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We report on the discovery of two high-pressure minerals, tuite and ahrensite, located in two small shock-induced melt pockets (SIMP 1 and 2) in the Zagami martian meteorite, coexisting with granular and acicular stishovite and seifertite. Tuite identified in this study has two formation pathways: decomposition of apatite and transformation of merrillite under high-P-T conditions. Chlorine-bearing products, presumably derived from the decomposition of apatite, are concentrated along the grain boundaries of tuite grains. Nanocrystalline ahrensite in the pyroxene clast in SIMP 2 is likely to be a decomposition product of pigeonite under high-P-T conditions by a solid-state transformation mechanism. The pressure and temperature conditions estimated from the high-pressure minerals in the shock-induced melt pockets are ~12–22 GPa and ~1100–1500 °C, respectively, although previous estimates of peak shock pressure are higher. This discrepancy probably represents the shift of kinetic relative to thermodynamic phase boundaries, in particular the comparatively small region that we examine here, rather than a principal disagreement between the peak shock conditions.

Little is known about the role of hsa_circ_0103232 in melanoma. This study researched the role of hsa_circ_0103232 in melanoma progression. Hsa_circ_0103232 expression in clinical tissues of melanoma patients and melanoma cells was detected by qRT-PCR. Hsa_circ_0103232 localization in melanoma cells was visualized by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Hsa_circ_0103232 effect on melanoma cells viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion was explored by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, Edu experiment, wound healing assay, and Transwell experiment. RNA pull-down assay and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay were performed to verify the binding of hsa_circ_0103232 with miR-661, and the binding of miR-661 and RAB3D. Xenograft tumor models were constructed. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used for protein expression detection. Hsa_circ_0103232 expression was increased in melanoma patients, indicating lower overall survival. Hsa_circ_0103232 was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of melanoma cells. Silencing hsa_circ_0103232 suppressed melanoma cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) (P

Embedding & MLP has become a paradigm for modern large-scale recommendation system. However, this paradigm suffers from the cold-start problem which will seriously compromise the ecological health of recommendation systems. This paper attempts to tackle the item cold-start problem by generating enhanced warmed-up ID embeddings for cold items with historical data and limited interaction records. From the aspect of industrial practice, we mainly focus on the following three points of item cold-start: 1) How to conduct cold-start without additional data requirements and make strategy easy to be deployed in online recommendation scenarios. 2) How to leverage both historical records and constantly emerging interaction data of new items. 3) How to model the relationship between item ID and side information stably from interaction data. To address these problems, we propose a model-agnostic Conditional Variational Autoencoder based Recommendation(CVAR) framework with some advantages including compatibility on various backbones, no extra requirements for data, utilization of both historical data and recent emerging interactions. CVAR uses latent variables to learn a distribution over item side information and generates desirable item ID embeddings using a conditional decoder. The proposed method is evaluated by extensive offline experiments on public datasets and online A/B tests on Tencent News recommendation platform, which further illustrate the advantages and robustness of CVAR., 6 pages, 2 figures, accepted as SIGIR 2022 short paper

The value of in vivo preclinical diffusion MRI (dMRI) is substantial. Small-animal dMRI has been used for methodological development and validation, characterizing the biological basis of diffusion phenomena, and comparative anatomy. Many of the influential works in this field were first performed in small animals or ex vivo samples. The steps from animal setup and monitoring, to acquisition, analysis, and interpretation are complex, with many decisions that may ultimately affect what questions can be answered using the data. This work aims to serve as a reference, presenting selected recommendations and guidelines from the diffusion community, on best practices for preclinical dMRI of in vivo animals. In each section, we also highlight areas for which no guidelines exist (and why), and where future work should focus. We first describe the value that small animal imaging adds to the field of dMRI, followed by general considerations and foundational knowledge that must be considered when designing experiments. We briefly describe differences in animal species and disease models and discuss how they are appropriate for different studies. We then give guidelines for in vivo acquisition protocols, including decisions on hardware, animal preparation, imaging sequences and data processing, including pre-processing, model-fitting, and tractography. Finally, we provide an online resource which lists publicly available preclinical dMRI datasets and software packages, to promote responsible and reproducible research. An overarching goal herein is to enhance the rigor and reproducibility of small animal dMRI acquisitions and analyses, and thereby advance biomedical knowledge., Comment: 69 pages, 6 figures, 1 table

