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This study offers an in-depth analysis of labour productivity of manufacturing sector in Turkey and provides a comparison with EU27 and EA19 countries utilizing Eurostat time series data of 63 quarters covering 2005/first quarter-2020/third quarter time interval. Productivity trends are identified and interpreted by relating them with the key macroeconomic events and factors. Multiple linear and non-linear regression equations, and ARIMA model with different parameters are applied to the time series data considering the periods with and without covid effect. Future projections are made for the periods 2020–2023 for Turkey manufacturing sector based on the best fitting regression and ARIMA solutions and they are compared. Findings revealed that extreme covid conditions of even two quarters of data have significant impact on the forecasted values for Turkey, EU27 and EA19 countries. ARIMA analysis with 12 different parameter settings provided accurate results, supported by Thiel’s inequality coefficients and standard error measures. Analysis has shown consistent patterns between EA19 and EU27 countries. ARIMA results represent better compatibility with the regression results for Turkey. Study is valuable by providing comprehensive and comparative analysis, revealing future forecasts and covid effect and degree of recovery from the pandemic.

The current study investigates if environmental taxation in Turkey significantly impacts stock returns of renewable energy producers. Renewable energy-related firms trading Istanbul Stock Exchange and the overall energy stock index are selected and analyzed using time series methods. Results generally confirm the long-term effects of taxation on renewable energy stock prices. This study demonstrates that variations in national environmental regulations and energy taxation result in significant variations in energy stock performance. It is also found that foreign direct investments in Turkey negatively impact energy stock markets. Implications are provided at the end of this study.

Purpose ― Over the past two decades since the 2000s, Turkey's private savings rates have decreased, which has become a concern for policymakers. In addition to considering the key determinants of private savings, this study primarily aims to quantify the linear and nonlinear impacts of financial development on private savings from 1980 to 2015. Method ― This study uses Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) procedure and the Fourier Toda-Yamamoto causality framework. Findings ― The main findings are as follows: 1) The ARDL bounds test supports the presence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between private savings and its determinants; 2) Financial development affects private savings nonlinearly in an inverted U-shaped pattern, and 3) No causality relationship is observed between private savings and financial development. Implication ― As financial development has an inverted U-shaped relationship with private savings, indicating that the complementary effect of financial development is replaced with a substitution effect after a certain threshold level, Turkish authorities should consider this evidence when tailoring policies regarding financial markets. Originality ― This study is the first to identify whether the relationship between private savings and financial development is linear or nonlinear in the context of an emerging economy in Turkey.

This research was carried out to determine the general profile of the students enrolled in Turkish and English programs of Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (AUFVM). Determination of the demographic characteristics, socioeconomic statuses, pre-university education levels, foreign language levels of students are aimed. Additionally, reasons for choosing the veterinary profession, career expectations, views on post-graduate education, leisure time preferences, and participation in sportive and artistic activities are evaluated. A survey consisting of questions prepared for the purpose of the study was conducted with 545 students studying in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th grades enrolled in Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 2019-2020 Spring Semester of Turkish and English programs. After the data analysis, it has been determined that the students are generally of urban origin and come from families with low income of the Central Anatolian Region. Accordingly, more than half of the students chose the veterinary faculty program as their first choice. They are satisfied with being a veterinary faculty student and a candidate for the profession. In addition, it has been highlighted that more than half of the students want to continue their post-graduate education, “sometimes” have the chance to participate in sportive and cultural activities, and have a low rate of reading books. As a result, it is thought that presenting a general overview of the student profile will be beneficial for both university and faculty administration and academicians in order to provide the opportunity to know the students better.

This study examines the framing of the social movement in Iran launched on 29 December 2017, by analyzing the news texts of six national Turkish newspapers. It discusses the movement in the context of news framing, focusing on problem definition, causal interpretation, moral evaluation, and treatment recommendation. The findings suggest that each newspaper has reported the social movement in Iran quite differently. The most obvious difference is that the left-wing, anti-government press mainly explained the events in terms of political, economic, and social factors while the right-wing, pro-government press attributed the events to ‘foreign forces’ and reflected the dominant discourse of political power while framing the news. Thus, the way Turkish newspapers frame a social movement outside the country reveals the intense polarization in the Turkish press.

Makale, WOS:000959740900001, The significant technological advances observed in the 21st century and resulting sociological changes require social adaptation. These changes created an essential role for the teachers to instruct the changing qualifications. The present study aimed to determine the profile of preschool teachers in Turkey. Thus, this research was designed as a descriptive study. The study group included 652 teachers. Most of the teachers participating in the research were female participants. Most of the teachers are graduates of pre-school education. However, there are also teachers who have graduated from child development and other fields. The "Turkish Preschool Education Student Profile Questionnaire" developed by Erkan et al. (2001) was adapted by the authors to research the teacher profile. When the findings were examined, it was found that 86% of the teachers participated in educational activities, and these educational activities generally participated in in-service trainings, scientific conferences and cultural events belonging to the ministry; they usually participate in these activities whenever they have the opportunity; the reasons for participating in educational activities are usually due to the lack of time and family situations; It has been determined that the hobbies of teachers are reading books, music, movies, theater and social media. In addition, it was determined that most of the teachers willingly chose pre-school education, as the reason for this, they generally showed that they love children and love to teach. Teachers stated that they volunteered to be a preschool teacher and that they love and care about children. The findings are discussed in the light of the relevant literature. Then recommendations are given., 21. yüzyıl ile ortaya çıkan muazzam teknolojik değişim ve buna bağlı olarak gelişen sosyolojik değişim, toplumların bu süreci yaratmasını ve buna uyum sağlamasını zorunlu kılmıştır. Bu süreçte yaşanan değişimin bir sonucu olarak öğretmenler, değişen niteliklerin topluma aktarılmasında önemli bir role sahiptir. Bu araştırma, Türkiye'de çalışmakta olan okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin profilini belirlemeyi amaçlamıştır. Bu amaçla bu araştırma, betimsel araştırma ile desenlendirilmiştir. Çalışma grubu 652 öğretmenden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmaya katılan öğretmenlerin çoğunu kadın katılımcılar oluşturmuştur. Öğretmenlerin çoğu okul öncesi eğitimi mezunudur. Bununla birlikte çocuk gelişimi ve diğer alanlardan mezun olan öğretmenler de mevcuttur. Erkan ve diğerleri tarafından 2001 yılında geliştirilen “Türkiye'de Okul Öncesi Eğitim Öğrenci Profiline Ait Anket” araştırmacılar tarafından uyarlanarak öğretmen profili için uygun hale getirilmiştir. Bulgular incelendiğinde öğretmenlerin %86’sının eğitsel aktivitelere katıldığı, bu eğitsel aktivitelerin genellikle bakanlığa ait hizmet içi eğitimler, bilimsel konferanslar ve kültürel etkinlikler olduğu; bu etkinliklere genellikle fırsat bulduklarında katıldıkları; eğitsel etkinliklere katılma nedenlerinin genellikle zaman bulma sıkıntısı ve ailesel durumlardan kaynaklı olduğu; öğretmenlerin hobilerinin kitap okuma, müzik, film, tiyatro ve sosyal medya şeklinde sıralandığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca öğretmenlerin birçoğu isteyerek okul öncesi eğitimi seçtiğini, bunun nedeni olarak da genellikle çocukları ve öğretmeyi sevmelerini belirtmiştir. Öğretmenler, okul öncesi öğretmenliğini isteyerek yaptıklarını, çocukları sevdiklerini ve önemsediklerini belirtmişlerdir. Bulgular ilgili alanyazın ışığında tartışılmıştır. Ardından önerilere yer verilmiştir.

International audience; This study explores the relations between the International Statistical Institute (ISI) and Turkey during the early republican period. It investigates the ISI’s influence in Turkish statistical reform from the mid- to late-1920s through a Belgian expert who led this reform and conducted the Turkish Republic’s first population census. The study proposes to consider the ISI as an international authority and expert space for the negotiation of conventions of quantification, which contributed to the formation of an international statistical system. Focusing on the case of Turkey in the process of modernization and nation-building during the 1920s, it analyses how this international framework structured national quantification policies outside the Western world, and what this meant for state organization and social order.

We examined cave crickets in southern Anatolian and northern Syrian in areas where Martínez de la Escalera collected at the end of the 19th century and compared our material with type material. We found a new species of the genus Dolichopoda Bolívar, 1880, D. rampinii Taylan & Şirin sp. n. from Anatolia (Hatay province). Additionally, some taxonomical notes and new figures of both sexes for D. pusilla Bolívar, 1899 an D. aranea Bolívar, 1899 are given according to syntype specimens. The new species, which is collected from Akbez cave (Turkey, Hatay province). Our data obtained from the type specimens indicates the validation of D. pusilla and D. aranea. Dolichopoda pusilla has to be removed from the Turkish list, as the collection locality is now located in Syria.

