Search

Hydrocarbons are essential base chemicals as energy carriers and starting materials for chemical manufacture. So-called fatty acid photodecarboxylases (FAPs) represent interesting catalysts for the conversion of natural fatty acids into hydrocarbons thereby giving access to alkanes from renewable feedstock. Today, however, only few FAPs are known. In the current study we report a new FAP from the marine organism Micractinium conductrix (McFAP). In contrast to currently known FAPs McFAP exhibits high catalytic activity towards short and medium fatty acids. Recombinant expression and basic biochemical characterisation of this new member of the FAP family is reported.

AimThis study aims to investigate the biological effects of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-derived metabolites in seminal plasma on male fertility and to evaluate the potential of PUFA as a biomarker for normozoospermic male infertility.MethodsFrom September 2011 to April 2012, We collected semen samples from 564 men aged 18 to 50 years old (mean=32.28 years old)ch., residing in the Sandu County, Guizhou Province, China. The donors included 376 men with normozoospermia (fertile: n=267; infertile: n=109) and 188 men with oligoasthenozoospermia (fertile: n=121; infertile: n=67). The samples thus obtained were then analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to detect the levels of PUFA-derived metabolites in April 2013. Data were analyzed from December 1, 2020, to May 15, 2022.ResultsOur analysis of propensity score-matched cohorts revealed that the concentrations of 9/26 and 7/26 metabolites differed significantly between fertile and infertile men with normozoospermia and oligoasthenozoospermia, respectively (FDR < 0.05). In men with normozoospermia, higher levels of 7(R)-MaR1 (HR: 0.4 (95% CI [0.24, 0.64]) and 11,12-DHET (0.36 (95% CI [0.21, 0.58]) were significantly associated with a decreased risk of infertility, while higher levels of 17(S)-HDHA (HR: 2.32 (95% CI [1.44, 3.79]), LXA5 (HR: 8.38 (95% CI [4.81, 15.24]), 15d-PGJ2 (HR: 1.71 (95% CI [1.06, 2.76]), and PGJ2 (HR: 2.28 (95% CI [1.42, 3.7]) correlated with an increased risk of infertility. Our ROC model using the differentially expressed metabolites showed the value of the area under the curve to be 0.744.ConclusionThe PUFA-derived metabolites 7(R)-MaR1, 11,12-DHET, 17(S)-HDHA, LXA5, and PGJ2 might be considered as potential diagnostic biomarkers of infertility in normozoospermic men.

ObjectivesRecombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion protein (EC) was anticipated to be used for the scale-up of clinical application for diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in China, but it lacked a head-to-head economic evaluation based on the Chinese population. This study aimed to estimate the cost-utility and the cost-effectiveness of both EC and tuberculin pure protein derivative (TB-PPD) for diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in the short term.MethodsFrom a Chinese societal perspective, both cost-utility analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis were performed to evaluate the economics of EC and TB-PPD for a one-year period based on clinical trials and decision tree model, with quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) as the utility-measured primary outcome and diagnostic performance (including the misdiagnosis rate, the omission diagnostic rate, the number of patients correctly classified, and the number of tuberculosis cases avoided) as the effective-measured secondary outcome. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to validate the robustness of the base-case analysis, and a scenario analysis was conducted to evaluate the difference in the charging method between EC and TB-PPD.ResultsThe base-case analysis showed that, compared with TB-PPD, EC was the dominant strategy with an incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR) of saving 192,043.60 CNY per QALY gained, and with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of saving 7,263.53 CNY per misdiagnosis rate reduction. In addition, there was no statistical difference in terms of the omission diagnostic rate, the number of patients correctly classified, and the number of tuberculosis cases avoided, and EC was a similar cost-saving strategy with a lower test cost (98.00 CNY) than that of TB-PPD (136.78 CNY). The sensitivity analysis showed the robustness of cost-utility and cost-effectiveness analysis, and the scenario analysis indicated cost-utility in EC and cost-effectiveness in TB-PPD.ConclusionThis economic evaluation from a societal perspective showed that, compared to TB-PPD, EC was likely to be a cost-utility and cost-effective intervention in the short term in China.

The difficulty of English book translation lies in the need to recognize English characters in a complex background and perform accurate classification and translation. Based on the deep generative model, this paper constructs an intelligent translation system for English books based on machine learning and proposes an improved image restoration algorithm based on LSGAN on the basis of the image restoration algorithm based on DCGAN. Moreover, this paper optimizes the structure of the LSGAN network to a certain extent, improves the stability of the network, combines context loss and perceptual loss to find the most suitable generated image for filling. In addition, based on the VAE and GAN network structure, this paper proposes an improved image restoration algorithm based on VAE-GAN to improve the integrity of English characters and perform intelligent recognition. Finally, this paper analyzes through the experimental form, and after setting the identification object, the model constructed in this paper is used for translation, the translation accuracy and classification accuracy rate are calculated, and the performance analysis is performed after the statistical data. From the research results, it can be seen that the artificial intelligence model constructed in this paper has certain practical effects.

