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Reducing wear and stabilizing the coefficient of friction (COF) are always frontier issues in the field of automobile braking materials. In this study, the wear resistance of carbon materials and the friction stability of porous materials were combined. Rice husk carbon (RHC) was prepared via vacuum pyrolysis, and the effects and mechanism of RHC contents on the tribological properties of non-asbestos organic braking composite materials (NAOBCM) were studied. The RHC was a porous carbon material mainly containing amorphous carbon and silicon dioxide (SiO2). The COF was improved and stabilized, and the wear resistance was significantly enhanced by adding low-dose RHC. The optimal performance was achieved at 4wt% RHC. As for the mechanism, the porous structure of RHC can prevent stress expansion on the worn subsurface, thus alleviating delamination wear and decreasing the number of large-size abrasive debris. As a result, the abrasive wear is relieved. Finally, the smaller peel-off pits and ploughs reduces roughness and improves the performance.

Temporal action proposal generation (TAPG) is a challenging task that aims to locate action instances in untrimmed videos with temporal boundaries. To evaluate the confidence of proposals, the existing works typically predict action score of proposals that are supervised by the temporal Intersection-over-Union (tIoU) between proposal and the ground-truth. In this paper, we innovatively propose a general auxiliary Background Constraint idea to further suppress low-quality proposals, by utilizing the background prediction score to restrict the confidence of proposals. In this way, the Background Constraint concept can be easily plug-and-played into existing TAPG methods (e.g., BMN, GTAD). From this perspective, we propose the Background Constraint Network (BCNet) to further take advantage of the rich information of action and background. Specifically, we introduce an Action-Background Interaction module for reliable confidence evaluation, which models the inconsistency between action and background by attention mechanisms at the frame and clip levels. Extensive experiments are conducted on two popular benchmarks, i.e., ActivityNet-1.3 and THUMOS14. The results demonstrate that our method outperforms state-of-the-art methods. Equipped with the existing action classifier, our method also achieves remarkable performance on the temporal action localization task., Comment: Accepted by AAAI2022. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2105.12043

Haploidentical stem cell transplantation (haplo-SCT) with post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PT-Cy) is an alternative treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients who lack HLA-matched donors. Relapse after haplo-SCT remains a major concern, especially after nonmyeloablative conditioning regimens. Promising results were reported for TBF-based conditioning regimens (thiotepa, busulfan, and fludarabine) in patients transplanted from different categories of donors and for various disease types but not specifically in PT-Cy haplo-SCT for AML. Here we evaluate the outcome of 100 AML patients who received haplo-SCT with PT-Cy after TBF conditioning regimens (reduced-intensity conditioning, n = 77; myeloablative conditioning, n = 23) in 2 transplant programs. Cumulative incidences of grades III to IV acute and moderate or severe chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) were 7% and 14%, respectively. NRM at 2 years was 28%, significantly influenced by disease status at haplo-SCT (first complete response [CR1] versus advanced AML: 16% versus 38%, P = .016) but not by conditioning intensity or age. The cumulative incidences of relapse at 2 years were 17% and 24% in CR1 and advanced AML, respectively (not significant). Progression-free survival, overall survival, and GVHD and relapse-free survival at 2 years were 67%, 71%, and 49% in CR1 patients, respectively, whereas comparative values in patients with advanced disease were 37%, 41%, and 32%. Our study suggests that TBF conditioning for PT-Cy haplo-SCT is safe and effective for AML patients in CR1. In patients with more advanced disease, the relatively low incidence of relapse seems counterbalanced by a high nonrelapse mortality, underlining the need for alternative strategies to decrease relapse risk, without increasing the intensity of conditioning regimen.