Drip irrigation is often considered a technological solution to increase water use efficiency and crop productivity. However, all too often, its social and institutional entanglements are ignored. This paper treats drip irrigation as a socio-material assemblage and discusses the social and institutional changes triggered by the introduction of drip irrigation infrastructure in Ağlasun, a rural town located in the southwest of Turkey. Through an ethnographic study, we investigate how the switch from surface irrigation to drip irrigation entails an interaction of institutional re-arrangements, material infrastructures and strategizing actors to reshuffle the operation and maintenance of irrigation infrastructures, water distribution rules and water pricing. Expanding the concept of institutional bricolage to socio-material bricolage, we offer a nuanced understanding of how material infrastructures and institutions are mutually shaped by individual and collective agency. ispartof: International Journal Of The Commons vol:17 issue:1 pages:69-86 status: published

Ülkemizde Gastronomi ve Mutfak Sanatları eğitimi lisans düzeyinde 2003 yılından itibaren başlamıştır. Lisans ve lisansüstü eğitimde yaşanan en büyük zorluk ise Gastronomi ve Mutfak Sanatları alanında yeterli kaynak olmamasıdır. Eğitim ve öğretimin ilk yıllarında kaynak ihtiyacı Gastronomi ve Mutfak Sanatları alanındaki ilk kitaplar olarak kabul edilen yemek kitapları ile giderilmeye çalışılmış fakat yeterli olmamıştır. Bu araştırma ile farklı disiplinleri bir arada barındıran bir yapıda olan Gastronomi ve Mutfak Sanatları alanında, ülkemizde Türkçe ve Türkçeye çevrilmiş kitapları literatür taraması yöntemi kullanarak tespit etmek ve tespit edilen kitapları dönemsel ve konu başlıkları anlamında bir değerlendirmesi yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmaya, bu alanda değerlendirme yapacak miktarda ve genellikle gazete eki olarak verilmesinden ötürü kütüphaneler tarafından kataloglama işlemleri yapılamadığı için süreli yayınlar dâhil edilmemiştir. Araştırmaya, 1 Kasım 1928 yılında kabul edilen “Harf Devrimi”yle birlikte başlanmış olup mevcut kitapların yoğunluğu göz önünde bulundurularak 1928-2018 yılları arasındaki 90 yıllık bir zaman dilimini esas alınmıştır. Bulunan kitaplar; yayınlandıkları yıllardaki yoğunluk dikkate alınarak 1928-1999, 2000-2009 ve 2010-2018 olmak üzere 3 zaman dilimine ve sınıflandırıldıkları konu başlıklarına göre değerlendirilmiş ve tabloya yansıtılmıştır. Kitapların yayınlandıkları yıl ve konu başlıkları üzerine değerlendirmeler yapılmış; özellikle 2000’li yıllardan sonra Gastronomi ve Mutfak sanatları alanında yayınlanan kitap sayısındaki yoğun artışın nedenleri irdelenmiştir. Gastronomi ve Mutfak Sanatları farklı disiplinleri bir arada bulunduran bir yapıda olmasından dolayı farklı konu başlıkları altında tasniflenmiş kitapları tespit etmek ve gerektiğinde içeriklerini kontrol etmek oldukça zor olmuştur. Bu araştırma ile Gastronomi ve Mutfak Sanatları alanında özellikle akademik yayınların ve yemek dışındaki konu başlıklarındaki yayınların az olması bir eksiklik olarak görülmüştür., In our country, Gastronomy and Culinary Arts education has started at the undergraduate level since 2003. The biggest difficulty experienced in undergraduate and graduate education is the lack of sufficient resources in the field of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts. In the first years of education and training, the need for resources was tried to be met with cookbooks, which are accepted as the first books in the field of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, but it was not enough. With this research, it is aimed to determine the books that are in Turkish and translated into Turkish in the field of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, which has a structure that combines different disciplines, by using the literature review method and to make an evaluation of the identified books in terms of periodical and subject headings. Periodicals were not included in the research, since they are generally given as newspaper supplements in an amount to make evaluations in this field, and because cataloging processes cannot be done by the libraries.The research started with the "Letter Revolution", which was accepted on November 1, 1928, and considering the density of existing books, a 90-year period between 1928-2018 was taken as a basis. Taking into account the density in the years they were published, the books found were evaluated according to the 3 time periods 1928-1999, 2000-2009 and 2010-2018, and reflected in the table according to the titles they were classified. The year the books were published and their titles were evaluated, and the reasons for the intense increase in the number of books published in the field of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, especially after the 2000s, were examined.Due to the fact that Gastronomy and Culinary Arts have a structure that combines different disciplines, it has been very difficult to identify the books classified under other subject headings and to control their contents when necessary. With this research, it has been seen as a deficiency that there are few academic publications in the field of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, and publications on topics other than food.

The epiphytic bryophyte vegetation of the Kümbet Plateau (Dereli-Giresun) was investigated. A total of 40 relevés taken from tree trunks in different vegetation periods of the year 2019 were analysed using multivariate analysis methods such as detrended correspondence analysis (DECORANA) and two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN), and the Braun-Blanquet method was also applied. As a result, Frullanio tamarisci-Neckeretum pumilae Alataş, Ezer, Batan & Erata ass. nov. and Frullanio tamarisci-Neckeretum pumilae-isothecietosum alopecuroidis Alataş, Ezer, Batan & Erata subass. nov. were described as new syntaxa from Turkey. In addition, Ulotetum crispae -sanionietosum uncinatae was recorded for the first time from Turkey, while Ulotetum crispae was recorded for the second time from Turkey. These syntaxa were analysed in terms of their ecological and floristic aspects. © 2023 Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden Jevremovac, Belgrade

By examining the factors that determine the capital structure for Turkish Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) in Borsa Istanbul (BIST) over the period 2014-2020, we attempt to present a contribution to the capital structure literature. In our study, we use panel data analysis that provide us proofs about the impact of financial performance, stock performance, and corporate structure on capital structure decisions of REITS. Some of the findings are remarkably similar to those of prior studies in this array of literature while our independent variables and capital structure may seem to be connected differently from the leading capital structure theories (\"pecking order theory and trade-off theory\"). The prominent capital structure theories of pecking order and trade-off theory likewise receive mixed support, although the link between capital structure and our independent variables appears to be skewed. As a result, the theory’s assumptions indicate that capital structure changes are driven by survival.

Згідно з прогнозами, чисельність мусульманського населення у 2030 році становитиме 2,2 мільярда осіб, тоді як наразі – 1,6 мільярда осіб. Авторами відмічено, що халяльна косметика викликає особливий інтерес серед мусульман через відсутність тестувань продукції на тваринах, що символізує їх безпечність для тваринного світу. З огляду на це, населення мусульман є потенціально привабливим сегментом на ринку халяльної косметики. З огляду на низку факторів, халяльна продукція має попит не лише серед мусульманських споживачів. Відповідно до прогнозів експертів очікується, що світовий ринок халяльної косметики досягне близько 54 мільярдів доларів у 2024 році, що активує зусилля брендів і компаній на ринку халяльної косметики. Бренди та компанії, які усвідомлюють потенціал розвитку ринку халяльної косметики, намагаються завоювати більшу частку на ринку. Однак, перед брендами постає низка труднощів у мотивуванні споживачів купувати халяльну косметику через складність та динамічність споживчої поведінки. З огляду на це, компаніям важливо розуміти фактори впливу на попит халяльної косметики серед мусульманських споживачів, що дозволить розробити ефективні маркетингові стратегії. Авторами відмічено, що покоління Z, яке постійно взаємодіє зі світом завдяки цифровим технологіям та постійно стежить за розробками в кожній галузі, є найбільш привабливою цільовою групою для брендів. Зокрема, бреди розглядають покоління Z серед мусульманського населення Туреччини як потенційний ринок для зростання та масштабування. Бренди мають розуміти фактори, які впливають на поведінку покоління Z щодо споживання халяльної косметики. Таким чином, метою дослідження є визначення факторів, які впливають на споживання халяльної косметики серед покоління Z. Для досягнення поставленої мети проведено онлайн-опитування 550 респондентів, які проживають у Стамбулі (Туреччина). Дослідження проведено у період з листопада по грудень 2021 року. За результатами дослідження встановлено, що характеристики продукту, соціальний вплив та рівень інноваційності споживачів мають статистично значущий вплив на споживання халяльної косметики серед покоління Z, тоді як релігійність не має впливу на сприйняття халяльної косметики. It is estimated that the Muslim population, which is currently 1.6 billion in total, will reach 2.2 billion in 2030. For this reason, the Muslim population has significant potential in terms of the halal cosmetics sector, as in many other sectors. In addition, the more Muslim population is turning to halal cosmetic products that are not tested on animals, symbolizing cleanliness. In addition to Muslim consumers, consumers also demand halal cosmetic products for various reasons. Since the world halal cosmetics market is expected to reach approximately 54 billion dollars in 2024, the efforts of brands and companies in the halal cosmetics market are increasing. Brands and companies aware of this potential are trying to get a bigger share of the Muslim cosmetic products market with the products they develop. However, industry brands have significant problems motivating consumers to buy halal cosmetics, but consumer behaviour is a complex and dynamic process. The same is true when it comes to halal cosmetic products. Many factors affect consumers' choice of halal cosmetic products. It is important for brands that want to be successful in the sector and get more shares to learn more about the factors affecting the halal cosmetics demand of Muslim consumers. Only in this way would it be possible for brands to create the right marketing strategies. Generation Z, who is constantly interacting with the world due to their technological competencies and continuously following the developments in every field, is the most important target group for brands. Especially in recent years, Generation Z has been a focused area of research in human resources, marketing, and business strategies. Turkey is a country with a predominantly Muslim population. Generation Z among the Muslim population in Turkey is a potential market for halal cosmetics. Therefore, it is of great importance for cosmetic brands to understand the factors that affect the behaviour of Generation Z to adopt halal cosmetics. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the factors affecting Generation Z's halal cosmetics adoption. The research was carried out with 550 participants living in Istanbul with the online survey method in November and December 2021. The results showed that product characteristics, social influence, and consumer innovativeness significantly affected Generation Z's halal cosmetics adoption. Religiosity did not affect their halal cosmetics adoption.