Recycling of Fe-rich materials through subduction may affect the element budgets and redox properties of the mantle, thus influencing the differentiation trends and mineralization types of mantle-derived magmas. However, the effects of different recycled Fe-rich materials on the mantle are dependent on their lithologies, which are still poorly constrained. Stable Fe isotopes can act as useful tracers for distinguishing among different recycled Fe-rich lithologies, and their imprints may be documented in mantle-derived magmas. This study focuses on the Fe isotopes of ferrobasalts and the associated dacites and magnetite ores in the Chagangnuoer Fe deposit of the Awulale Arc, Central Asia, to identify recycled Fe-rich materials and explore the Fe enrichment mechanism in continental arcs. Our results indicate that the ferrobasalts and dacites possess the lowest known δ56Fe, −0.40‰ ± 0.04‰ (2SE), among their counterparts worldwide. The low δ56Fe signatures are considered to originate from a hybridized mantle source, which may have been modified by recycled ferrocarbonates. The recycled ferrocarbonates may have melted during the decompressional heating stage of the slab subduction of the South Tianshan Ocean, coupled with asthenospheric upwelling under “wet” mantle conditions. The addition of ferrocarbonate melts to the mantle might have decreased the oxygen fugacity of the mantle wedge to below the fayalite−magnetite−quartz buffer, accounting for the Fe enrichment in arc tholeiites and large-scale Fe mineralization along the Awulale. Notably, our study reveals a novel carbonate recycling pathway in the cold subduction zones, where ferrocarbonates were subducted into the mantle and then recycled by the upwelling asthenosphere to mix with the fluid-metasomatized mantle through mantle convection.

Plant viral diseases cause the loss of millions of dollars to agriculture around the world annually. Therefore, the development of highly efficient, ultra-low-dosage agrochemicals is desirable for protecting the health of crops and ensuring food security. Herein, a series of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives bearing an isopropanol amine moiety was prepared, and the inhibitory activity against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was assessed. Notably, compound

Bacterial biofilms are the root cause of persistent and chronic phytopathogenic bacterial infections. Therefore, developing novel agrochemicals that target the biofilm of phytopathogenic bacteria has been regarded as an innovative tactic to suppress their invasive infection or decrease bacterial drug resistance. In this study, a series of natural pterostilbene (PTE) derivatives were designed, and their antibacterial potency and antibiofilm ability were assessed. Notably, compound

To unceasingly expand the molecular diversity of 1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-carbohydrazides, herein, small fragments (including -CH

The time and processes of hydrothermal mineralization are long-standing problems in geology. This work addresses these questions with reference to the Maoniuping giant rare earth elements (REE) deposit (southwest China), which has rare earth oxides (REO) reserves of 3.17 million tons with an average grade of 2.95 wt%. Bastnäsite is the dominant economic mineral, occurring as four distinct paragenetic types in the Maoniuping syenite–carbonatite complex: (1) primary euhedral bastnäsite (type-A) in syenite, with isolated melt inclusions; (2) macro-crystalline tabular euhedral bastnäsite (type-B) in pegmatitic dikes, with a diverse variety of fluid inclusions; (3) fine-grained, anhedral veinlet-disseminated bastnäsite (type-C) in syenite; and (4) coarse-grained anhedral bastnäsite (type-D) in carbonatite dikes, occurring as veinlets or interstitial to calcite, fluorite, and barite. From the paragenetic and compositional variations, it is inferred that type-A bastnäsite is of primary magmatic origin, whereas the other three types have characteristics of hydrothermal origins. In situ LA-ICP-MS U-Pb geochronology of the four types of bastnäsite results in lower intercept ages of 28.2 ± 0.5 Ma (n = 95, MSWD = 5.10), 27.8 ± 0.4 Ma (n = 43, MSWD = 0.73), 26.8 ± 0.7 Ma (n = 50, MSWD = 0.83), and 25.8 ± 0.7 Ma (n = 55, MSWD = 1.70), respectively, which are consistent with the weighted average 206Pb/238U and 208Pb/232Th ages by 207Pb-correction method. Compositional variations of clinopyroxene and apatite from the associated syenite, pegmatitic and carbonatitic dikes indicate a genetic relationship of the Maoniuping alkaline complex. The compositions of clinopyroxene range from Ae44–67Di14–18Hd17–41 in pegmatitic dikes, Ae43–66Di6–20Hd21–38 in carbonatitic dikes to Ae68–90Di0–3Hd10–30 in syenite. Apatites in the pegmatitic and carbonatitic dikes have similar compositions with higher F, total REE, and Sr, and lower CaO contents than those in the syenite, which suggests a cogenetic origin for the associated pegmatite and carbonatite. Clinopyroxene and apatite compositions suggest that the pegmatitic melt might differentiate directly from the initial carbonatitic melt rather than the syenitic magma. The bastnäsite U-Pb geochronology and minerals data indicate continuous magmatic-hydrothermal evolution for the REE mineralization in the Maoniuping alkaline complex.