The value of preclinical diffusion MRI (dMRI) is substantial. While dMRI enables in vivo non-invasive characterization of tissue, ex vivo dMRI is increasingly being used to probe tissue microstructure and brain connectivity. Ex vivo dMRI has several experimental advantages including higher signal-to-noise ratio and spatial resolution compared to in vivo studies, and more advanced diffusion contrasts for improved microstructure and connectivity characterization. Another major advantage is direct comparison with histological data as a crucial methodological validation. However, there are a number of considerations that must be made when performing ex vivo experiments. The steps from tissue preparation, image acquisition and processing, and interpretation of results are complex, with many decisions that not only differ dramatically from in vivo imaging, but ultimately affect what questions can be answered using the data. This work represents 'Part 2' of a series of recommendations and considerations for preclinical dMRI, where we focus on best practices for dMRI of ex vivo tissue. We first describe the value that ex vivo imaging adds to the field of dMRI, followed by general considerations and foundational knowledge that must be considered when designing experiments. We then give guidelines for ex vivo protocols, including tissue preparation, imaging sequences and data processing including pre-processing, model-fitting, and tractography. Finally, we provide an online resource which lists publicly available ex vivo dMRI datasets and dedicated software packages. In each section, we attempt to provide guidelines and recommendations, but also highlight areas for which no guidelines exist, and where future work should lie. An overarching goal herein is to enhance the rigor and reproducibility of ex vivo dMRI acquisitions and analyses, and thereby advance biomedical knowledge., Comment: 59 pages, 12 figures, part of ongoing efforts on ISMRM Diffusion Study Group initiative 'Best Practices (Consensus) for diffusion MRI'. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2209.12994

This paper qualitatively analyzes the most recent, transnational graduate-level tourism program in China to follow the country’s so-called Chinese-Foreign Cooperation Model. Approved by the Chinese...

Additional file 1. Additional figures of NWA 8705.

Additional file 1. Table S1. Allele and genotype distributions of CLEC4E SNPs polymorphisms in the TB group and healthy controls. Table S2. Comparison of 4 SNPs in relation to TB risk in the Chinese Han population. Table S3. Comparison of 4 SNPs polymorphisms in relation to TB risk in Western Chinese Han population stratified by age. Table S4. Comparison of 4 SNPs in relation to TB risk in the Chinese Han population stratified. Table S5. Functional annotation of rs10841856 and its closely linked SNPs (r2>0.90) using data from the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements Project. Table S6. Analyses of expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) in rs10841856 and its closely linked SNPs (r2>0.90). Supplementary file 1. STROBE Statement—Checklist of items that should be included in reports of case-control studies.

Additional file 1. Fig. S1. Full range WDS Wavescans of the large zirconolite grain acquired with TAP (a), LPET (b, d), and LLiF (c) diffractors. The enlarged map of blue rectangle in (b) are displayed in (d), showing the details of low cps peaks. Fig. S2. Monte Carlo simulations of the interaction volumes of electrons and generation volumes of X-rays in zirconolite generated using Casino (Drouin et al., 2007) at 20 kV with a focused beam. The density of zirconolite is defined as 4.8 g/cm3. 1*104 electron trajectories were calculated and displayed. In order to acquire the smallest beam size, we plotted the correlation between electrons and X-rays volumes and EPMA beam diameter (a). The smallest XY dimensional diameter of electrons and X-rays of 1.3 μm was acquired when the focused EPMA beam diameter are no more than 200 nm. (b) The interaction volumes of electrons and generation volumes of X-rays at 20 kV with 200 nm EPMA beam diameter. (c) The XY dimensional energy distribution with 20 kV voltage and 200 nm beam size. (d) The YZ dimensional energy distribution with 20 kV voltage and 200 nm beam size shows 95% of energy are distributed less than 1.5 μm in depth.

