Search

Zeshi Li,1– 3,&ast; He Zhang,1– 3,&ast; Sulaiman Baraghtha,4,5,&ast; Jiabao Mu,6,&ast; Yusanjan Matniyaz,2 Xinyi Jiang,1– 3 Kuo Wang,2,7 Dongjin Wang,1– 3,7 Yun Xing Xue2 1Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China; 3Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China; 5International School, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, Federal Republic of Germany; 6School of Data Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China; 7Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of XuZhou Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yun Xing Xue; Dongjin Wang, Email albert_xue@163.com; wangdongjin@njglyy.comPurpose: The postoperative survival of patients with acute type A aortic dissection (aTAAD) remains unsatisfactory. The current study developed an easy-to-use survival prediction model and calculator.Methods: A total of 496 patients with aTAAD undergoing surgical repair were included in this study. The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and other clinical features were collected and subjected to logistic and Cox regression analyses. The survival prediction model was based on Cox regression analyses and exhibited as a nomogram. For convenience of use, the nomogram was further developed into calculator software.Results: We demonstrated that a higher preoperative SII was associated with in-hospital death (OR: 4.116, p < 0.001) and a higher postoperative overall survival rate (HR: 2.467, p < 0.001) in aTAAD patients undergoing surgical repair. A survival prediction model and calculator based on SII and four other clinical features were developed. The overall C-index of the model was 0.743. The areas under the curves (AUCs) of the 1- and 3-month and 1- and 3-year survival probabilities were 0.73, 0.71, 0.71 and 0.72, respectively. The model also showed good calibration and clinical utility.Conclusion: Preoperative SII is significantly associated with postoperative survival. Based on SII and other clinical features, we created the first easy-to-use prediction model and calculator for predicting the postoperative survival rate in aTAAD patients, which showed good prediction performance.Keywords: acute type A aortic dissection, mortality, prediction, systemic immune-inflammation index

Mesozoic granitic plutons are found throughout the Indochina terrane of eastern Cambodia and southern Vietnam. The granitic rocks range in age from Early Triassic (240 Ma) to Late Cretaceous (80 Ma) and record distinct tectonomagmatic periods associated with subduction of the Paleotethys and Paleo-Pacific oceans. Samples collected from the Snoul pluton, eastern Cambodia are composed of silicic and intermediate dioritic rocks, and basalt. The quartz diorites and diorites are magnesian, metaluminous, calcic to calc-alkalic, and similar to volcanic-arc granitoids whereas the basaltic rocks are compositionally similar to within-plate basalt. Zircon U-Pb geochronology and Lu-Hf isotopes and whole rock Sr-Nd isotopes show that the silicic rocks are Albian and isotopically juvenile (107.5 ± 0.3 Ma, 109.1 ± 0.4 Ma; εHf(t) = +7.0–+17.0; 87Sr/86Sri = 0.704313–0.707681; εNd(t) = +3.1–+4.9). Fractional crystallization modeling using a dioritic composition as the parental magma demonstrates that it is possible to generate the quartz diorite compositions under oxidizing (ΔFMQ +1) and hydrous (H2O = 2 wt%) conditions suggesting that they are consanguineous. The isotopically juvenile nature of the dioritic rocks and their compositional similarity (SiO2 ≥ 56 wt%, Al2O3 ≥ 15 wt%, Sr ≥ 400 ppm, Y ≤ 18 ppm, Yb ≤ 1.9 ppm) to adakitic rocks indicates that the parental magmas of the Snoul pluton were likely derived by partial melting of juvenile mafic basement rocks of the Indochina terrane. Moreover, Early Cretaceous plutonic rocks of Cambodia are isotopically distinct from plutonic rocks of similar age and tectonic setting from Vietnam suggesting that there could be a lithotectonic domain boundary within the Southern Indochina terrane. In contrast, the basaltic rocks likely record a temporally distinct period of magmatism associated with Late Cenozoic tensional plate stress.

We analyze the DETR-based framework on semi-supervised object detection (SSOD) and observe that (1) the one-to-one assignment strategy generates incorrect matching when the pseudo ground-truth bounding box is inaccurate, leading to training inefficiency; (2) DETR-based detectors lack deterministic correspondence between the input query and its prediction output, which hinders the applicability of the consistency-based regularization widely used in current SSOD methods. We present Semi-DETR, the first transformer-based end-to-end semi-supervised object detector, to tackle these problems. Specifically, we propose a Stage-wise Hybrid Matching strategy that combines the one-to-many assignment and one-to-one assignment strategies to improve the training efficiency of the first stage and thus provide high-quality pseudo labels for the training of the second stage. Besides, we introduce a Crossview Query Consistency method to learn the semantic feature invariance of object queries from different views while avoiding the need to find deterministic query correspondence. Furthermore, we propose a Cost-based Pseudo Label Mining module to dynamically mine more pseudo boxes based on the matching cost of pseudo ground truth bounding boxes for consistency training. Extensive experiments on all SSOD settings of both COCO and Pascal VOC benchmark datasets show that our Semi-DETR method outperforms all state-of-the-art methods by clear margins. The PaddlePaddle version code1 is at https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/PaddleDetection/tree/develop/configs/semi_det/semi_detr., Comment: CVPR2023

A 67-year-old female with a history of hypertension was presented to the emergency department with headache and vomiting. She fell into a coma soon after her arrival and had a cardiac arrest. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was immediately performed, and epinephrine was given every 3 min. Her initial rhythm was pulseless electrical activity,which later developed into Torsades de Pointes (TdP). However, TdP was misinterpreted as ventricular fibrillation (VF).Amiodarone was given for sustained wide QRS complex arrhythmia. After the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC),a brain computed tomography scan showed a cerebellar haemorrhage. It may be difficult to distinguish TdP from VF during resuscitation since electrocardiographic artefacts could mislead health care providers. In this case, TdP may be related to catecholamine-induced cardiac injury, brain stem compression or adrenergic effects of epinephrine.Furthermore, this case report emphasises the importance of brain computed tomography for patients who suddenly collapsed in emergency departments; even a lethal arrhythmia was initially noted. &nbsp

5-iododeoxyuridine (IUdR), a radiosensitizer able to be incorporated into nascent DNA during synthesis, makes the DNA easy to break upon irradiation. IUdR has been used together with low energy radiation in cancer treatments mechanistically by Auger electron induction to damage DNA. In this study, a small-sized transmission X-ray tube equipped with a Lanthalum target (La-tX ray) generating 33–40 keV-enriched photons was used in combination with IUdR for Auger cancer therapy, and the performance was evaluated by multiple assays in vitro and in vivo. Cytotoxicity, thymidine replacement and nuclear incorporation of IUdR were evaluated in NG4TL4 fibrosarcoma cells and SAS head and neck cancer cells. After treatment of IUdR + La-tX ray irradiation or IUdR + Co-60 irradiation, cell survival and DNA damages were evaluated by colony forming assay and comet assay/γH2AX staining, respectively. Growth of tumor xenografts receiving an intratumoral IUdR injection (45 μg) and/or La-tX ray irradiation were measured. For NG4TL4 and SAS cells, the IC50 of IUdR were ~ 7 and ~ 10 μg/ml, respectively. As compared to IUdR + Co-60 irradiation, IUdR + La-tX ray resulted in higher DNA breaks in cancer cells. Also, IUdR + La-tX ray resulted in higher cell toxicity than IUdR + Co-60. In the in vivo study, tumor xenografts showed inhibited growth in the IUdR + La-tX ray treatment, compared to those in the IUdR or La-tX ray treatment alone. This study demonstrated the potential of cancer Auger electron therapy using a small-sized transmission X ray tube that generated enriched specific energy X rays for Auger electron induction.

The physiological function of the Mu rhythm (8–13 Hz in the central region) is still unclear, particularly its role in visuomotor performance in sports (shooting vs. golf putting), as both the complexity of the motor skills (i.e., simple vs. complex visuomotor skills) and the skill level (e.g., novices vs. experts or low-skilled vs. highly skilled) may modulate Mu rhythm. To gain a broader understanding of the association between Mu rhythm and visuomotor skill performance, a study design that considers both a control moderator (the difference in skill level) and the ability to manipulate Mu rhythm (i.e., either increase or decrease Mu rhythm) is required. To achieve this, we recruited 30 novice golfers who were randomly assigned to either the increased Mu rhythm group (IMG), decreased Mu rhythm group (DMG), or sham group (SG) and used electroencephalographic-neurofeedback training (EEG-NFT) to manipulate Mu rhythm during a golf putting task (complex visuomotor skill). The aim was to determine whether the complexity of the motor skill was a potential moderator of Mu rhythm. We mainly found that Mu power was significantly decreased in the DMG following EEG-NFT, which lead to increased motor control and improved performance. We suggest that (1) the complexity of the motor skill, rather than the difference in skill level, may be a potential moderator of Mu rhythm and visuomotor performance, as our results were not consistent with a previous study that reported that increased Mu rhythm improved shooting performance (a simple visuomotor task) in novices.

