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The stratification processes taking place in the newly independent states of the post-Soviet space have both common starting principles and special tendencies. Under the conditions of market reforms, stratification processes are deepening. Based on a comparative analysis of various approaches, the author identified nine types of stratification systems and their general historical nature. A summary description of the specifics of each of them is provided. As a special feature, the article shows the division of Uzbek society into various social strata and strata according to their status indicators.

This article is devoted to the study of linguistic and cultural problems of toponymic component phraseologies in French and Uzbek languages. The article pays special attention to the emergence of toponymic component phraseologies on the basis of extralinguistic factors. It examines the national and cultural features of phraseology, their role in enhancing the methodological color of the work of art and the theoretical aspects of the translation of these units, as well as the views of linguists on the linguistic and cultural nature of phraseology. Factors of emergence of toponymic component phraseology in the article 1) phraseology based on socio-historical factors; 2) phraseology, the origin of which is associated with folk art; 3) phraseology related to everyday life, customs and traditions of people; 4) analyzed on the basis of mastered phraseology. Also, a quantitative analysis of the sources of origin of phraseological units with a component of national-cultural toponyms in French and Uzbek languages was conducted. The studied toponymic component phraseologies were studied in their own layer and foreign layer, and their quantitative analysis was carried out. In French and Uzbek, the meaningful objects of phraseological units with a toponymic component are studied separately by linguocultural description.

The given article deals with the Uzbek translation of repetitions in “Romeo and Juliet” by V. Shakespeare. The initial aim of the work is to analyse the methods of repetition in the direct translation of examples of Uzbek poetry into English.

This article analyzes the tradition of "beshikkertti", practiced since ancient times among the Uzbek and Tajik inhabitants of the Bukhara oasis, from a historical and ethnographic point of view. The article also talks about the existence of this custom among other peoples of the world, including the peoples of the Caucasus, Siberia, and Central Asia. In addition, the article also discusses equivalent ethnographic terms that are used for the meaning of this tradition among the inhabitants of the oasis and other peoples.

This article, based on the involvement of archival sources and historical literature, shedding the light on experience and knowledge of former imperial officials in Soviet institutions of the TASSR -Uzbek SSR. Despite the fact of the "imperial past", the Soviet government for the first time attracted actively a loyal part of the old society to work in Soviet institutions, because it had been in dire need of highly qualified personnel until the moment when a new generation of Soviet employees would not be "educated" and "trained".Index Terms: archival sources, soviet historiography, Soviet Turkestan and Uzbekistan, "former people", the Soviet government, the employment of experience and knowledge, «specialists»

The article reveals the essence of the policy of emancipation of Uzbek women pursued by the Soviet government, that is, emancipation (from the Latin emancipatio -freedom from dependence and subordination), measures taken to widely disseminate the ideas of Bolshevism. The policy of women's liberation, historically known as the Khujum movement, dealt a powerful blow not only to women's veils, but also to their national, religious traditions and spiritual values.Index Terms: Soviet power, Khudjum movement, Uzbek women, emancipation, socialism, burqa, Khudjum company

The article examines the relevance of the problem of ethnogenesis and ethnic history of the Uzbek people, its importance in historical science. Ethnographic, anthropological, historiographic, source study, archaeological dissertation research on the topic for the years of independence is analyzed. Scientific views, opinions and approaches to the problem in scientific research are described from a historiographic point of view. During the years of independence, local researchers have carried out a small number of dissertations on this issue. These studies are important for studying the ethnogenesis and ethnic history of the Uzbek people.Index Terms:ethnos, ethnogenesis, ethnic history, turkic tribes, ethnography, archeology, anthropology, historiography, source study

The article provides a scientific analysis of the difficult financial situation of the theaters of Uzbekistan in recent years in the post-Soviet space, a sharp decline in the quality of stage performances, staff turnover, as well as changes in the theaters of the republic during the period of perestroika. Although the strategy “Main Directions of Theatrical Development and Reconstruction of Theater Creativity in Uzbekistan” is well thought out, in practice it has undergone critical scrutiny based on the sources from which most theaters operate in the old way. It is scientifically substantiated that radical changes in the theatrical art began to take place only in the period of independence. This process is analyzed on the basis of laws, decrees, decisions taken at the state level