Intermetallic Cu11In9 that is in situ engrafted with heterogeneous Cu–In(OH)x surface and seamlessly integrated on hierarchical nanoporous Cu scaffold (Cu11In9/Cu) is developed for highly selective CO2 electroreduction to CO.

Honglei Hu,1,2,* Shuting Zheng,1,2,* Meirong Hou,1,2 Kai Zhu,1,2 Chuyao Chen,1 Zede Wu,1,2 Li Qi,3 Yunyan Ren,1 Bin Wu,4 Yikai Xu,1 Chenggong Yan,1,5 Bingxia Zhao2,6 1Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China; 2Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China; 3Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Medical Imaging and Diagnostic Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China; 4Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Respiratory Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, People’s Republic of China; 5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China; 6Experimental Education/Administration Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Bingxia Zhao; Yikai Xu, Tel +86 20 61647272; +86 20 62787333, Email bingxiaz@gmail.com; yikaixu917@gmail.comBackground: Radiotherapy (RT) is clinically well-established cancer treatment. However, radioresistance remains a significant issue associated with failure of RT. Phototherapy-induced radiosensitization has recently attracted attention in translational cancer research.Methods: Cu-Sb-S nanoparticles (NPs) coated with ultra-small Au nanocrystals (Au@Cu-Sb-S) were synthesized and characterized. The biosafety profiles, absorption of near-infrared (NIR) laser and radiation-enhancing effect of the NPs were evaluated. In vitro and in vivo spectral computed tomography (CT) imaging and photoacoustic (PA) imaging were performed in 4T1 breast cancer-bearing mice. The synergetic radio-phototherapy was assessed by in vivo tumor inhibition studies.Results: Au@Cu-Sb-S NPs were prepared by in situ growth of Au NCs on the surface of Cu-Sb-S NPs. The cell viability experiments showed that the combination of Au@Cu-Sb-S+NIR+RT was significantly more cytotoxic to tumor cells than the other treatments at concentrations above 25 ppm Sb. In vitro and in vivo spectral CT imaging demonstrated that the X-ray attenuation ability of Au@Cu-Sb-S NPs was superior to that of the clinically used Iodine, particularly at lower KeV levels. Au@Cu-Sb-S NPs showed a concentration-dependent and remarkable PA signal brightening effect. In vivo tumor inhibition studies showed that the prepared Au@Cu-Sb-S NPs significantly suppressed tumor growth in 4T1 breast cancer-bearing mice treated with NIR laser irradiation and an intermediate X-ray dose (4 Gy).Conclusion: These results indicate that Au@Cu-Sb-S integrated with spectral CT, PA imaging, and phototherapy-enhanced radiosensitization is a promising multifunctional theranostic nanoplatform for clinical applications.Keywords: Au@Cu-Sb-S nanoparticle, phototherapy, radiotherapy, spectral CT, photoacoustic imaging

When strapdown gravimeter measures the underwater gravity field, the drift of inertial sensors, which is caused by thermal effects, degrades the performance. To solve this problem, a dual-sensor system for underwater gravity measurement is used. It is equipped with electrostatic suspended accelerometers (high-drift but high-resolution) and rotary modulation inertial measurement units (low-drift but low-resolution). For the dual-sensor gravimeter, we propose a new structure of the data processing algorithm. This Kalman-filter-based algorithm combines the advantage of two kinds of sensors to output low-drift and accurate gravity values. The data-fusion algorithm includes the drift estimation step and the Markov prediction step. The detailed structure and key issues are also described. Further, the performance of the algorithm is analyzed by simulation and real-world experiments. The result of real-world experiments shows that the accuracy of the gravity measurement in static conditions reaches 0.72mGal and the dynamic accuracy reaches about 1.96mGal.

Skin barrier dysfunction in the setting of atopic dermatitis (AD) leads to cutaneous allergen sensitization (CAS).1 The atopic march hypothesis proposes that CAS leads to the subsequent development of other allergic disorders such as asthma and food allergy.2-5 The latter is associated with IgE-mediated anaphylaxis6. However, the precise mechanisms by which CAS promotes IgE-mediated allergic responses remain unclear. We thus established a CAS model of anaphylaxis and identified a unique role of the Interleukin (IL)-13 signal in DCs to generate anaphylactic IgE responses. Single-cell RNA-seq revealed the emergence of IL-13 receptor alpha 1 chain (IL-13Rα1)-expressing type 2 conventional dendritic cells (cDC2s) in CAS. Similar DC populations were identified in allergic rhinitis humans with cedar pollan-specific IgE antibodies. Lineage-specific disruption of IL-13 signaling resulted in a marked reduction in cDC2s that highly expressed MHC class II: these cells controlled the germinal center entry of TFH cells required for IgE responses. These data reveal a unique role for IL-13 in controlling the expansion of MHCIIhi cDC2s and associated TFH cell responses in the setting of allergy.