This research explored the relationship among human resource practitioner strategic partner role, achievement motivation and the degree of job performance. The research focus was the human resource management practitioners in enterprises and data were collected through convenience sampling. Eight hundred questionnaires were sent out by e-mail, 198 valid questionnaires were returned (24.75%). The results show that there is a significant influence between the：(1) human resource strategic partner and the job performance and (2) achievement motivation of human resource practitioners and the job performance and also that (3) achievement motivation exists mediating effect and affection is completely mediating effect between human resource strategic partner and the job performance.

Reducing inflammation can effectively relieve acute lung injury (ALI). Objective. To test whether keratinocyte growth factor-2 (KGF-2) can reduce oleic acid-induced inflammation in ALI of rats and explore its possible mechanism. Methods. 45 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group, ALI group, and ALI + KGF-2 group. The animal model of acute lung injury was established by injecting 0.1 mL/kg oleic acid into the tail vein of rats. Rats in the control group were injected with equal volume of normal saline (NS). Each group needs pretreatment 72 hours before the preparation of the acute lung injury model. The control group and ALI group were instilled with 5 ml/kg NS through the airway, and the same amount of KGF-2 was instilled in the ALI + KGF-2 group. It takes 8 hours to successfully prepare the ALI model. Observe the pathological changes of lung tissue through light microscopy, ultrastructural changes through electron microscopy, and the lung wettability/dry weight (w/d) ratio and lung permeability index (LPI). By detecting changes in inflammatory factors in lung tissue and changes in the number of BALF cells, the changes in inflammation in each group were observed. The expressions of Wnt5a, β-catenin, and APC in lung tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The changes of key proteins in Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the lung tissue of each group were observed. Result. Compared with the ALI group, after KGF-2 pretreatment, the degree of lung injury was reduced, the expression of inflammatory factors was reduced, and the number of red blood cells and white blood cells in BALF was reduced. It can also be observed that the expression of Wnt5a, β-catenin, and APC, a key protein in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, is reduced. The analysis showed that the number of inflammatory factors, red blood cells, and white blood cells in BALF was positively correlated with the expression of Wnt5a, β-catenin, and APC. Conclusion. KGF-2 may reduce the inflammatory response in ALI induced by oleic acid by regulating key proteins in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Comunicación expuesta online en el AGU Fall Meeting (2021) celebrada en Nueva Orleans del 13 al 17 de diciembre., The Radio Occultations and Heavy Precipitation (ROHP) experiment, orbiting onboard the Spanish PAZ satellite, was activated in May 2018. Owing to hydrometeor asymmetry, the H- and V-polarized radio signals propagating through a precipitation medium experience differential phase delays (denoted by ) measurable via the ROHP polarimetric antenna. This presentation will summarize notable science findings since that time, many of which have taken advantage of data products from the joint NASA/JAXA Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission, namely: Using external precipitation maps from the GPM IMERG products, ROHP has demonstrated the capability to simultaneous detect the presence or absence of heavy precipitation along the same radio occultation (RO) ray paths used to estimate the conventional thermodynamic (temperature, moisture, and pressure) profile. Under precipitating conditions, a positive refractivity bias in several reanalysis models was previously noted based on comparison with standard RO retrievals. Using ROHP data to account for possible contribution by rain and ice to the refractivity profile, we confirmed previous analysis that this bias could be attributed to model limitations in reproducing the thermodynamic structure under heavy convective cloud systems. This knowledge may be useful for the evaluation and diagnosis of NWP forecast models. Using GPM dual frequency radar (DPR) precipitation radar data, the presence of high well above the freezing level has been noted. Using additional observations from the NASA CloudSat (W-band, or 94 GHz) radar, these values are surmised to be associated with the presence of aligned ice crystals along the upper ray paths. Near-coincident data from the GPM passive microwave radiometer constellation were used to reconstruct the uppermost level of the vertical precipitation structure. When conditioning the ROHP thermodynamic profiles by this height, increasing moistening in the lower free troposphere was noted as the convective precipitation height increased. Similar patterns of moistening were noted from analysis of the ROHP profile alone.

The congestion of waterways can easily lead to traffic hazards. Moreover, according to the data, the majority of sea collisions are caused by human error and the failure to comply with the Convention on the International Regulation for the preventing Collision at Sea (COLREGs). To avoid this situation, ship automatic collision avoidance has become one of the most important research issues in the field of marine engineering. In this study, an efficient method is proposed to solve multi-ship collision avoidance problems based on the multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithm. Firstly, the COLREGs and ship maneuverability are considered for achieving multi-ship collision avoidance. Subsequently, the Optimal Reciprocal Collision Avoidance (ORCA) algorithm is utilized to detect and reduce the risk of collision. Ships can operate at the safe velocity computed by the ORCA algorithm to avoid collisions. Finally, the Nomoto three-degrees-of-freedom (3-DOF) model is used to simulate the maneuvers of ships. According to the above information and algorithms, this study designs and improves the state space, action space and reward function. For validating the effectiveness of the method, this study designs various simulation scenarios with thorough performance evaluations. The simulation results indicate that the proposed method is flexible and scalable in solving multi-ship collision avoidance, complying with COLREGs in various scenarios.

Ponencia online expuesta en el 8th International Radio Occultation Working Group Meeting (2021) celebrado virtualmente del 7 al 13 de abril.

Comunicación expuesta en el 101st AMS Annual Meeting (2021) celebrado online del 10 al 15 de enero

Comunicación online expuesta en el 8th International Radio Occultation Working Group Meeting (2021) celebrado del 7 al 13 de abril.

Comunicación expuesta online en el 3rd International Summer Snowfall Workshop (2021) celebrado del 31 de agosto al 3 de septiembre.

Despite numerous therapeutic advances in pulmonary arterial hypertension, patients continue to suffer high morbidity and mortality, particularly considering a median age of 50 years. This article explores whether early, robust reduction of right ventricular afterload would facilitate substantial improvement in right ventricular function and thus whether afterload reduction should be a treatment goal for pulmonary arterial hypertension. The earliest clinical studies of prostanoid treatment in pulmonary arterial hypertension demonstrated an important link between lowering mean pulmonary arterial pressure (or pulmonary vascular resistance) and improved survival. Subsequent studies of oral monotherapy or sequential combination therapy demonstrated smaller reductions in mean pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. More recently, retrospective reports of initial aggressive prostanoid treatment or initial combination oral and parenteral therapy have shown marked afterload reduction along with significant improvements in right ventricular function. Some data suggest that reaching threshold levels for pressure or resistance (components of right ventricular afterload) may be key to interrupting the self-perpetuating injury of pulmonary vascular disease in pulmonary arterial hypertension and could translate into improved long-term clinical outcomes. Based on these clues, the authors postulate that improved clinical outcomes might be achieved by targeting significant afterload reduction with initial oral combination therapy and early parenteral prostanoids. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Talk delivered in 1st PAZ Polarimetric Radio Occultations User Workshop in Barcelona, Spain, 23 April 2020, 45 minute review of the novel applications of GNSS Polarimetric Radio Occultation.