Ушбу мақолада кўҳна тарихий манбалардаги материаллар ҳамда олиб борилган тадқиқотлар асносида дўрмон уруғи ва унинг келиб чиқиши, яшаш ҳудудлари, турмуш тарзи, урф-одатлари, этнографияси, ижтимоий-сиёсий, иқтисодий ва маданий жабҳалардаги ўрни, фаоллиги каби масалалар ёритиб берилган. Шунингдек, ўзбек халқи шажараси, этник таркиби, 92 та уруққа бўлиниши, мазкур қавмларнинг турли манбалар, адабиётларда берилиши, олимларнинг бу борадаги қарашлари ҳақида сўз юритилган.

Ushbu maqolada O’zbek adabiyotida o’ziga xos o’rin tutgan iste’dodli shoir Abduvali Qutbiddin she’riyati haqida so’z yuritiladi. Shoir she’rlarini o’qish hamda anglash, tuyg’ularini htis qilish, tahlil qilsh masalalariga to’xtalib o’tiladi. Muallif ijodkorning ayrim she’rlarining ma’no-mazmuniga, uslubi, badiiy san’atlardan unumli foydalanilishi hamda boshqa shoirlar ijodidan farqli va o’xshash jihatlariga e’tibor qaratgan.

Мақолада маърифатпарвар жадид намояндаси Абдурауф Фитратнинг “Оила ёки оила бошқариш тартиблари” асарида оила қадриятлари масаласи илмий адабиётлар ёрдамида ўрганилган. Бундан ташқари, мазкур асарда ўзбек оилаларининг турмуш-тарзи, урф-одат ва қадриятларининг моҳияти, шаърий асослари маълумотлар асосида ёритилганлиги тадқиқот томонидан атрофлича таҳлил қилинган.

Modern Uzbekistan undergoes wide-scale social and economic reforms that include the modernization of higher education system. This paper aims at evaluating the actual and potential impact of the reforms in Uzbekistan’s higher education on the Russian universities’ opportunities to export education to Uzbekistan. Accordingly, the paper traces the evolution of the national higher education system under President Islam A. Karimov (from 1991 to 2016), analyzes the new priorities of higher education policies set by his successor Shavkat M. Mirziyoyev, shows their interlinkages with the transition to a new model of national development, and focuses on the objectives and instruments of higher education internationalization. Theoretically and methodologically, the research relies on the concepts of internal and external internationalization of higher education, Clark’s model of higher education system elements, and Trow’s concept of higher education massification levels. The authors show the scale and interconnectedness of higher education challenges that have been developing in Uzbekistan in the course of the 25 years of its independence. The authors argue that higher education internationalization has become a way to achieve a number of objectives, in particular to improve the quality of higher education, orient it to massification, make it more accessible in the country’s regional centers. The paper shows the parameters of internal and external internationalization of higher education in Uzbekistan that has demonstrated the unprecedented dynamics in post-Soviet countries. The paper underlines that the policy of rapprochement with Russia launched by Tashkent in 2016 has created exceptionally beneficial opportunities for Russian universities to work in Uzbekistan and attract Uzbek students. Four mid-term scenarios of higher education internationalization in Uzbekistan are suggested.

This article of the author is devoted to the etymology of medical terms that have been introduced into the Uzbek language from other languages. It also discusses the vocabulary, socio-historical development of the Uzbek language, its relationship with other languages and the peculiarities of word acquisition. The article analyzes medical terms, mainly from Arabic to Uzbek. In the process of analysis, the origin and semantic features of these lexical units have been thoroughly studied theoretically and practically. In this regard, the author effectively used scientific sources in Uzbek and Russian languages, as well as various dictionaries and research papers, and expressed his scientific hypothesis. Instead, he drew relevant scientific conclusions on the subject by referring to examples and evidence that differentiate the same concepts and phenomena. In particular, the article describes the etymology and national-cultural features of medical terms borrowed from Arabic into Uzbek - linguoculturology on the basis of historical and synchronous, comparative and component analysis methods. For example, the use of the complication lexeme in the Uzbek language in the sense of a sign, trace, specific feature, which appeared or appeared after an event, is associated with modern medicine in the example of today’s infectious, acute respiratory disease pandemic covid-2019. Attention is also paid to the synonym of the complication lexeme in the Uzbek language and its homonym. Many such original examples can be cited from the article. So, all of the above in a sense determines the scientific-theoretical and practical value of this article. KEYWORDS: etymology, semantics, grammar, structure, cell, masdar, sukun, uzv, cultural linguistics, component, content, lexeme, term, phraseme, neologism, respirator, pandemic, anomaly.

