Search

Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy with psilocybin is an emerging therapy with great promise for depression, and modern psychedelic therapy (PT) methods incorporate music as a key element. Music is an effective emotional/hedonic stimulus that could also be useful in assessing changes in emotional responsiveness following psychedelic therapy. Brain responses to music were assessed before and after PT using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and ALFF (Amplitude of Low Frequency Fluctuations) analysis methods. Nineteen patients with treatment-resistant depression underwent two treatment sessions involving administration of psilocybin, with MRI data acquired one week prior and the day after completion of the second of two psilocybin dosing sessions. Comparison of music-listening and resting-state scans revealed significantly greater ALFF in bilateral superior temporal cortex for the post-treatment music scan, and in the right ventral occipital lobe for the post-treatment resting-state scan. ROI analyses of these clusters revealed a significant effect of treatment in the superior temporal lobe for the music scan only. Somewhat consistently, voxelwise comparison of treatment effects showed relative increases for the music scan in the bilateral superior temporal lobes and supramarginal gyrus, and relative decreases in the medial frontal lobes for the resting-state scan. ALFF in these music-related clusters was significantly correlated with intensity of subjective effects felt during the dosing sessions. These data suggest a specific effect of PT on the brain’s response to a hedonic stimulus (music), implying an elevated responsiveness to music after psilocybin therapy that was related to subjective drug effects felt during dosing.

Breadfruit marketing is limited by its rapid ripening and deterioration after harvest; therefore, improved postharvest practices may facilitate breadfruit marketing. This study examined the effect of harvest maturity and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on the postharvest quality of ‘Ma’afala’ breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis). Breadfruit was harvested at 13, 15, and 17 weeks after flowering, and half of each harvest was treated with 1 μL⋅L−1 of 1-MCP for 20 hours. During storage, the weight of the fruit, hand feeling, skin color, respiration rate, and ethylene production rate were evaluated every other day until the fruit deteriorated. Compared with untreated fruit, 1-MCP treatment delayed the climacteric respiratory peak by 6 days (65% delay), delayed complete softening by 7 days (63% delay), and increased uniformity in the number of days to the climacteric respiratory peak and complete softening. Skin discoloration was delayed during the earliest harvest period by 5 days (108% delay). Picking breadfruit at early harvest maturity may be useful for preventing discoloration, and 1-MCP may be useful for preventing softening.

Some costs for anesthesia supplies to reduce intraoperative infections depend on the procedure and duration of the case. For regular anesthesia supplies and medications, costs are linearly related to American Society of Anesthesiologists' Relative Value Guide units, known for nearly all cases in the United States of America. We hypothesized linear association between costs of infection control items and anesthesia units.A prospective observational study of 38 surgical cases was performed. Usage of anesthesia infection control supplies was recorded: alcohol hand dispensers, microfiber cloths for machine disinfection, and disinfecting and cleaning caps for syringe tips, Luer connectors, and stopcocks. Cost per case was calculated using 2022 US dollar payments for those items.Using least squares linear regression to associate the anesthesia units (base + time) with supply costs, in addition to intercept and linear slope, none of 5 potential extra non-linear terms were significant (all P ≥ .46). Further assessment showed lack of fit to a quadratic model. Pearson linear correlation coefficient between cost and units was 0.88. An example was created showing how to forecast annual infection control supply costs for anesthesia based on the linear model.For purposes of predicting intraoperative anesthesia supplies to reduce bacterial transmission in the anesthesia workspace, a valid approach is to assume a linear association with the total anesthesia units, a predictor generally known for all anesthetics.

