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Graševina' je jedan od osnovnih elemenata prepoznatljivosti hrvatskog vinogradarstva i vinarstva. Statistički gledano svaki četvrti trs u hrvatskim vinogradima je trs 'Graševine', a ako gledamo samo kontinentalnu Hrvatsku, gdje se ova sorta zapravo i jedino uzgaja 'Graševina' čini 50% svih vinograda. U ukupnoj proizvodnji vina koje se stavlja na tržište podrijetlom iz hrvatskih vinograda, ova sorta zauzima čak 40%. Proteklih nekoliko godina ponovno se aktualiziralo nekoliko pitanja oko ove sorte, posebno pitanje njezinog podrijetla. Dodatno, često se postavlja pitanje kako je ova sorta postala toliko popularna u Hrvatskoj i kakva je budućnost ove sorte. Da li će se zbog njenih karakteristika zbog kojih je često bila prvi izbor vinogradara u tijekom 20. stoljeća i dalje koristiti za podizanje novih nasada u sve toplijoj, ali neizvjesnoj i nepredvidivoj klimi budućnosti. U ovom radu su osim prikaza spoznaja vezanih uz navedene teme prikazane i karakteristike klonova 'Graševine' izdvojenih nakon provedene klonske selekcije ove sorte u kutjevačkom vinogorju koji su odnedavno registrirani i nalaze se na sortnoj listi., 'Graševina' is one of the basic elements of the recognizability of Croatian viticulture and winemaking. Statistically speaking, every fourth vine in Croatian vineyards is a 'Graševina', and if we look only at the continental part of Croatia, where this variety is actually grown, 'Graševina' makes up 50% of all vineyards. In the case of wine that is put on the market originating from Croatian vineyards, this variety occupies as much as 40% of the total volume. In the past few years, several questions regarding this variety have been brought up, especially the question of its origin. In addition, the question that often arises is how this variety became so popular in Croatia and what is the future of this variety and whether, due to its characteristics that often made it the first choice of winegrowers during the 20th century, it will continue to be used for planting new plantations in warmer, but an uncertain and unpredictable climate of the future. In this paper, in addition to the presentation of knowledge related to the mentioned topics, the characteristics of the 'Graševina' clones selected after the clonal selection of this variety in the Kutjevo wine growing area, which were recently registered, are presented.

Vineyard landscapes significantly contribute to the economy, identity, culture, and biodiversity of many regions worldwide. Climate change, however, is increasingly threatening the resilience of vineyard landscapes and of their ecological conditions, undermining the provision of multiple ecosystem services. Previous research has often focused on climate change impacts, ecosystem conditions and ecosystem services without systematically reviewing how they have been studied in the literature on viticulture. Here, we systematically review the literature on vineyard landscapes to identify how ecosystem conditions and services have been investigated, and whether an integrative approach to investigate the effects of climate change was adopted. Our results indicate that there are still very few studies that explicitly address multiple ecosystem conditions and services together. Only 28 and 18% of the reviewed studies considered more than two ecosystem conditions or services, respectively. Moreover, while more than 97% of the relationships between ecosystem conditions and services studied were addressing provisioning and regulating services, only 3% examined cultural services. Finally, this review found that there is a lack of integrative studies that address simultaneously the relationships between ecosystem condition, ecosystem services and climate change (only 15 out of 112 studies). To overcome these gaps and to better understand the functioning of vineyard socio-ecological systems under climate change, multidisciplinary, integrative, and comprehensive approaches should be adopted by future studies. A holistic understanding of vineyard landscapes will indeed be crucial to support researchers and decision makers in developing sustainable adaptation strategies that enhance the ecological condition of vineyards and ensure the provision of multiple ecosystem services under future climate scenarios.

Recent excavations of Late Antiquity settlements in the Negev Highlands of southern Israel uncovered a society that established commercial-scale viticulture in an arid environment [D. Fuks et al. , Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 117 , 19780–19791 (2020)]. We applied target-enriched genome-wide sequencing and radiocarbon dating to examine grapevine pips that were excavated at three of these sites. Our analyses revealed centuries long and continuous grape cultivation in the Southern Levant. The genetically diverse pips also provided clues to ancient cultivation strategies aimed at improving agricultural productivity and ensuring food security. Applying genomic prediction analysis, a pip dated to the eighth century CE was determined to likely be from a white grape, to date the oldest to be identified. In a kinship analysis, another pip was found to be descendant from a modern Greek cultivar and was thus linked with several popular historic wines that were once traded across the Byzantine Empire. These findings shed light on historical Byzantine trading networks and on the genetic contribution of Levantine varieties to the classic Aegean landscape.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the rooting potential and propagation of seventeen grapevinevine rootstocks. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Canoinhas - Santa Catarina, in 2018 and 2019. Woody canes from the grapevine rootstocks 99R, 110R, 420 A Mgt, 101-14 Mgt, IAC 766, IAC 313, IAC 572, Courdec 3309, Freedom, Gravesac, Harmony, Kober 5BB, Paulsen 1103, Salt Creek, Solferino, SO4 and VR043-43 were collected during dormancy period. After 45 days of the experiment installation, parameters considered as quality indi cators were evaluated: percentage of rooting; average number and length of roots, number of leaves and length of branches. The results obtained were subjected to analysis of variance, and the means were compared using the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. The rootstocks showed different rooting behaviors, and it is concluded that 101-14 Mgt, IAC 572, Courdec 3309, Freedom, Gravesac, Harmony and Paulsen 1103 have greater rooting and propagation potential. While 110 R, 420 A Mgt and VR 043-43 present difficulties in propagation, due to low rooting, low number of roots and low average length of roots; requiring the use of exogenous auxin, in order to increase rooting rates.

In the south of Bolivia, a group of traditional wine growers are distinguished by the cultivation of grapevines on native trees that serve as tutors. These growers currently represent one of the few examples of agroforestry vineyards in the world. They offer an opportunity to analyze the structure and management of these cropping systems, and to identify the ecosystem services provided by the combination of grapevines that are trained on trees. We characterize 29 agroforestry vineyards located in three high valleys in southern Bolivia, describing the main farm features, the structure and management of the vineyards, and the advantages of on-tree vine staking as recorded by the farmers. Farms were small (2.2 ha on average), with about half viticulture and half other crops and forage. The workforce was about half family and half employees. The most commonly used tree species were the molle tree (Schinus molle) and chañar tree (Geoffroea decorticans), and the majority of grape varieties grown were landraces such as “Negra criolla” and “Vicchoqueña.” The main cultivation techniques were pruning of the trees and vines, application of manure more than mineral fertilizers, gravity irrigation, and application of few pesticides. The main services farmers expected from trees were protection against climate hazards and flooding, disease control, maintenance of soil fertility, and higher yields. Agroforestry is a promising option for the agroecological transition of viticulture, which deserves further studies at both plot and farm scales.