BACKGROUND: Coronary care units are sophisticated clinics established to reduce deaths due to acute cardiovascular events. Current data on coronary care unit mortality rates and predictors of mortality in Turkey are very limited. The MORtality predictors in CORonary care units in TURKey (MORCOR-TURK) trial was designed to provide information on the mortality rates and predictors in patients followed in coronary care units in Turkey. METHODS: The MORCOR-TURK trial will be a national, observational, multicenter, and noninterventional study conducted in Turkey. The study population will include coronary care unit patients from 50 centers selected from all regions in Turkey. All consecutive patients admitted to coronary care units with cardiovascular diagnoses between 1 and 30 September 2022 will be prospectively enrolled. All data will be collected at one point in time, and the current clinical practice will be evaluated (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT05296694). In the first step of the study, admission diagnoses, demographic characteristics, basic clinical and laboratory data, and in-hospital management will be assessed. At the end of the first step, the predictors and rates of in-hospital mortality will be documented. The second step will be in cohort design, and discharged patients will be followed up till 1 year. Predictors of short- and long-term mortality will be assessed. Moreover, a new coronary care unit mortality score will be generated with data acquired from this cohort. RESULTS: The short-term outcomes of the study are planned to be shared by early 2023. CONCLUSION: The MORCOR-TURK trial will be the largest and most comprehensive study in Turkey evaluating the rates and predictors of in-hospital mortality of patients admitted to coronary care units.

We test a conjecture to explain Turkey’s decades long underachievement in early child mortality improvements. We argue that it is largely a consequence of cultural barriers to embrace available modern medical technology and health care practices. The empirical test rests on a reformulation of Coale’s Ready-Willing-Able (RWA) framework (1973) to explain fertility changes making it suitable to understand mortality changes. We employ a Structural Equation Model (SEM) and Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) spanning 1993 to 2013, and estimate basic parameters of the reformulated framework. These are then used to classify mothers into four categories representing subgroups with different configurations of RWA dimensions and different probabilities of adopting modern medical practices. We find that observed behaviors in these subgroups are consistent with RWA expectations. In addition, we find that an important contributor to Turkey’s lagging mortality decline is a population distribution biased toward groups more reticent to adopt modern health care, not to their availability or accessibility.

Bu çalışma, 1998'den 2017'ye uzanan yirmi yıllık bir dönemde Borsa İstanbul'da işlem gören şirketlerin kazançları ile maddi olmayan duran varlıkları arasındaki ampirik ilişkiyi test etmektedir. Bu dönem, Türkiye'nin UFRS'ye geçişi ve küresel finansal krizler de dahil olmak üzere bir dizi önemli olayla ilgilidir. Dinamik panel veri sonuçları, maddi olmayan duran varlıkların kazançlar üzerindeki etkisinin 2008 mali krizi ve sonrasındaki iki dönemde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve pozitif olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Buna ek olarak, araştırma bulguları 2005 yılında UFRS'nin benimsenmesi sırasında maddi olmayan duran varlıkların kazançlar üzerinde önemli olumsuz etkileri olduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışma, gelişmekte olan bir pazar içerisinde maddi olmayan duran varlıkların kazançlar üzerindeki rolünü araştırarak literatüre katkı sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır., The purpose of this paper is primarily to explore the nature of intangible assets by testing their empirical relationship with the earnings of large Turkish listed companies over a twenty-year period spanning from 1998 to 2017. This period relates to a number of substantial occurrences including Turkey’s convergence to IFRS and global financial crises. Dynamic panel data results reveal that the effect of intangible assets on earnings is statistically significant and positive during the 2008 financial crisis and the following two periods. In addition, authors find that during the adoption of IFRS in 2005, intangible assets have significant negative impact on earnings. The research findings provide empirical input for broader perspectives of intangible assets and demonstrates a rare account to understand the role of intangible assets on earnings in an emerging market.

International student and staff mobility, which is widely experienced worldwide, constitutes one of the most critical dimensions of the internationalization of higher education. The Erasmus program, initiated by the European Union, plays a significant role in increasing mobility, especially between European countries. Turkey is one of these countries that benefit significantly from the Erasmus program, and the Program became a driving force for Turkish universities to accelerate internationalization. In this study, quantitative research was conducted to evaluate the perceptions of international office professionals (IPs) on the impact of the Erasmus Program and institutional structures in the universities to administer internationalizaiton. 126 IPs working in international offices of Turkish universities representing public and foundation universities participated in the study. The survey results revealed that IPs believe in the positive impacts of the Erasmus student and staff mobility on the institutionalization of internationalization in their universities, and most universities in Turkey include internationalization in their strategic plan as one of the priorities. On the other hand, IPs stated that institutional support given to their offices by top management and other stakeholders is not sufficient to administer internationalization. Moreover, the T-test results between public and foundation universities revealed that developing internationalization is a more important priority for foundation universities than the public ones.

The study aims to examine postgraduate dissertations in the areas of social entrepreneurship, social entrepreneurship in tourism and entrepreneurship in tourism published in Turkey, the United Kingdom, and the United States through bibliometric analysis. In the study, a total of 126 doctoral dissertations published between 2015-2020 were reached through Proquest Dissertations, YÖK National Dissertations Center, EThOS British Library and EBSCO Dissertations databases. Theses published since 2015 are included in the scope since social entrepreneurship has started to be recognized in doctoral dissertations. The obtained dissertations were discussed in line with parameters of country where the dissertations were prepared, type of the dissertations, publication year of the dissertations, university where the dissertations were prepared, field of study of the dissertations, and research method used in the dissertations. In conclusion, it was found that Turkey was behind the United Kingdom and the United States in terms of quantity of doctoral dissertations published about social entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship in tourism. Social entrepreneurship in tourism has been found to be a current issue that needs to be researched and has a literature gap for all three countries.

215 taxa have been identified from different localities of Yenice (Karabük) District between 2012-2014 years.As a result of the field and laboratory studies, 32 taxa belonging to 21 genera, 14 families from Ascomycota, 183 taxa belonging to 107 genera, 44 families, from Basidiomycota were determined. According to the present literature on the macrofungi, two taxa are new records for the Turkish macrofungi. These are Hygrocybe substrangulata (P.D. Orton) P.D. Orton & Watling and Hygrophorus atramentosus (Alb. & Schwein.) H. Haas & R. Haller Aar. ex Bon., Karabük İli Yenice İlçesi ve çevresindeki farklı lokalitelerden 2012-2014 yılları arasında 215 takson teşhis edilmiştir. Arazi ve laboratuar çalışmaları sonucunda; Ascomycota bölümünden 14 familya, 21 cinse ait 32 takson, Basidiomycota bölümünden 44 familya, 107 cinse ait 183 takson tespit edilmiştir. Makromantarlarla ilgili mevcut literatüre göre, iki takson Hygrocybe substrangulata (P.D. Orton) P.D. Orton & Watling ve Hygrophorus atramentosus (Alb. & Schwein.) H. Haas & R. Haller Aar. ex Bon türleri Türkiye için yeni kayıt olarak belirlenmiştir.

2012-2021 döneminde Türkiye’deki ölümlü yaralanmalı trafik kazalarını, coğrafi açıdan incelenmeyi amaçlayan bu çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular şunlardır: Belirtilen dönemde Türkiye’de 1.710.652 ölümlü yaralanmalı trafik kazası meydana gelmiştir. Bu trafik kazalarında 55.592 kişi ölmüştür. Trafik kazası sebebiyle hayatını kaybedenlerin sayısı, neredeyse Grönland’ın 2020 yılındaki nüfusu kadardır. Kazalarda hayatını kaybedenlerin %77,12’si erkek, %22,88’i ise kadındır. Bu durum ülkede doğuştan beklenen ortalama yaşam süresinin erkeklerde kısa olmasının en önemli sebeplerinden birinin, trafik kazaları olduğunu göstermektedir. Yine bu trafik kazalarında 2.827.769 kişi de yaralanmıştır. Trafik kazalarında yaralanan insan sayısı ise neredeyse Arnavutluk’un 2020 yılındaki nüfusu kadardır. Trafik kazaları; en fazla %31,08 ile yaz, en az ise %19,09 ile kış mevsiminde meydana gelmiştir. Kazaların %75,82’si yerleşim yeri içinde, %24,18’i ise yerleşim yeri dışında gerçekleşmiştir. Kazalara karışan araçlar içinde de en büyük payı, %51,49 ile otomobiller almıştır. Buna göre trafik kazalarını azaltmak için gerek kamu ve gerekse vatandaşlar açısından yapılması gereken şey, toplu taşımaya öncelik verilmesidir. Milyon nüfus başına düşen kaza ortalamasının ülkede en yüksek olduğu illerse sırasıyla; Muğla, Kilis ve Burdur’dur., The findings obtained from this study, which aims to examine the fatal accidents and the accidents resulting in injuries in Turkey between the period of 2012-2021 geographically, are as follows: During the specified period, there were 1,710,652 traffic accidents with death and injury in Turkey. 55,592 people died in these traffic accidents. The number of people who lost their lives due to traffic accidents is almost as much as the population of Greenland in 2020. 77.12% of those who lost their lives in accidents are men and 22.88% are women. This shows that traffic accidents are one of the most important reasons for the short life expectancy at birth for men in the country. 2,827,769 people were injured in these traffic accidents. The number of people injured in traffic accidents is almost the same as the population of Albania in 2020. Traffic accidents occurred in summer with a maximum of 31.08% and in winter with a minimum of 19.09%. 75.82% of the accidents took place inside the residential zones and 24.18% occurred outside the residential zones. Among the vehicles involved in the accidents, automobiles took the biggest share with 51.49%. Accordingly, in order to reduce traffic accidents, what needs to be done by both the public and the citizens is to give priority to public transportation. The provinces with the highest accident rate per million population in the country are respectively; Muğla, Kilis and Burdur.