Reducing inflammation can effectively relieve acute lung injury (ALI). Objective. To test whether keratinocyte growth factor-2 (KGF-2) can reduce oleic acid-induced inflammation in ALI of rats and explore its possible mechanism. Methods. 45 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group, ALI group, and ALI + KGF-2 group. The animal model of acute lung injury was established by injecting 0.1 mL/kg oleic acid into the tail vein of rats. Rats in the control group were injected with equal volume of normal saline (NS). Each group needs pretreatment 72 hours before the preparation of the acute lung injury model. The control group and ALI group were instilled with 5 ml/kg NS through the airway, and the same amount of KGF-2 was instilled in the ALI + KGF-2 group. It takes 8 hours to successfully prepare the ALI model. Observe the pathological changes of lung tissue through light microscopy, ultrastructural changes through electron microscopy, and the lung wettability/dry weight (w/d) ratio and lung permeability index (LPI). By detecting changes in inflammatory factors in lung tissue and changes in the number of BALF cells, the changes in inflammation in each group were observed. The expressions of Wnt5a, β-catenin, and APC in lung tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The changes of key proteins in Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the lung tissue of each group were observed. Result. Compared with the ALI group, after KGF-2 pretreatment, the degree of lung injury was reduced, the expression of inflammatory factors was reduced, and the number of red blood cells and white blood cells in BALF was reduced. It can also be observed that the expression of Wnt5a, β-catenin, and APC, a key protein in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, is reduced. The analysis showed that the number of inflammatory factors, red blood cells, and white blood cells in BALF was positively correlated with the expression of Wnt5a, β-catenin, and APC. Conclusion. KGF-2 may reduce the inflammatory response in ALI induced by oleic acid by regulating key proteins in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Talk delivered in 100th American Meteorological Society in Boston, USA, 14 January 2020, The Radio Occultations and Heavy Precipitation (ROHP) experiment on board the Spanish satellite PAZ was launched in February 2018 to demonstrate the concept of polarimetric radio occultation (PRO) in detecting heavy precipitation. Soon after its activation, it became clear that the signals exhibited signatures of precipitation structures, therefore confirming the hypothesis and its main science goal. Since high vertical-resolution tropospheric water vapor profiles can be retrieved simultaneously through clouds and precipitation, the PAZ data offers a unique view of water vapor in extreme weather conditions that pose significant difficulties to passive infrared and microwave sounder retrievals. The PRO technique consists in measuring the phase difference between the horizontal (H) and vertical (V) components of the electromagnetic field coming from GPS satellites in an occulting geometry. H and V components are measured independently, yet synchronously, with a dual linear polarized antenna placed on a Low Earth Orbiter and pointing towards the limb of the Earth in the satellite¿s anti-velocity direction. In the presence of asymmetric hydrometeors (flattened during their fall by air drag), the phase delay in the H component is larger than for the V component. PAZ data confirm that this phase delay difference can be measured. In this talk, I will describe the calibration and validation of the PAZ PRO data. Unlike standard RO processing, PRO measurements must be carefully calibrated to remove non-hydrometeor contributions (e.g., antenna cross-polarization, ionospheric effects) to the H-V phase difference observable. Validation of the PAZ polarimetric phase difference relies on global precipitation products such as IMERG and collocated GPM precipitation radar measurements. Forward simulations of PAZ observables in convective environments based on TRMM/GPM and CloudSat retrievals show that PAZ measurements are sensitive not only to heavy precipitation but also to frozen hydrometeors in the tropical mid-troposphere. We will discuss implications of these results and our ongoing retrieval efforts.

Time-Triggered Ethernet (TTE), as a novel communication architecture, highly requires for real-time data transmission and distributes widely in aerospace systems. However, the expensive cost of aircraft networks constrains the development of TTE to a large extent. Therefore, we are committed proposing an effective algorithm to optimize the complex networks and economize the physical cost while guaranteeing the real-time data transmission. At first, we generate the initial topology map according to the routing table given by the user. Subsequently, we adjust the number of switches and links respectively on the basis of our BLO algorithm, which unites backtracking algorithm and complex network theory. Furthermore, considering the convenience of our presentation, we design a topology reconstruction demo software. Finally, we demonstrate the reliability of our algorithm through experiments, and the result indicates that our algorithm is capable of optimizing the dual redundancy topological structure reasonably.

Iris recognition has emerged as one of the most accurate and convenient biometric for the human identification and has been increasingly employed in a wide range of e-security applications. The quality of iris images acquired at-a-distance or under less constrained imaging environments is known to degrade the iris matching accuracy. The periocular information is inherently embedded in such iris images and can be exploited to assist in the iris recognition under such non-ideal scenarios. Our analysis of such iris templates also indicates significant degradation and reduction in the region of interest, where the iris recognition can benefit from a similarity distance that can consider importance of different binary bits, instead of the direct use of Hamming distance in the literature. Periocular information can be dynamically reinforced, by incorporating the differences in the effective area of available iris regions, for more accurate iris recognition. This paper presents such a segmentation-assisted adaptive framework for more accurate less-constrained iris recognition. The effectiveness of this framework is evaluated on three publicly available iris databases using within-dataset and cross-dataset performance evaluation and validates the merit of the proposed iris recognition framework.

This thesis presents a variety of probabilistic and stochastic calculations related to theOrnstein-Uhlenbeck process, the weighted self-normalized sum of exchangeable variables,various operators defined on the Wiener space and Greeks in mathematical finance.First, we discuss some properties of the weighted self-normalized sum of exchangeablevariables. Then we show two methods to compute the different order moments of theBrownian motion via the definition of expactation and the so-called Malliavin calculus,repectively. We also show how to compute the different order moments of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process by using Itô calculus and generlize it to the Itô processes of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck type.Finally we show how to apply the Malliavin calculus to compute different operatorsdefined on the Wiener space such as the derivative opertor, the divergence opertor, the infinitesimalgenerator of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck semigroup and the associated characteristics.We also apply Malliavin calculus to compute Greeks for European options as well as exoticoptions, where the integration by parts formula provides a powerful tool. In addition,we demonstrate the computation of Greeks for the models where we treat share price Itômartingale models such as Wt and Wt2−t.

CpG induces upregulation of TGF-β1 and PDGF-B in monocytes in vitro. Isolated monocytes from healthy controls (A and B; N Control = 8) and SLE patients (C and D; N SLE = 7) were stimulated with or without 500 nM CpG for 24 h, and then mRNA expression of TGF-β1 and PDGF-B were detected by qPCR. Multiple rates of mRNA expression of TGF-β1 (E) and PDGF-B (F) in healthy controls (N Control = 8) and SLE patients (N SLE = 7) were calculated as CpG/Media. The results are presented as mean and SEM. (PPTX 510 kb)

CpG induces upregulation of TGF-β1 and PDGF-B in monocytes in vitro. Isolated monocytes from healthy controls (A and B; N Control = 8) and SLE patients (C and D; N SLE = 7) were stimulated with or without 500 nM CpG for 24 h, and then mRNA expression of TGF-β1 and PDGF-B were detected by qPCR. Multiple rates of mRNA expression of TGF-β1 (E) and PDGF-B (F) in healthy controls (N Control = 8) and SLE patients (N SLE = 7) were calculated as CpG/Media. The results are presented as mean and SEM. (PPTX 510 kb)

In this paper, we study the reliability measures of a repairable system with M operating units, W warm standby units, and R repairmen in which switching failures and reboot delay are considered. It is assumed that there is a significant failure probability q in the switching process. Failure times of an operating unit and of a standby unit are assumed to be exponentially distributed with parameters 1 and a, respectively. The delay times of reboot are also assumed to be exponentially distributed with parameter p. The explicit expressions of the reliability characteristics such as the system reliability, R Y (t), and the mean time to system failure (MTTF) are derived. Several cases are analyzed graphically to investigate the effects of various system parameters on the R Y (t) and the MTTF. We also perform a sensitivity analysis for the reliability characteristics along with changes in specific values of the system parameters.

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the seventh most common cancer among women worldwide. The 5-year survival rate for women with EOC is only 30%-50%, which is largely due to the typically late diagnosis of this condition. EOC is difficult to detect in its early stage because of its asymptomatic nature. Recently, near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) imaging has been developed as a potential tool for detecting EOC at the molecular level. In this study, a NIRF-sensitive probe was designed to detect matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in ovarian cancer cells. A cyanine fluorochrome was conjugated to the amino terminus of a peptide substrate with enzymatic specificity for MMP-3. To analyze the novel MMP-3 probe, an in vivo EOC model was established by subcutaneously implanting SKOV3 cells, a serous-type EOC cell line, in mice. This novel MMP-3-sensitive probe specifically reacted with only the active MMP-3 enzyme, resulting in a significantly enhanced NIRF emission intensity. Histological analysis demonstrated that MMP-3 expression and activity were enhanced in the stromal cells surrounding the ovarian cancer cells. These studies establish a molecular imaging reporter for diagnosing early-stage EOC. Additional studies are required to confirm the early-stage activity of MMP-3 in EOC and its diagnostic and prognostic significance.

In the long development history of Chinese painting, "water" has always occupied an important position. Whether it is from the choice of content and subject theme, the use of painting media, or the expression of emotions and artistic conception, “water” cannot be ignored. On the subject matter, the rise of landscape painting provides the possibility for the rise of people’s self-consciousness and the development of the private painting. As an important element in the theme of landscapes, water supports and connects the entire work as blood, bringing vitality and breathing space to the picture. In the application of painting media, water acts as a regulator. It integrates brushstrokes, ink, paper, and even the will of man into the expression of the picture. It is an important material and medium that Chinese painting can accomplish. Especially with the appearance of freehand brushwork in traditional Chinese, water has become an important help for the artist to express his ideas and sprinkle talent. It can be seen that in the course of the development of Chinese painting, the role of water has been continuously accentuated. This not only enriches the content of Chinese painting, but also brings unique personality and aesthetic principles to Chinese painting.