The objective of this work was to generate a series of equations to describe the voltinism of Lobesia botrana in the quarantine area of the main winemaking area of Argentina, Mendoza. To do this we considered an average climate scenario and extrapolatedthese equations to other winegrowing areas at risk of being invaded. A grid of 4 km2was used to generate statistics on L. botrana captures and the mean temperature accumulation for the pixel. Four sets of logistic regression were constructed using the percentage of accumulated trap catches/grid/week and the degree-day accumulation above7°C, from 1st July. By means of a habitat model, an extrapolation of the phenologicalmodel generated to other Argentine winemaking areas was evaluated. According to ourresults, it can be expected that 50% of male adult emergence for the first flight occurs at248.79 ± 4 degree-days (DD), in the second flight at 860.18 ± 4.1 DD, while in the thirdand the fourth flights, 1671.34 ± 5.8 DD and 2335.64 ± 4.3 DD, respectively. Subsequentclimatic comparison determined that climatic conditions of uncolonized areas of Cuyo Region have a similar suitability index to the quarantine area used to adjust the phenologicalmodel. The upper valley of Río Negro and Neuquén are environmentally similar. Valleys ofthe northwestern region of Argentina showed lower average suitability index and greatervariability among SI estimated by the algorithm considered. The combination of two models for the estimation of adult emergence time and potential distribution, can provide greater certainties in decision-making and risk assessment of invasive species. Fil: Heit, Guillermo Eugenio. Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca y Alimento. Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Producción Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Sione, Walter Fabian. Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos; Argentina Fil: Aceñolaza, Pablo Gilberto. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos; Argentina. Provincia de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción; Argentina

La deuxième moitié du XIXe siècle est marquée par de profondes mutations des systèmes agro-écologiques des Pyrénées-Orientales. Dans cet espace méditerranéen où la maîtrise de l’irrigation est pourtant ancienne et séculaire, la sécheresse estivale et les crues récurrentes posent la question d’un aménagement rationnel des cours d’eau. Des projets de barrages-réservoirs sont alors formulés. Dans la conjoncture favorable du Second Empire, l’extension de la vigne dans les plaines, au détriment des cultures irriguées, vient finalement résoudre l’aporie du stress hydrique qui frappe le Roussillon. Mais l’arrivée brutale du phylloxéra dans les années 1870 vient bousculer cette trajectoire. Des propriétaires-viticulteurs découvrent qu’un des seuls remèdes efficaces contre ce puceron dévastateur consiste à submerger les vignes d’une épaisse couche d’eau pendant une trentaine de jours. Cette période illustre la genèse de la monoculture viticole dans les Pyrénées-Orientales et de certains ouvrages d’art, comme le barrage des Bouillouses, qui façonnent encore aujourd’hui les territoires de l’eau roussillonnais. The second half of the 19th century was marked by profound changes in the agro-ecological systems of the Pyrénées-Orientales. In this Mediterranean area, where irrigation had been mastered for centuries, the summer drought and recurrent floods raised the question of the rational development of watercourses. Projects for reservoir dams were then formulated. In the favourable context of the Second Empire, the extension of the vineyards in the plains, to the detriment of irrigated crops, finally solved the aporia of the water stress that hit Roussillon. But the brutal arrival of phylloxera in the 1870s upset this trajectory. Owner-growers discovered that one of the only effective remedies against this devastating aphid was to submerge the vines in a thick layer of water for about thirty days. This period illustrates the genesis of wine-growing monoculture in the Pyrénées-Orientales and of certain works of art, such as the Bouillouses dam, which still shape the water territories of the Roussillon region today.

Este artículo muestra la doble realidad del vino en España: de un lado su industrialización, con todo lo que significa poner en el mercado millones de litros de un producto que está dentro de la cadena alimentaria; de otro, el romanticismo y la honestidad con la naturaleza para sacar al mercado una bebida sin manipulación ni químicas añadidas. Para responder a esta dualidad el autor se centra en los siguientes aspectos: expone la evolución de la producción de vino en España, dando cuenta de su importancia como sector social, cultural y económico. A continuación, se pregunta si, desde los macrodatos de la poderosa industria del vino, es posible que aún tengan cabida en el mercado pequeños vinicultores, haciendo de sus bodegas negocios rentables. La respuesta es sí, y lo muestra ejemplificado en las bodegas que elaboran vinos naturales. Apoya la exposición una etnografía realizada entre varias bodegas de vignerons., This article shows the double reality of wine in Spain: on the one hand, its industrialization, with all that it means to put millions of litres of a product that is part of the food chain on the market; on the other, the romanticism and honesty with natural environment to bring to market a drink without manipulation or added chemicals. To respond to this duality, the author focuses on the following aspects: he describes the evolution of wine production in Spain, giving an account of its importance as a social, cultural and economic sector. He then wonders if, based on the macro-data of the powerful wine industry, it is possible that small winemakers still have a place in the market, making their wineries profitable businesses. The answer is yes, and it is exemplified in the wineries that produce natural wines. The exposition is supported by an ethnography carried out among several vignerons., Grupo de investigación Antropología y Filosofía (SEJ-126). Universidad de Granada. Departamento de Antropología, Geografía e Historia. Universidad de Jaén. Departamento de Filosofía II. Universidad de Granada.

Mardin iline bağlı Midyat ilçesi antik dönemde Matiate olarak isimlendirilmektedir. Tur Abdin bölgesinde konumlanan Matiate kenti ismine Asur kralı II. Assurnasirpal ve III. Salmanassar Dönemlerine tarihlenen metinlerde rastlanmaktadır. Matiate Yeraltı Şehri Midyat’ın Estel olarak isimlendirilen kısmında konumlanmaktadır. A-1 ve A-4 mekanları yeraltı şehrinin 1. alanında yer almaktadır. 1. alanda kazı ve temizlik çalışmaları 2020 ve 2021 yıllarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan kazı ve temizlik çalışmalarıyla her iki mekânın işlevine yönelik sonuçların elde edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. A-1 mekânında üzüm işliği düzeneğiyle birlikte depolama amacıyla kullanılan silolara yer verilmiştir. A-4 mekânında da depolama amacıyla kullanılan 7 adet mimari yapı elemanına yer verilmiştir. Çalışmada her iki mekânın üretime dayalı işlevi ve şırahane olarak kullanımı irdelenmiştir., Midyat district of Mardin province was called Matiate in the ancient period. The city of Matiate is located in the Tur Abdin region and the name of the city is found in texts dating to the Assyrian king II. Ashurnasirpal and III. Shalmaneser periods. Matiate Underground City is in Estel and it is part of Midyat. A-1 and A-4 are located in the 1st area of the underground city. In this area, excavated and cleaning works were carried out in 2020/21. In this studies, it is aimed to obtain results for the function of both areas. Grape workshop and silos used for storage are located in area A-1. There are also seven architectural building elements used for storage purposes in the A-4 area. In the study, it is revealed that both area based on production and its function as a winery has been examined.