Bu çalışmada, Covid-19 kapanma sürecinde üniversite öğrencilerinin okul tükenmişliği ve kaygı düzeylerinin bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. İlişkisel ve karşılaştırmalı tarama yöntemine dayalı olarak yapılan araştırmada üniversite öğrencilerinin tükenmişlik ve kaygı düzeyleri, cinsiyet, sınıf düzeyi, kariyer beklentisi ve akademik başarı değişkenlerine göre karşılaştırılmıştır. Ayrıca, üniversite öğrencilerinin okul tükenmişlikleri ve kaygı düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiler ilişkisel tarama yöntemi ile açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini Konya ve Kırklareli illerinde öğrenim gören 399 üniversite öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma verilerinin toplanmasında Okul Tükenmişlik Envanteri ve Durumluk-Sürekli Kaygı ölçekleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre üniversite öğrencilerinin Covid-19 sürecinde okul tükenmişliklerinin ortalama değerlerde olduğu, durumluk ve sürekli kaygılarının ise ortalamanın altında olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca üniversite öğrencilerinin okul tükenmişliği ve kaygı düzeyleri cinsiyet, sınıf düzeyi, akademik başarı ve kariyer beklentisi değişkenlerine göre anlamlı olarak farklılaştığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca üniversite öğrencilerinin okul tükenmişlikleri ve kaygı düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Araştırma için etik kurul onayı Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Etik Kurulu'ndan 18.06.2021 (No: 2021/361) tarihinde alınmıştır., In this study, it was aimed to examine university students' higher education burnout and anxiety levels in terms of some variables during the Covid-19 lockdown. In the study, based on correlational and comparative survey method, the burnout and anxiety levels of university students were compared according to the variables of gender, grade level, career expectation, and academic achievement. In addition, the relationship between school burnout and anxiety levels of university students was tried to be explained with the correlational research design. The sample of the study consists of 399 university students studying in Konya and Kırklareli. School Burnout Inventory and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were used to collect data. According to the research findings, the school burnout of university students during the Covid-19 process was found to be at average values, and their state and trait anxiety were below the average. In addition, university students' school burnout and anxiety levels significantly differed according to gender, grade level, academic achievement, and career expectation variables. Besides, the relationships between school burnout and anxiety levels of university students were found. Ethics committee approval was obtained for the research from the Ethics Committee of Necmettin Erbakan University on 18.06.2021 (No: 2021/361).

In this study, we analyse the impact of uncertainty on the corporate investment of 164 Turkish manufacturing firms. The time covers the period from 2005 to 2019. Our results reveal that there is a negative association between corporate investment and uncertainty. Under uncertainty, firms opt to decline their investment. Additionally, financially constrained (non-dividend payers) firms are negatively affected more than financially unconstrained firms. The use of alternative measurements of uncertainty and investment ensures the validity of our results. Policymakers should deal with the uncertainty and implement economic policies to decrease the country’s risk premium.

Objective: To evaluate the serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance in pneumococcal infections in adults and to provide a perspective regarding serotype coverage of both current and future pneumococcal vaccines. Patients and methods: This passive surveillance study was conducted with the Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from the specimens of patients with pneumonia (materials isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage), bacteraemia, meningitis, pleuritis and peritonitis between 2015 and 2018. Serogrouping and serotyping were performed by latex particle agglutination and by conventional Quellung reaction using commercial type-specific antisera, respectively. The strains were analysed for penicillin, cefotaxime, erythromycin and moxifloxacin susceptibilities by E-test. Results: In the whole study group (410 samples from adults aged ≥18 years), the most frequent serotypes were 3 (14.1%), 19 F (12%) and 1 (9.3%). The vaccine coverage for PCV13, PCV15, PCV20 and PPV23 was 63.9%, 66.6%, 74.1% and 75.9%, respectively, in all isolates. Penicillin non-susceptibility in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) was 70.8% and 57.1% in the patients aged

This article investigates active aging as a tool of governing the aging population at the municipal level. Using Foucault’s framework of governmentality, it explores the techniques of governing aging via the construction of the desirable older subjectivity, reflecting upon the role of the family in caregiving. Conducting in-depth interviews with municipal officials in charge of aging programs, we illustrated that, despite regional differences in socio-economic development levels connected to urban/modernized and rural/traditional cultural frames, all municipalities in our study embrace active aging in which older people are responsibilized for leading an active life to avoid being a burden on the family. We argue that neoliberal active aging discourses are mobilized to substitute the decreasing welfare function of conservative familialism in Turkey and the individualistic self-technologies are instrumentalized for familialist conducts. This reveals that the coexistence of multiple rationalities in the governing process can unsettle habitual consistencies between problematizations, conducts and self-technologies.

This article aims to analyze the foreign policy of the Refahyol government which was formed after the 1995 general elections due to the inability of the Anayol government to continue, starting in July 1996 and lasting 11 months. The foreign policies that will be implemented after the coalition government formed under the leadership of Necmettin Erbakan have caused various concerns at home and abroad. Here, the assessments were made in the light of the information and documents that have come to this day about the extent to which the concerns that occurred after the actions of the Refahyol government occurred or did not occur. After the technical and documentary analysis conducted in our study, the tradition of the Republic of Turkey with the institutional structures of the state, civil society, free press, distinguished statesmen and foreign policy experts trained (ambassador, attache ); and established, regardless of the ideological inclinations of the government in foreign policy, the authority to decide on their own is limited. In addition, in coalition governments, it has been seen that other parties or parties that make up the government have different views, leaders are concerned about a vote of confidence, and they make decisions based on a more common opinion in foreign policy. In this direction, it was concluded that Turkish foreign policy was formed within the framework of a realist rational-actor approach during the period of Refahyol, and that the decision-making process was in accordance with Allison’s model of “bureaucratic politics”., Bu makalede, 1995 genel seçimlerinden sonra kurulan Anayol hükümetinin devam edememesi ile kurulan Refahyol hükümetinin, Temmuz 1996’da başlayıp, 11 ay süren dış politikalarının analizinin yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Necmettin Erbakan liderliğinde kurulan koalisyon hükümeti sonrasında uygulanacak olan dış politikalar yurtiçinde ve yurtdışında çeşitli endişelere yol açmıştır. Burada, Refahyol hükümetinin icraatları sonrası oluşan endişenlerin ne ölçüde gerçekleştiği veya gerçekleşmediği ile ilgili günümüze gelen bilgi ve belgeler ışığında değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır.Çalışmamızda yapılan teknik ve dökümante analizler sonrasında, devlet geleneğine sahip Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin kurumsal yapıları, sivil toplum örgütleri, özgür basını, yetişmiş değerli devlet adamları ve dış politika uzmanları (büyükelçi, ateşe) ile; kurulan hükümetlerin ideolojik eğilimleri ne olursa olsun dış politikalarda tek başlarına karar verme yetkileri sınırlı kalmaktadır. Ayrıca koalisyon hükümetlerinde hükümeti oluşturan digger parti veya partilerin farklı görüşlerinin olması, liderlerin güvenoyu endişesi taşıması ile dış politikalarda daha çok ortak görüşe dayalı kararlar verdikleri görülmüştür. Bu doğrultuda Türk dış politikasının Refahyol döneminde realist rasyonel-aktör yaklaşım çerçevesinde şekillendiğini, karar alma sürecinin ise Allison’un “bürokratik siyaset” modeline uygun olduğu sonucuna erişilmiştir.

Tarihi yapılar gerek inşa sürecindeki yerel malzeme kullanımı, yapım tekniği, işçilik ve detay özellikleri gerekse bulundukları yerleşim, iklim ve topoğrafyayla olan uyumları göz önüne alındığında doğası gereği yaşam döngüsü boyunca sürdürülebilir özellikler göstermektedir. Artan çevre duyarlılığına bağlı olarak ürün, yapı ve bölge ölçeğinde kaynakların verimli kullanımının önemi artmış, özellikle son on yıldır döngüsel ekonomi kavramı sıkça tartışılır olmuştur. Bu araştırmada, kültür varlıkları ve mimari korumanın sürdürülebilirlikle ilişkisi ve üretim, tüketim ve üst geri dönüşümün temelini oluşturduğu döngüsel ekonomiye katkısı araştırılmış, Türkiye’deki kültür varlıkları örnekleminde tartışılmıştır. Çeşitli gerekçelerle özgün işlevini yitiren tarihi yapıların yeniden kullanımı, adaptasyonu, yaşam döngüsünü tamamladığında dahi devşirme malzemelerle başka yapılarda yeniden hayat bulması, beşikten beşiğe tasarımın ve döngüselliğe katkılarının en önemli göstergeleridir. Bu araştırma, döngüsel ekonomi ve mimari koruma kavramlarının değerlerin korunması ve sürdürülmesi ortak amaçlarına sahip olduğunu açıkça göstermektedir. Ayrıca Türkiye’deki bu yapıların sürdürülebilirliğe ve döngüsel ekonomiye katkıları bakımından değerlendirilmesi, kültürel miras yönetimi ve ekonomik, sosyal, kültürel kalkınma için önemli ve gereklidir., Considering both the use of local materials, construction techniques, workmanship, and details during the construction phase and their harmony with the settlement, climate, and topography in which they are located, historical buildings show sustainable features throughout their life cycle by nature. Depending on the increasing environmental awareness, the importance of efficient use of resources at the scale of products, structures and regions have increased, and the concept of circular economy has been frequently discussed especially in the last ten years. In this research, the relationship between the sustainability of cultural properties and architectural conservation and its contribution to the circular economy, which is the basis of production, consumption, and upper recycling, was investigated and has been discussed with the cases of cultural properties in Turkey. The reuse and adaptation of historic buildings that have lost their original function for various reasons, and the fact that they come back to life in other buildings with spolia materials even when they have completed their life cycle, are the most important indicators of the design from cradle to cradle and its contribution to circularity. This research clearly shows that the concepts of circular economy and architectural conservation have common aims of preserving and sustaining values. In addition, the evaluation of these properties in Turkey, in terms of their contribution to sustainability and circular economy is important for both qualified cultural heritage management, and economic, social, and cultural development.

