understood. Additionally, research into rhizosphere microbial community assembly (MCA) lacks a consistent ecological framework that incorporates the dynamics of the occurring interactions. We explore the ecological principles that guide community establishment as they pertain to the rhizosphere while reviewing relevant research and highlighting the gaps in knowledge. We propose a conceptual model for studying the rhizosphere, and argue for higher resolution characterizations of the rhizosphere, under a framework of root and microbial traits that will determine its resulting composition. For this, we borrow concepts from ecological theory to chronologically describe MCA as a function of colonization, distribution and succession under changing plant-imposed filters. We argue that there is a need to consider the temporal and spatial scale of rhizosphere processes in a manner that is relevant to its microbial components. Finally, we discuss strategies for managing the rhizosphere microbiome for agriculture and the remaining gaps in knowledge that impede their application. Synthesis and applications. We aim to initiate a comprehensive conversation on ecological processes and plant and microbial traits that affect rhizosphere assembly. Rhizosphere microbiome research is relatively new and highly multidisciplinary. The use of a shared vocabulary and ecological theory will facilitate the development and advances in this discipline.

Introduction: Religious fundamentalism is a complex religious phenomenon that involves cultural and social domains. Like values, it would potentially provide a description of how human beings should be. Nevertheless, extensive research has focused on the association between traits and fundamentalism, while the link with values has so far been neglected. Methods: We examined how traits and values might predict religious fundamentalism in a sample of 250 Italian Catholics (57.5% females). Results: Results partially confirmed the significant positive correlation between neuroticism and consciousness traits and religious fundamentalism, and highlighted the strong positive association with openness to change/conservative dimension value. In addition, when the overlap between traits and values was controlled for, hierarchical regression showed that values predicted fundamentalism better than traits. Conclusion: These findings could support the hypothesis that religious fundamentalism can be conceptualized as a motivational-goal attitude trait more than an enduring disposition.

Key message This review illustrates how far we have come since the emergence of GE technologies and how they could be applied to obtain superior and sustainable crop production. Abstract The main challenges of today’s agriculture are maintaining and raising productivity, reducing its negative impact on the environment, and adapting to climate change. Efficient plant breeding can generate elite varieties that will rapidly replace obsolete ones and address ongoing challenges in an efficient and sustainable manner. Site-specific genome editing in plants is a rapidly evolving field with tangible results. The technology is equipped with a powerful toolbox of molecular scissors to cut DNA at a pre-determined site with different efficiencies for designing an approach that best suits the objectives of each plant breeding strategy. Genome editing (GE) not only revolutionizes plant biology, but provides the means to solve challenges related to plant architecture, food security, nutrient content, adaptation to the environment, resistance to diseases and production of plant-based materials. This review illustrates how far we have come since the emergence of these technologies and how these technologies could be applied to obtain superior, safe and sustainable crop production. Synergies of genome editing with other technological platforms that are gaining significance in plants lead to an exciting new, post-genomic era for plant research and production. In previous months, we have seen what global changes might arise from one new virus, reminding us of what drastic effects such events could have on food production. This demonstrates how important science, technology, and tools are to meet the current time and the future. Plant GE can make a real difference to future sustainable food production to the benefit of both mankind and our environment.

Aim. To identify the features of leadership perception. Methodology. The article considers a specific example of identifying implicit information in perceiving a leader. The research uses methods of observation, testing, generalization, statistical analysis and interpretation of results. Results. In the course of the work, it was revealed that there is a relationship between the qualities of the subject’s personality and the structure of the leader’s image. Research implications. The research results contribute to the theory and practice of working with leadership potential.

Freshwater ecosystems have been degraded by multiple stressors. To mitigate the effects of multiple stressors on freshwater ecosystems, we must assess the current ecological condition of these systems, diagnose the cause of the environmental impact, and predict how they will respond to future changes in anthropogenic pressures. Most biomonitoring programs use metrics of community structure to quantify ecological condition; however, they do not assess the overall ecological integrity of an ecosystem, including ecosystem function. This series of papers explores how structural and functional aspects of stream ecosystems can respond to different stressors. The use of a combination of structural and functional measures increases the ability to assess degradation of stream ecosystem integrity. We suggest that future studies should focus on development of measures that integrate ecosystem structure and function, such as the identification and refinement of species traits that are clearly associated with important functional properties of species and whose responses to different anthropogenic pressures can aid in informing the specific management activities likely to be most effective in restoring degraded stream ecosystems.