Big data analytics involve systematic approach to find hidden patterns to help the organization grow from large volume and variety of data. In recent years big data analytics is widely used in the agricultural domain to improve yield. Viticulture (the cultivation of grapes) is one of the most lucrative farming in India. It is a subdivision of horticulture and is the study of wine growing. The demand for Indian Wine is increasing at about 27% each year since the 21st century and thus more and more ways are being developed to improve the quality and quantity of the wine products. In this paper, we focus on a specific agricultural practice as viticulture. Weather forecasting and disease detection are the two main research areas in precision viticulture. Leaf disease detection as a part of plant pathology is the key research area in this paper. It can be applied on vineyards of India where farmers are bereft of the latest technologies. Proposed system architecture comprises four modules: Data collection, data preprocessing, classification and visualization. Database module involve grape leaf dataset, consists of healthy images combined with disease leaves such as Black measles, Black rot, and Leaf blight. Models have been implemented on Apache Hadoop using map reduce programming framework. It apply feature extraction to extract various features of the live images and classification algorithm with reduced computational complexity. Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) followed by K-Nearest Neighborhood (KNN) algorithm. System also recommends the necessary steps and remedies that the viticulturists can take to assure that the grapes can be salvaged at the right time and in the right manner based on classification results. Overall system will help Indian viticulturists to improve the harvesting process. Accuracy of the model is 72% and it can be increased as a future work by including deep learning with time series grape leaf images.

Este artigo tem como foco o trabalho realizado por crianças ítalo-descendentes em pequenas propriedades rurais familiares, no Município de Videira, SC. O objetivo é refletir sobre a relação entre o trabalho infantil na vitivinicultura e a educação. Foram desenvolvidas entrevistas semiestruturadas com seis idosos, com idade entre 58 e 102 anos, cujas infâncias estiveram atreladas à produção de uvas e vinhos artesanais nas pequenas propriedades de suas famílias. Também foi desempenhada investigação documental e bibliográfica no Museu do Vinho Mário de Pellegrin. Os dados foram analisados a partir dos pressupostos do materialismo dialético e da Teoria Histórico-Cultural (MARX, 2017; THOMPSON, 1987; VYGOTSKY, 1991, 2004). A pesquisa revela que as crianças estavam inseridas em diversas fases do processo produtivo vitivinícola nas pequenas propriedades. As crianças trabalhavam junto aos seus familiares em longas jornadas semanais. O trabalho infantil extrapolava o parreiral e se fazia presente nas tarefas domésticas, no cuidado com os animais e no manejo dos demais cultivos da propriedade. A atividade de trabalho era prioritária e competia com o tempo de escola, contribuindo significativamente para a evasão escolar. O tempo de brincadeiras também era limitado, configurando-se como exceção na vida das crianças.

Global atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations will continue increasing throughout the next century, with profound impacts on agriculture. The literature concerning the effects of climate change on viticulture has largely focused on the isolated impacts of variables such as temperature and soil water deficit. Likewise, the research on the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on grapevines is stunted at the categorical level, chiefly because of the difficulty of experimentally controlling the gaseous environment in situ for the years necessary to replicate the vineyard system in a future climate condition. Despite numerous studies on the short-term influence of environmental and cultural factors on grapevine development at elevated carbon dioxide, the long-term impacts remain poorly understood. The lack of field based elevated CO2 experiments in the United States is an added challenge to predicting viticultural changes, particularly in California. This review focuses on the systemic impact of atmospheric CO2 on Vitis vinifera, synthesizing physiological, phenological, and plant-pest interactions. Major findings from this synthesis inform of a predicted increase in pest pressure, advanced phenological timing, transient increase in water use efficiency for grapevine, and changes in grape berry chemistry. While water use efficiency is highly desirable, the prediction for current winegrape growing regions is a transient increase in water use efficiency subsequently limited by a lack of available soil water. Grapevine is influenced by the negative synergistic effects of heat, drought, and elevated CO2, which will alter cultural practices including harvest and pest/disease control, with downstream effects on winemaking. Several options for adaptation are discussed including leaf removal, planting alternative varieties and selective breeding of new varieties.

The article presents the results of a five-year study of the yield of the Melba apple variety on dwarf, semi-dwarf and medium-sized rootstocks selected by the North Caucasus Federal Scientific Center for Horticulture, Viticulture, and Winemaking (SKFNCSVV). The aim of the research is to study the influence of rootstocks of different growth strengths on the productivity potential of the Melba apple variety in the natural and climatic conditions of the Astrakhan region. The research revealed the influence of the rootstock genotype on the main productivity indicators: perishability, yield, frequency of fruiting, stability of productivity, marketable qualities of fruits. The early fruitfulness of the variety was most affected by the dwarf subspecies SK 3, SK 7 and semi-dwarf SK 2, on which 60–100% of the trees bloomed in the first year of growth in the garden. Among the studied combinations, the highest rates of crop growth in the Melba variety were noted on the dwarf rootstock SK 3 and semi-dwarf SK 2, in combination with which the variety was characterized by maximum values of average (19.4–16.3 t/ha) and total yield (97.2–81.6 t/ha), with the values of these indicators on the control variants 16.0–10.6 t/ha and 80.2–53.1 t/ha respectively. Low indicators of the periodicity index were noted on the dwarf rootstock SK 3 (15.6) and semi-dwarf rootstock: control M 26 (23.0), SK 2 (20.0), SK 5 (27.5), high index of productivity stability (0.75–0.86) – on rootstocks SK 3, SK 2 and SK 5. In the arid conditions of the Astrakhan region, the zoned variety Melba is recommended to be grown in an intensive garden on rootstocks SK 3 and SK 2, which ensure regular and stable yields.