This article describes the manifestation of the ancient religious beliefs of the Uzbek and Kazakh peoples in the traditions and ceremonies of the Tashkent oasis in the twentieth century, ethnic and non-ethnic features and ethnic processes.

In this paper, linguistic features of tea drinking in Uzbek and English languages from the consumption point of view are studied. Based on gastronomic discourse theory on comparative and cross-cultural methods as a special type of communication associated with the state of food resources and the processes of consumption by the way the people interact with tea. Moreover, compared with tea drinking traditions of Uzbek and English peoples’ communication, examples are comparatively given as well. The research work can provide theoretical and practical basis for the further research.

The article describes the chemical composition and nutritional value of grapes, assortment and its classification, technology for the production and storage of grapes, tasting assessment and the standard requirement for the quality of table grape varieties. Also, the state of development of the viticulture and winemaking industry of the Republic of Uzbekistan is analyzed, the assortment and classification of products are analyzed. The requirement of the international standard for the quality of table grapes (UNECE FFV-19) is given. As a result of the analysis and research, recommendations were developed to ensure the quality and safety of grapes and wine products and to increase their export potential.

The purpose of this study is to shed light on a comparative study of Voice Onset Time (VOT) values produced by Uzbek speakers of English and native speakers of American English. The study aimed to determine significant differences in terms of the VOT value in pronunciation of voiced and voiceless stop consonants in word-initial positions. Scholarly sources on the comparative study of Uzbek and English phonetics suggest that most of the Uzbek stop consonants possess similar qualities to those of English stop sounds (Abduazizov 1992; Yusupov 2013). A descriptive comparison of Uzbek and English consonants demonstrates the difference between the two languages in isolated forms rather than in speech. This study is motivated by the fact that little is known about recent studies on the instrumental comparative study of English plosives produced by Uzbek speakers of American English. In addition, so far, no studies have been carried out in VOT analysis of English sounds produced by Uzbek speakers. The research was conducted through voice recording and analyses of data collected from Uzbek speakers and American native speakers. Recordings of 3240 overall tokens were collected and analyzed using Praat phonetic software. The mean VOT values obtained from both subject groups have been compared and statistically tested using the Independent Samples t-test. The research findings show that Uzbek subjects’ and American native subjects’ VOT values differ significantly. However, there are a few words (9 out of 52) where the differences in the VOT values of the two subject groups are not statistically significant. The research presents implications for teaching pronunciation of English plosive sounds in word-initial positions where a stop consonant followed by a vowel sound to Uzbek speakers of English by taking into account the periodic measurement of consonants. In addition, there are implications for future research that might explore other features of VOT produced by Uzbek language speakers. Keywords: Voice Onset Time; stop consonants; voiced; voiceless consonants; Uzbek

The article discusses the official status and sphere of Russian language usage in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The article reveals the idea that the policy of strengthening the state language in modern Uzbekistan is associated with the adaptation of the late Soviet model of the nation state, in which language was one of the most important markers of the nation. It is proved that the Russian language is one of the rooted languages of the republic. According to the materials of field research, the indigenous population has formed a demand for Uzbek-Russian bilingualism, including the acquisition of the language through school education in Russian. The author concludes that the Russian language is a part of modern Uzbek culture.