Let A=(an,k)n,k⩾0 be a non-negative matrix. Denote by Lp,q(A) the supremum of those L satisfying the following inequality:∑n=0∞∑k=0∞an,kxkq1/q⩾L∑k=0∞xkp1/p(X∈ℓp,X⩾0).The purpose of this paper is to establish a Hardy-type formula for Lp,q(Hμ), where Hμ is a Hausdorff matrix and 0

The existence of DNA adducts bring the danger of carcinogenesis because of mispairing with normal DNA bases. 1,N6-ethenoadenine adducts (epsilonA) and 1,N6-ethanoadenine adducts (EA) have been considered as DNA adducts to study the interaction with thymine, as DNA base. Several different stable conformers for each type of adenine adduct with thymine, [epsilonA(1)-T(I), epsilonA(2)-T(I), epsilonA(3)-T(I) and EA(1)-T(I), EA(2)-T(I), EA(3)-T(I)] and [epsilonA(1)-T(II), epsilonA(2)-T(II), epsilonA(3)-T(II) and EA(1)-T(II), EA(2)-T(II), EA(3)-T(II)], have been considered with regard to their interactions. The differences in their geometrical structures, energetic properties, and hydrogen-bonding strengths have also been compared with Watson-Crick adenine-thymine base pair (A-T). Single-point energy calculations at MP2/6-311++G** levels on B3LYP/6-31+G* optimized geometries have also been carried out to better estimate the hydrogen-bonding strengths. The basis set superposition error corrected hydrogen-bonding strength sequence at MP2/6-311++G**//B3LYP/6-31+G* for the most stable complexes is found to be EA(2)-T(I) (15.30 kcal/mol) > EA(1)-T(II) (14.98 kcal/mol) > EA(3)-T(II) (14.68 kcal/mol) > epsilonA(2)-T(I) (14.54 kcal/mol) > epsilonA(3)-T(II) (14.22 kcal/mol) > epsilonA(3)-T(II) (13.64 kcal/mol) > A-T (13.62 kcal/mol). The calculated reaction enthalpy value for epsilonA(2)-T(I) is 10.05 kcal/mol, which is the highest among the etheno adduct-thymine complexes and about 1.55 kcal/mol more than those obtained for Watson-Crick A-T base pair and the reaction enthalpy value for EA(1)- T(II) is 10.22 kcal/mol, which is highest among the ethano addcut-thymine complexes and about 1.72 kcal/mol more than those obtained for Watson-Crick A-T base pair. The aim of this research is to provide fundamental understanding of adenine adduct and thymine interaction at the molecular level and to aid in future experimental studies toward finding the possible cause of DNA damage.

A new design for the flow control component of an advanced accumulator (ACC) was introduced and numerically investigated in the paper. The flow control component can produce high flow rate and low flow rate at the different stages during the safety injection. The FLUENT computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used in the simulation of the flow pattern in the flow chamber and the outlet. The flow pattern and pressure gradient in the vortex chamber were investigated. The results show the design can realize the high flow and low flow in this design.Copyright © 2014 by ASME

Since little effort has been devoted to measuring tourist risk from epistemology perspectives, this study develops a scientific framework for its evaluation. Tourist risk is defined as what is perceived by the tourists during the process of a group package tour. This in turn depends on the traveling service conditions experienced during the process and at the destination. The study uses an Analytic Hierarchy Process method to determine the weighting of various risk evaluation criteria. It further considers the possibility of “fuzzy logic” in making subjective judgments, and applies a Fuzzy Multiple Criteria Decision-Making method to conduct the evaluation of tourist risk.

Genus Epitrichius Tagawa, 1941 Epitrichius Tagawa, 1941: 18; Isida and Fujioka 1988: 58 (catalog); Fujioka 2001: 127 (catalog, comment). Type species: Trichius elegans Kano, 1931 by original designation. As it is currently defined, Epitrichius includes a morphologically diverse group of species. Epitrichius can be diagnosed by the lack of cretaceous markings over the body surface, the ventral side of the metatarsomeres has a conspicuous fringe of long setae in the males and the internal sac of the male genitalia has two distinct, hook-like armatures. The paired tufts of long setae on the pygidium (usually more developed in the females than the males) is also a feature of this genus. Some other characteristics show different degrees of variation among the species. The dorsal surface may be dully velutinous or glabrous with a shiny metallic luster. The anterior margin of the clypeus may be smooth to strongly emarginate medially. Both the head and the pronotum are moderately punctate to rugopunctate and setose. The general shape of the pronotum varies from elongate to rounded with outwardly acute basolateral angles. The elytral markings are always well defined with two or three transverse bands, or they are fragmented into spots, except in the males of E. shinshuingensis where markings are diffused marginally. The mesometasternal process is usually vestigial but is distinctly protruding in E. shinshuingensis. The interparamere extension plate varies in the degree of sclerotization from well-developed to semi-membranous. The species of Epitrichius are distinctly sexual dimorphism compared to some other genera within the tribe Trichiini. The shape of the protibia makes it possible to distinguish the sex in all species in the genus as a unidentate protibia indicates males and a bidentate protibia indicates females. The fringe of setae at the ventral side of the metatarsomeres is found only in males, and the females have distinctly shorter and sparser setae. In males the shape of the pygidium is convex apically and is slightly elongated, while it is truncated in females. Tubercles on the pygidium occur on only females of E. cupreipes, E. bowringii and E. elegans, all of which exhibit a pair of longitudinally ridged or papillose tubercles at the apical half of the pygidium. Remarks. Krikken (1972) divided his Trichius bifasciatus species group into three ���subgroups:��� T. elegans, T. bifasciatus and T. fraterculus. However, we reject the concept of delimiting groups and subgroups before a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis is conducted for the genus Epitrichius. The most important characteristics used to separate the species are the anterior margin of the clypeus, the basolateral angles of the pronotum, the pattern of the elytral markings, the development of the setae on the pygidium, the degree of sclerotization of the inter-paramere extension plate and the shape of the parameres and internal sac armature of the male genitalia., Published as part of Li, Chun-Lin, Yang, Ping-Shih & Wang, Kuo-Sheng Hsu Chuan-Chan, 2008, A review of the genus Epitrichius Tagawa, with an analysis of the internal sac armature of the male genitalia (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae), pp. 10-24 in Zootaxa 1895 on page 13, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184420, {"references":["Tagawa, H. (1941) On the (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) subfam. Trichiinae of Japan. Transactions of the Kyushu Entomological Society, 3 (1), 9 - 23.","Isida, M. & Fujioka, M. (1988) A list of lamellicornia in Japan (1 st ed. Supplement). Lamellicornia Supplement, 2, 1 - 62.","Fujioka, M. (2001) A list of Japanese lamellicornia. Kogane Supplement, 1, 1 - 293.","Kano, T. (1931) Some new or unrecorded cetoniid-beetles from Formosa. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, 17, 127 - 134.","Krikken, J. (1972) Species of the east Asian bifasciatus group in the genus Trichius Fabricius (Coleoptera, Cetoniidae). Zoologische Mededelingen, 47 (40), 481 - 501."]}

Epitrichius fraterculus (Moser), new combination & new status Trichius fraterculus Moser, 1902: 533 (description); Schenkling 1922: 32 (catalog); Paulian 1961: 16 (key) Trichius fraterculus fraterculus: Krikken 1972: 488 (new status, notes and distribution) Trichius fraterculus duporti Bourgoin: Krikken, 1972: 489 (new status, notes and distribution). New synonym. Specimens examined. VIETNAM. Tonkin, Montes Manson (presently Mauson Mountains, northern Vietnam), April, Mai, 2���3000 ���, H. Fruhstorfer (1 male, Mus. Hauschild, ZMUC); ibid (1 male, coll. Janson-Valck Lucassen, RMNH); Vin Phu: Tam Dao, 28-30 -V- 1995 (1 male, CCLI); ibid, 20 -V- 1995, M. Sat (1 female, CCLI); ibid, IV- 1994 (2 males, 1 female, CCLI); ibid, 900- 950m., 14-18 -V- 1999, S. Nomura (1 male, 1 female, NSMT). Distribution. Northern Vietnam (Fig. 19). Remarks. Krikken (1972) divided E. fraterculus into two subspecies by considering the subspecies, E. f. duporti, with metallic luster on head and pronotum was found south of the Red River and compared it with its nominate subspecies without metallic luster which was north of the Red River. However, we have received a series of specimens with metallic luster which were recently collected from Tam Dao, a well-known place located north of the Red River in the province of Vinh Phu, Vietnam. Based on this it can be said that the Red River does not constitute a natural barrier to geographically isolate either subspecies. Additionally, the genital characters of the parameres and the internal sac armatures are identical to each male specimen examined. Accordingly, the individuals possess cupreous or copper green luster on both the head and the pronotum should be considered intraspecific variation and the subspecies E. f. duporti should be treated as a junior synonym of E. fraterculus., Published as part of Li, Chun-Lin, Yang, Ping-Shih & Wang, Kuo-Sheng Hsu Chuan-Chan, 2008, A review of the genus Epitrichius Tagawa, with an analysis of the internal sac armature of the male genitalia (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae), pp. 10-24 in Zootaxa 1895 on page 23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184420, {"references":["Moser, J. (1902) Neue Cetoniden-Arten aus Tokin, gesammelt von H. Fruhstorfer. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 46 (1901), 525 - 538.","Schenkling, S. (1922) Scarabaeidae; Trichiinae, Valginae. Coleopterorum Catalogus, 75, 1 - 58.","Paulian, R. (1961) Coloptres Scarabides de l'Indochine, II (Rutlines et Ctonines). Annales de la Socit Entomologique de France, 130, 1 - 47.","Krikken, J. (1972) Species of the east Asian bifasciatus group in the genus Trichius Fabricius (Coleoptera, Cetoniidae). Zoologische Mededelingen, 47 (40), 481 - 501."]}