Bacillus spp. have been used as a biocontrol strategy to eliminate/reduce toxic fungicides in viticulture. Furthermore, the presence of fungi that are resistant to commonly used products is frequent, highlighting the need for new biocontrol strains. Aspergillus carbonarius can produce ochratoxins, including ochratoxin A (OTA), which has a regulatory maximum allowable limit for grape products. The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of four Amazonian strains of Bacillus (P1, P7, P11, and P45) to biocontrol A. carbonarius and various forms of ochratoxins in grapes. Berries treated with strain P1 presented no fungal colonies (100% reduction), while P7, P11 and P45 strains caused a reduction of 95, 95 and 61% on fungal counts, respectively. Six forms of ochratoxin were found in the grapes inoculated with A. carbonarius, including ochratoxin ��, ochratoxin ��, ochratoxin �� methyl-ester, ochratoxin �� amide, N-formyl-ochratoxin �� amide, and OTA. Four of these ochratoxin forms (ochratoxin ��, ochratoxin �� methyl-ester, ochratoxin �� amide, N-formyl-ochratoxin �� amide) are reported for the first time in grapes. These ochratoxins were identified using liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QToF-MS). All Bacillus strains inhibited the synthesis of OTA, which is the most toxic form of ochratoxin. No ochratoxin form was found when P1 and P7 were used. Although some forms of ochratoxin were detected in grapes treated with Bacillus spp. P11 and P45, the levels decreased by 97%. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the inhibition of Aspergillus carbonarius-derived ochratoxin by Bacillus species. P1 strain, identified as Bacillus velezensis, was found to be the most promising for completely inhibiting fungal growth and production of all ochratoxins.

Today, the viticulture and oenology sector in Georgia has a fair potential for development. According to the statistical data, the income from the wine production is growing year by year for the country. Maintaining the growing potential of productivity in the viticulture and oenology sector is linked to the stable quality of grape and wine. The skilled workforce represents one of the essential components for ensuring production of high-quality products. Vocational trainings can provide both, the prospective and existing employees of the viticulture and oenology sector with the possibility to develop necessary skills. Moreover, each country has its own unique cultural, economic and social aspects that have to be taken into consideration in the process of assessing and reforming the country's educational potential. Numerous countries rely on the "mixed systems" that combine different types of work-based learning, including school-based vocational education and dual vocational education programs. However, in view of international best practice, dual programs are considered to be the best mode of instruction for vocational programs in the direction of viticulture and oenology. Introduction of work-based learning with the so called dual vocational education programs by the state in recent years, can be considered as a step forward in this direction. Also, the state offers short-term vocational education programs within the framework of close cooperation with the private sector. The viticulture and oenology sector is the first, together with the tourism sector, to be recognized as a priority by the state, therefore the training of students with dual vocational education programs has been piloted. In summary, for a vocational student, dual vocational education programs involve pursuing studies at a vocational education institution, where a student takes a theoretical course on a future profession, as well as a practical course necessary for acquiring practical and technical skills for the profession. This form of teaching provides more opportunities for deepening the public-private partnerships in education. On the one hand, it helps to reduce budgetary expenditures of the state and, on the other hand, allows the system to receive additional financial as well as intangible benefits. The interest of the private sector to participate in the educational process is multifaceted. However, one of the main reasons for the interest is possibility to hire experienced workforce in the future. Increasing the private sector involvement and delegating responsibilities to the private sector by the state represents a good opportunity to train/retrain qualified staff. This factor can be considered as a prerequisite for matching workforce demand and supply on the labor market. Training of highly qualified staff guarantees reduction of unemployment and poverty and ensures sustainable economic development of the country. Keywords: vocational education, dual vocational education programs, work-based learning, viticulture and oenology sector.

Grape growing regions are facing constant warming of the growing season temperature as well as limitations on ground water pumping used for irrigating to overcome water deficits. Trellis systems are utilized to optimize grapevine production, physiology, and berry chemistry. This study aimed to compare 6 trellis systems with 3 levels of applied water amounts based on different replacements of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) in two consecutive seasons. The treatments included a vertical shoot position (VSP), two modified VSPs (VSP60 and VSP80), a single high wire (SH), a high quadrilateral (HQ), and a Guyot pruned VSP (GY) combined with 25%, 50%, and 100% ETcwater replacement. The SH had greater yields, whereas HQ was slower to reach full production potential. At harvest in both years, the accumulation of anthocyanin derivatives was enhanced in SH, whereas VSPs decreased them. As crown porosity increased (mostly VSPs), berry flavonol concentration and likewise molar % of quercetin in berries increased. Conversely, as leaf area increased, total flavonol concentration and molar % of quercetin decreased, indicating a preferential arrangement of leaf area along the canopy for overexposure of grape berry with VSP types. The irrigation treatments revealed linear trends for components of yield, where greater applied water resulted in larger berry size and likewise greater yield. 25% ETcwas able to increase berry anthocyanin and flavonol concentrations. Overall, this study evidenced the efficiency of trellis systems for optimizing production and berry composition in Californian climate, also, the feasibility of using flavonols as the indicator of canopy architecture.

On the basis of the experimental garden of the Precaspian agrarian federal scientific center (Astrakhan region) in 2017 ... 2020, the quality of the fruits of the apple varieties Renet Simirenko, Idared and Melba on the rootstocks of the SK series (North Caucasus) selection of the North Caucasus Federal Scientific Center for Horticulture, Viticulture, Winemaking was studied in comparison with the combinations on the rootstocks of the M series (a total of 27 graft-rootstock combinations). The aim of the research is to evaluate the quality indicators of apple fruits when grown on rootstocks of different growth strengths in the arid conditions of the Northern Caspian region. It was revealed that the Idared variety on the rootstocks SK 3, SK 5 and SK 1 was characterized by a higher marketability of fruits compared to the corresponding control combinations (68.4...84.0 and 65.8...71.3 %, respectively). The Melba variety was distinguished by a high content of vitamin C on dwarf rootstocks SK 3, SK 4 and semi-dwarf SK 5 (4.4...4.8 %). A harmonious combination of sugar and acid (sugar-acid index) was found in the Melba variety on dwarf rootstocks M 9, SK 3, SK 4, SK 7 and semi-dwarf rootstock SK 5 (16.0...21.1), in the Idared variety on semi-dwarf rootstock M 26 (19.4). A high content of dry substances was found in the varieties Idared and Melba on the semi-dwarf control M 26 21.9...24.5 %, in the variety Renet Simirenko on the semi-dwarf rootstock SK 2 (21.8 %). A high content of sugars (fructose, sucrose, glucose) was characterized by the variety Renet Simirenko on a semi-dwarf rootstock SK 2 (13.7 %). The increased content of titrated acidity was found in Melba varieties on the semi-dwarf rootstock SK 2 and medium-sized rootstock M 4, in the variety Renet Simirenko on the dwarf rootstock M 9 and amounted to 0.8 %, respectively.