The main muscle groups in the non-terminal straight line were gastrocnemius muscle, biceps femoris muscle, lateral femoris muscle and medial femoris muscle; The range of the main muscle groups during the entire cushioning and thrusting and extension phases is very stable. The cushioning phase is the gastrocnemius, biceps femoris, tibial anterior muscle, and lateral femoris; the thrusting and extension phases are the medial femoris, lateral femoris, and biceps femoris, Gastrocnemius; Rhythm has no significant difference in the MPF of each muscle group in the non-end-point straight and the end-point straight (P>0.05), and the MPF of each muscle group in the end-point straight has a downward trend.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-car-10.1177_19476035211007909 for Effects of Angular Resolution and b Value on Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Knee Joint by Qi Zhao, Rees P. Ridout, Jikai Shen and Nian Wang in CARTILAGE

Footprints can provide strong evidence for the detection of criminal cases, and the similarity retrieval of footprint images is generally carried out using hand-extracted image features, which have problems such as low retrieval matching accuracy and slow retrieval speed. In order to solve the above problems, a footprint image retrieval method based on deep supervised binary hash(DSBH) is proposed, and the feature extraction of footprint image is carried out by using the convolutional neural network, which can be combined with the deep hash algorithm to solve the retrieval problem of footprint image. The experimental results can reach 0.980, which proves the effectiveness of this method.

Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB), caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las), is one of the most destructive citrus diseases worldwide, yet how Las causes HLB is poorly understood. Here we show that a Las-secreted protein, SDE15 (CLIBASIA_04025), suppresses plant immunity and promotes Las multiplication. Transgenic expression of SDE15 in Duncan grapefruit (Citrus × paradisi) suppresses the hypersensitive response induced by Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri (Xcc) and reduces the expression of immunity-related genes. SDE15 also suppresses the hypersensitive response triggered by the Xanthomonas vesicatoria effector protein AvrBsT in Nicotiana benthamiana, suggesting that it may be a broad-spectrum suppressor of plant immunity. SDE15 interacts with the citrus protein CsACD2, a homolog of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 2 (ACD2). SDE15 suppression of plant immunity is dependent on CsACD2, and overexpression of CsACD2 in citrus suppresses plant immunity and promotes Las multiplication, phenocopying overexpression of SDE15. Identification of CsACD2 as a susceptibility target has implications in genome editing for novel plant resistance against devastating HLB.

'Candidatus Liberibacter' species are insect-transmitted, phloem-limited α-Proteobacteria in the order of Rhizobiales. The citrus industry is facing significant challenges due to huanglongbing, associated with infection from 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' (Las). In order to gain greater insight into 'Ca. Liberibacter' biology and genetic diversity, we have performed genome sequencing and comparative analyses of diverse 'Ca. Liberibacter' species, including those that can infect citrus. Our phylogenetic analysis differentiates 'Ca. Liberibacter' species and Rhizobiales in separate clades and suggests stepwise evolution from a common ancestor splitting first into nonpathogenic Liberibacter crescens followed by diversification of pathogenic 'Ca. Liberibacter' species. Further analysis of Las genomes from different geographical locations revealed diversity among isolates from the United States. Our phylogenetic study also indicates multiple Las introduction events in California and spread of the pathogen from Florida to Texas. Texan Las isolates were closely related, while Florida and Asian isolates exhibited the most genetic variation. We have identified conserved Sec translocon (SEC)-dependent effectors likely involved in bacterial survival and virulence of Las and analysed their expression in their plant host (citrus) and insect vector (Diaphorina citri). Individual SEC-dependent effectors exhibited differential expression patterns between host and vector, indicating that Las uses its effector repertoire to differentially modulate diverse organisms. Collectively, this work provides insights into the evolution of 'Ca. Liberibacter' species, the introduction of Las in the United States and identifies promising Las targets for disease management.

A connectome is a map of the structural and/or functional connections in the brain. This information-rich representation has the potential to transform our understanding of the relationship between patterns in brain connectivity and neurological processes, disorders, and diseases. However, existing computational techniques used to analyze connectomes are oftentimes insufficient for interrogating multi-subject connectomics datasets: most current methods are either solely designed to analyze single connectomes, or leverage heuristic graph statistics that are unable to capture the complete topology of connections between brain regions. To enable more rigorous connectomics analysis, we introduce a set of robust and interpretable statistical hypothesis tests motivated by recent theoretical advances in random graph models. These tests facilitate simultaneous analysis of multiple connectomes across different levels of network topology, enabling the robust and reproducible discovery of hierarchical brain structures that vary in relation with phenotypic profiles. In addition to explaining the theoretical foundations and guarantees of our hypothesis tests, we demonstrate their superiority over current state-of-the-art connectomics methods through extensive simulation studies, as well as synthetic and real-data experiments. Using a set of high-resolution connectomes obtained from genetically distinct mouse strains (including the BTBR mouse -- a standard model of autism -- and three behavioral wild-types), we illustrate how our methods can be used to successfully uncover latent information in multi-subject connectomics data and yield valuable insights into the connective correlates of neurological phenotypes. The code necessary to reproduce the analyses, simulations, and figures presented in this work are available in a series of Jupyter Notebooks (https://github.com/neurodata/MCC)., Comment: 29 pages, 12 figures