In coping with climate change, China's CO2 mitigation targets should keep in step with the achievement of the long-term goal of holding temperature increase to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels by the end of this century (this is referred to as the 2 °C goal). Many previous papers have highlighted the implications of different effort-sharing principles and schemes in determining national contributions to global mitigations. In this paper, China's energy transformation towards the 2 °C goal until 2100 is examined in an integrated-assessment model in light of different effort-sharing principles to understand how the application of such schemes may alter China's energy system transformation on a pathway to this long-term goal. Across scenarios, China's non-fossil energy will account for 50–70% and 85% of primary energy consumption in 2050 and 2100, respectively in the scenarios in this study. Fossil energy with carbon capture and storage technologies and non-fossil energy will dominate power generation in China over the long run. Coal will be phased out in end-use sectors and electricity use will expand regardless of the effort-sharing principles. The sensitivity analysis of long-term steady-state levels implies that the ultimate level that emissions could reach will have great influences on the energy system transformation in China.

During the construction of a mountain tunnel, water-rich strata are often encountered. Current research on the influence of groundwater on the blasting construction of the adjacent tunnel is not in-depth enough. Based on the Yingpanshan tunnel project of Huali Expressway in Yunnan Province, China, this paper analyzes multi-factor couplings such as blasting dynamic load, large-section excavation, groundwater and adjacent construction. An adjacent construction model with a size of 80×80×50m is established by COMSOL Multiphysics software. Considering the change of permeability and elastic modulus of the model, the influence of blasting construction on the adjacent construction is reflected by the vibration velocity of the existing tunnel lining. The results show that the impact of groundwater on the safety of the adjacent structure is mainly related to the permeability, and its influence degree increases with the water pressure. In the water-rich stratum with high permeability of rock mass, it is necessary to pay attention to the influence of groundwater on the safety of adjacent blasting construction.

The modified acrylate redispersible polymer powders were obtained in a free-flowing form by spray drying the structured latex. The latex with configuration of soft-core and hard-shell was produced by emulsion polymerization, where methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl acrylate (BA) were used as comonomers, methacrylic acid (MAA) as functional monomer. The latex was modified by adipic dihydrazide (ADH) to lower the minimum film-forming temperature (MFFT), and it was found that the MFFT of the latex decreased as the content of ADH increased. The obtained latex was transformed into redispersible polymer powders by spray drying, where the silica-sol was used as anticaking agent. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to detect the distribution of silica sol in the latex before spray drying, and a raspberry morphology was found. Meanwhile, zeta potential showed that the polymer/silica system was rather stable. After spray drying, the morphology of the polymer powders and the distribution of silica were characterized by SEM and EDS. It indicated that the polymer powders had a standard spherical shape with silica-rich surface. The polymer powders could be redispersed in water with the properties similar to the “mother” latex; SEM showed that the redispersion formed a dense and smooth film at 25 °C.

Two new malic acid derivatives, namely eucomic acid 1-methyl ester (2) and 6'''-acetylmilitaline (7), together with ten known compounds (1, 3-6, 8-12), were isolated from the dry tubers of Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reichb. F., a perennial traditional Chinese medicinal herb, which was used for the treatment of pneumonophthisis, pneumonorrhagia, tuberculosis, and hemorrhage of the stomach or lung. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses, including 1D-, 2D-NMR, and HR-ESI-MS.

Social networking sites supporting federated identities offer a convenient and increasingly popular mechanism for cross-site authentication. Unfortunately, they also exacerbate many privacy and tracking risks. We propose Crypto-Book, an anonymizing layer enabling cross-site authentication while reducing these risks. Crypto-Book relies on a set of independently managed servers that collectively assign each social network identity a public/private keypair. Only an identity's owner learns all the private key shares, and can therefore construct the private key, while all participants can obtain any user's public key, even if the corresponding private key has yet to be retrieved. Having obtained an appropriate key set, a user can then leverage anonymous authentication techniques such as linkable ring signatures to log into third-party web sites while preserving privacy. We have implemented a prototype of Crypto-Book and demonstrate its use with three applications: a Wiki system, an anonymous group communication system, and a whistleblower submission system. Our results show that for anonymity sets of size 100, Crypto-Book login takes 0.56s for signature generation by the client, 0.38s for signature verification on the server, and requires 5.6KB of communication bandwidth., Comment: 9 figures

Modified reinforced polysulfone (PSF) membranes are introduced in this article; its sensitivity to the environmental temperature and humidity in membrane formation can be reduced, and the effect of the gelation medium temperature on membrane pore size can also be improved. We try to find the membrane's pore formation rule and overcome the defect of membrane too thick and easily curled so that we can make the production condition of the membrane similar to that of cellulose acetate (CA) membranes and suitable to continuous pilot scale-up production. We also briefly illustrate the effect of polymer concentration on machine-case membranes, the effect of operating pressure on PSF ultrafiltration (UF) flux, and the trial uses.