The article is devoted to the history of the formation and development of science in Karakalpakstan. It is stated that in 1931 the Karakalpak Integrated Research Institute was established in Turtkul. In the pre-war period, this institute was reorganized several times, as a result of which difficulties arose in coordinating scientific and research work in Karakalpakstan. In 1947, it was transferred to the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan. In 1959, the Karakalpak affiliate of the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic was organized on the basis of the Karakalpak Integrated Research Institute, which made it possible to coordinate and develop fundamental scientific research in the republic. The scientists focused on topical issues of the development of the economy and culture of the republic, in particular, the study of natural resources, material and spiritual culture of the Karakalpak people. The author claims that a new stage in the development of this scientific center begins in 1991, when the Karakalpak affiliate of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan receives the status of the Karakalpak branch. The author critically assesses the period of development of science in Karakalpakstan in the 1990s, while claiming that this scientific institution has risen to new stages of its development and certain achievements have been achieved. KEYWORDS. Science; history; scientific expeditions; Karakalpak Scientific Research Institute; reorganization; integrated institute; affiliate, branch; scientific research; department; prospects.

This article discusses the main ways and means of translating phraseological combinations into English and Uzbek languages. Phraseologies cannot be considered only as a separate part of linguistic science, which can or may not be used, because they constitute an important part of the general vocabulary of the languages. Currently, it is very important to monitor the replenishment of the phraseological fund of the Uzbek and English languages, since idioms appear very quickly, which is associated with the development of branches of science, the introduction of new technologies, political games and military conflicts, the influence of which is also significant for both peoples. It should be noted that phraseological units are common. phraseological units in the source text and the ability to find the appropriate equivalent in the translation process are the most tangible steps for a translator. However, the translator must use phrasebooks for adequate oral and written translation of phraseological units and, in addition, context plays an important role in the translation process.

This article investigates why individuals utilize euphemism words in political wrangle about and whether that exertion is beneficial. In expansion to the numerous euphemism words that are acknowledged by for all intents and purposes everyone, the political cleared out has its claim set of euphemism words related with political rightness, whereas the political right has its possess set connected to energetic rightness.

This study explores two adult women’s self-authored and self-composed songs and life history in a north-eastern province of Afghanistan. The women did not sing to entertain the researcher or their ...

Background. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) in children and adolescents is a complex problem throughout the world. The onset of the disease at an early age and development of acute and chronic complications already at young age encourage searching the most optimal methods for treating this serious disease. The purpose of the study was to assess the qua­lity of life in children and adolescents with type 1 DM on pump insulin therapy, considering the carbohydrate value in Uzbek national foods. Materials and methods . In the study, it was used a Russian version of a short form of the Diabetes Quality of Life for Youth (DQOLY-SF) questionnaire. Results . The results of the conducted study demonstrate reliably that the use of mo­dern technologies is accompanied by the improvement of not only glycemic control, but also the quality of life. The obtained data allow us to conclude that the use of structured training programs is effective for improving the degree of compensation of carbohydrate metabolism and increasing quality of life in patients using pump insulin therapy. Conclusions. The use of pump insulin therapy has a positive impact on all aspects of the quality of life registered by the DQOLY-SF questionnaire. With the use of the square bolus and double wave bolus, conside­ring the tables of bread units in dishes of Uzbek national cuisine, there was a tendency to improve the quality of life compared to those who used only a simple bolus.

The article examines "Devonu lugotit turk" and Uzbek dialects, and acknowledges Mahmud Kashgari's special services in this regard. The valuable importance of "Devon" in dialectology is highlighted. Each example is explained based on the lexemes available in the fraternal peoples, effectively using a number of linguistic methods, such as comparative, comparative-historical. The commonalities and differences related to the reflection of words in the dialects and their presentation in Devon are analyzed.

This scientific article focuses on the importance of the concept of art in modern Uzbek poetry. This article is about the works of our talented poets Zebo Mirzo and Halima Ahmedova, who are currently working in the field of our literature. The scientific significance of the article is that it focuses on the main ideas and goals of contemporary poetry.

This article provides a detailed analysis of the history of Uzbek-Korean educational relations in the Commonwealth and its further development with the help of Internet data and sources. Research also gives latest information about the head of state also met with the Speaker of the National Assembly and the Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea and took part in the Uzbek-South Korean business forum with the participation of leaders of leading economic and financial structures of the two countries.