Li, Chun-Lin, Yang, Ping-Shih, Wang, Kuo-Sheng Hsu Chuan-Chan (2008): A review of the genus Epitrichius Tagawa, with an analysis of the internal sac armature of the male genitalia (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). Zootaxa 1895: 10-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184420

Key to species of the genus Epitrichius Tagawa 1 Anterior margin of clypeus distinctly raised, moderately to slightly emarginated medially, bilobed tips rounded........................................................................................................................................................ 2 1 ��� Anterior margin of clypeus not raised, distinctly emarginated medially, bilobed tips protruding................ 4 2 Dorsum usually overall shiny metallic green in males, metallic green or cupreous in females, females rarely blackish brown without metallic luster; basolateral angles of pronotum protruding basally; pygidium with a pair of median tufts of setae in both sexes. Taiwan............................. Epitrichius elegans (Kano, 1931) 2 ��� Head and pronotum dull green, cupreous or black; basolateral angles of pronotum rounded, retracted; pygidium lacking a pair of median tufts of setae, setiferous overall with a small glabrous area centrally in males............................................................................................................................................................ 3 3 Head, pronotum (partly with copper red in females) and scutellum overall dull green with dense, short setae and distinct rugosity of surface, lacking lateral setose spot on sides of pronotum; major hook of internal sac always with lateral denticle (Fig. 18). Taiwan......................... Epitrichius cupreipes (Bourgoin, 1915) 3 ��� Overall green in males and dark in females, males collected from northern Indochina and southernmost China usually with elytra black or dull green; head and pronotum with or without velutinous surface; head glabrous, central disc of pronotum sparsely setiferous or nearly glabrous with distinctly marginal setae, setose spot on sides of pronotum present; lateral denticle of major hook of internal sac absent or vestigial (Fig. 17). Eastern and southern China, northern Vietnam, northeastern Laos..................................................................................................................................................... Epitrichius bowringii (Thomson, 1857) 4 Pronotum distinctly setiferous; mesometasternal process not visible when viewed laterally......................... 5 4 ��� Pronotum glabrous or marginally setose; mesometasternal process visible when viewed laterally.............. 6 5 Head, pronotum and scutellum with iridescent luster; basolateral angle of pronotum distinctly produced; elytron with triple transverse markings; pygidium transversally setiferous with paired tufts vaguely defined in both sexes. Amami-Oshima Island, southwestern Japan. Epitrichius lagopus (Fairmaire, 1897) 5 ��� Head, pronotum, scutellum and legs with copper red or green metallic luster; basolateral angle of pronotum weakly produced; elytron with double transverse markings; pygidium with paramedian paired tufts consisted of well defined long setae in both sexes. Northern Vietnam .... Epitrichius versutus (Krikken, 1972) 6 Elytra reddish brown with transverse markings diffused marginally and weakly defined; internal side of metatarsomeres 1���2 densely covered with long, yellowish brown, setae.................................................................................................................................................. Epitrichius shinshuingensis Li & Yang, n. sp. 6 ��� Elytra black with transverse markings not diffused marginally and well defined; internal side of metatarsomeres 1���2 sparsely covered with short, whitish yellow setae....... Epitrichius fraterculus (Moser, 1902), Published as part of Li, Chun-Lin, Yang, Ping-Shih & Wang, Kuo-Sheng Hsu Chuan-Chan, 2008, A review of the genus Epitrichius Tagawa, with an analysis of the internal sac armature of the male genitalia (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae), pp. 10-24 in Zootaxa 1895 on pages 13-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184420, {"references":["Kano, T. (1931) Some new or unrecorded cetoniid-beetles from Formosa. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, 17, 127 - 134.","Bourgoin, A. (1915) Description d'un Cetonia nouveau de Formose (Col. Scarabaeidae). Bulletin de la Socit Entomologique de France, 1915, 174 - 175.","Thomson, J. (1857) Description de trente-trois espces de Coloptres. Archives d'Entomologie, 1, 109 - 127.","Fairmaire, L. (1897) Descriptions de deux Coloptres nouveaux du Japon. Bulletin de la Socit Entomologique de France, 1897, 166 - 167.","Krikken, J. (1972) Species of the east Asian bifasciatus group in the genus Trichius Fabricius (Coleoptera, Cetoniidae). Zoologische Mededelingen, 47 (40), 481 - 501.","Moser, J. (1902) Neue Cetoniden-Arten aus Tokin, gesammelt von H. Fruhstorfer. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 46 (1901), 525 - 538."]}

Epitrichius bowringii (Thomson), new combination Trichius bowringii Thomson, 1857: 118 (Type locality: Shanghai, China); Miwa 1931: 276 (catalog); Miwa & Ch��j�� 1939: 30 (catalog); Smetana 2006: 310 (catalog). Trichius bowringi: Krikken 1972: 487 (key, diagnosis). Trichius mandarinus Redtenbacher, 1867: 82 (synonymized by Krikken 1972). Trichius bifasciatus Moser, 1902: 532 (Type locality: Montes Mauson, North Vietnam. Syntype in ZMHB). New synonym. Trichius miyashitai Krajcik, 2006: 25 (Type locality: Mt. Wu-Zhi-Shan, Hainan island, China. Holotype, allotype and paratype in Milan Krajcik���s private collection, Czech Republic). New synonym. Specimens examined. CHINA. Shang Hai (without further data) (1 male, coll. E. Cand��ze, ISNB); P��kin (without further data) (1 male, ISNB); N. Kina (without further data) (1 male, coll. Mus. Westerm, ZMUC); Chekiang (without further data) (1 female, ZMUC); China (without further data) (1 female, ZMUC); China (without further data) (1 female, coll. Mus. Western, ZMUC); Pekin (without further data) (1 female, ISNB); Jiangxi: Jing Gang Shan, 2-14 -VI- 1994, E. Jendek & O. ��au��a (2 males, 1 female, CCLI); Zhijian: Lin An, Long Ton Shan, ca. 900-1200m., 18-19 -VII- 1997, Y. F. Hsu (1 female, CCLI); Guangdong: Nan Ling, ca. 900-1000m., 14-16 -VI- 1999, Y. F. Hsu (1 female, CCLI); Gwongxi: Kin Shiu, Gong Cheng San Jiang, VI- 2001 (5 males, 2 females, CCLI); Kin Shiu, Mt. Da Yau Shan, ca. 800-1200m., V-VI- 1996 (7 males, 10 females, CCLI); Hainan: Mt. Wu Zhi Shan, 6 -V- 2005, T. Miyashita (1 male, 1 female, CCLI); Lan Shan, VII- 2005 (1 male, CCLI); Mt. Diauh Lo, 1200m., 2-5 -V- 2005, T. Miyashita (11 males, 1 female, CCLI). VIET- NAM. Tonkin, Montes Manson (presently Mauson Mountains, northern Vietnam), April, Mai, 2-3000 ���, H. Fruhstorfer (23, ZMUC); Tonkin, Than-Moi, Juni-Juli, H. Fruhstorfer (1, ZMUC); Vin Phu: Tam Dao, V- 1994 (1 male, 1 female, CCLI); ibid, VII- 2000 (1 male, CCLI); ibid, VI- 1993 (4 males, CCLI); ibid, 20 -V- 1995, M. Sat (3 males, 1 female, CCLI); ibid, 28-30 -V- 1995, C.-L. Li (3 males, 1 females, CCLI); ibid, 1-7 -V- 1996, Y. Arita (1 female, CCLI); Lam Dong: Mt. Braian, E. 45km Bao Loc, V- 2005 (1 male, CCLI); Cao Bang: 5 -VI- 1996, Itoh (2 females, CCLI). LAOS. Xamneua, Mt. Ph. Phan camp, ca. 1790m., 16-20 -V- 2004, C.-F. Lee (3 males, CCLI); ibid, 28 -IV- 2 -V- 2002, M. Sat�� (1 male, 1 female, CCLI); ibid, VI- 2006 (1 male, CCLI); Houaphan: Ban Saleui, 1800m., 13-31 -V- 2004 (2 males, CCLI). Distribution. Eastern and southern China and Hainan Island; northern Vietnam; northeastern Laos (new country record) (Fig. 19). Remarks. This species is the only representative of the genus in the majority of mainland China. The old specimens that are deposited in the European museums indicate that they were likely active and common in the plains of central and northern China (Pekin, presently known as Beijing is probably the northernmost record of the species). However, this is not the case in southern China where their habitats are in montane areas similar to those of their other relatives in the genus. It has been observed that the body size of the specimens collected from the plains of northern China is generally smaller than those from southeastern localities. This morphometric trait was only detected with a larger number of specimens. The populations of the species in northern Vietnam and Hainan Island have the similar habitat requirements in elevation to those in southeastern China. In addition to the varying color form of the body illustrated in Figs. 13���16, there is another overall black form from Hainan Island that differs from the dark green form of the Trichius miyashitai holotype. In fact, both color forms have been observed within populations of E. bowringii from Hainan Island. With the examination of specimens from Hainan Island, the black form of E. bowringii is greatly dominant in number of individuals over those that are an overall green color. Nevertheless, all of them are varied in the shape of the paramere while being consistent in the structure of the internal sac armatures. Therefore, we propose herein to place T. miyashitai a junior synonym of E. bowringii., Published as part of Li, Chun-Lin, Yang, Ping-Shih & Wang, Kuo-Sheng Hsu Chuan-Chan, 2008, A review of the genus Epitrichius Tagawa, with an analysis of the internal sac armature of the male genitalia (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae), pp. 10-24 in Zootaxa 1895 on page 16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184420, {"references":["Thomson, J. (1857) Description de trente-trois espces de Coloptres. Archives d'Entomologie, 1, 109 - 127.","Miwa, Y. (1931) A systematic catalogue of Formosan Coleoptera. Report of the Department of Agriculture of the Government Research Institute, 55, 1 - 359.","Miwa, Y. & Chujo, M. (1939) Scarabaeidae. Catalogus Coleopterorum Japonicorum, Pars 5. Noda-Syobo, Taihoku, 94 pp.","Smetana, A. (2006) Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae, pp. 283 - 313. In Lobl, I. & Smetana A. (eds.). Catalogue of Palaearcic Coleoptera, volume 3. Apollo Books, Stenstrupt, 690 pp.","Krikken, J. (1972) Species of the east Asian bifasciatus group in the genus Trichius Fabricius (Coleoptera, Cetoniidae). Zoologische Mededelingen, 47 (40), 481 - 501.","Redtenbacher, L. (1867) Reise der sterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wllerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Zweiter Band: Coleopteren (Abth. I A, 1). Kaiserlich-Knigliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Wien, iv + 249 pp.","Moser, J. (1902) Neue Cetoniden-Arten aus Tokin, gesammelt von H. Fruhstorfer. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 46 (1901), 525 - 538.","Krajcik, M. (2006) A new Trichius Fabricius from Hainan Island (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Trichiinae). Animma. X, 14, 24 - 27."]}

