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Corona disease outbreak occurred in 2019 from Wuhan, China and the virus was identified to be a member of the Coronaviridae family. The disease was named as COVID-19 by WHO. It started as an epidemic and later turned into pandemic affecting world wide. The present study was aimed to conduct a systematic review on most prevalent symptoms associated with COVID-19 and to perform a Meta analysis on Comorbidities associated with COVID-19 and assess its severity in underlying conditions. A literature search was conducted using search engines like Pubmed, Web of Science, Elsevier COVID-19 and LitCovid databases between January 2020 and August 2020. Forest plot analysis was done using Random effects model to estimate odds ratio and 95% confidence interval estimate. 83 papers with a sample size of 19,454 were analysed statistically after adopting inclusion and exclusion criteria. Our results showed the most prevalent symptoms to be Cough, fever, dyspnoea and myalgia in interval plot analysis. When assessed for comorbidities, Hypertension (27.02%), Diabetes (16.61%), Cardiovascular disease (12.75%) and Chronic pulmonary obstructive diseases(19.9%) are found to be the most risk factors in comparison with others. However, a finer experimental research needs to be confirmed with the findings.

The research aims at examining the influence of loneliness and stress on anxiety and depression. The role of optimism bias in regulating anxiety and depression dimensions among 726 students in India is investigated. Partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) approach is used to study the relationships between constructs. According to the data, optimism bias significantly moderates the association among stress and anxiety & between loneliness and anxiety. The research enables understanding of the consequences of Covid-19 upon the psychology of the students while providing an insight into the behavioural implications of loneliness, stress and optimism bias on the anxiety level and depression of students. The study enables the academicians and management in formulating communication and management strategies for students. Limited studies have been found on stress and depression in Indian student's context. It is the first study to employ an optimistic bias scale to investigate the behaviour of students in India and its impact on the students’ mental health using anxiety and depression as variables.

Pipelines that are transporting fluids of different salinity in different pressurized conditions are met with different behaviors of flow. Flow behavior of two-phase gas–liquid system in simulated horizontal pipeline conditions are investigated experimentally with three different brine salinity concentrations comparable to the reservoir fluid properties within the Malay Basin. A test facility in total length of 80-feet was designed and configured for data acquiring of flow regimes which were observed via a 1.5-in diameter and a 7.5-feet long transparent acrylic pipe. A flow regime map where the transition of flow pattern from stratified to intermittent to mixed is proposed as the superficial gas velocity and superficial liquid velocity increase at increasing brine concentration. There is a combination flow pattern presumed to be the combination of plug flow, slug flow and thin annular. When the brine salinity increases, the pressure drop of the system increases. The lowest pressure drop in the form of percentage for brine concentration of 1000, 15,000, and 30,000 ppm at brine superficial velocity of 3.0 m/s were 57.1, 50, and 42.9% respectively. Pressure drop experimental results from this study were compared with previous mathematical correlations. Results also indicate that water holdup increases when water input fraction increases.

Three-phase oil-water-gas flow experiments have been conducted in a horizontally configured rig made of carbon steel pipe with an ID of 0.041 m and a total length of 24.3 m. The test fluids were Malaysian waxy crude oil from Malay basin and three concentrations of simulated formation water salinity, namely 0 ppm, 15 000 ppm, and 30 000 ppm. The waxy crude oil and simulated formation water are varied at six different superficial liquid velocities ranging from 0.5 to 3.0 m/s while the gas phase is varied at 10 different superficial velocities ranging from 0.01 to 0.61 m/s. Eight flow patterns are observed using observational method; one of which is a newly discovered flow pattern identified as Slug with Oil Film-Oil Continuous (SLOF-OC). Salinity does not give significant effect on oil-gas interface but significantly affects the oil-water interface as lower formation water salinity is dispersed easily in crude oil compared to higher formation water salinity. The highest pressure gradient recorded was 2506.84 Pa/m at the highest superficial gas velocity while the lowest pressure gradient recorded was 89.53 Pa/m at the lowest superficial gas velocity. It is imperative to note that the experimental investigation of Malaysian waxy crude oil with different formation salinity in the three-phase flow study is in an unchartered area, therefore it provides a new platform for furthering more complex research works such as four-phase flow (gas, oil, water, and wax particles) below Wax-Appearing Temperature (WAT).

The main objective of the present study is to fit a model to the motor insurance data for forecasting the own damage claim amount obtained from the Insurance Industry covering the period of 36 years. In this research study, the Box-Jenkins financial econometric approach has been used to build the Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model for the data by considering standard deviation (SD) statistic covering the time series data from 1981 to 2016. The analysis fits well with ARIMA (1, 0, 1), representing a good fit for the data sets. The diagnostic test further indicated that ARIMA (1, 0, 1) is stable and acceptable for predicting own damage claim data. We have also predicted the future own damage claim amount, which helps the insurance companies to budget their requirement for future planning for the claim data.