The contributions of deeply subducted slabs to post-collisional magmatism are poorly constrained. Here, we present a study of the post-collisional, Early Permian (ca. 279 Ma), Hamisite basalts from the Western Tianshan NW China to trace the geochemical fingerprints of deeply subducted slab. The Hamisite basalts have arc-like trace element patterns but high Nb/Ta ratios (18.4−23.0). They have slightly enriched Sr−Nd isotopic compositions (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7048−0.7052; εNd[t] = 2.02−3.85), which indicates that the basalts were derived from an enriched mantle source. Extremely low δ7Li values (−5.76‰ to 0.20‰) imply the involvement of a deeply subducted slab (i.e., eclogites) in the source. Correlations among Nb/Ta and (Dy/Yb)N ratios, and rare earth element contents, indicate that the deeply subducted slab contained residual rutile and garnet but no epidote. Given that melting of eclogites requires an anomalously hot mantle source, we propose that mantle upwelling during post-collisional extension triggered melting of the deeply subducted slab. Our results indicate that melting of a deeply subducted slab can generate a metasomatized mantle source with high Nb/Ta ratios, which could be a hidden, high-Nb/Ta reservoir on Earth. Low δ7Li values and high Nb/Ta ratios could be a fingerprint of recycling of a deeply subducted slab.

IntroductionThis study aims to compare the differences in circulating adiponectin levels and their relationships to regional adiposity, insulin resistance, serum lipid, and inflammatory factors in young, healthy Japanese women with different physical activity statuses.MethodsAdipokines (adiponectin and leptin), full serum lipid, and inflammatory factors [white blood cell counts, C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)] were measured in 101 sedentary and 100 endurance-trained healthy Japanese women (aged 18–23 years). Insulin sensitivity was obtained through a quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI). Regional adiposity [trunk fat mass (TFM), lower-body fat mass (LFM), and arm fat mass (AFM)] was evaluated using the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method.ResultsNo significant difference was observed between the sedentary and trained women in terms of adiponectin levels. The LFM-to-TFM ratio and the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were the strong positive determinants for adiponectin in both groups. Triglyceride in the sedentary women was closely and negatively associated with adiponectin, as well as PAI-1 in the trained women. The QUICKI level was higher in the trained than sedentary women. However, no significant correlation between adiponectin and insulin sensitivity was detected in both groups. Furthermore, LFM was associated with a favorable lipid profile against cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in the whole study cohort, but this association became insignificant when adiponectin was taken into account.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that adiponectin is primarily associated with regional adiposity and HDL-C regardless of insulin sensitivity and physical activity status in young, healthy women. The associations among adiponectin, lipid, and inflammatory factors are likely different in women with different physical activity statuses. The correlation of LFM and a favorable lipid profile against CVD and adiponectin is likely involved in this association.

Gram-negative bacteria are major pathogens that can cause illnesses in giant pandas. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), components of Gram-negative bacteria, can activate immune responses in mammals (i.e., humans and mice) through recognition by toll-like receptors (TLRs). However, the giant pandas’ immune response to LPS stimulation and the differences between the giant panda and other mammals are not fully known. In this study, we administrated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from giant pandas, humans, C57BL/6 mice, and rhesus monkeys by LPS treatment at 6 h followed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), respectively, with control of non-stimulation. KEGG analyses of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) pathways indicated that LPS could activate the classic signaling pathway of NF-κB in PBMCs from those four tested species. Thus, similar to the other three species, NF-κB is an LPS-responsive regulator of innate immune responses in giant pandas. Furthermore, the expression patterns of adapter genes, inflammatory cytokine genes, chemokines, interferon genes, cytokine genes related to cell growth and development, costimulatory molecules, Th1/Th2 cytokine genes, Th17 cytokine genes, Th9, and Th22 cytokine genes were compared among giant pandas and three other species. Our data indicated that in addition to the similar expression patterns of certain genes among giant pandas and other species, the unique expression pattern response to LPS in giant pandas was also discovered. Furthermore, Th9, Th17, and Th22 cells might be involved in the response to LPS in giant pandas at this tested time point. This study reveals that LPS-induced immune responses have different sensitivities and response timelines in giant pandas compared with other mammals. This study facilitates further understanding of the role of the TLR signaling pathway and the immune system in giant pandas, which might be helpful for disease prevention and protection.

In this study, we use complex analysis to investigate the phase transition of the black hole thermodynamic system. We find that the phase transition of a black hole is governed by a local winding number. By decomposing the obtained winding number, we endow the phase transition with concrete and vivid complex structure characteristics. There are three basic elements: (1) when the winding number is one, there is no phase transition, and the corresponding complex structure is the Riemann surface with one foliation; (2) the winding number is two, which corresponds to the second-order phase transition and has a Riemann surface with two foliations; (3) when the winding number is three, it means that the first-order phase transition will occur, accompanied by the second-order phase transition, which has a Riemann surface with three foliations. Especially, a black hole thermodynamic system with a triple point has a structure of the Riemann surface with five foliations. We can also predict the phase transition when the winding number is four. There will be two kinds of decompositions, implying that such a system will undergo a mixture of first-order and second-order phase transitions, or only the pure second-order phase transition respectively., v1:6 pages, 3 figures; v2: add References and some comments