The article talks about the program of the subject, which has an extensive character, which includes the study of three local schools of Uzbek folk dance: Fergana, Bukhara, Khorezm. Each school has its own style, its own distinctive figurative basis, its own system and its own laws of language; the poeticization of nature in Fergana, the glorification of beauty in Bukhara, the Bacchic fire of the Khorezm dance - these are the figurative facets of the Uzbek dance. In addition to the three main schools, the Uyghur and Karakalpak schools were included in the subject program. Also, it is said about the study of the cycle "Doira dars", which acquired the meaning of the canon of Uzbek dance. For the successful development of Uzbek folk dance, at the present stage, the relevant objective is to introduce innovative pedagogical technologies in higher choreographic education.

The article provides information about the assistance provided by the Uzbek people to the evacuated population during the Second World War. It is interpreted that these processes are reflected in the reports of archival sources -evacuation organizations, their content, structure, factual materials, historical and source study significance are disclosed. Only in the twentieth century, two devastating world wars took place in the world, which claimed the lives of millions of people and the tragic consequences of the war left their mark on the lives of people. In this respect, the Second World War of 1939-1945 on the Eurasian continent was one of the most destructive wars in world history

Uzbek and Tatar nations have had strong literary relations since the beginning of XX century. In building such a good friendly bonds, particular individuals play a significant role with their attempts. Dr. Sherali Turdiev did a lot in the development of literary relations between Uzbek and Tatar nation. It can be proved by his written works also exchanged letters. In this article, request, gratitude and invitation letters by Tatar scholars towards Dr. Sherali Turdiev will be discussed. KEY WORDS: literary relations, correspondences, publication, mutual literary supports

Translation is of high importance for better assimilation of the specialized terminology, as it helps professionally oriented students to interpret scientific and technical texts of the oil and gas sector while reading. Furthermore, terminology of this field is being more required by officials in recent years due to the developments of oil and gas industry in our country. Additionally, learners feel a failure in translating specific vocabulary (technical terminology), which complicates the comprehension of context in the process of reading since they could hardly find L1 translation, and those translated from English into Uzbek, that indicates the lexical deficiency in the field of oil and gas in L1. Moreover, the increased number of borrowed words originated from English and Russian languages are being used in the Uzbek language not in an appropriate way. This paper highlights the theories of terminology expressed by Uzbek and foreign researchers. Moreover, the selected oil and gas terminology of the compared languages has been investigated in lexical-semantic aspect.

The article is devoted to the problem of the evolution of the modern hero and types of heroes in the modern Uzbek literature of neo-realism. The poetics of neo-realism marked by a combination of descriptive concreteness and object precision with expressive and lyrical often-symbolized words; characterized by a weakening of narrative connections by strengthening the lyrical beginning and in-depth psychologism. Neo-realism in Uzbek literature, while possessing national features, in terms of poetic and stylistic orientation, is fundamentally different from neo-realism in Russian and Western literature. The works of A. Yuldashev and U. Khamdam are the bearers of this line in Uzbek prose. Along with the synthetic nature of the texts of these writers, there is a feature that unites them all — the desire of prose writers not to paradox, but to reality. The purpose of this article is to consider the philosophical perception reflecting the state of mind of modern man through the prism of the perception of the literary hero in the Uzbek literature of the XXI century. Ulugbek Hamdam in the stories «Камень», «Река души моей» (“The Stone", “The River of My Soul”) with the help of conventionality and signs-symbols, as well as building the work on the basis of functional relationships, builds his author’s concept on the material of everyday life. Abdukayum Yuldashev in the stories «Пуанкаре», «Близнецы» (“Poincare”, “Twins”) having a rich style arsenal, also works at the interface of realism and neo-realism. The article attempts to analyze the main features in the typology of the hero in the stories of U. Hamdam in the context of the traditions of new realism.