Objective: All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)/arsenic trioxide (ATO) combination therapy for newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has yielded high efficacy in clinical trials, but there are few studies focusing on the long-term follow-up of survival and complications. Methods: In this study, we followed up 217 patients with newly diagnosed APL treated with ATRA/ATO combination therapy between 2001 and 2010. Health assessment for long-term complications and quality of life was performed for 112 of these patients, meanwhile the arsenic retention in their plasma, urine, hair and nails was detected by inductively coupled argon plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results: A total of 199 patients (91.7%) achieved complete remission (CR). The estimated 10-year event-free survival (EFS), overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) were 78.0%, 86.3%, 87.0% and 12.0%, respectively. High white blood cell (WBC) count remained as the only unfavorable prognostic factor for remission duration and led to significant differences between low-to-intermediate and high-risk groups in EFS (82.1% vs. 63.9%, P=0.016), DFS (90.6% vs. 73.1%, P=0.008) and CIR (8.0% vs. 26.9%, P=0.003). For the 112 patients who received health assessment, there were no significant long-term complications associated with ATRA/ATO therapy, except for higher incidence of grade-1 liver dysfunction (15.2%) and hepatic steatosis (42.9%) compared to healthy controls (both P Conclusion: This study with long-term follow-up clearly demonstrated that ATRA/ATO in newly diagnosed APL patients was associated with long-term survival, particularly for patients with low-to-intermediate risk diseases, as well as few complications, minimal arsenic retention and good quality of life. Table 1 Estimated 10-year Survival by Different Risk Stratification EFS OS DFS CIR Total 78.0% 86.3% 87.0% 12.0% Sanz¡¯s risk stratification Low-risk 82.4% 89.7% 89.6% 8.2% Intermediate-risk 81.8% 88.2% 91.0% 8.0% High-risk 63.9% 78.4% 73.1% 26.9% P value 0.048* 0.165 0.029* 0.009** WBC-based stratification Low-to-intermediate-risk 82.1% 88.8% 90.6% 8.0% High-risk 63.9% 78.4% 73.1% 26.9% P value 0.016* 0.069 0.008** 0.003** *P Table 2 Major Abnormalities in the Assessment of Long-term Complications (patients No.=112) Abnormal Findings Patients No. (%) Healthy Controls No. (%) P value Lower WBC count 1 (0.9)† 0 1.000 Cardiovascular events Elevated myocardial enzymes 5 (4.5)# 1 (0.9) 0.212 Long Q-T interval 0 0 / T wave change 14 (12.5) 15 (13.4) 0.842 Echocardiogram abnormality 1 (0.9)ǂ 0 1.000 Liver, kidney and GI dysfunction Liver dysfunction 17 (15.2) 2 (1.8) Figure 1 Figure 1. Figure 2 Figure 2. Figure 3 Figure 3. Disclosures Zhao: National Natural Science Foundation of China (81300451): Research Funding. Chen:National High-tech R&D Program (863 Program) (2012AA02A505): Research Funding.

A novel discrete-time digital channel blind estimation sub-optimal algorithm is proposed, which reduces the complexity of the optimal maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) considerably by using the one-step branch transition rules in trellises, and is suitable for the estimation of the channels with small length of inter-symbol interference (ISI).

This paper describes the preparation of low-pressure reverse osmosis drying membrane from cellulose diacetate (CA)-cellulose triacetate(CTA) mixtures and it's performance. The paper discusses the effects of kind and concentration of solvents and additives, polymerization degree and viscosity of CTA and environmental conditions on the membrane performance, it also presents the test result of the membrane performance.