Epitrichius cupreipes (Bourgoin), new combination Trichius cupreipes Bourgoin, 1915: 175 (Type locality: Formose, presently Taiwan. lectotype in BMNH); Miwa 1931: 276 (catalog); Miwa & Ch��j�� 1939: 30 (catalog); Krikken 1972: 488 (lectotype designated, key, diagnosis); Smetana 2006: 310 (catalog). Gnorimus formosanus Niijima & Kinoshita, 1923: 236; Krikken 1972: 488 (synonymized with Trichius cupreipes). Trichius uraiensis Kano, 1931: 130; Krikken 1972: 488 (synonymized with Trichius cupreipes). Specimens examined. TAIWAN. Taipei: Wulai, 9 -V- 1928 (1 male, holotype of Trichius uraiensis Kano, 1931, NSMT); Mt. Tsaoshan (presently Yangmingshan), 21 -IV- 1958, K. S. Lin (15 males, 24 females, TARI); Mt. Yangming, 9 -V- 1970, Y. Kiyoyama (4 females, NSMT); Mt. Kwaishan, 11 -VI- 1988, Y.-F. Hsu (1 female, CCLI); ibid, 1 -VII- 1935 (1 female, NSMT); Shengken, 11 -V- 1983, C. L. Li (1 female, CCLI); Tauyuan: Balin, 6 -VIII- 1997, C.-L. Li (1 male, CCLI); Kaoi, 14 -VI- 1987, C.-L. Li (1 male, CCLI); Balin, 5 -VII- 1996, C.-L. Li (1 female, CCLI); Hsuanyuan, 20 -VI- 1938 (1 male, NSMT); ibid, 27 -VI- 1940 (2 males, NSMT); Nantou: Peishankeng, 16 -V- 1939 (1 female, NSMT); ibid, 3 -IV- 1941 (1 male, 3 females, NSMT); Bandai, 27 - VI- 1938 (1 male, NSMT); ibid, 25 -V- 1940 (1 female, NSMT); Ilan: Shenmi Lake, 9 June 1993, I.-S. Hsu (2 males, CCLI). Distribution. Taiwan (Fig. 19). Remarks. The species can be recognized by the dull green head, pronotum (partly with copper red in females) and scutellum; the dense rugosity on the pronotum and scutellum; the absence of a lateral setose spot on the disc of the pronotum. Also, the major hook of the internal sac is always with a lateral denticle (Fig. 18) thereby distinguishing E. cupreipes from all allied species from mainland China and Indochina. Adults are active from March to August in the low elevation montane areas of Taiwan below 1500 m in elevation (mostly under 1000 m) and feed on the flowers of trees, shrubs or herbs without any specific preference., Published as part of Li, Chun-Lin, Yang, Ping-Shih & Wang, Kuo-Sheng Hsu Chuan-Chan, 2008, A review of the genus Epitrichius Tagawa, with an analysis of the internal sac armature of the male genitalia (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae), pp. 10-24 in Zootaxa 1895 on page 15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184420, {"references":["Bourgoin, A. (1915) Description d'un Cetonia nouveau de Formose (Col. Scarabaeidae). Bulletin de la Socit Entomologique de France, 1915, 174 - 175.","Miwa, Y. (1931) A systematic catalogue of Formosan Coleoptera. Report of the Department of Agriculture of the Government Research Institute, 55, 1 - 359.","Miwa, Y. & Chujo, M. (1939) Scarabaeidae. Catalogus Coleopterorum Japonicorum, Pars 5. Noda-Syobo, Taihoku, 94 pp.","Krikken, J. (1972) Species of the east Asian bifasciatus group in the genus Trichius Fabricius (Coleoptera, Cetoniidae). Zoologische Mededelingen, 47 (40), 481 - 501.","Smetana, A. (2006) Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae, pp. 283 - 313. In Lobl, I. & Smetana A. (eds.). Catalogue of Palaearcic Coleoptera, volume 3. Apollo Books, Stenstrupt, 690 pp.","Niijima Y. & Kinoshita, E. (1923) Die Untersuchungen ber japanische Melolonthiden II. (Melolonthiden Japans und ihre Verbreitung). Research Bulletins of the College Experiment Forest, College of Agriculture, Hokkaido Imperial University, 2, 1 - 253.","Kano, T. (1931) Some new or unrecorded cetoniid-beetles from Formosa. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, 17, 127 - 134."]}