Purpose: Present evidence suggests that early detection and correct management is an essential part of scoliosis treatment. Therefore, the physiotherapists and physiotherapy students must have adequate knowledge of scoliosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the current knowledge of physiotherapists and physiotherapy students in Turkey on scoliosis. Methods: A previously designed questionnaire based on International Society on Scoliosis Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Treatment (SOSORT) guideline consists of two sections was used in this study. The first section included eight questions to evaluate the knowledge level on the definition, cause, development, prevalence, diagnosis, treatment, and bracing of scoliosis. The second section included three multiple-choice questions to analyze the participants’ opinions on exercises for scoliosis. All Turkish universities offering physiotherapy degrees and graduated physiotherapists from certain social media groups were invited to participate in the study. Results: 649 physiotherapists and 497 students completed the questionnaire. Scoliosis is recognized as a 3-dimensional deformity of the spine by 39.8% of the students and 57.2% of the physiotherapists. Only 19.5% of the students and 30.7% of the physiotherapists correctly identified the diagnostic criteria for scoliosis. For therapeutic exercise, 48.7% of the students and 61.3% percent of the physiotherapists identified the appropriate approach, and also 57.3% of the students and 62.6% of the physiotherapists correctly identified the bracing recommendations. Conclusion: Results of this study showed that physiotherapists and physiotherapy students do not have sufficient knowledge of scoliosis. Action needs to be taken to improve the awareness and basic knowledge level of scoliosis. Amaç: Güncel kanıtlar, erken teşhis ve doğru yönlendirmenin skolyoz tedavisinin önemli bir parçası olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu nedenle fizyoterapistlerin ve fizyoterapi öğrencilerinin skolyoz konusunda yeterli bilgiye sahip olmaları gerekir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'deki fizyoterapistlerin ve fizyoterapi öğrencilerinin skolyoz hakkındaki güncel bilgilerini değerlendirmektir. Yöntem: Çalışmada Uluslararası Skolyoz Ortopedik Tedavi ve Rehabilitasyon Derneği (Society on Scoliosis Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Treatment - SOSORT) kılavuzu temel alınarak hazırlanan 2 bölümden oluşan online bir anket kullanılmıştır. İlk bölüm skolyozun tanımı, nedenleri, gelişimi, prevalansı, tanısı ve tedavisi hakkında genel bilgi düzeyini değerlendiren 8 sorudan; ikinci bölüm ise skolyoz için egzersizler hakkındaki görüşleri değerlendiren çoktan seçmeli 3 sorudan oluşmaktadır. Lisans düzeyinde fizyoterapi eğitimi alan öğrenciler ve mezun fizyoterapistler sosyal medya grupları kullanılarak çalışmaya katılmaya davet edilmiştir. Sonuçlar: 649 fizyoterapist ve 497 öğrenci anketi tamamlamıştır. Skolyoz, öğrencilerin %39,8'i ve fizyoterapistlerin %57,2'si tarafından omurganın 3 boyutlu bir deformitesi olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Öğrencilerin sadece %19,5'i ve fizyoterapistlerin sadece %30,7'si skolyoz için tanı kriterlerini doğru bir şekilde tanımlamıştır. Terapötik egzersiz için öğrencilerin %48,7'si ve fizyoterapistlerin %61,3'ü uygun yaklaşımları tanımlamıştır ve öğrencilerin %57,3'ü ve fizyoterapistlerin %62,6'sı korse kullanımı önerilerini doğru bir şekilde tanımlamıştır. Tartışma: Bu çalışmanın sonuçları fizyoterapistlerin ve fizyoterapi öğrencilerinin skolyoz hakkında yeterli bilgi düzeyine sahip olmadığını ortaya koymuştur. Skolyoz farkındalığını ve temel bilgi düzeyini arttırmak için harekete geçilmesi gerekmektedir.

The current research aimed to search the impacts of restaurant attributes on satisfaction, and the impacts of satisfaction on storytelling in restaurants. The data was obtained from 226 academicians and administrators of 8 universities which were both public and private in Gaziantep, Hatay, Şanlıurfa, and Adana provinces of Turkey. The results revealed that food attributes, employees, and physical environment positively affect customer satisfaction. The results also revealed that satisfaction is a significant determinant of storytelling intention.

Persistent infection with high-risk (HR) Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) genotypes has been shown to play a significant role in the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and CC (cervical cancer). The present study aimed to determine the distribution and quantification of viral load of HPV genotypes in numerous genital samples obtained from women undergoing routine gynaecological care in different regions of Turkey.HPV typing was done by HPV QUANT-21 Quantitative RT-PCR Kit®, which is intended for the specific identification and quantification of low-risk (HPV 6, 11, 44) and high-risk (HPV 16, 18, 26, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, 73, 82) from female subjects in Turkey.From the total of 5975 samples, 2777 were positive for at least one HPV genotype, with an overall frequency of 46.4%. 1695 patients were positive for only one or more LR-HPV genotypes (61%) and 812 patients were positive for one or more HR-HPV genotypes (29%). The frequency of LR-HPV genotypes was 31.4%, while the frequency of HR-HPV genotypes was 118.8%. Our tecnology had a positive advantage to calculate the concentration of each genotypes. Although genotype 52 ranked fifth in frequency, it showed the highest mean concentration, with a value of 5.38 log (copies/sample).The presence and genotype of viruses before HPV vaccination have also gained importance. The data obtained would provide guidance for prevention strategies, mainly of vaccination. We decided to add a new estimate to the effectiveness of currently available HPV vaccines and the development of screening programs to prevent and decrease the incidence of CC in Turkey. Further studies would be planned to measure and define the high infection level that can lead to the development of cervical neoplasia. Using this tecnology could give us a clinical desicion to degree the cytological changes.

Frequent changes in fiscal policies are the main cause of credit risk. To prevent households from increasing their non-performing loans, the government can use various policies and instruments. One of these tools is tax regulations, with a particular focus on the value-added tax. This paper examines whether tax policies have affected non-performing household loans in Turkey over the period from 2017 to 2021. To acquire meaningful empirical results, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) cointegration model have been applied. The results of analysis indicated that the effect of tax regulations on non-performing household loans is quite strong. It can be demonstrated that the strength of the income effect generated by tax cuts might be robust.

Drosophila suzukii Matsumura 1931 (Diptera: Drosophilidae) yumuşak dokulu meyvelere zarar veren önemli bir karantina zararlısıdır. Hızlı yayılma gücüne sahip olan zararlı ile etkin mücadelenin temelini zararlının biyolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle 2019 yılında ele alınan çalışmada D. suzukii’nin gelişme süreleri altı sabit (10, 15, 20, 25, 30 ve 35±1 °C), iki değişken (15/25 ve 25/35±1 °C) sıcaklık, %65±10 oransal nem ve 16:8 (Aydınlık: Karanlık) ışıklanma koşullarına sahip iklimlendirme odalarında belirlenmiştir. Aynı zamanda D. suzukii’nin tercih ettiği meyve olgunluk döneminin belirlenmesi çalışması da (25±1 °C) sabit sıcaklıkta %65±10 oransal nem ve 16:8 (Aydınlık: Karanlık) ışıklanma koşullarına sahip iklim dolabında yürütülmüştür. Çalışma sonucunda 10 °C’de 33-38, 15 °C’de 18-23, 20 °C’de 12-14, 25 °C’de 8-9 ve 15/25 °C’de 13-20 günde D. suzukii yumurtadan ergin hale gelirken, 30, 35 ve 25/35 °C sıcaklıklarda biyolojikbir gelişme görülmemiştir. Diğer taraftan D. suzukii’nin meyveyi tercih ettiği olgunluk dönemini belirlemek amacı ile kiraz meyvesinin yeşil/ sarı / kırmızı / koyu kırmızı gibi farklı fenolojik dönemlerinde tercihli ve tercihsiz olarak deneme kurulmuştur. Tercihli olarak kurulan denemede kırmızı meyve döneminde %60, koyu kırmızı meyve döneminde %90 oranında vuruk tespit edilirken, tercihsiz olarak kurulan denemede ise kırmızı meyve döneminde % 60 oranında, koyu kırmızı meyve döneminde %80 oranında vuruk tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca her iki denemede de yeşil ve sarı dönemde vuruk gözlenmemiştir. Sonuç olarak D. suzukii gelişimini sıcaklık faktörünün etkilediği ve meyveyi kırmızı dönem ile koyu kırmızı dönemde tercih ettiği tespit edilmiştir., Drosophila suzukii Matsumura 1931 (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is an important quarantine pest that damages soft tissue fruits. Determining the biological characteristics of the pest is the main element of effective control with the pest, which has the ability to spread rapidly. Therefore, in the study discussed in 2019, the development of D. suzukii was determined by six constant (10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35±1 °C), two variable (15/25 and 25/35±1 °C) temperatures. , 65±10% relative humidity and 16:8 (Light: Dark) lighting conditions were determined in air-conditioning rooms. At the same time, the study of determining the preferred fruit maturity period of D. suzukii was carried out at a constant temperature (25±1 °C) in a climate cabinet with 65±10% relative humidity and 16:8 (Light: Dark) lighting conditions. As a result of the study, D. suzukii from egg to adult at 33-38 days at 10 °C, 18-23 days at 15 °C, 12-14 days at 20 °C, 8-9 days at 25 °C and 13-20 days at 15/25 °C has become. However, no development was observed in their biological stages at 30, 35 and 25/35 °C. On the other hand, in order to determine the maturity period in which D. suzukii prefers the fruit, the experiment was established with and without preference in different phenological periods of the cherry fruit such as green / yellow / red / dark red. In the preferential set-up trial, 60% of the red fruit stage and 90% of the dark red fruit stage were found to be rough, and in the non-preferential set-up trial, 60% of the red fruit stage and 80% of the dark red fruit stage were determined. In addition, no damage was observed in the green and yellow periods in both experiments. As a result, in the development of D. suzukii, temperature is important factor and it has been determined that the fruit is preferred in the red period and the dark red period.