We study transverse momentum anisotropies, in particular, the elliptic flow $v_2$ due to the interference effect sourced by valence quarks in high-energy hadron-hadron collisions. Our main formula is derived as the high-energy (eikonal) limit of the impact-parameter dependent cross section in quantum field theory, which agrees with that in terms of the impact parameter in the classical picture. As a quantitative assessment of the interference effect, we calculate $v_2$ in the azimuthal distribution of gluons at a comprehensive coverage of the impact parameter and the transverse momentum in high-energy pion-pion collisions. In a broad range of the impact parameter, a sizable amount of $v_2$, comparable with that produced due to saturated dense gluons or final-state interactions, is found to develop. In our calculations, the valence sector of the pion wave function is obtained numerically from the Basis Light-Front Quantization, a non-perturbative light-front Hamiltonian approach. And our formalism is generic and can be applied to other small collision systems like proton-proton collisions.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Extended data for Figure 1. Uncropped Western blot images of (A) Actin, (B) GM130, (C)TSG101, (D) CD81, (E) CD9, and (F) CD63.

DSF target calibration and the specific acquisition mode of the PSD

The voter model on networks is crucial to understand opinion formation. Uni-directional social interactions are ubiquitous in real social networks whereas undirected interactions are intensively studied. We establish a voter model on a dynamical directed network. We show that the opinion invasion is captured by a replicator equation of an emergent four-player two-strategy game, and the average in(out)-degree for the two opinions is fully captured by an emergent three-player two-strategy game. Interestingly, it is shown that the difference between the two emergent games arises from the uni-directionality of the network. The difference implies that the opinion with a small number of disciples can take over the population for in-group bias, provided that the network is directed. Our work makes an explicit connection between opinion dynamics and evolutionary games.

In this article, the strong coupling constants of vertices $BBΥ$, $BB^{*}Υ$, $B^{*}B^{*}Υ$, $BB^{*}η_{b}$ and $B^{*}B^{*}η_{b}$ are analyzed in the framework of QCD sum rules. In this work, all possible off-shell cases and the contributions of vacuum condensate terms including $\langle\overline{q}q\rangle$, $\langle\overline{q}g_{s}σGq\rangle$, $\langle g_{s}^{2}G^{2}\rangle$, $\langle f^{3}G^{3}\rangle$ and $\langle\overline{q}q\rangle\langle g_{s}^{2}G^{2}\rangle$ are considered. The momentum dependent strong coupling constants are first calculated and then are fitted into analytical functions $g(Q^{2})$ which are used to extrapolate into time-like regions to obtain the final values of strong coupling constants. The final results are $g_{BBΥ}=40.67^{+7.55}_{-4.20}$, $g_{BB^{*}Υ}=11.58^{+2.19}_{-1.09}$ GeV$^{-1}$, $g_{B^{*}B^{*}Υ}=57.02^{+5.32}_{-5.31}$, $g_{BB^{*}η_{b}}=23.39^{+4.74}_{-2.30}$ and $g_{B^{*}B^{*}η_{b}}=12.49^{+2.12}_{-1.35}$ GeV$^{-1}$. These strong coupling constants are important input parameters which reflect the dynamic properties of the interactions among the mesons and quarkonia.

Additional file 1.

Additional file 1.

Targeting the virulence factors of phytopathogenic bacteria is an innovative strategy for alleviating or eliminating the pathogenicity and rapid outbreak of plant microbial diseases. Therefore, several types of 1,2,4-triazole thioethers bearing an amide linkage were prepared and screened to develop virulence factor inhibitors. Besides, the 1,2,4-triazole scaffold was exchanged by a versatile 1,3,4-oxadiazole core to expand molecular diversity. Bioassay results revealed that a 1,2,4-triazole thioether