In the present study, we sought to identify trajectories of symptoms of potential alcohol dependence (AD) among adult sexual minority women (SMW). Theoretical correlates were examined in relation to the empirically identified trajectories.Data were collected at three time points between 2000 and 2012 from SMW drinkers (Three trajectories were identified that captured risk of symptoms of potential AD over time, reflecting: (a) relatively consistent, low risk over time; (b) deceleration in risk throughout adulthood; (c) relatively persistent, high risk over time. Consistent with prior work, SMW drinkers who reported higher levels of perceived stigma or masculinity showed persistently high risk of reporting at least one past-year symptom of potential AD.Most SMW drinkers report deceleration in risk of AD symptoms over time. Findings have implications for prevention and intervention efforts tailored to SMW drinkers. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Machine learning (ML) algorithms may enhance outcomes prediction and help guide clinical decision making. This study aimed to develop and validate a ML model that predicts postoperative outcomes and costs after cardiac surgery.The Society of Thoracic Surgeons registry data from 4874 patients who underwent cardiac surgery (56% coronary artery bypass grafting, 42% valve surgery, 19% aortic surgery) at our institution were divided into training (80%) and testing (20%) datasets. The Extreme Gradient Boosting decision-tree ML algorithms were trained to predict three outcomes: operative mortality, major morbidity or mortality, and Medicare outlier high hospitalization cost. Algorithm performance was determined using accuracy, F1 score, and area under the precision-recall curve (AUC-PR). The ML algorithms were validated in index surgery cases with The Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk scores for mortality and major morbidities and with logistic regression and were then applied to nonindex cases.The ML algorithms with 25 input parameters predicted operative mortality (accuracy 95%; F1 0.31; AUC-PR 0.21), major morbidity or mortality (accuracy 71%, F1 0.47; AUC-PR 0.47), and high cost (accuracy 84%; F1 0.62; AUC-PR 0.65). Preoperative creatinine, complete blood count, patient height and weight, ventricular function, and liver dysfunction were important predictors for all outcomes. For patients undergoing nonindex cardiac operations, the ML model achieved an AUC-PR of 0.15 (95% CI, 0.05-0.32) for mortality and 0.59 (95% CI, 0.51-0.68) for major morbidity or mortality.The extreme gradient boosting ML algorithms can predict mortality, major morbidity, and high cost after cardiac surgery, including operations without established risk models. These ML algorithms may refine risk prediction after cardiac surgery for a wide range of procedures.

O campo dos estudos radiofônicos cresceu consideravelmente nas últimas duas décadas, edificando-se sobre um comprometimento acadêmico desigual com a centenária história do meio. O renascimento dos estudos do rádio encontra paralelo com a expansão de um novo campo de estudos do som, e as percepções produzidas pelas duas áreas são mutualmente benéficas. Este ensaio busca identificar as maneiras férteis pelas quais o rádio tem sido – e pode ser – estudado, em termos de sua existência como som culturalmente assimilado. Isso significa compreender o rádio como produto de culturas nacionais distintas em momentos históricos particulares.

Oil, gas and new energy companies are facing multiple competing priorities and challenges, from ongoing high-injury rates, a challenging economic climate, reduced capital funding, increasing social pressures and disengaged talent – all leading to pressure to transform at pace. Riding the commodity price cycle and taking a piecemeal approach to transformation is no longer a viable operating strategy. An integrated approach is required, to improve safety, risk, unit cost, growth, culture and decarbonisation performance concurrently, whilst making new energy assets viable. Critical to this integrated approach is an agile, well-designed operating system. Operating systems are not new to the oil, gas and new energy industry; however, dss+ has witnessed the limited effectiveness many of them have in enabling businesses to transform holistically and rapidly. Through this presentation, dss+ will give practical guidance on the elements critical to an effective operating system, using the real-life example of a recent project which saw dss+ partnering with a global oil and gas operator to deliver a reduction in tier 1 and tier 2 safety events, reduce business operating expenditure by US$90 m, reduce capital expenditure by US$20 m and deliver an additional 350 000 boe above budget at a critical asset in the region.

The year 2030, when the first regulatory climate targets will likely be required to be implemented in Australia, is less than eight years away. Increased shareholder focus along with regulatory and societal pressures means that whilst most Oil and Gas producers have introduced emissions-related targets, implementation has proven more difficult – let alone harnessing this evolution holistically across existing and new energy assets. Given the embryonic nature and ambiguity of Sustainability in many organisations, there is a need to identify how Sustainability-related activities and targets intersect with the current and future value chain of the business. Establishing a clear understanding of the broader organisation’s perception of Sustainability allows for the design and implementation of an integrated roadmap, which combines the technical projects associated with emissions reduction along with critical enabling activities to embed Sustainability as a value driver, rather than a discrete function. The audience will gain insights on how to de-risk the achievement of 2030 regulatory climate targets by adopting an integrated approach to Sustainability and our lessons learnt on how to ready the organisation and deploy this approach.

KCC3a expression is stimulated in alkalemia. This paper shows that bicarbonate itself is mediating this effect through a posttranscriptional mechanism. The paper also shows that this phenomenon is not mediated by aldosterone or angiotensin II.