The objects of research are representatives of the genus Malus growing in the Kuban zone of the North Caucasus region. The purpose of the research is the breeding improvement of the of apple southern assortment on the basis of the development of the scientific direction “Introduction, variety study and breeding of pome crops in the North Caucasus and the creation of promising domestic varieties with improved adaptability and quality. The history of the creation and development of this scientific direction of the scientific school “Southern Horticulture” in the North Caucasus, the founder of which was Lev M. Sergeev (1886-1980. Under his leadership, the first breeding programs for seed crops (apple, pear, quince) for the North Caucasus region were developed, the priority of which was to improve the characteristics of productivity and quality characteristics of fruits; with his active participation, a network of gossortuchastok was organized in the North Caucasus and by the end of 1947 a zoned assortment of the main fruit crops of the south of Russia was formed. At present, the development of the above-mentioned scientific direction has been continued in the works of L. M. Sergeev, original studies of which are based on the use of a complex of classical and improved methods for creating and evaluating breeding material, modern achievements in molecular genetics, biochemistry, cytology, and are aimed at creating domestic varieties with improved productivity and quality of fruits, with high resistance to abiostressors and the main fungal pathogens of the North Caucasus. In recent years, the gene pool of the apple tree has been significantly updated, numbering 436 specimens of various ecological and geographical origin and ploidy, most of which are from Russia (49 %), Western European countries (18 %), and the USA (17 %). Over the years of research, scientists from North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making have created and submitted for State variety testing 81 new apple varieties, including 25 varieties created in collaboration with scientists from All- Russian Research Institute for Fruit Crops Breeding, I. V. Michurin Federal Research Center and others. 36 apple varieties obtained on the basis of the use of spontaneous and induced mutagenesis, an improved method of polyploidy, directed, repeated and geographically distant hybridization were included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements approved for use in the North Caucasus region.

The article describes the current state of viticulture in the south of Russia on the example of the Rostov region and the Republic of Crimea. The assessment of grape plantations by growing zones is given, the prospects for the development of the industry are considered.

The article provides data on the place and role of some common bird species in the Fergana Valley in biological damage. The reasons for the occurrence of biological damage in birds are discussed, the nature and degree of biological damage caused by white storks, green bee-eaters, myna, Indian and field sparrows on fish farms, power grid enterprises, viticulture and grain crops (wheat and rice) are discussed. Building their huge nests on the poles of high-voltage power lines during the year, white storks make short circuits, which lead to an interruption in the power supply. In the post-nesting period, large flocks of white storks arrive at fish farms. One bird eats an average of 600–800 g of fish per day. During spring and autumn migrations, green bee-eaters gathering at beekeeping farms, one pair per day destroys about 350–400 worker bees. Mynas, after the chicks leave the nests, together with fledglings, flies into the vineyards and, on average, damage 18.5% of the grape harvest. Field and Indian sparrows consume an average of 16.95% of the crop during the milky-wax ripeness of wheat. In rice fields during autumn migrations, the harm from sparrows is 2.1–13.4%. The article also provides data on some of the repellents used in preventing and reducing bio-damage caused by birds, discusses their effectiveness.

A number of ancient sources suggests that Roman women in the archaic period were not allowed to drink wine. Various theories have so far been proposed to explain this taboo, most of them assuming that it meant a complete alcohol ban, and relating it to the special role of women in the Roman family. However, a reconsideration of these theories, which takes into account the results of recent studies on the origins of wine consumption in Italy, shows that the archaic wine taboo had more to do with the nature of wine than with the nature of women.

Vineyards face several biotic threats that compromise the grape quality and quantity. Among those that cause relevant economic impact and have worldwide distribution are the oomycete Plasmopara vitícola, the fungi Erysiphe necator and Botrytis cinerea, and the arthropods Lobesia botrana, Tetranychus urticae, and Phylaenus spumarius (principal vector of the bacterial disease Xylella fastidiosa in Europe). Their management relies primarily on agrochemicals with short persistence; widespread use of these chemicals causes environmental and human health problems. The challenge of sustainable viticulture is to provide ecologically sound alternatives. In this regard, the application of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) and natural products derived from their symbionts can be an alternative. EPNs are well-known biocontrol agents for soil-dwelling insects. However, current research demonstrates the great potential of both EPN and their derivates as direct bio-tools against some of the key fungal and arthropods pests present aboveground. In addition, recent evidence shows that detecting EPN presence and activity and their relation with other soil organisms associated with them can help us to understand the impact of different agricultural practices on vineyard management. Altogether, this review illustrates the great potential of EPN to enhance pest and disease management in the next generation of viticulture., This review is produced in the context of the grant awarded from Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019-104112RB-I00). Also, some of the studies presented were conducted in the framework of the Interdisciplinar Thematic Platform PTI-SolXyl on Xylella fastidiosa from CSIC (Spain). RCH is awarded by Ramon y Cajal contract award (RYC-2016-19939) from the Government of Spain. IVD is supported with a FPI-UR (2021) fellowship (Universidad de La Rioja, Spain). RBP is financed by the Department of Economic Development and Innovation, Government of La Rioja (Spain) with an FPI contract (CAR-2018). MC is supported by a Moroccan scholarship for the Ministry of National Education, Vocational Training, Higher Education and Scientific Research, and the travel assistance associated with the grant CSIC I-COOP+ 2018 grant (COOPA20231). MMGT is funded by the Programme JAE-Intro CSIC call 2020 (JAEINT20_EX_0939). MP is funded by an introduction to research fellowship from Government of La Rioja (CAR 2020). RC is funded by a postdoctoral internship from Lituania Goverment supported by EU funds (LMT-K-712-21-0098).