Epitrichius elegans (Kano, 1931) Trichius elegans Kano, 1931: 127 (Type locality: Taiheizan, Taiwan. Holotype in NSMT); Miwa & Ch��j�� 1939: 30 (catalog); Krikken 1972: 485, 492 (key, diagnosis). Trichius taiheisanus Kano, 1931: 128; Smetana 2006: 308 (junior synonym). Epitrichius elegans: Tagawa 1941: 21 (generic combination); Smetana 2006: 308 (catalog). Trichius elegans var. taiheisanus: Krikken 1972: 486 (new status). Type material examined. The male holotype, deposited in NSMT, is pinned with the following label: Taiheizan, 8.VI- 1926 / HOLOTYPE, Trichius elegans KANO, 1931. Other specimens examined. TAIWAN. Ilan: Taiheizan, 8.VI- 1926 (1 female, holotype of Trichius taiheisanus Kano, 1931, NSMT); 100 Logging Road, 17 -VI- 13 -VII- 2005, C. L. Li (4 males, 1 female, CCLI) (by flight intercept trap, FIT). Taoyuan: Mt. Lalashan, 5 -VI- 1990, C.-L. Li (1 female, CCLI). Kaoi, 14 -VI- 1987, C.-L. Li (1 male, CCLI); Balin, 5 -VII- 1996, C.- L. Li (1 female, CCLI). Hsinchu: Ximakuxi, 11 -VI- 2002, C. L. Li (1 male, 1 female, CCLI); Nantou: Peishankeng, 20 -V- 1941 (1 female, NSMT); ibid, 27 -VI- 1935 (1 female, NSMT); Chiayi: Jujiro, 2 -VIII- 1968, K. Yamamoto (1 female, NSMT); Kaohsiung: Meilan Logging Road, 4 -VII- 1998, C. L. Li (2 females, CCLI); Pingtung: Dahaim Logging Road, 1 -IX- 2004, C. L. Li (3 females, CCLI); Hwalien: Wanjung Logging Road, 2 -VII- 1998, C. L. Li (1 male, 2 females, CCLI); Tzeen, 29 -VI-- 1996, C. L. Li (2 males, 1 females, CCLI). Distribution. Taiwan (Fig. 19). Remarks. Ma (1995) reported that Epitrichius elegans is distributed in the Chinese insular province Hainan, southern China. However, we did not find any other specimens and/or collecting records of the species in Hainan. Because E. elegans is a splendid trichiine that can be easily distinguished from other species in the genus, we therefore treat the record from the island Hainan as doubtful. Adults of E. elegan s are widely distributed throughout the Central Mountain Ranges of Taiwan and the adjacent mountains ranging from 600��� 2000 m in elevation. The temporal distribution of T. elegans ranges from the end of May to early September with most found visiting flowers in the forest canopy., Published as part of Li, Chun-Lin, Yang, Ping-Shih & Wang, Kuo-Sheng Hsu Chuan-Chan, 2008, A review of the genus Epitrichius Tagawa, with an analysis of the internal sac armature of the male genitalia (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae), pp. 10-24 in Zootaxa 1895 on pages 14-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184420, {"references":["Kano, T. (1931) Some new or unrecorded cetoniid-beetles from Formosa. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, 17, 127 - 134.","Miwa, Y. & Chujo, M. (1939) Scarabaeidae. Catalogus Coleopterorum Japonicorum, Pars 5. Noda-Syobo, Taihoku, 94 pp.","Krikken, J. (1972) Species of the east Asian bifasciatus group in the genus Trichius Fabricius (Coleoptera, Cetoniidae). Zoologische Mededelingen, 47 (40), 481 - 501.","Smetana, A. (2006) Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae, pp. 283 - 313. In Lobl, I. & Smetana A. (eds.). Catalogue of Palaearcic Coleoptera, volume 3. Apollo Books, Stenstrupt, 690 pp.","Tagawa, H. (1941) On the (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) subfam. Trichiinae of Japan. Transactions of the Kyushu Entomological Society, 3 (1), 9 - 23.","Ma, W. - z. (1995) Economic insect fauna of China, Fasc. 46, Coleoptera: Cetoniidae, Trichiidae and Valgidae. Science Press, Beijing, 210 pp."]}

Epitrichius lagopus (Fairmaire) Trichius lagopus Fairemaire, 1897: 166 (Type locality: Amami-shima island, Japan. Type in NMNH); Schenkling 1922: 32 (catalog); Miwa & Ch��j�� 1939: 30 (catalog); Krikken 1972: 492 (key, diagnosis, lectotype designated). Trichius ferriei Pouillaude, 1913: 125; Krikken 1972: 488 (comment and placed in synonym) Epitrichius lagopus, Ishida & Fujioka 1988: 59 (catalog, generic combination); Fujioka 2001: 127 (catalog); Smetana 2006: 308 (catalog) Specimens examined. JAPAN. Amami-Oshima: Hatsuno, 9-10 -VII- 1962, N. Obayashi (2 females, CCLI); ibid, 27 -VI- 1961 (1 male, CCLI); Naze, 6 -VII- 2002 (1 male, 1 female, CCLI). Distribution. Amami-Oshima Island, southwestern Japan (Fig. 19). Remarks. Epitrichius lagopus is a peculiar species within the genus with its distribution only on a small and remote island, Amami-Oshima, some 300 km southwest of Kyushu (Japan���s southernmost main island). Morphologically, this species is similar to E. versutus with the setiferous surface of the head and pronotum as well the distinctly smaller size of the major hook on the internal sac. The triple transverse markings on each elytron are the most obvious characters that separate E. lagopus from all other species in the genus., Published as part of Li, Chun-Lin, Yang, Ping-Shih & Wang, Kuo-Sheng Hsu Chuan-Chan, 2008, A review of the genus Epitrichius Tagawa, with an analysis of the internal sac armature of the male genitalia (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae), pp. 10-24 in Zootaxa 1895 on page 17, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184420, {"references":["Schenkling, S. (1922) Scarabaeidae; Trichiinae, Valginae. Coleopterorum Catalogus, 75, 1 - 58.","Miwa, Y. & Chujo, M. (1939) Scarabaeidae. Catalogus Coleopterorum Japonicorum, Pars 5. Noda-Syobo, Taihoku, 94 pp.","Krikken, J. (1972) Species of the east Asian bifasciatus group in the genus Trichius Fabricius (Coleoptera, Cetoniidae). Zoologische Mededelingen, 47 (40), 481 - 501.","Pouillaude, I. (1913) Descriptions de deux espces nouvelles appartenant au genere Trichius Fabr. (Col. Trichides). Insecta, 3, 125 - 128.","Isida, M. & Fujioka, M. (1988) A list of lamellicornia in Japan (1 st ed. Supplement). Lamellicornia Supplement, 2, 1 - 62.","Fujioka, M. (2001) A list of Japanese lamellicornia. Kogane Supplement, 1, 1 - 293.","Smetana, A. (2006) Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae, pp. 283 - 313. In Lobl, I. & Smetana A. (eds.). Catalogue of Palaearcic Coleoptera, volume 3. Apollo Books, Stenstrupt, 690 pp."]}

Epitrichius versutus (Krikken), new combination Trichius versutus Krikken, 1972: 489 (Type locality: Mauson Mountains, Vietnam. Holotype in RMNH) Type material examined. The male holotype, deposited in RMNH, is pinned with the following label: Tokin, Mtes Mauson/ Rolle,, Trichius / fraterculus / Moser/ coll. F. T. Valck Lucassen/ Trichius versutus nov. J. Krikken ms 1972, HOLOTYPE / genitalia was dissected and glued to a paper point. Specimens examined. VIETNAM: Tonkin, Montes Mauson, April, Mai 2 ���3000���, H. Fruhstorfer (1 female, ISNB); Vin Phu: Tam Dao, 1100m., 12 -V- 2003, Mamoru Owada (1 female, NSMT); ibid, VI-VII- 1993 (1 male, Iwase coll.); ibid, IV- 1994 (1 male, CCLI); Cao Bang, 5 -VI- 1996, Itoh (1 male, CCLI); ibid, 29 -V- 1995, Kume & Itoh (1 female, CCLI). Distribution. Northern Vietnam (Fig. 19). Remarks. This species can be separated from species in the genus by the overall setiferous surface of the head and pronotum in both sexes, the setae along the base of the pronotum being denser and lighter in color, and the elytra with long semi-erect setae that is sparsely distributed around the scutellum and/or extends apically along the suture halfway down the elytra., Published as part of Li, Chun-Lin, Yang, Ping-Shih & Wang, Kuo-Sheng Hsu Chuan-Chan, 2008, A review of the genus Epitrichius Tagawa, with an analysis of the internal sac armature of the male genitalia (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae), pp. 10-24 in Zootaxa 1895 on page 17, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184420, {"references":["Krikken, J. (1972) Species of the east Asian bifasciatus group in the genus Trichius Fabricius (Coleoptera, Cetoniidae). Zoologische Mededelingen, 47 (40), 481 - 501."]}