The article analyzes ethno-territorial problems inherited from the post-soviet period, their features. The mistakes made, the available opportunities and suggestions for solving the problem are given. The role and place of Uzbek diplomacy in recent years, as well as the geopolitical situation in the region will be discussed.

This research is devoted to the analysis of stylistic peculiarities of phonovariants of words of foreign origin in Russian and Uzbek. It is aimed at the investigation of the stylistic values of phonovariants of the borrowed words in the Russian and Uzbek languages and substantiation of the isomorphic and allomorphic features of such language units in comparison. So as to achieve the aim of the research, several objectives of the research are set: identification of the current status of the research problem; review of related literature; analysis of stylistic peculiarities of phonovariants of the words of foreign origin in compared languages; substantiation of isomorphism and allomorphism of honostylistic features of borrowed words in Russian and Uzbek; discussion of stylistic potential of phonovariants of the words of foreign origin in compared languages.

The article summarizes the analysis results of the quality of rendering of the national specifics and individual style of the writer related to it in the process of literary translation. The material for analysis is the novel "Diamond Belt" by Pirimkul Kadyrov translated from Uzbek into Russian by Yu. Suvortsev and interlinear translation presented by the author himself. The explanatory potential of a hermeneutic approach to the analysis of source and target texts is demonstrated in the article. The examples of successful translational solutions to the representation of national picture of the world reflected in the source text, which are revealed in rendering of puns, proverbs, etc., were characterized. There were also revealed errors made by the translator when reproducing personal names of characters, etiquette formulas, stylization of characters' speech, etc., which led not only to a violation of the integrity of the perception of a literary text, but also to leveling of the national specificity of the source text. As the result of the study, an approximate algorithm for a translation strategy, which will minimize losses in the rendering of the national specificity and writer's individual style in the process of translation from one language to another, has been developed. As a research perspective, the authors raise the problem of authorized translation and the problem of the writer's creative work in the process of the interlinear translation.

Using the example of the Uzbek SSR, this article reveals the process of militarization of enterprises and institutions on the eve of the attack of Fascist Germany on the Soviet Union, restrictions on the constitutional right of citizens to freely choose a profession and work, cruel exploitation of the population and the use of tens of thousands of prisoners aslabor by the despotic Soviet regime. The article also highlights the emergence of judges as victims of repression, the strengthening of party and state control over the judicial system based on archival sources.Index Terms:People's Commissariat of Justice, Supreme Court of the Uzbek SSR, people's Court, judge, investigation, sentence, prison, correctional labor, fine, working week, labor discipline, prisoner, military enterprises, decree

This article discusses the ethnographic history of the Uzbek people. The same picture is observed in the composition of the Uyghur ethnic group. For example, not only modern Uyghurs, but also Uzbeks, Kazakhs, Kirghiz, etc. were formed from the Uyghur ethnic group. The same can be said about written records. Evaluation of the role of each of these disciplines as a source of ethnogenetic and ethno-historical information, the need for complexity, synthesis of developments in various sciences have been repeatedly discussed.

Michel Eyquem de Montaigne XVI - asr mutafakkiri va faylasufi. Mishel de Montenening 1580 yildan 1588 yilgacha nashr etilgan asari “Tajribalar” hisoblanib bu Evropaga uzoq safaridan qaytgan ellik yoshli odamning hayot tajribalari asosida yozgan kechinmalaridir. Quyida faylasufning birinchi kitob 26 –bobida “Bolalar tarbiyasi haqida” deb nomlangan qismining asliyatdan o’zbek tiliga tarjima qilinganini o’qib bugungi kunda ham naqadar dolzarb voqelikni ko’rishingiz mumkin.

By elaborating on the findings of two data sets collected in both Uzbekistan and Japan, this paper demonstrates that Japan has increasingly become a new frontier for Uzbek youngsters who use educat...