Porphyry deposits are the main source for global Cu and Mo production. The generation of hydrous silicate magmas and subsequent separation of volatile-rich magmatic fluids with hydrothermal alteration are significant processes leading to the formation of porphyry deposits. However, a specific understanding of these processes has been limited by a lack of direct mineralogical records in the evolving magmatic-hydrothermal system. In this paper, we present an integrated textural and geochemical investigation on apatite from the giant Daheishan porphyry Mo deposit in NE China, illustrating that apatite can be a potential recorder of the magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of porphyry systems. Apatite from the ore-forming porphyry displays distinctive core-rim textures, with melt inclusions in the resorption cores (Type-A1) and co-existing of melt and fluid inclusions in the euhedral rims (Type-A2), indicating a magmatic-hydrothermal origin of apatite. This is also supported by both chemical and isotopic compositions obtained by in situ analyses using laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and LA-multi collector-ICP-MS. The late Type-A2 apatite is relatively enriched in incompatible elements, such as rare earth elements (REE) and Th, but slightly depleted in fluid-mobile elements such as Na and S, compared to the early Type-A1 apatite. Relatively homogeneous (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios (0.70436–0.70504) of the Type-A1 and Type-A2 apatites indicate that they were formed in a relatively closed system without detectable contamination. Meanwhile, some apatite in the wall rock (biotite granodiorite) shows characteristics of secondary altered textures, resulting from the intensive alteration by hydrothermal fluids exsolved from the porphyry system. Apatite trapped in mineral phenocrysts of the wall rock is usually unaltered (Type-B1 apatite), with clear oscillatory growth zones in cathodoluminescence (CL) images. In contrast, the intergranular apatite is commonly altered (Type-B2 apatite), with chaotic zoning in CL images, abundant micro-fractures and secondary fluid inclusions. Compositionally, the Type-B2 apatite shows notable tetrad REE patterns, relatively lower light-REE and S contents, and elevated 147Sm/144Nd ratios compared to the Type-B1 apatite. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating yields a lower intercept age of 171.4 ± 2.3 Ma for Type-B2, which is consistent with the age of 171.5 ± 2.4 Ma for Type-A2, but is notably younger than the Type-B1 apatite (175.5 ± 1.3 Ma). It is suggested that the Type-B2 apatite has been significantly reset by hydrothermal fluids exsolved from the porphyry system. Therefore, we conclude that the textures and geochemistry of apatite in porphyry systems can be used as a potential proxy for recording fluid exsolution and hydrothermal alteration processes.

Gong Feng,1 Wu-Bin Shu,2 A-Bing Li2 1School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Orthopedics, Ningbo Yinzhou Second Hospital, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: A-Bing LiDepartment of Orthopedics, Ningbo Yinzhou Second Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315100, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-15088557621Email bing19890807@hotmail.comBackground: The aim of the study was to develop a nomogram to predict the overall survival (OS) of patients with solitary plasmacytoma of bone (SBP).Materials and Methods: Patients diagnosed with SBP between 1993 and 2012 were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. All eligible patients were randomly allocated to the training sets and the validation sets. The nomogram was developed with the training set and validated with the validation set using the concordance index (C-index), calibration plots, and decision curve analyses (DCA).Results: Age, marital status, tumor grade, treatment were independent prognostic indicators for OS (P< 0.05) and were integrated to construct the nomogram. C-indexes for OS prediction in the training and validation sets were 0.78 and 0.73, respectively. The calibration plots demonstrated good consistency between the predicted and actual survival. DCA demonstrated that the new model has great benefits. In the total cohort, the median OS of patients in the low- and high-risk groups were 12.17 (95% CI 11.92– 12.42) and 3.92 (95% CI 2.83– 5.01) years, respectively.Conclusion: The nomogram showed excellent applicability and accuracy, which could be a reliable tool for predicting OS in SBP patients.Keywords: solitary bone plasmacytoma, cancer risk factors, SEER, nomogram

Airway inflammation and remodeling are critical pathological changes in asthma, and macrophage activation plays a vital role in this process. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) reduces airway inflammation by affecting macrophages in asthma. This study aimed to investigate the potential benefit and underlying mechanism of the SIRT1 agonist bergenin as a treatment for asthma. We performed in vivo and in vitro experiments by establishing a Sirt1fl/fl-LysMcre mouse asthma model and using the alveolar macrophage-like cell line MH-S, respectively. Our results show that Sirt1fl/fl-LysMcre asthmatic mice exhibited more severe airway inflammation and airway remodeling than wild-type mice. As an activator of SIRT1, bergenin attenuated asthmatic airway pathology and reduced production of interleukins 1β, IL-5, IL-6, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) in wild-type asthmatic mice. However, the therapeutic effects of bergenin were significantly attenuated in Sirt1fl/fl-LysMcre asthmatic mice or following coadministration with the SIRT1 inhibitor EX-527. Further experiments showed that activation of SIRT1 by bergenin deacetylates nuclear factor κB and hinders its nuclear translocation, thereby affecting IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, and MMP-9 production by regulating transcriptional activity. Our study suggests that bergenin can improve asthma-induced airway inflammation and remodeling by activating SIRT1 in macrophages.

The self-healing properties and ionic sensing capabilities of the human skin offer inspiring groundwork for the designs of stretchable iontronic skins. However, from electronic to ionic mechanosensitive skins, simultaneously achieving autonomously superior self-healing properties, superior elasticity, and effective control of ion dynamics in a homogeneous system is rarely feasible. Here, we report a Cl-functionalized iontronic pressure sensitive material (CLiPS), designed via the introduction of Cl-functionalized groups into a polyurethane matrix, which realizes an ultrafast, autonomous self-healing speed (4.3 µm/min), high self-healing efficiency (91% within 60 min), and mechanosensitive piezo-ionic dynamics. This strategy promotes both an excellent elastic recovery (100%) and effective control of ion dynamics because the Cl groups trap the ions in the system via ion-dipole interactions, resulting in excellent pressure sensitivity (7.36 kPa-1) for tactile sensors. The skin-like sensor responds to pressure variations, demonstrating its potential for touch modulation in future wearable electronics and human–machine interfaces.