To assess the effects of cognitive emotion regulation, emotional intelligence status and related factors on postpartum depression (PPD) in postpartum women.This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in 268 mothers with babies aged 1-12 months. The study was carried out between 01 November 2021 and 01 February 2022 in the pediatric outpatient clinic of the Medical Faculty Hospital of a province in the Central Anatolian Region of Turkey. Data were collected using the sociodemographic and obstetric data collection form, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire-Short Form (CERQ), and Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form (TEIQue-SF).Seventy-one (26.5 %) mothers received scores above the cut-off point (13) in the depression scale. Experiencing emotional violence, having cognitive emotion regulation difficulties, and low emotional intelligence characteristics affected the risk of developing postpartum depression by 16 % (F = 13.757, p 0.001).Exposure to emotional violence, cognitive emotion regulation, and emotional intelligence status reveal that they are important in identifying women at risk of PPD. These findings highlight the need for nurses to develop comprehensive cognitive emotion regulation and emotional intelligence traits assessment programs, including depression screening.

Labidostomis decipiens Faldermann, 1837 specimens collected from Ankara, Konya and Mersin, which were donated to the Nazife Tuatay museum by Prof. Dr. Halil Kasap, were examined. The paper presents morphological features of aedeagus and spermatheca of Labidostomis decipiens Faldermann, 1837 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Clytrinae) from Turkey for the first time. Accordingly, detailed investigations of aedeagus and spermatheca are very important to obtain new diagnostic characters in Labidostomis. Photos in stereo microscope are also given in the text.

The aim of this study was to identify the fungi associated with Turkish hazelnuts and verify and confirm the role of Diaporthe in causing kernel defects. Hazelnuts were sampled from 10 hazelnut orchards in seven Turkish provinces (Samsun, Ordu, Girensun, Trabzon, Sakarya, Düzce, and Zonguldak) during the early and full ripening stages in 2018, 2019, and 2020. Fungal isolation and identification at the genus level were performed for healthy hazelnut kernels and those with visible or hidden defects. Several fungal genera were isolated; those with a mean incidence greater than 10% were Aspergillus, Botryosphaeria, Diaporthe, Fusarium, and Penicillium. The incidence of Diaporthe spp. was higher in the full ripening stage than in the early ripening stage; it was also higher in kernels with defects than in healthy kernels. A similar pattern was observed for Botryosphaeria, but the opposite pattern was observed for Aspergillus. Diaporthe positively correlated with both hidden (ρ = 0.80) and visible defects (ρ = 0.77), confirming its key role in causing hazelnut defects. The role of Botryosphaeria appears limited to hidden defects; however, additional work is needed to substantiate this last finding. There is also a need to clarify the eventual interaction of Diaporthe with Aspergillus. The low incidence of defective hazelnuts among the 3 years of sampling precluded the role of meteorological factors in the incidence of hazelnut defects from being elucidated.

This paper discusses the impact of divorce on middle and high school students' education. Considering the recent rise in the proportion of divorce and the students drop-out of school in UK, and Turkey,1,2 it is crucial to write about this topic to raise awareness of parents, teachers, counselors, social workers about it, and to contribute to the ongoing discussions about the impact of divorce on different age group of people. The main aim of this paper is to explain the concept of divorce, its impact on middle and high school students and also to provide school and parents based prevention strategies as well as school counselor and intervention techniques. By doing so, the paper anticipates to draw the attention of parents, schools, school counselors, and researchers considering this significant problem. The paper starts with a brief definition of divorce, followed by divorce impacts on middle and high school students, prevention strategies, and some intervention techniques that could be applied by teachers, school counselors, and parents to minimize the psychological effect of divorce on students from divorced parents

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the demographic and clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of children with Salmonella gastroenteritis. Methodology: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of pediatric patients aged between 1 month and 18 years with the diagnosis of Salmonella gastroenteritis between May 2015 and December 2021. Results: A total of 172 children diagnosed with Salmonella gastroenteritis, including 113 outpatients and 59 hospitalized children, were included in this study. There were 95 (55.2%) males and 77 (44.8%) females with a median age of 59.5 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 33.5–96 months, min–max: 1–205 months). The most common clinical symptoms were diarrhea (n = 166, 96.5%), fever (n = 113, 65.7%) and abdominal pain (n = 73, 42.4%). Bloody diarrhea was seen in 19.2% of patients. Fifty (29.1%) of the Salmonella species could not be typed. Serogroup D (n = 106, 61.6%) was the predominant serogroup isolated from stool cultures, followed by serogroup B (n = 16, 9.3%). 62.2% of the isolates were susceptible to ampicillin, 97.7% to ciprofloxacin, 98.8% to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and 98.8% to ceftriaxone. Fever, vomiting, and underlying disease occurred more frequently in hospitalized patients than in outpatients (p: 0.005, p: 0.000, p: 0.000, respectively). C-reactive protein value was found to be higher in hospitalized patients (p: 0.000). Conclusions: Salmonella should be considered as a causative agent in pediatric patients with abdominal pain, fever, and bloody-mucous diarrhea, and patients with severe clinical conditions should be hospitalized and antibiotic therapy initiated if indicated.

The main indicators affecting short and longterm macroeconomic stability are budget deficits, current account deficit and savings deficits expressed as savings-investment imbalance. In the literature of Economics and Finance, there are many national and international studies on Twin Deficits Hypothesis. The triple deficit is also the balance of imbalance. The Triple Deficit Hypothesis is based on the relationship between the budget balance expressed as internal balance and the balance of savings and the current account balance representing the external balance. As with twin deficits, triple deficit can cause a financial crisis through many channels. The main purpose of this study is to create a Triple Deficit Pressure Index for Turkey in 1998 -2019 period. The Speculative Pressure Index developed by Eichengreen et al. (1996) is taken as model to create the Triple Deficit Pressure Index (TPI). Because this model formed the basis for the development of new indices later on. In addition, leading indicators that cause financial crises are investigated using the Triple Deficit Pressure Index. The study proves that Triple Deficit Pressure Index is valid in Turkey. In addition, there is one-way Granger causality for the Triple Deficit Pressure Index.

BANDWAGONING AS AN ELEMENT OF TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF RUSSIAN-TURKISH RELATIONS) Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, Turkey and Russia have developed relations at various levels. Trade was one of them, and Russia is one of Turkey’s leading suppliers. Trade in energy carriers occupies a central position in the exchange between the two countries. In addition to these long-term economic factors, a new series of common political interests have emerged in the past few years between Moscow and Ankara, and more specifically between their presidents. The Russian president played his cards wisely when Turkey felt insufficiently supported by the West in the face of international and domestic threats, paradoxically after the Turkish army shot down a Russian jet in 2015 and in the context of the failed coup in Turkey in 2016. The suspicion of both leaders towards the USA and the world of Western values brought them closer to each other, and the aforementioned events made the foundations of Turkish-Russian cooperation take on a personal character. Behaviorism in relations between the two capitals is best seen in the conflict in Syria, Libya and Nagorno-Karabakh.