Epitrichius shinshuingensis Li & Yang, new species Figs. 1���7 Holotype male (Fig. 1). Body oval-elongate, length 22.2 mm; width across humeri 9.5 mm. Body overall metallic reddish cupreous except for elytra, elytral reddish brown with two dull yellow, transverse bands, margins diffused, hardly defined. Dorsum slightly iridescent under microscopic view. Canthi, inner side of protibia and anterior margin of metafemur with dull green reflections. Head: Surface glabrous, rugopunctures lengthwise developed and distributed along sides of gena and eyes, size of punctures becoming gradually smaller anteriorly. Anterior margin of clypeus strongly emarginated medially, bilobed tips protruding and moderately acute with very tiny and sparse punctures marginally. Vertex punctures unevenly distributed. Thorax: Pronotum widest at base, semihexagonal, basolateral angles strongly produced and flare outward, lateral margin well defined, weakly serrate (Fig. 2). Surface glabrous with setigerous punctures adjacent to anteriolateral angles; setae short, slender, whitish yellow; surface with sublateral medial concentration of fine setae observable only under microscope. Median longitudinal stripe a conspicuous, contiguous to impunctate area just in front of scutellum; punctures along sides of median stripe sparse, gradually denser laterally. Scutellum triangular, broader than long, rounded at apex, nearly impunctate only with a few weakly developed lateral punctures. Elytra: Shining and glabrous. Margins of elytral with transverse bands diffused, hardly defined. Disc nearly flat, surface with 3 impunctate carinae between suture and humerus, basal third obsolete, middle carinae raised; intervals with punctures scattered; elytral apex and lateral sides rugose. Abdomen: Propygidium clothed with fringe of long yellowish brown setae reaching basal margin. Pygidial width nearly 1.7 times length medially; rugopunctate in concentrical array when viewed caudally; paramedian tufts consisting of dense, long, yellowish brown setae, a pair of vestigial tubercles located between tufts; pygidial disc rarely with tiny setae. Anterior side with sparse, short setae; marginal ridge well developed, moderately truncate. Mesometasternal process strongly protruding with quadrate apex curved vertically when viewed laterally; variably tufted with golden setae in different arrays; metasternum with weakly impressed, median, longitudinal groove widening posteriorly, setose laterally; median metasternal suture well defined; elevations adjacent to median groove glabrous, impunctate at basal halves with row of long setae laterally. Discal center of metasternum with shorter setae; metepisternum finely and sparsely setose. Sternites 1���4 subequal in width, last sternite with subapex weakly sinuate. Sternites 1���4 with paired submedian tufts of long setae, impunctate centrally; sternite 5 with a semicircular tuft centrally; sternite 6 with sparse punctures unevenly distributed, more densely setose punctures tufted centrally, tuft distinctively smaller then on sternite 5. Sternites 1���6 moderately rugopunctate on submedian to sublateral sides with densely setigenous areas from sternites 1���5 and contiguous to transversely shorter setae of anterior margins of sternites 1���5; lateral tips of sternites 2���4 independently tufted with shorter setae. Legs: Protibia unidentate. Inner tips of procoxae, mesocoxae, and metacoxae densely tufted with long golden setae; anterior sides of profemur transversely ridged medially, weakened apically, setae distributed laterally on basal two-thirds. Mesofemora and metafemora having similar arrays of setae on posterior sides, ventral surface with widely separated rugae; profemora sparsely punctate; discs of all femora with only tiny, scattered setae. Anterior margins of protrochanters and mesotrochanters and posterior margins of mesotrochanters and metatronchanters tufted as on coxa and contiguous with setae of femora. Short setae on inner sides of mesotibiae and metatibiae sparsely distributed. Protarsi and mesotarsomere 5 weakly setose on ventral sides; apical notches of tarsomeres 1���4 tufted with deep-brown setae contiguous to ventrally parallel row of setae, length of setae approximately half of each tarsomere; metatarsomeres 2��� 5 ventrally covered with long yellowish brown setae, length of setae subequal to tarsomere; tarsomeres 2���4 fully setose on ventral side and tarsomere 5 with basal two-thirds setose; metatarsomere 1 with shorter deepbrown setae on venter and with longer whitish-yellow setae on apical notch; metatarsi 1.5 times longer than metatibiae; inner spurs of mesotibia and metatibia slightly longer than basal metatarsomeres; mesotarsomeres and metatarsomeres 1���4 subequal in length. Male genitalia: Paramere symmetrical, directed downwardly and basally, apex sharpened, inner margin emarginated medially (Fig. 3); ventral inter-paramere extensions with small, isolated sclerotized plate centrally (Fig. 4). Internal sac well developed, dorsum armed with two sclerotized hooks (Fig. 5), outer major hook distinctively larger than inner minor hook, major hook (Fig. 6) roughly trapezoidal in shape, apical tooth protruding upwardly, minor hook (Fig. 7) cork-shaped with upper and inner edges irregularly serrate. Female. Unknown. Diagnosis. This new species has parameres very similar in shape to those of Epitrichius fraterculus. However, E. shinshuingensis is distinguished from all other species in the genus by the following combination of characters: larger in body size, overall body including legs reddish cupreous with distinctive metallic reflections; pronotum widest at base; surface almost glabrous, punctures along sides of median stripe sparse; elytra shining, color reddish brown, margins of transverse bands diffused; abdominal sternites 1���4 with paired submedian tufts of long setae; protarsomere and mesotarsomere 5 weakly setose on ventral sides; inner spurs of mesotibia and metatibia slightly longer than basal metetarsomeres; apex of the parameres sharpened, inner side of parameres slightly swollen basal one-thirds; major hook of internal sac trapezoid and distinctively larger than minor hook. Variation in the type series is slight. The body size of the single paratype is smaller with its length 19.6 mm and width 8.7 mm. Also, the shape of the elytral transverse bands is less diffused and shorter than the holotype. Type material. The male holotype is pinned and with the following information on the label: TAIWAN: Ping Tong Co., 21 st km., Da Haim logging road, alt. ca 1500m., 17 /VIII/ 2004, visiting flowers of Elaceocarpus sylvestris, collr. K.-S. Hsu. The paratype male: same collecting locality as the holotype with different date and collector as on August 10, 2004, by L.-C. Shih. The holotype is deposited at the National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, Taiwan and the paratype is deposited at the Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. Distribution. Southern Taiwan (Fig. 19). Etymology. The specific name refers to the old name of the collecting site, Shinshuigen, which is famous since the early 1910 ���s for being the type locality of several vascular plants endemic to southern Taiwan. Remarks. Based on collecting efforts over the past three years, adults of this species appear only for a very short period of time, which makes them very difficult to find. The two type specimens of this new species were collected separately from the flowers of Elaceocarpus sylvestris (Elaeocarpaceae) and Prunus phaeosticta (Rosaceae), two common and non-endemic trees in the broadleaved evergreen forests at low and middle elevations in Taiwan. The occurrence of E. shinshuingensis is seemingly restricted to the southern montane areas of Taiwan which distribution pattern is uncommon for scarab beetles in Taiwan., Published as part of Li, Chun-Lin, Yang, Ping-Shih & Wang, Kuo-Sheng Hsu Chuan-Chan, 2008, A review of the genus Epitrichius Tagawa, with an analysis of the internal sac armature of the male genitalia (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae), pp. 10-24 in Zootaxa 1895 on pages 17-22, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184420

Modeling is a very important tool for scientific processes, requiring long-term dedication, desire, and continuous reflection. In this work, we discuss several aspects of modeling, and the reasons for doing it. We discuss two major modeling systems that have been built by us over the last 10 years. It is a long and arduous process but the reward of understanding can be enormous, as demonstrated in the examples shown in this work. We found that long-range transport of emerging Asian pollutants can be interpreted using a Lagrangian framework for wind analysis. More detailed processes still need to be modeled but an accurate representation of the wind structure is the most important thing above all others. Our long-term chemistry integrations reveal the capability of the IMS model in simulating tropospheric chemistry on a climate scale. These long-term integrations also show ways for further model development. Modeling is a quantitative process, and the understanding can be sustained only when theories are vigorously tested in the models and compared with high quality measurements. We should also not over look the importance of data visualization techniques. Humans feel more confident when they see things. Hence, modeling is an incredible journey, combining data collection, theoretical formulation, detailed computer coding and harnessing computer power. The best is yet to come., Comment: 30 pages, 18 figures

Here we report a modelling study of the spring ozone maximum and its interhemispheric asymmetry in the remote marine boundary layer (MBL). The modelled results are examined at the surface and on a series of time-height cross sections at several locations spread over the Atlantic, the Indian, and the Pacific Oceans. Comparison of model with surface measurements at remote MBL stations indicate a close agreement. The most striking feature of the hemispheric spring ozone maximum in the MBL can be most easily identified at the NH sites of Westman Island, Bermuda, and Mauna Loa, and at the SH site of Samoa. Modelled ozone vertical distributions in the troposphere are compared with ozone profiles. For the Atlantic and the Indian sites, the model generally produces a hemispheric spring ozone maximum close to those of the measurements. The model also produces a spring ozone maximum in the northeastern and tropical north Pacific close to those measurements, and at sites in the NH high latitudes. The good agreement between model and measurements indicate that the model can reproduce the proposed mechanisms responsible for producing the spring ozone maximum in these regions of the MBL, lending confidence in the use of the model to investigate MBL ozone chemistry (see part 2 and part 3). The spring ozone maximum in the tropical central south Pacific and eastern equatorial Pacific are less well reproduced by the model, indicating that both the transport of $O_3$ precursors from biomass burning emissions taking place in southeastern Asia, Australia, Oceania, southern Africa, and South America are not well represented in the model in these regions. Overall, the model produces a better simulation at sites where the stratosphere and biomass burning emissions are the major contributors., Comment: 24 pages, 8 figures