The self-healing properties and ionic sensing capabilities of the human skin offer inspiring groundwork for the designs of stretchable iontronic skins. However, from electronic to ionic mechanosensitive skins, simultaneously achieving autonomously superior self-healing properties, superior elasticity, and effective control of ion dynamics in a homogeneous system is rarely feasible. Here, we report a Cl-functionalized iontronic pressure sensitive material (CLiPS), designed via the introduction of Cl-functionalized groups into a polyurethane matrix, which realizes an ultrafast, autonomous self-healing speed (4.3 µm/min), high self-healing efficiency (91% within 60 min), and mechanosensitive piezo-ionic dynamics. This strategy promotes both an excellent elastic recovery (100%) and effective control of ion dynamics because the Cl groups trap the ions in the system via ion-dipole interactions, resulting in excellent pressure sensitivity (7.36 kPa−1) for tactile sensors. The skin-like sensor responds to pressure variations, demonstrating its potential for touch modulation in future wearable electronics and human–machine interfaces.

Background: The hydrogen evolution reaction is a crucial step in electrochemical water splitting to generate molecular hydrogen with high purity, but it usually suffers from a sluggish reaction kinetics in alkaline media because of additional water dissociation and/or improper adsorption energy of reactive hydrogen intermediates. It is desirable to design highly active and robust nonprecious electrocatalysts as alternatives to state-of-the-art commercially available Pt/C catalysts for large-scale hydrogen production via water-alkali electrolysis. Methods: We developed monolithic nanoporous hybrid electrodes composed of electroactive Mo@MoOx nanoparticles, which are seamlessly integrated on hierarchical nanoporous Cu scaffold (Cu/Mo@MoOx) by making use of a spontaneous phase separation of Mo nanoparticles and subsequently, self-grown MoOx in chemical dealloying. Results: Owing to the unique monolithic electrode architecture, in which the constituent Mo@MoOx nanoparticles work as electroactive sites and the hierarchical nanoporous Cu skeleton serves as fast electron-transfer and mass-transport pathways, the monolithic nanoporous Cu/Mo@MoOx hybrid electrode exhibits superior electrocatalysis in 1 M KOH, with a low Tafel slope of 66 mV dec−1 and outstanding stability. It only takes them ~185 mV overpotential to reach −400 mA cm−2, ~150 mV lower than that of nanoporous Cu supported Pt/C. Conclusion: The outstanding electrochemical performance and excellent structural stability make nanoporous Cu/Mo@MoOx electrodes attractive alternatives to Pt/C catalysts in alkaline-based devices.

The present application scenarios of the Internet of Things (IoT) often require the equipment to be adaptable, the resource allocation to be efficient, and the signal monitoring and transmission to be effective. However, the existing algorithms cannot solve the problem of system capacity reduction caused by the mutual interference between regions in data rates. Aiming at effectively improving the performance of the IoT monitoring system and ensuring the fairness of each monitoring terminal, this paper attempts to explore interference suppression and resource allocation strategies based on IoT monitoring. First, the paper established an IoT monitoring network model, and elaborated on interference suppression strategies for inter-layer interferences of “Macro Base Station (BS) – Micro Cells” and “Micro BS – Macro Cells” and for intra-layer interference that include the interference between local monitoring networks and interference between terminals in local area networks; then, the paper proposed a sub-carrier resource allocation scheme for IoT monitoring system with multiple inputs and outputs and a water-filling strategy of system channel power; at last, experimental results verified the effectiveness of the proposed interference suppression and resource allocation algorithm.

The high recurrence rate of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (BC) and poor prognosis of advanced BC are therapeutic challenges that need to be solved. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) perfusion was the pioneer immunotherapy for early BC, and the discovery of immune checkpoint inhibitors has created a new chapter in the treatment of advanced BC. The benefit of immunotherapy is highly anticipated, but its effectiveness still needs to be improved. In this review, we collated and analysed the currently available information and explored the mechaisms by which the internal immune imbalance of BC leads to tumour progression. The relationship between immunity and progression and the prognosis of BC has been explored through tests using body fluids such as blood and urine. These analytical tests have attempted to identify specific immuyne cells and cytokines to predict treatment outcomes and recurrence. The diversity and proportion of immune and matrix cells in BC determine the heterogeneity and immune status of tumours. The role and classification of immune cells have also been redefined, e.g., CD4 cells having recognised cytotoxicity in BC. Type 2 immunity, including that mediated by M2 macrophages, Th2 cells, and interleukin (IL)-13, plays an important role in the recurrence and progression of BC. Pathological fibrosis, activated by type 2 immunity and cancer cells, enhances the rate of cancer progression and irreversibility. Elucidating the immune status of BC and clarifying the mechanisms of action of different cells in the tumour microenvironment is the research direction to be explored in the future.