Language is a dynamic phenomenon. In the process of development, words are semantically interconnected, although they undergo some changes. Only the outward form of words tends to change. It is the duty of the philologist to identify these changes. The laws of economy of linguistic means that were discovered in recent years, the fusion phenomena, and the discovery of the sound of voices and loud voices helped to determine the cause of change in ancient words. As a result of the discoveries, it was possible to analyze any ancient word in Turkic languages. In the process of research exact examples have been taken from Kipchak group of Turkic languages i.e. Kazakh and Karakalpak languages, from the Karluk group of Turkic languages Uzbek, Uighur as well as Oguz group of Turkic languages i.e. Turkmen, Azerbaijan languages. This scientific article analyzes the organs of the body that perform the respiratory function and geographical and astronomical names. In particular, the throat, trachea, esophagus, moon, star, swamp, Venus. In modern Turkic languages, it can be seen that these words not only sounded differently or underwent phonetic changes, but also acquired a new meaning and formed terms from these words. The article gives a lot of information to young scientists who are studying language history. It deals with the theoretical problems of comparative Turkology and the ways how to apply them in practice.

Мақолада ХХ аср бошларидаги тилшунослик масалаларини тадқиқ этиш, ўзбек маърифатпарварларининг миллий манфаатларимизни таъминлаш, маънавий қадриятларимизни тиклашдаги хизматлари хусусида сўз боради. Хусусан, Фитратнинг тилшунослик соҳасида ўзи яшаган давр тили, лингвистик хусусиятлари, ХХ асрда ўзбек тилшунослигининг шаклланиши ва ривожланишида қўшган ҳиссаси, ўзбек тилшунослигининг шаклланиши учун асос бўлган зарурий манбаларнинг тавсифи ҳақида илмий таҳлиллар берилган. В статье рассказывается об исследованиях по вопросам языкознания в начале 20 века, об услугах узбекского просвещения по обеспечению наших национальных интересов, восстановлению наших духовных ценностей. В частности, был дан научный анализ языка того времени, когда Фират жил в области лингвистики, лингвистических особенностей, его вклада в становление и развитие узбекского языкознания в 20 веке, описание необходимых источников, которые являются основой для формирования узбекского языкознания. The article describes the research on linguistics at the beginning of the 20th century, the services of Uzbek education to ensure our national interests, restore our spiritual values. In particular, a scientific analysis of the language of the time when Firat lived in the field of linguistics, linguistic features, his contribution to the formation and development of Uzbek linguistics in the 20th century, a description of the necessary sources that are the basis for the formation of Uzbek linguistics was given.

The article highlights the relations between the Republics of Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan in the field of science in the second half of the twentieth century, the exchange of personnel, news in the field of scientific research based on periodicals and archival sources.

Background. The article dealt with some common features of English and Uzbek folk blessing. First of all, it addresses the issue of the genesis of the word blessings in English and Uzbek literature. At the same time, analyzed the blessings which formed by the belief in the magic of words and compare the similarities and differences of their place in folklore and entry into the written literature. Methods. It addresses created by human intellect and preserving the attention and attitude of ancient people to the realities of life, traditions, rules of morality, which is common in the folklore of the English and Uzbek people, as well as in other nations of the world. Interestingly, despite the fact that these people live in different geographical conditions and speak different systematic languages, have different religious beliefs, there are some typological features among their blessings. In particular, blessings draw attention to the fact that no matter what nation it belongs to, first of all, it has the power to influence the emotions of people spiritually. Results.

This scientific article describes the epic interpretation of the wedding in "Alpomish" epic and the folklore, customs and regional features of the wedding ceremony.

История лингвистических учений уходит вглубь истории человечества. Каждый новый этап развития науки о языке имеет свои особенности: появляются новые отрасли, аспекты и методы изучения языка, возникают новые лингвистические школы и направления. Одним из таких направлений языкознания является лингвистическая типология, которая в настоящее время получила широкое распространение и завоевала общее признание среди языковедов различных стран и направлений. Данная статья посвящается различиям и схожестям русского и узбекского языках в фонологическом аспекте. The history of linguistic teachings goes deep into the history of mankind. Each new stage in the development of the science of language has its own characteristics: new branches, aspects and methods of language learning appear, new linguistic schools and directions appear. One of these areas of linguistics is linguistic typology, which is now widespread and has won general recognition among linguists from different countries and directions. This article is devoted to the differences and similarities of the Russian and Uzbek languages in the phonological aspect.