The weather during grape production affects wine quality. Changes in the weather in the Chablis region of France and in the quality of Chablis wines (vintage scores) from 1963 to 2018 were analysed. Chablis wine quality improved over this period, with no Poor vintages after 1991. Summer temperature and sunshine duration both increased progressively between 1963 to 2018 with fewer frost days but no linear change detected in precipitation. Chablis vintage score was modelled as a function of mean temperature from April to September (curvilinear relation, maximum score at 16–17 °C), mean minimum temperature in September (an index of cool nights; negative relation), and total rainfall from June to September (negative relation). This simple three-factor model distinguished between Poor and higher-quality Chablis vintages well, but less so between Good and Excellent vintages. Application of the model to different climate change scenarios (assuming current viticultural and oenological practices) suggests that vintage scores will decline (slightly to substantially, dependent upon emissions scenario) by the 2041 to 2070 period. This reduction in quality would, however, be minimised if the warming of cool nights is less than currently forecast. The Chablis vintage score model may help identify sites with suitable climates for premium white wine from Chardonnay grapevines in emerging cool climate viticulture regions as well as aiding Chablis producers mitigate the effects of climate change.

English is a useful and necessary tool for any ESP student and so too horticulture students will need English in their future careers. Therefore, being able to communicate effectively and use the language in their field appropriately will help their business and increase their level of professionalism. This article will explore various techniques for the teaching of specialized horticultural vocabulary, in particular the terminological aspects of viticulture and viniculture which together form an important and widespread branch of horticulture with high degree of internationalization, given the rising popularity of wine and grape growing around the world. While each branch of ESP deals with its own unique features, so too English for horticulture and its subdivision, viticulture, has its own challenges in terms of vocabulary, of the equivalence between L1 and English and of usage. This article will analyze such particularities and explore ways in which various levels of specialized vocabulary can be taught to students in an engaging and effective manner.

The aim of this study was to analyze and classify the soils of the municipality of Alcubillas (La Mancha, Central Spain) and establish their suitability for vine cultivation. Alcubillas is a traditional location dedicated to vineyards and the production of wine. The pedological fingerprint of this location is the iconic red Mediterranean soil, and a plausible process for the soil formation is discussed. Considering the nature of the soils and the extent and types of natural limitations, as defined by the eight classes of land capability established by the US Soil Conservation Service, the majority of the soils in Alcubillas are suitable for vineyards (i.e., classes 1, 2 and 3) while moderately suitable sites only occupy a small area. The marginally suitable land class is located around a single hill, which occupies only a few hectares of terrain. Given that soil is a major factor in terroir expression, the findings reported here highlight the importance of soil suitability in determining vine performance in vine-growing zones with a Mediterranean environment.

The cultivation of vineyards is connected with the history of humanity and with the transformations of spaces and places that in a dynamic and harmonious way provide enchantment and the production of a secular product. With the evolution of the market and changes in natural resources, a holistic and multidisciplinary approach to the cultivation of vineyards became necessary, be it in the revision, management systems and also, particularities of each soil, relief, climate, landscape to design a system for growing vines. The aim of the study: to characterize the design of the biodynamic vineyard. To this end, a descriptive case study with qualitative analysis was carried out, interviews were conducted with two owners who use the cultivation system, biodynamic agriculture. It is concluded that the need to plan the vineyard requires holistic knowledge of the entire wine production system

Nowadays, nanoscience is a leading modern science that has a major impact on the food, pharmaceutical, and agriculture sectors. Several nanomaterials show a great potential for use during vine growing and winemaking processes. In viticulture, nanotechnology can be applied to protect vines against phytopathogens and to improve grape yield and quality. Thus, nanotechnology may allow the use of lesser amounts of phytochemical compounds, reducing environmental impact and promoting a more sustainable agriculture. And in winemaking, nanomaterials and nanodevices can be used to control the growth of spoilage microorganisms and to reduce or remove undesirable compounds, such as ethyl phenols (4-ethylphenol and 4-ethylguaiacol), biogenic amines, and tartaric acid, and so on, as well as to facilitate some technological processes (i.e. in wine filtration to eliminate microorganisms). This review summarizes recent studies with applications of nanotechnology in viticulture in order to facilitate agronomic management and optimize grape production and in enology to improve wine quality and safety. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry., Financial support was given by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades under project RTI2018-096549-B-I00.P. Rubio-Bretón, T. Garde-Cerdán, and E. P. Pérez-Álvarez thankthe Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades for theirpostdoctoral contracts.

An on-vineyard approach was used to investigate effects of the biodynamic preparations horn manure and horn silica (BD) on the soil structure in five vineyards on different bedrocks and that had be...

The metabolic impacts of endophytes on grape cells have been addressed in many studies. However, to date, no reports have investigated these phenomena in vine leaves, which also permit examination under well-controlled whereas more represent the situation of endophytes within grapevines. In the current work, we first established a method to test the symbiotic efficiency of fungal endophytes in vitro using aseptic grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) leaves. Next, we compared the symbioses of varied fungal strains as well as physio-chemical changes triggered by these symbioses, in grapevine leaves from two different cultivars ‘Rose honey’ (RH) and ‘Cabernet sauvignon’ (CS). Our results demonstrated that all the tested fungal strains were able to achieve successful infection and symbiosis in leaves from both cultivars. The symbiotic efficiencies of the tested fungi in grapevine leaves varied considerably from one fungal strain to another, perhaps due to host-selectivity. Concerning the cultivars, most of the fungal strains that were tested appeared similarly detrimental and similar symbiotic rates between leaves of the two cultivars. Meanwhile, the symbioses of most fungal strains clearly promoted the detected physio-chemical traits compared to the control. Most of these fungal strains, such as RH7, RH12, RH32, and others, conferred greater physio-chemical effects in RH leaves than in CS leaves. Several fungal strains (RH34, RH49 and MDR36) exhibiting high symbiotic efficiency and lower host damage, while initiating greater physio-chemical responses in grape leaves of both cultivars, may potentially be developed for further applications. The results of this study demonstrate that, in addition to grape cells, grape leaves are also able to respond metabolically to endophytes, and also provide a more efficient approach to select candidate endophytes for grape quality management in viticulture.