Corrected QT (QTc) interval prolongation is one of the common causes of sudden cardiac death in patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. However, there are few studies on QTc prolongation in MHD patients. The concentration of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in hemodialysis population increased, and LDH was associated with the mortality of MHD patients. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between QTc interval prolongation and LDH in MHD patients.This is a cross-sectional observational study. Patients who underwent MHD for more than 3 months in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from November 2012 to November 2019 with complete data were selected as the research subjects. The patients were divided into the normal QTc interval group and the QTc interval prolongation group. The general data of patients and clinical laboratory indicators were collected retrospectively from the electronic medical record system. Pearson correlation analysis and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the correlation between LDH and QTc interval prolongation; the cut-off value of LDH predicting QTc interval prolongation was calculated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.The LDH level in the prolonged QTc interval group was significantly higher than that in the normal group (301.96±110.91 vs. 215.39±67.65, t=-8.03, P0.001). QTc interval and LDH (r=0.386) were positively correlated. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that LDH, serum potassium4 mmol/L, serum phosphorus, and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVDd) were independent related factors for QTc interval prolongation. The ROC curve results showed that LDH =220 U/L was the best cutoff point for predicting QTc interval prolongation in MHD patients, with a sensitivity of 81.45% and a specificity of 59.35%. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the LDH220 U/L group was 6.34 times more likely to have QTc interval prolongation than the LDH ≤220 U/L group (OR 6.34, 95% CI: 3.47-11.58, P0.001).LDH in MHD patients is closely related to QTc interval prolongation. Serum LDH, ionic calcium, serum phosphorus and potassium may predict QTc interval prolongation. Monitoring related indicators can remind clinicians to intervene as soon as possible to reduce the potential risk of arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death (SCD).

The hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) is involved in the process of hepatocellular carcinoma via the activation of various oncogenes. Our previous study indicated that ARBB1 (arrestin beta 1) promotes hepatocellular carcinogenesis (HCC). However, the role of ARRB1 in HBx-related HCC remains unclear. Herein, we identified that ARRB1 was upregulated by HBx in vivo and in vitro. Arrb1 deficiency suppressed HBx-induced hepatocellular carcinogenesis in several mouse models. Furthermore, knockdown of ARRB1 blocked HBx-induced macroautophagic/autophagic flux and disrupted the formation of autophagosomes. ARRB1 interacted with HBx, and the autophagic core protein MAP1LC3/LC3, a scaffolding protein, was essential for complete autophagy. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine or interference of ATG5 or ATG7 attenuated HBx-induced cell cycle acceleration and the subsequent proliferative response via the induction of G1/S arrest. The absence of autophagy abolished the phosphorylation of CDK2 and the activity of the CDK2-CCNE1 complex. Our results demonstrate that ARRB1 plays a critical role in HBV-related HCC via modulating autophagy and the CDKN1B-CDK2-CCNE1-E2F1 axis and indicate that ARRB1 may be a potential therapeutic target for HCC.

The very slow degradation of biodegradable polymers in the marine environment is due to the lack of dedicated degradation enzymes in open seas. As a result, introducing monomers that have a fast hydrolysis process is required to accelerate seawater degradation. Poly(butylene succinate-co-glycolate) (PBSGA) copolyesters with glycolic acid (GA) units ranging from 5 to 40% were synthesized by our newly developed polymerizing method based on oligo(glycolic acid). The results of ¹H-NMR and GPC revealed that short GA segments were evenly distributed between BS segments, obtaining random copolyesters with a weight-average molecular weight over 6.24 * 10⁴ g/mol. The copolymerized GA units hinder its crystallization capability and increase hydrophilicity of the PBSGAs, which still displayed mechanical properties comparable or even better than most biodegradable polymers. Fast degradation in seawater and enzymatic environments (Candida antarctica lipase B enzymes) is proved experimentally. The quick decomposition in seawater was originated from accelerated hydrolysis. For instance, the weight loss of PBSGA40 (compositions of GA units) exceeded 22% after 49 days. Possible degradation mechanisms were proposed based on Fukui function analysis and frontier molecular orbital calculation. Additionally, the energy barrier for hydrolysis was calculated by the density functional theory method, indicating that the hydrolysis of the polymer chain became more and more easy with the increase in GA units. At last, the addition of GA units only had a mild effect on the shelf life of the PBSGAs.

In this research, we investigated the inhibitory effect of the ethanolic (EtOH) extract of bignay (Antidesma bunius) fruit on the viability of breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) by CCK-8 assay. The results showed that the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 219 μg/mL after the cells were treated with EtOH extract for 72 hours. The EtOH extract was sequentially extracted by petroleum ether (PET), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and n-butanol (nBuOH). Among them, the EtOAc fraction showed higher anti-proliferative activity than the other fractions. Wound healing experiment showed the EtOAc fraction inhibited the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells and significantly delayed the transition of the G1 to S phase compared to control. UHPLC-MS/MS analysis showed that in addition to citric acid and phenolic acids (3-Hydroxybenzoic acid, aspirin, fertaric acid), EtOH extract of bignay fruit contains active ingredient like coumarin, genistin, amentoflavone, and luteolin 7-galactoside. The anti-proliferation activity of amentoflavone against MDA-MB-231 cells was also confirmed.