When COVID-19 cases surge, identifying ways to improve the efficiency of contact tracing and prioritize vulnerable communities for isolation and quarantine support services is critical. During a fall 2020 COVID-19 resurgence in San Francisco, California, prioritization of telephone-based case investigation by zip code and using a chatbot to screen for case participants who needed isolation support reduced the number of case participants who would have been assigned for a telephone interview by 31.5% and likely contributed to 87.5% of Latinx case participants being successfully interviewed. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(1):43–47. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306563 )

ImportanceIn coordinated specialty care (CSC) settings for people with a first episode of psychosis, the development of reliable, validated individual-level prediction tools for key outcomes may be informative for shared clinician and client decision-making.ObjectiveTo develop an individual-level prediction tool using machine-learning methods that predicts a trajectory of education/work status or psychiatric hospitalization outcomes over a client’s next year of quarterly follow-up assessments. Additionally, to visualize these predictions in a way that is informative to clinicians and clients.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIndividual-level data were collected for all patients enrolled in the OnTrackNY program at enrollment and at quarterly follow-ups using standardized forms. The OnTrackNY program, a network of CSC sites in New York State, provides person-centered, recovery-oriented, and evidence-based psychosocial and pharmaceutical interventions to individuals aged 16 to 30 years with recent-onset (ExposuresForty-three individual-level demographic and clinical features collected at enrollment in OnTrackNY, 25 of which were time-varying and updated at quarterly follow-up assessments, and 13 site-level demographic and economic census variables.Main Outcomes and MeasuresIndividual-level education and/or employment status and psychiatric hospitalization trajectories at quarterly follow-up periods across the first 2 years of CSC.ResultsThe total study sample consists of 1298 individuals aged 16 to 30 years and included 341 women (26.3%), 949 men (73.1%), and 8 (Conclusions and RelevanceThis study suggests that accurate prediction tools can be developed for outcomes in people with first-episode psychosis, which may help inform shared clinician/client decision-making. Future work should study the effectiveness of its deployment, including proper communication to inform shared clinician/client decision-making in the context of a learning health care system. At present, more work is needed to develop better performing prediction models for future psychiatric hospitalizations before any tool is recommended for this outcome.

PURPOSE: Cancer clinical trials can benefit current and future patients; however, Black patients, rural residents, and patients living in disadvantaged areas are often underrepresented. Using an adapted version of Unger and colleagues' model of the process of clinical trial enrollment, we evaluated the relationship between underrepresented patient populations and trial end points. METHODS: This retrospective study included 512 patients with breast or ovarian cancer who were prescribed a therapeutic drug at the University of Alabama at Birmingham from January 2017 to February 2020. Patient eligibility was assessed using open clinical trials. We estimated odds ratios and 95% CIs using logistic regression models to examine the relationship between underrepresented patient populations and trial enrollment end points: eligibility, interest, offer, enrollment, and declining enrollment. RESULTS: Of the patients in our sample, 27% were Black, 18% were rural residents, and 19% lived in higher disadvantaged neighborhoods. In adjusted models, each comparison group had similar odds of being eligible for a clinical trial. Black versus White patients had 0.40 times the odds of interest in clinical trials and 0.56 times the odds of enrollment. Patients living in areas of higher versus lower disadvantage had 0.46 times the odds of enrolling and 3.40 times the odds of declining enrollment when offered. CONCLUSION: Eligibility did not drive clinical trial enrollment disparities in our sample; however, retention in the clinical trial enrollment process appears to vary by group. Additional work is needed to understand how interventions can be tailored to each population's specific needs.

We investigate a new approach to holography in asymptotically AdS spacetimes, in which time rather than space is the emergent dimension. By making a sufficiently large T^2-deformation of a Euclidean CFT, we define a holographic theory that lives on Cauchy slices of the Lorentzian bulk. (More generally, for an arbitrary Hamiltonian constraint equation that closes, we show how to obtain it by an irrelevant deformation from a CFT with suitable anomalies.) The partition function of this theory defines a natural map between the bulk canonical quantum gravity theory Hilbert space, and the Hilbert space of the usual (undeformed) boundary CFT. We argue for the equivalence of the ADM and CFT Hamiltonians. We also explain how bulk unitarity emerges naturally, even though the boundary theory is not reflection-positive. This allows us to reformulate the holographic principle in the language of Wheeler-DeWitt canonical quantum gravity. Along the way, we outline a procedure for obtaining a bulk Hilbert space from the gravitational path integral with Dirichlet boundary conditions. Following previous conjectures, we postulate that this finite-cutoff gravitational path integral agrees with the T^2-deformed theory living on an arbitrary boundary manifold -- at least near the semiclassical regime. However, the T^2-deformed theory may be easier to UV complete, in which case it would be natural to take it as the definition of nonperturbative quantum gravity., Comment: 63 pages, 13 figures, final version submitted to JHEP

