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In line with the National Action Plan "IN FORM" the German Federal Ministry of Health funds the establishment of 11 regional community health promotion networks (alliances). To meet quality development standards, an external evaluation project has been established in addition to the alliances' internal evaluation. Scientific monitoring focuses on alliance-spanning investigation of quality of planning, structures and processes and uses different methods and instruments (e.g., guided interviews, analytical framework, Goal Attainment Scaling). Regional networks also receive support for their efforts to quality development. Up to now concluding analysis can be done on aspects of planning quality based on findings of the analytical framework developed within the project. 5 selected results presented in the article reveal a heterogeneous picture: on one hand the standard on which the alliances' rationales on demands justifying the project's strategy are written at is very encouraging. The situation is similar with the descriptions of the work planning and statements concerning the sustainability at which the implemented activities are aimed. On the other hand, in explaination criteria like consideration of target group's needs or definition of goals the possibilities are not exhausted yet considering the state of the debate. Hence in similar future projects there is a clear necessity of assistance in approaching these aspects, provided preferably in an early stage of the planning phase.

In der vorliegenden Studie wurden Kosten und Kosteneffektivitat von unterschiedlichen Zugangswegen zu russischsprachigen Migranten am Beispiel von Informationsveranstaltungen zur Suchtpravention untersucht: passive Kommstruktur, aktive Zugehstruktur sowie Mischstruktur (die aktive und passive Rekrutierungsstrategien kombiniert). Die Effektivitat der Zugangswege wurde uber die Anzahl der Teilnehmer sowie der erreichten Zielpersonen (mit praventiver Motivation) definiert. Die Erhebung der Effekt- und Kostendaten erfolgte bei Programmteilnehmern, Mediatoren sowie Programmkoordinatoren. Die Kommstruktur erwies sich als ineffektiv, es wurden nur 0,2 Teilnehmer je Veranstaltung erreicht. Die Kosten je Informationsveranstaltung waren bei Misch- und Zugehstruktur vergleichbar hoch (813 bzw. 792 EUR), jedoch erwies sich die Mischstruktur als effektiver und kosteneffektiver. Es wurden mehr Teilnehmer erreicht (18,9 gegenuber 15,2 Personen) und der Anteil der Zielpersonen war hoher (21% vs. 17% bei sekundarpraventiver Motivation). Bei den meisten Programmen in der Literatur sind die Rekrutierungskosten je Teilnehmer uber den passiven Zugang deutlich geringer als uber den aktiven Zugang. Die vorliegende Studie reproduziert diese Ergebnisse nicht. Eine mogliche Begrundung ist, dass die Rekrutierung bei dem sensiblen Thema Suchtpravention ein funktionierendes Netzwerk zu migrantenspezifischen Communities erfordert.

Einleitung An der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover wurde von 2004 bis 2008 das vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung geförderte Projekt „Effektivität des Zugangsweges über muttersprachliche Präventionsberater zur Optimierung des Gesundheitsverhaltens von Migranten“ durchgeführt. In Kooperation mit dem Ethno-Medizinischen Zentrum e.V., Hannover (EMZ) wurden vier Zugangswege zur Gewinnung von Teilnehmern an russisch- und türkischsprachigen Informationsveranstaltungen zu Suchtprävention untersucht.

Two patterns of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) expression were identified in brains of normotensive rats following permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO). First, a relative increase of TGF-beta1 mRNA by 37% was found at 12 h after MCAO in the ipsilateral cingulate cortex as compared to the homotopic contralateral region. The cingulate cortex is located distant from the ischemic territory. Treatment with the glutamate receptor antagonists MK-801 and NBQX did not reduce this expression (34% and 26% increase, respectively). Therefore, peri-infarct depolarization waves were probably not responsible for induction. Secondly, an increase of TGF-beta1 mRNA by 116% was found at 7 days after MCAO within infarcted tissue. This expression was not reduced by the glutamate receptor antagonists MK-801 (increase 140%) and NBQX (increase 137%), either. TGF-beta1 mRNA expression in the cingulate cortex at 12 h after MCAO is possibly mediated by neurons and astroglia and may support cell survival. Expression in the infarcted tissue at 7 days after MCAO is most likely related to the invasion of monocytes and may be involved in the downregulation of inflammatory events, in neoangiogenesis, and in formation of a glial scar around the infarct.

Das Projekt gibt auf Basis von Einwohnermeldestichproben Aufschluss uber das Gesundheits- und Praventionsverhalten von russisch- und turkischsprachigen Migranten im Vergleich zu Personen ohne Migrationshintergrund. Deutliche Unterschiede zeigen sich im Suchtverhalten sowie in der korperlichen Aktivitat.

The function of membrane phospholipids (PL) in the regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transport and GABA carrier binding has been investigated in organized cultures of rat cerebral cortex. The cellular lipid composition has been changed by growing the cells in a delipidated nutrient solution or by short-term exposure of the cells to PL emulsions. Introduction of PL into the cellular matrix was monitored by analysis of biologically active fluorescently labeled phosphatidylcholine (PC) or phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Parinaroyl and dansyl derivatives were used. Conditions of maintenance as well as exogenously given PL affected the transport of GABA. Two transport systems were observed, one first-order system and one cooperative system. Saturated species of PC or PE reduced first-order GABA uptake with increase in chain length of the fatty acid residues. The effects of unsaturated PL were dependent upon the polar head. Unsaturated PC enhanced the capacity of the first-order transport of the amino acid. In comparison to cultures grown in lipid-free medium, introduction of diarachinoyl-PC into the cells increased the density of the first-order active transport sites by a factor of 8 and the affinity constant by a factor of 17. Diarachinoyl-PE reduced both kinetic parameters. GABA uptake via the cooperative system was enhanced by the unsaturated PE, not by PC. The role of endogenous PL and their asymmetric distribution was studied by application of phospholipase A2, C, and D. Stimulation of carrier activity was induced by hydrolysis of PL on the external leaflet. Inhibition occurred upon enzymatic degradation of external and cytoplasmic PL. Lipolysis also affected GABA receptor binding, suggesting that the effects observed represent the activity of both classes of binding sites, the carrier and the receptor. However the latter accounted for a small fraction of the binding. Transport of the amino acid was temperature sensitive. The temperature curve was shifted within two discontinuities, appearing in the Arrhenius plot as a function of membrane lipids. The results suggest a partitioning of the proteins between fluid and ordered lipid domains. Displacement of the protein may govern the rate constants and/or the effective protein concentration.

Studies on the interaction between cortex grey matter (CC), diencephalon (DE), mesencephalon (ME) and pure glial cells free of neurons were undertaken in explant cultures. The culture system provided the formation of neuritic bridges between individual tissue pieces. Cocultivation of different brain tissues resulted in changes of leucine and glycerol-3-phosphate incorporation characteristic for individual brain areas. Glial cell (GC) did not respond to innervation by neurites of various sources. Glycerol-3-phosphate uptake rates were substantially altered in cocultures containing neurons and glia.