Soil is an essential component in viticulture. The study reported here concerns the assessment of the morphology chemical and physicochemical features of typical, well-developed and representative evolved Mediterranean soils near Anchuras (Spain, southern Europe), a site with soils that developed on old landforms (Plio-Quaternary) called ‘raña’ and/or ‘rañizo’. The soils under study were described and sampled by conducting soil surveys. Selected soil properties, such as texture, bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), cation exchange capacity (CEC) and contents of organic matter, nutrients, etc., were analysed using standard procedures. The results showed that these landscape surfaces were, linked with specific soil properties such as low pH (from 4.4 to 5.3) and EC (from 0.15 to 0.02 dSm 1 ), clay contents (20.1%–48.8%), high CEC (26–39 cmol/kg), and low base saturation values (from 11.2% to 17.2%), and have an adequate and singular pedological potential in relation to the ‘terroir’ or ‘terron’ concepts that meet suitability criteria. Furthermore, the information provided by this study, fundamentally through the weathering indices, supports the role of soil-forming factors and their influence on soil properties. In addition, as these landforms and underlying materials have abundant and extensive rock fragments, the role of these soils in the context of vineyard growth and development has been investigated, This research was supported by the Winerin Eldoze (Project number UCTR180065)

It is recognized that viticulture and wine sector in general successfully combines traditions and innovations. The Internet of Things technology has already found its way to the vineyards as a prospective innovation. The innovations in wine industry are discussed in the publications, however, IoT not so often falls within the focus. In order to show the production and consumption trends in viticulture we rely mostly on the data accumulated by the International Organization of Vine and Wine. Some analytical materials of Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations were also relevant for this study. The information about implementation of Internet of Things is quite fragmentated by now and was collected from different sources. At least two drivers of Internet of Things in viticulture could be mentioned. The first is the climate change and the need to respond to its challenges by wine growers. Technology helps to detect the changes and suggest the best and timely solutions. The second reason why the IoT has prospective in wine sector follows from the characteristics of wine and its consumption trends. There are quite a few strategic decisions to be taken by wine producer and consumers related to wine. These strategic decisions need to be based on a precise data accumulation and processing. The Internet of things is relevant for the decisions of storage, sales, ratings, and collectibles. The range of end-users of the data processing is wide enough in the wine sector. The Internet of Things is already reality of viticulture and it has prospective to develop further. This paper argues that viticulture is a readily open for the IoT and there is a field for IoT implementation in there.

Creation of new varieties that combine a complex of valuable traits, incl. the marketability and quality of fruits for updating the assortment of sweet cherry is an urgent direction of breeding research. The paper presents the results of a long-term work on the assessment of 12 varieties of sweet cherries of domestic and foreign breeding according to the main parameters of marketability and quality of fruits. The studies were carried out in 2015–2020 on the basis of the «Tsentralnoye» experimental production farm of the North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Winemaking. As a result of regional breeding and long-term variety study sweet cherry varieties of local breeding (Alaya, Volshebnitsa, Chernie glaza) and introduced varieties (Anonce, Vasilisa, Kroupnoplodnaya, Sweet Heart, Skina) with larger fruits (fruit weight of 8.5–12.0 g) were identified. These varieties correspond to world marketability standards. Varieties with high biochemical parameters have been revealed: vitamin C (10.9–13.0 mg/100 g) Volshebnitsa, Podarok leta, Anonce; vitamin P (81.6–116.0 mg/100 g) Volshebnitsa, Podarok leta, Kroupnoplodnaya; anthocyanins (213.5–390.0 mg/100 g) Madonna, Chernie glaza; sugars (14.2–15.2 %) Alaya, Volshebnitsa, Podarok leta; soluble solids (19.8–22.8 %) Alaya and Volshebnitsa. A greatest variation in parameters (Cv = 60 %) was noted in the number of anthocyanins from 87.0 in the Volshebnitsa variety to 390.0 mg/100 g in the Madonna variety. At the same time, the supposed direct correlation between the ripening period and the accumulation of sugars (R2 = 0.083) and dry matter (R2 = 0.107) was not revealed, due primarily to the varietal specifics and year conditions. For modern technologies of the production of high-quality cherry products in the south of the country, domestic varieties Krasnaya devitsa, Volshebnitsa, Alaya, introduced varieties Anonce, Kroupnoplodnaya, Sweet Heart and Skina, stably bearing fruit under stress conditions, with a yield of 20.0 t/ha with a planting scheme 5.3 m, high marketable and taste qualities were suggested. Super early ripening cherry variety Madonna was recommended to expand the regional cherry conveyor.

International audience; The aroma of a wine is mostly driven by not only the factors in the vineyard, such as the grape variety and harvest time, but also the fermentation process. Icewine is a unique, intensely sweet wine made from late harvested grapes that have frozen naturally on the vine. Different from normal table wines, the grapes used in icewine naturally undergo a dehydration process and freeze–thaw cycles, and the must for icewine making has to be pressed from frozen grapes. This pressing process leaves water behind as ice crystals and allows the grape juice to be concentrated with more sugars, acids, and other dissolved solids, resulting in a slower than normal fermentation. These special procedures can lead to a unique aroma characteristic of icewine. This review delves into recent advances in chemical compounds related to icewine aroma characteristics and addresses how changes in these aroma characteristics and composition are influenced by environmental, viticultural, and oenological factors in the vineyard and winery. Deficiencies in previous studies and future trends related to the flavor science of icewine were also briefly addressed.

The article analyzes the state of development of the viticulture and wine industry in the Republic of Uzbekistan, analyzes the assortment and classification of products, highlights the requirement for the quality standard of table grapes (UNECE FFV-19), elaborates recommendations for ensuring the quality and safety of the wine industry and increasing their export potential.

The objects of research were the landscapes of the lands of the right bank of the Don River from the village of Bessergenevskaya to the farm of Starozolotovsky and the banks of its tributaries of the Kerchik River, the Sukhoi Donets River and the Seversky Donets River at the mesorelief level and landscape-forming factors-geology, relief, soil and groundwater. The research method was the study of historical and literary data on viticulture on the Right Bank of the Nizhnij Don, obtaining the necessary landscape- forming data by manual drilling of wells to a depth of up to 10 m with a morphological description of their soil, geological and hydrogeological profile, with the selection for chemical analysis of soil and ground water samples made in the design and survey bureau of the Institute. The purpose of the research was to study the factors limiting the productivity of vineyards, the optimal ampeloecological conditions of the microlandscapes of the Nizhnij Don for the selection of microzones of high-quality winemaking. As a result of the conducted research, the characteristic of the entire variety of landscapes of the right bank of the lower Don and its tributaries from the village of Bessergenevskaya to the farm of Starozolotovsky, corresponding taxonomic levels, qualitatively different from each other by landscape-forming factors, taking into account the degree of their influence on plant growth, yield, quality of grapes and products obtained from it, is given. Two ecological and landscape zones of grape cultivation on the right bank of the Nizhnij Don are identified — the zone of sloping lands and the zone of steppe landscapes of the watershed territory, with the greatest attention paid to the first zone, the conditions of which differ from the second zone in a large variety and are most suitable for traditional viticulture of the Don. Limiting factors in the development of the slope lands of the right bank of the Nizhnij Don are their great steepness, which are deformed by ancient landslides and erosion processes,ъ the inaccessibility of groundwater for grape roots, which in most cases are blocked by landslides and a thick layer of deluvium.