Background and aims – This work provides the first pattern analysis of the alien flora of the DemocraticRepublic of the Congo (D.R. Congo), using Asteraceae and Fabaceae as a case study.Methods – Based on herbarium collections, existing databases, and literature data, a database of 38 alienspecies of Asteraceae and 79 alien species of Fabaceae has been assembled. Patterns in the introductionpathway, phylogeny, life form, morpho-functional traits, geographic origin, and occurrence in D.R. Congoare explored.Key results – America is the main source continent in both families, but Asia is also an important donorof Fabaceae. Taxonomic spectrum discrepancies between the alien and the native flora reflect the continentof origin. Sixty-six percent of alien Asteraceae have been accidentally introduced, most of which beingannual weeds of disturbed soil. In contrast, 90% of alien Fabaceae have been deliberately introduced forforestry, agriculture, or environmental purposes, most of which being phanerophytes. Traits were comparedbetween pairs of congeneric alien and native species. For Asteraceae, a sharp discrepancy was found in thelife form spectrum (aliens: mostly therophytes; natives: phanerophytes). For Fabaceae, alien species hadlarger leaves and larger pods compared to their native congeners. The number of specimens in collectionswas positively correlated with the time since the date of first collection for both families. The Guineo-Congolian region has the highest number of alien Fabaceae, while alien Asteraceae are overrepresented inthe Zambezian region.Conclusions – Contrasting patterns between alien Asteraceae and Fabaceae in the flora of D.R. Congoin terms of life forms, trait divergence compared to the native flora, and occurrence, reflect the divergentbiological attributes and relations to humans of the two families. The striking discrepancies between the twofamilies call for analyses of patterns of alien flora at family level and warn against global generalisations., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

The paper presents brief information about the history of the collection of broad (horse) beans (Vicia faba L.) at the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), its composition, research trends, and significance for domestic breeding. The collection started in 1916 with Vavilov’s collecting activities in the Pamirs. Currently, the collection consists of 1733 accessions from 67 countries, obtained from foreign genebanks through germplasm exchange and seed requests, received from domestic and foreign breeders, and collected in numerous expeditions. Broad beans are used for food (vegetable) and feed; they are adapted to a wide range of latitudes and altitudes. A larger part of the collection is represented by fodder accessions. The main principle whereupon the collection is being augmented is the priorities of domestic breeding. The paper provides information on the botanical, environmental and geographical diversity of VIR’s broad bean collection, its level of studiedness, current research issues, and the use of the collection in the breeding process. The crop’s biological traits, characteristics of vegetable and fodder accessions, current breeding trends and source material for breeding are described. A brief analysis of the current status of broad bean breeding in Russia and VIR’s contribution to this process is presented, including the Institute’s direct involvement in the development of several cultivars of both feed and food uses. Presently, 30 broad bean cultivars are listed in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation, and 28 of them are the products of domestic breeding.

This article proposes a novel study on personality recognition using video data from different scenarios. Our goal is to jointly model nonverbal behavioral cues with contextual information for a robust, multi-scenario, personality recognition system. Therefore, we build a novel multi-stream Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) framework, which considers multiple sources of information. From a given scenario, we extract spatio-temporal motion descriptors from every individual in the scene, spatio-temporal motion descriptors encoding social group dynamics, and proxemics descriptors to encode the interaction with the surrounding context. All the proposed descriptors are mapped to the same feature space facilitating the overall learning effort. Experiments on two public datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of jointly modeling the mutual Person-Context information, outperforming the state-of-the art-results for personality recognition in two different scenarios. Last, we present CNN class activation maps for each personality trait, shedding light on behavioral patterns linked with personality attributes.