Biodiversity surveys of Arctic soil ecosystems are limited. Here, we provide a sequence-based inventory of soil fauna from an Arctic tundra ecosystem near the Canadian High Arctic Research Station in Cambridge Bay, Nunavut. Invertebrate communities were extracted at a vegetated and non-vegetated site in three replicates and inventoried using 18S metabarcode sequencing. A total of 361 amplicon sequence variants (ASV) were identified and assigned to the closest matching taxonomic orders, most of which belonged to the Nematoda and Arthropoda. Vegetated soils showed no significantly higher ASV richness relative to non-vegetated soils although they contained a significantly higher diversity of arthropod taxa including insects, mites, and springtails. Most taxa were found only at a single location and even samples from the same site displayed distinct communities, suggesting that belowground species richness in Arctic tundra habitats is highly heterogeneous. Preserving soil biodiversity in a changing Arctic is essential for Inuit communities who rely on intact tundra ecosystems for their health and wellbeing.

The timing of the onset of magnetochron M0r and its duration are disputed, reflecting both a limited set of radioisotopic dates and uncertain magnetostratigraphic correlations. We present a chronostratigraphic framework for a reversed polarity interval based on two chronometers (40Ar/39Ar, U-Pb) and newly published paleomagnetic data from the Qingshan Group, Jiaolai Basin, China. Bayesian modeling of U-Pb zircon and 40Ar/39Ar sanidine dates suggests a minimum duration of 540 ± 37 k.y. (95% credible interval) for the reversed polarity interval. These findings are compatible with an astrochronologic age model for M-sequence seafloor magnetic anomalies, indicating that the reversely magnetized sediments correspond to magnetochron M0r rather than the shorter chron “M-1r.” Integration of U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar ages constrains the onset of M0r to 120.29 ± 0.09 Ma, which is ~1 m.y. younger than that inferred in the current geologic time scale (GTS 2020). This finding also implies that the Cretaceous normal superchron (CNS) began at 119.70 ± 0.12 Ma and that the average seafloor spreading rate during the CNS was ~3.5% higher than that inferred from GTS 2020. It also suggests that oceanic anoxic event 1a began at 119.40 ± 0.12 Ma, thereby providing an updated chronologic basis for exploring the primary trigger of this carbon cycle perturbation.

We argue that the current environment in higher education is one of the primary drivers for the widespread adoption of concealment tactics with the aim of enhancing wellbeing. To explore the relationship between concealment and wellbeing, we draw upon Scott’s conceptualization of “hidden transcripts” and Keyes’s five dimensions of social wellbeing. Using a collaborative ethnographic approach, we examine a 2-year period of individual and collective inquiry by an eclectic multidisciplinary, international group of academics. Our empirical and theoretical contributions expose a complex and, at times, seemingly contradictory relationship between tactical concealments and relational wellbeing, with variously generative and destructive pathways between them. Our research offers a lens through which we can critically explore and extend our understanding of alternative pathways to wellbeing in organizational life.

Research on proactive and reactive aggression has identified covariates unique to each function of aggression, but hypothesized correlates have often not been tested with consideration of developmental changes in or the overlap between the types of aggression. The present study examines the unique developmental trajectories of proactive and reactive aggression over adolescence and young adulthood and tests these trajectories’ associations with key covariates: callous–unemotional (CU) traits, impulsivity, and internalizing emotions. In a sample of 1,211 justice-involved males (ages 15–22), quadratic growth models (i.e., intercepts, linear slopes, and quadratic slopes) of each type of aggression were regressed onto quadratic growth models of the covariates while controlling for the other type of aggression. After accounting for the level of reactive aggression, the level of proactive aggression was predicted by the level of CU traits. However, change in proactive aggression over time was not related to the change in any covariates. After accounting for proactive aggression, reactive aggression was predicted by impulsivity, both at the initial level and in change over time. Results support that proactive and reactive aggression are unique constructs with separate developmental trajectories and distinct covariates.