The main source of animosity in modern Turkish–Armenian relations is the debate on the international recognition of the Armenian genocide. To provide an evidence-based and thorough perspective on the Turkish political stance in this discussion, this article explores all the relevant speeches in Turkish parliamentary records. It pays particular attention to political parties’ stances, the historical evolution of the debate, and the significance of the individual profiles of parliamentarians who contributed to the discussion. The findings show that most political parties in Turkey articulated versions of denial, except for a few marginal anti-denial voices. The study concludes that while political parties’ ideological orientations predominantly shape the Turkish debate on the international recognition of the Armenian genocide, historical contexts, local memories, and the individual backgrounds of parliamentarians seem to inspire minor variations in their tones. © 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. WOS:000888994900001 2-s2.0-85142381143 Social Sciences Citation Index Q1 Article Uluslararasi isbirligi ile yapilmayan - HAYIR 2022 YÖK - 2022-23 Kasim

Blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) are of great importance in forensic entomology and in determining the minimum post-mortem interval, as they may be the first group of insects to colonize decomposing remains. Reliable species identification is an essential prerequisite. Classically, morphological characters or DNA sequences are used for this purpose. However, depending on the species and the condition of the specimen, this can be difficult, e.g., in the case of empty fly puparia. Recent studies have shown that cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles are species-specific in necrophagous taxa and represent another promising tool for identification. However, the population-specific variability of these substances as a function of e.g., local climatic parameters has not yet been sufficiently investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the geographical variation of CHC profiles of the blowfly Calliphora vicina (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) depending on different countries of origin. Flies were reared in the United Kingdom, Germany, and Turkey in common garden experiments under ambient conditions. CHC profiles of the resulting adult flies and their empty puparia were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Data were visualized by principal component analysis and clustered by population. The populations of the United Kingdom and Germany, both having similar climates and being geographically close to each other, showed greater similarities in CHC profiles. However, the CHC profile of the Turkish population, whose climate is significantly different from the other two populations, was very different. Our study confirms the high potential of CHC analysis in forensic entomology but highlights the need to investigate geographical variability in chemical profiles.

Offending and incarceration are important societal problems that might be reduced by improving early intervention. Most prior work identifying risk factors has focussed on early oppositional or aggressive behaviours and environmental problems. Among adults, it is well recognised that offenders have much poorer health than the wider population. This raises questions about whether behaviours that put health at risk while a teenager may also be good markers of subsequent offending.To examine the relationship between risky health behaviours and delinquency by comparing male teenage offenders with a history of incarceration and male teenagers with no criminal involvement.In this cross-sectional study, 66 male 12-18-year-old offenders with an incarceration history who were referred for evaluation to the Forensic Medicine Polyclinic in 2021 were compared with 74 similar aged adolescents without a criminal record but attending another clinic in the same hospital, using the Risky Health Behaviour Scale (RHBS). This covers dietary, road safety and sexual behaviours as well as exercise, substance use and violent behaviours. Negative items were reverse scored so that higher scores indicated more pro-health activities.Total RHBS scores were significantly lower among the offender-group than the comparison teenagers (Means 93.19 ± 17.00: 107.20 ± 10.83; p ≤ 0.001). This reflected significant differences in each of the subscale scores except dietary and risky sexual behaviour. Only substance use behaviours, however, were independently related to offender group membership, as was family socio-economic status.Our findings add indications of risky health-related behaviours to the already extensive literature on risky social behaviours in the history of young offenders. It is possible that focussing on young offenders referred to a health service, albeit one primarily directed at mental health, has exaggerated such differences, but if substantiated in larger and more diverse samples, these findings may open new avenues for early identification of young people at risk of offending and commensurate early interventions. Focus on substance use by young people seems especially important, but low family socio-economic status needs remedies too.

Objective The study's objective was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the smoking rationalization scale. Methods The methodological study included 261 participants who met the inclusion criteria. Data was gathered using the Social-demographics Questionnaire and the Smoking Rationalization Scale. Language and content validity, confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, item-total score correlation, split-half reliability analysis, floor and ceiling effects, and test-retest reliability methods were used in the scale's validity-reliability analysis. Results The SRS has six factors, according to the results of exploratory factor analysis. Its six-factor structure was confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis. The Cronbach's coefficients were determined to be 0.91 for the whole scale and between 0.56 and 0.82 for the subscales. Furthermore, item-total correlations and test-retest analysis of the scale showed a high correlation. Conclusions It was determined that the Turkish version of the smoking rationalization scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool for determining attitudes and beliefs about rationalizing smoking.

This study investigates why and how entrepreneurial municipalism is manifested in the case of Turkey despite limited local government autonomy and capacity in the area of migration governance. This article suggests four entrepreneurial strategies to understand and explain the variation in municipal practices: local networking, community engagement, organizational adaptation, and city branding. The most common strategies adopted by municipalities are local networking and community engagement often based on external funding alternatives that bring rapid and locally contingent, yet less durable and future-oriented solutions to challenges of forced displacement in urban settings. Against this background, this article highlights the importance of pathways that cultivate a culture of diversity and inclusion in the context of sustainable local integration by investing more resources in organizational adaptation and city branding. Finally, this study suggests redefining the concept of municipal capacity in terms of performance by focusing on the entrepreneurial strategies employed by local governments in their day-to-day practices.

This article investigates the interplay between liberal norms, hybridity, and illiberal peace by proposing ‘hybridity by design’ as a framework for understanding domestic agency of political actors in ‘homegrown’ peace processes. Hybridity by design refers to strategies used in peace processes that are not guided by external third parties for selectively adopting norms and practices associated with the liberal peace model while maintaining an illiberal peacemaking approach. The study focuses on the case of Turkey’s recent experience in peacemaking regarding the Kurdish conflict in two periods. First, the 2009–2015 period is analyzed as a ‘homegrown’ peace process during which ‘hybridity by design’ was the primary strategy used by the government to promote peacemaking combining liberal and illiberal norms and practices. In the post-2015 period, the government emphasized the ‘authentic’ aspects of the Kurdish issue, adopting a friend/enemy discourse, delegitimizing opponents, and rejecting negotiations as a means for solving the conflict.

Vaccine hesitancy is a growing problem globally. This study aimed to detect the rates of vaccine refusal (VR) during childhood in each province and region of Turkey from 2016 to 2017 and to evaluate the experiences of Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) managers regarding childhood VR and opinions to solve and reduce vaccine hesitancy in Turkey.VR was defined as the refusal to vaccinate for at least one vaccine in children aged 0-23 months. In this descriptive study, information on notified VR cases and recommended solutions from every province in Turkey was accessed by the local EPI manager for the period 2016-2017. The VR rates were calculated.From 80 provinces, 8977 VR cases were detected in 2016 (VR rate 3.5‰) and 14,779 cases in 2017 (VR rate 5.9‰; p0.001). One quarter of Family Health Units reported at least one case of VR. The highest VR rate in children aged under 2 years was in East Marmara (8.4‰) in 2016, and the West Anatolia Region (10.9‰) and East Marmara region (10.9‰) in 2017. Concerns about the vaccine content, harmfulness, and fears about adverse effects were the most common reasons underlying VR. Educating healthcare workers about vaccines and interpersonal communication skills, increasing patient information with informative brochures, and preventing anti-vaccination publications in the media were the most frequent recommendations to solve VR.In Turkey, VR cases continue to increase. Correct and adequate information, effective communication, and trust between healthcare workers and parents can help reduce VR.