The research was carried out in 2009, 2010, 2017, 2018 on the grape plantations of the experimental site of the Novocherkassk branch of the All-Russian Research Institute for Viticulture and Winemaking (Novocherkassk, Rostov region). In the vineyard of the Kunlean variety (rootstock Kober 5BB), planted in 2003 according to the 3x1.5 m scheme, the experiment provided for two options with bush shapes: a two-sided horizontal cordon and a two-sided horizontal cordon with a ground sleeve and a recovery knot. On the root-related plantings of grapes tolerant to phylloxera of the Pervenets Magaracha variety, planted in 1986 according to the same scheme, the forms of the bush were studied: a two-sided horizontal cordon, a long-sleeve and a two-sided horizontal cordon with a ground sleeve and a recovery knot. The load of shoots in all variants for both varieties was the same — 40 shoots per bush. The purpose of the research was a comparative analysis of the fruitfulness, yield and quality of grapes, depending on the shape of the bush. As a result of many years of research, it was revealed: on the Pervenets Magaracha variety, the highest rates of fertility (the share of fruit-bearing shoots is 82 %, K 1 — 1.45) and yield (14.0 t/ha) were in plantings with the form of bushes-a two-sided horizontal cordon with a ground sleeve and a recovery knot. The quality of the grapes was approximately equal in the variants with a long-sleeve and shaping and a two-sided horizontal cordon with a ground sleeve. The data on the annual growth of shoots were the lowest in the variant with a single-arm stem shape (shoot volume of 7.9 cm 3 , maturation of 44 %). On the Kunlean variety, the highest parameters of fruitfulness (the share of fruit — bearing shoots is 85 %, K 1 — 1.80), yield (27.0 t/ha) and the quality of berry juice (230 sugars and 7.8 g/cm 3 titrated acids) were in plantings with the form of bushes-a two-sided horizontal cordon with a ground sleeve. Data on the annual growth of shoots were also higher in this variant (shoot volume 35.0 cm 3 , aging 68 %).

Grape (Vitis vinifera L. ssp. vinifera) has been identified as part of the Indus Civilization crop assemblage. As a non-native crop, with a wild ancestor that does not grow in the region, its presence in northern South Asia ca. 3200–1300 bc has thus been used to argue variously as evidence for crop diffusion, long distance trade, and the adoption of foreign agricultural strategies and foodways. Grape identification, particularly between wild and domesticated species, is complex. In this article the challenges of identifying ‘grape’ in South Asian antiquity are explored. The overreliance on length, breadth and thickness measurements, with limited description and a lack of standardisation are considered. Furthermore, an examination of the local flora demonstrates that there are multiple Vitaceae genera being possible ‘grape’ contenders in the region. Identification criteria for local Vitaceae need to be better developed to more understand the role of Indus grapes in order for the complicated social interpretations of ‘what grapes means in the Indus’ to be maintained.

Vineyards of ‘Niagara Rosada’ have shown great productive potential. However, the grape production has been affected by factors related to climate adversities. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of plastic cover and bagging of bunches of ‘Niagara Rosada’, in Almirante Tamandaré, PR, Brazil. Plastic cover used was of polyethylene with 250 µm of thickness and bagging of the bunches with white non-woven fabric bags. The treatments were: without plastic cover over the vineyard and without bagging of bunches (control); with plastic cover over the vineyard and without bagging of bunches; with plastic cover over the vineyard and with bagging of bunches; and without plastic cover over the vineyard and with bagging of bunches. To determine the quality of the grapes, we evaluated weight of the bunches and berry, width and length of the bunch, number of berries per bunch, total soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), pH, and SS/TA ratio. In both crop seasons, treatments with the protected plants or bunches were superior in all evaluated traits. The plastic cover and bagging of bunches delayed maturation and improved the physical and chemical characteristics of bunches and berries of ‘Niagara Rosada’. Os vinhedos de ‘Niagara Rosada’ têm mostrado grande potencial produtivo. No entanto, a produção da uva tem sido afetada por fatores relacionados a adversidades climáticas. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da cobertura plástica e do ensacamento dos cachos de ‘Niagara Rosada’ em Almirante Tamandaré, PR, Brasil. A cobertura plástica utilizada foi de polietileno com espessura de 250 µm e o ensacamento dos cachos com tecido não texturizado (TNT) de cor branca. Os tratamentos foram: sem cobertura plástica do vinhedo e sem ensacamento dos cachos (Testemunha), com cobertura plástica do vinhedo e sem ensacamento dos cachos, com cobertura plástica do vinhedo e com ensacamento dos cachos e sem cobertura plástica do vinhedo e com ensacamento dos cachos. Para determinação da qualidade das uvas, avaliou-se massa dos cachos e bagas, largura e comprimento do cacho, número de bagas por cacho, teor de sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez titulável (AT), pH e relação SS/AT. Em ambas as safras, os tratamentos com proteção das plantas ou cachos apresentaram superioridade em todas as características avaliadas. A cobertura plástica e o ensacamento dos cachos atrasaram a maturação e melhoraram as características físicas e químicas dos cachos e bagas da uva ‘Niagara Rosada’.

The aim of this thesis was to determine how the application of ectomycorrhizal mycelium to the root of grapevine affects the chemical composition of wine 'Portugieser'. The experiment was set up in fall 2016. in 3 locations in the area of ZOI Plesivica, when the application of vaccine called „Mykoflor” of a company named Bio-buducnost d.o.o. from Zagreb was also performed. The vaccine was applied to 100 vines of variety 'Portugieser', with the same number of vines serving as a control. Analysis of chemical composition of wine was carried out after the harvest in 2018. at Department of Viticulture and Enology of Faculty of Agriculture in Zagreb in accordance with the O.I.V. (2001.) methods. By High Performance Liquid Cromatography (HPLC), single polyphenolic compounds were determined according to Tomaz and Maslov (2016.) method. Also, sensory evaluation of wine was performed using the method of 100 positive points. The results showed favorable effect of mycorrhiza on chemical composition of wines obtained from infected vines compared to the control wines. Positive effect was manifested in higher concentration of acids, sugar, increase in ash content and lower pH values. Application of mycorhizza also had a positive effect on the polyphenolic composition of wine.