Understanding the extent of population genetic connectivity in highly mobile marine species is vital for delineating management units. However, obtaining samples for generating genetic data is challenging for species inhabiting inaccessible pelagic waters. As a result, management strategies do not always align with underlying population biology. Marine strandings provide an accessible and cost-effective sample source for research on elusive cetaceans and can be used collaboratively among stranding networks to generate ecosystem-wide population genetic assessments. Here, we used samples collected from strandings and free-ranging individuals across the North Atlantic to investigate population structure, genetic diversity, and individual relatedness in the Atlantic white-sided dolphin (AWSD; Lagenorhynchus acutus), a widely distributed marine predator. Mitochondrial DNA sequences and nuclear DNA single-nucleotide polymorphisms showed a complete lack of population differentiation across the species’ range, implying an unusual pattern of strong connectivity. No differences in genetic diversity among geographic regions and weak within-group relatedness further support the existence of species-wide panmixia in AWSD. This study emphasises the value of long-term stranding collections for cetacean research and has important implications for AWSD conservation management.

Production of IFN-γ by CD4 T cells is widely theorized to control Plasmodium parasite burden during blood-stage malaria. Surprisingly, the specific and crucial mechanisms through which this highly pleiotropic cytokine acts to confer protection against malarial disease remain largely untested in vivo. Here we used a CD4 T cell–restricted Cre-Lox IFN-γ excision mouse model to test whether and how CD4 T cell–derived IFN-γ controls blood-stage malaria. Although complete absence of IFN-γ compromised control of the acute and the chronic, recrudescent blood-stage infections with P. c. chabaudi, we identified a specific, albeit modest, role for CD4 T cell–derived IFN-γ in limiting parasite burden only during the chronic stages of P. c. chabaudi malaria. CD4 T cell IFN-γ promoted IgG Ab class switching to the IgG2c isotype during P. c. chabaudi malaria in C57BL/6 mice. Unexpectedly, our data do not support gross defects in phagocytic activity in IFN-γ-deficient hosts infected with blood-stage malaria. Together, our data confirm CD4 T cell–dependent roles for IFN-γ but suggest CD4 T cell–independent roles for IFN-γ in immune responses to blood-stage malaria.

Anthropoid vision contributes not only to reaching and grasping but also to the orienting of a food item during the withdraw movement to precisely place it in the mouth for eating. The evolutionary history of this visual control of feeding is not known. It likely evolved from the nonvisual control of the hand that is used with good effect for eating in many non-primate animal species. Strepsirrhines are a relatively large monophyletic group, diverging near the base of the primate cladogram, and described as using vision to reach for food. It is not known whether they use vision to orient food items during the withdraw movement. Video recordings of 7,464 withdraw movements from 22 species of captive strepsirrhines eating their normal food provisions were used to assess whether and how vision contributes to the withdraw movement. The constituent acts of withdraw movements, head orientation, body posture, ground-withdraw and inhand-withdraw, were assessed using frame-by-frame video inspection. Strepsirrhines were versatile in using their hands to get food to the mouth. They displayed variation between and within families that were weakly related to phylogenetic relationships and mainly related to feeding niches. There was no evidence that any species used vision to assist with the withdraw movement. Instead strepsirrhines used mouth reaching to take food from the hand and/or perioral contact to positioning food for biting. Our findings support two hypotheses: that visual mediation of food orienting for placement in the mouth during the withdraw movement is an anthropoid innovation, and that the evolution of the visual control of feeding was not a singular event.

Although tissue resident memory T cells (TRM) in the lung confer robust protection against secondary influenza infection, their in vivo production of IFN-γ is unknown. In this study, using a mouse model, we evaluated production of IFN-γ by influenza-induced TRM (defined as CD103+) that localize to the airways or lung parenchyma. Airway TRM consist of both CD11ahi and CD11alo populations, with low CD11a expression signifying prolonged airway residence. In vitro, high-dose peptide stimulation evoked IFN-γ from most CD11ahi airway and parenchymal TRM, whereas most CD11alo airway TRM did not produce IFN-γ. In vivo production of IFN-γ was clearly detectable in CD11ahi airway and parenchymal TRM but essentially absent in CD11alo airway TRM, irrespective of airway-instilled peptide concentration or influenza reinfection. The majority of IFN-γ–producing airway TRM in vivo were CD11ahi, suggesting recent airway entry. These results question the contribution of long-term CD11alo airway TRM to influenza immunity and reinforce the importance of defining TRM tissue compartment–specific contributions to protective immunity.