Steroid sex hormones produce physiological effects in reproductive tissues and also in nonreproductive tissues, such as the brain, particularly in cortical, limbic and midbrain areas. Dopamine (DA) neurones involved in processes such as prolactin secretion (tuberoinfundibular system), motor circuit regulation (nigrostriatal system) and driving of motivated behaviour (mesocorticolimbic system) are specially regulated by sex hormones. Indeed, sex hormones promote neurochemical and behavioural effects induced by drugs of abuse by tuning midbrain DA neurones in adult animals. However, the long-term effects induced by neonatal exposure to sex hormones on dopaminergic neurotransmission have not been fully studied. The present study aimed to determine whether a single neonatal exposure with oestradiol valerate (EV) results in a programming of dopaminergic neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) of adult female rats. To answer this question, electrophysiological, neurochemical, cellular, molecular and behavioural techniques were used. The data show that frequency but not amplitude of the spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current is significantly increased in NAcc medium spiny neurones of EV-treated rats. In addition, DA content and release are both increased in the NAcc of EV-treated rats, caused by an increased synthesis of this neurotransmitter. These results are functionally associated with a higher percentage of EV-treated rats conditioned to morphine, a drug of abuse, compared to controls. In conclusion, neonatal programming with oestradiol increases NAcc dopaminergic neurotransmission in adulthood, which may be associated with increased reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse.

Dengue is the most common and widespread arthropod-borne viral infection in the world. It was carried by mosquitoes and this disease used to be called break-bone fever. Dengue is a quite dangerous febrile disease transmitted by aedus aegypti mosquito that can even cause death. In this paper, we proposed new fusion architecture to support the diagnosis of Arbovirus-Dengue. The architecture combines features of platelets and Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) technology together to facilitate medical diagnosis. Along with these features and platelet count, CBR is incorporated which contains symptoms of the disease and platelet count. Experiments on a set of 10 images yielded a balanced accuracy of 86.95 %. This was a superior diagnosis performance in comparison with the state-of-the-art works.

The physico-chemical properties of liver oil from low cost Balistid fish Sufflamen capistratus extracted by Soxhlet, Bligh and Dyer, direct steaming, solar extraction and Mc Gill and Moffat methods were assessed. The oil yield was high (70.3%) in Soxhlet method when compared with other methods. The physical properties such as solidification point, melting point, refractive index and moisture content of the extracted oil samples were differed between methods. The chemical properties like the acid value, free fatty acid (FFA) level and carotenoid content of the individual oil samples were showed extraction methods dependant variation. Fatty acid content was also showed variation between methods; polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content was high (23.07%) in Bligh and Dyer method. In all the oil samples, fat soluble vitamin K was more when compared with the other tested vitamins. Irrespective of methods of extraction, permissible level of heavy metals and minerals were recorded in the oil samples.

In VLSI Industry testing is an essential process for making the assurance functionality of the chip. This paper is focusing one of the test methodology called built-in-self-test (BIST). To introduce a novel test pattern generator (TPG) called multiple single input change (MSIC) TPG for test the modules of the chip. This TPG generates single input change (SIC) test vectors in multiple scan chains. Scan chains count is equal to the number of modules inside the chip. MSIC test vectors are generated here with a re-configurable Johnson counter and a fixed seed values. Seed is a pre-defined bit for MSIC pattern generator based on the modules available in the chip. Bit EX-OR operation is performed between the Re-configurable Johnson counter and the seed. Analysis result shows that the produced MSIC sequences have the features of uniform distribution and low transition density. Simulation results with S344 benchmark demonstrate that MSIC can save the test power by 7.5%.

In order to investigate the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV in neapolitan area, we studied blood specimens of 180 IVDAs, 115 CAH patients and 72 healthy subjects using hepatitis B core (anti-HBs) and hepatitis C antibody (anti-HCV). High frequency of anti-HBs (80.9%) and strong association with an unexpected seroprevalence of anti-HCV (67%) was found in CAH patients. Our study does not explain these results, but suggest either a possible inference between both viruses or that serum from CAH subjects contains a component that gives false positivity.

The aims of the study were to analyze the clinical and epidemiological characteristics and treatments for patients who developed zygomycosis enrolled in Italy during the European Confederation of Medical Mycology of medical mycology survey. This prospective multicenter study was performed between 2004 and 2007 at 49 italian Departments. 60 cases of zygomycosis were enrolled: the median age was 59.5 years (range 1-87), with a prevalence of males (70%). The majority of cases were immunocompromised patients (42 cases, 70%), mainly hematological malignancies (37). Among non-immunocompromised (18 cases, 30%), the main category was represented by patients with penetrating trauma (7/18, 39%). The most common sites of infection were sinus (35%) with/without CNS involvement, lung alone (25%), skin (20%), but in 11 cases (18%) dissemination was observed. According to EORTC criteria, the diagnosis of zygomycosis was proven in 46 patients (77%) and in most of them it was made in vivo (40/46 patients, 87%); in the remaining 14 cases (23%) the diagnosis was probable. 51 patients received antifungal therapy and in 30 of them surgical debridement was also performed. The most commonly used antifungal drug was liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB), administered in 44 patients: 36 of these patients (82%) responded to therapy. Altogether an attributable mortality rate of 32% (19/60) was registered, which was reduced to 18% in patients treated with L-AmB (8/44). Zygomycosis is a rare and aggressive filamentous fungal infection, still associated with a high mortality rate. This study indicates an inversion of this trend, with a better prognosis and significantly lower mortality than that reported in the literature. It is possible that new extensive, aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, such as the use of L-AmB and surgery, have improved the prognosis of these patients.