Mothers face social and cultural obstacles to breastfeeding in public.This study evaluated the attitudes and practices of Turkish women regarding breastfeeding in public.This cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out in a university hospital among 200 new postnatal mothers and their 200 accompanying female relatives. Data were obtained using a questionnaire and the Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS).Respondents mostly believed that there was nothing wrong with breastfeed in public and almost half of them thought the society would perceive breastfeeding in public negatively. Some 56.5% of the mothers who had previously had children and 37.2% of their relatives had breastfed in public before. The acceptance of breastfeeding in public increased "if the breast is covered" and "if a private space is provided". The mean total IIFAS score was 61.53 (6.19) in the mothers and 60.65 (6.69) in their relatives. Based on IIFAS, the mothers (92.0%) and their relatives (89.5%) were neutral to breastfeeding, but age, education, employment status, and opinions regarding breastfeeding in public affected the IIFAS scores. IIFAS score was significantly higher in women who had breastfed in public before.Although the women knew the importance of breastfeeding, they mostly did not breastfeed in public because of the cultural implications and the lack of private breastfeeding areas. Awareness-raising, availability of breastfeeding rooms, and education of supporting relatives can help the increase willingness of mothers to breastfeed even if it is in public.اتجاهات الأمهات بعد الولادة وقريباتهن المرافقات من مباشرة الرضاعة الطبيعية في الأماكن العامة وممارساتهن في هذا الصدد: دراسة في أحد المستشفيات الجامعية في تركيا.إلكاي جونجور ساتيلمز، بشرا يلمز، زهرة أكار.تواجه الأمهات عقبات اجتماعية وثقافية بشأن مباشرة الرضاعة الطبيعية في الأماكن العامة.هدفت هذه الدراسة الى تقييم إتجاهات النساء التركيات إزاء مباشرة الرضاعة الطبيعية في الأماكن العامة وممارساتهن في هذا الشأن.أُجريت هذه الدراسة الوصفية المقطعية في مستشفى جامعي، وضمت 200 من الأمهات حديثات الولادة و200 من قريباتهن المرافقات. وقد جُُمِعت البيانات باستخدام استبيان ومقياس توجُّهات تغذية الرُّضَّع.غالبًا ما رأت المشارِكات في البحث أنه لا ضير ولا خطأ في مباشرة الرضاعة الطبيعية في الأماكن العامة، ولكن رأى نصفُهن تقريبًا أن المجتمع سينظر إلى مباشرة الرضاعة الطبيعية في الأماكن العامة نظرةً سلبية. وتبيََّّن أن نحو 56.5٪ من الأمهات اللاتي سبق لهن الإنجاب و37.2٪ من قريباتهن قد أرضعن أطفالهن في الأماكن العامة من قبل. وزاد تقبُّل مباشرة الرضاعة الطبيعية في الأماكن العامة في حالة «تغطية الثدي» و«توفير مكان خاص للأمر». وكان متوسط إجمالي النتيجة على مقياس توجُّهات تغذية الرُّضَّع 61.53 (6.19) لدى الأمهات و60.65 (6.69) لدى قريباتهن. وحسب مقياس توجُّهات تغذية الرُّضَّع، فإن 92.0٪ من الأمهات و89.5٪ من قريباتهن لديهن موقف محايد من مباشرة الرضاعة الطبيعية، ولكن عوامل العمر والتعليم والوضع الوظيفي والآراء المتعلقة بمباشرة الرضاعة الطبيعية في الأماكن العامة أثَّرت جميعًا على النتائج في مقياس توجُّهات تغذية الرُّضَّع. كانت النتائج على مقياس توجُّهات تغذية الرُّضَّع أعلى كثيرًا لدى النساء اللاتي سبق لهن مباشرة الرضاعة الطبيعية في الأماكن العامة.إن النساء يعرفن أهمية الرضاعة الطبيعية، ومع ذلك فإنهن في الغالب لا يُرضعن أطفالهن في الأماكن العامة بسبب العوامل الثقافية، وغياب مناطق خاصة لمباشرة الرضاعة الطبيعية. لذا يمكن لزيادة الوعي، وتوفُّر غُرَف لمباشرة الرضاعة الطبيعية، وتثقيف الأقارب الداعمين، أن يساعد في زيادة استعداد الأمهات لمباشرة الرضاعة الطبيعية، وإن كان ذلك في الأماكن العامة.Attitudes et pratiques des mères en période postnatale et de leurs accompagnatrices de l'entourage proche vis-à-vis de l'allaitement en public dans un hôpital universitaire en Turquie.Les mères font face à des obstacles sociaux et culturels concernant l'allaitement en public.La présente étude a évalué les attitudes et les pratiques des femmes turques en matière d'allaitement en public.Cette étude transversale et descriptive a été menée dans un hôpital universitaire auprès de 200 nouvelles mères en période postnatale et de leurs 200 accompagnatrices de l'entourage proche. Les données ont été obtenues au moyen d'un questionnaire et de l'échelle d'attitude à l'égard de l'alimentation des nourrissons (IIFAS).La plupart des personnes interrogées pensaient qu'il n'y avait rien de mal à allaiter en public et près de la moitié d'entre elles étaient d'avis que la société perçoit négativement l'allaitement en public. Près de 56,5 % des mères qui avaient déjà eu des enfants et 37,2 % de leurs proches avaient déjà allaité en public. L'acceptation de l'allaitement en public était renforcée « si le sein est couvert » et « si un espace privé est prévu ». Le score total moyen de l'échelle d'attitude à l'égard de l'alimentation des nourrissons était de 61,53 (6,19) chez les mères et de 60,65 (6,69) chez leurs proches. Selon cette échelle, les mères (92,0 %) et leurs proches (89,5 %) étaient neutres vis-à-vis de l'allaitement, mais l'âge, le niveau d'éducation, le statut professionnel et les opinions concernant l'allaitement en public affectaient les scores IIFAS. Ces derniers étaient significativement plus élevés chez les femmes qui avaient déjà allaité en public.Même si les femmes connaissaient l'importance de l'allaitement, elles n'allaitaient généralement pas en public en raison des implications culturelles et du manque d'espaces privés pour l'allaitement. La sensibilisation, la disponibilité de salles d'allaitement et l'éducation des proches qui soutiennent les mères peuvent contribuer à accroître la volonté des mères d'allaiter, même dans un lieu public.

The detection of hepatitis B surface antigen positivity in pregnant women before delivery is crucial to preventing mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus.This study aimed to evaluate the status and rate of testing for hepatitis B surface antigen, rate of hepatitis B surface antigen positivity, hepatitis B surface antigen positivity distribution rate by age, and changes in hepatitis B surface antigen positivity rate in pregnant women over the study period.We conducted a multicentre, cross-sectional, descriptive study covering the period January 2005 to June 2019 for 2 145 668 pregnant women from 27 provinces in all 7 regions of Turkey, collected using Microsoft Excel before statistical analysis.We found that 1 012 593 (47.1%) pregnant women were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen over the 15-year period, out of which 11 471 (1.1%) were hepatitis B surface antigen-positive. Overall, 97% of the hepatitis B surface antigen positive women were born before 1998, the year that national HBV vaccination was launched in Turkey. The rate of hepatitis B surface antigen positivity in that group was 1.1%, compared with 0.3% among women born after 1998.There was a downward trend in the hepatitis B surface antigen positivity rate among pregnant women in the younger age groups, especially among those born after universal hepatitis B vaccination was inaugurated, and low rate of HBsAg testing during pregnancy.تقييم 15 عامًا من التغييرات في معدل النتائج الإيجابية للمُستضَدِّ السطحي للالتهاب الكبدي B/ المستضد الأسترالي لدى النساء الحوامل في تركيا: التأثير البارز للتطعيم على المستوى الوطني.سلمى طوسون، عائشة أردوغان، عائش تورن، سلمى سيفر، سيبيل ألتونتاس، إلكنور يلديز، حسين كوتلو، محمد سيلان، بيمبي يسيلباج، بيهان بكتوري، نفيس أوزتوبراك، بوكيت جونجور، سيزين كوبران، جولنور كول، علي أولوت، بولنت ألتونتاش، فريق دراسة متعدد المراكز.ثمة أهمية كبرى لاكتشاف النساء الحوامل الإيجابيات للمستضدات السطحية للالتهاب الكبدي B اكتشافًا مبكرًا في مرحلة ما قبل الولادة، لتَوقِّي انتقال فيروس الالتهاب الكبدي B من الأم إلى الطفل.هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم حالة ومعدل اختبار المستضدات السطحية للالتهاب الكبدي B، ومعدل الحالات الإيجابية لهذه المستضدات، وتوزيع الحالات حسب العمر، والتغيُُّّرات في معدل النتائج الإيجابية للمستضدات لدى النساء الحوامل على امتداد فترة الدراسة.أجرينا دراسة وصفية مقطعية متعددة المراكز عن المدة من يناير/ كانون الثاني 2005 إلى يونيو/ حزيران 2019، وشملت ما مجموعه 2145668 امرأة حاملًًا من 27 محافظة في جميع المناطق السبع في تركيا، وجُُمعت البيانات باستخدام برنامج مايكروسوفت إكسيل قبل إجراء التحليل الإحصائي.وجدنا أن 1012593 امرأة حاملًًا (47.1٪) قد خضعن لاختبار المستضد السطحي للالتهاب الكبدي B على مدى 15 عامًا، وجاء بينهن 11471 عينة إيجابية (1.1٪) لهذه المستضدات. وإجمالًًا، تبيََّّن أن 97٪ من النساء الإيجابيات للمستضدات قد وُلدن قبل عام 1998، وهو العام الذي دُشِّنَ فيه التلقيح الوطني ضد فيروس التهاب الكبد B في تركيا. وبلغ معدل الإيجابية تجاه المستضدات السطحية للالتهاب الكبدي B في هذه المجموعة 1.1٪، مقارنة بنسبة 0.3٪ بين النساء اللاتي وُلدن بعد عام 1998.تبيََّّن وجود اتجاه لانخفاض في معدل النتائج الإيجابية تجاه المستضدات السطحية للالتهاب الكبدي B بين النساء الحوامل في الفئات العمرية الأصغر، ولا سيما بين أولئك اللاتي قد وُلدن بعد تدشين التطعيم الشامل ضد التهاب الكبد B، وانخفاض معدل اختبار المستضدات السطحية للالتهاب الكبدي B في أثناء الحمل.Quinze ans d'évaluation de l'évolution du taux de positivité de l'AgHBs chez les femmes enceintes en Turquie : l'effet majeur de la vaccination nationale.La détection d'une positivité à l'antigène de surface de l'hépatite B chez les femmes enceintes avant l'accouchement est cruciale pour prévenir la transmission mère-enfant du virus de l'hépatite B.La présente étude visait à évaluer le statut et le taux de dépistage de l'antigène de surface de l'hépatite B, le taux de positivité à l'antigène de surface de l'hépatite B, le taux de distribution de l'antigène de surface de l'hépatite B selon l'âge, et l'évolution du taux de positivité de l'antigène de surface de l'hépatite B chez les femmes enceintes au cours de la période d'étude.Nous avons mené une étude multicentrique, transversale et descriptive couvrant la période allant de janvier 2005 jusqu'à juin 2019 pour 2 145 668 femmes enceintes de 27 provinces dans les sept régions de Turquie, collectée à l'aide de Microsoft Excel avant l'analyse statistique.Nous avons constaté que 1 012 593 (47, 1 %) femmes enceintes avaient été testées pour l'antigène de surface de l'hépatite B au cours de cette période de 15 ans, dont 11 471 (1,1 %) étaient positives. Globalement, 97 % des femmes positives à l'antigène de surface de l'hépatite B étaient nées avant 1998, année où la vaccination nationale contre le VHB a été lancée en Turquie. Le taux de positivité à l'antigène de surface de l'hépatite B dans ce groupe était de 1,1 %, contre 0,3 % chez les femmes nées après 1998.On a constaté une tendance à la baisse du taux de positivité à l'antigène de surface de l'hépatite B chez les femmes enceintes des groupes d'âge plus jeunes, en particulier chez celles nées après le lancement de la vaccination universelle contre l'hépatite B, et un faible taux de dépistage de l'AgHBs pendant la grossesse.