BackgroundVarious studies by MRI exhibit that the corpus callosum (CC) is the most vulnerable to cuprizone administration, detecting the demyelination and remyelination process using different MRI parameters are, however, lacking.PurposeTo investigate the sensitivity of multiparametric MRI both in vivo and ex vivo for demyelination and remyelination.Study typeProspective.Animal modelA cuprizone mice model with an age-matched control group (n = 5), 4-week cuprizone exposure group followed by 9-week on a normal diet (n = 6), and a 13-week cuprizone exposure group (n = 6).Field strength/sequence3D gradient recalled echo, T2 -weighted, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) at 7.0T and 9.4T.AssessmentQuantification of DTI metrics, quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), and T2 -weighted imaging intensity in major white matter bundles.Statistical testsNonparametric permutation tests were used with a cluster-forming threshold as 3.09 (equivalent to P = 0.001), and the significant level as P = 0.05 with family-wise correction.ResultsIn vivo susceptibility values increased from -11.7 to -0.7 ppb (P < 0.001) in CC and from -13.7 to -5.1 ppb (P < 0.001) in the anterior commissure (AC) after the 13-week cuprizone exposure. Ex vivo susceptibility values increased from -25.4 to 7.4 ppb (P < 0.001) in CC and from -41.6 to -15.8 ppb (P < 0.001) in AC. Susceptibility values showed high variations to demyelination for in vivo studies (94.0% in CC, 62.8% in AC). Susceptibility values exhibited higher variations than radial diffusivity for ex vivo studies (129.1% vs. 28.3% in CC, 62.0% vs. 25.0% in AC). In addition to the differential susceptibility variations in different white matter tracts, intraregional demyelination variation was also present not only in CC but also in the AC area by voxel-based analysis.Data conclusionQSM is sensitive to the demyelination process of cuprizone exposure, which can be a complementary technique to conventional T2 -weighted images and DTI metrics.Level of evidence2 Technical Efficacy Stage: 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1852-1865.

The influence of the light burning temperature on the sintering property of nature dolomite has been investigated by two-step sintering process in the temperature range 1500 °C to 1600 °C. The resulting bulk densities and apparent porosities of the sintered dolomite samples were examined, and analyzing the sintered dolomite by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were performed. The results showed light burned at 850 °C for 3 h, the main phases of the dolomite with 3-5 grain size were MgO, CaO and little CaCO3, and then fired at 1600 °C,the density of sintering dolomite reached to 3.38 g/cm3, the apparent property was 1.2 %, the size of MgO grain up to 3.75 μm . However when dolomite light burned at 1050 °C for 3 h, the main phases were MgO and CaO, and then fired at 1600 °C,the density of sintering dolomite only was 3.30 g/cm3, the apparent property was 2.3 %, the size of MgO only was 3.05 μm .

Micropowder MgCO3 was added into magnesite as raw materials to prepare magnesia using a two-step calcination method. The sample magnesite was characterized use X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Experimental results showed that the sample insulated at 1600° C for 3 hours before and after sintering presented a linear change rate of 15.6 % in the case of without adding micropowder MgCO3, the prepared magnesia had a bulk density of 2.31 g/cm3 and apparent porosity of 32.8 %, while MgO grain size was 3.11 μm. In the case of adding 8 % micropowder MgCO3, the sample magnesite before and after sintering showed a linear change rate of 17.9 %. The bulk density, apparent porosity of prepared magnesia were 2.46 g/cm3 and 28.1 % respectively, while the grain size of MgO was 5.15 mm.

Interconnected power system is a typical nonlinear dynamical system, it will cause great harm to the interconnected power system when the chaos occurred. This paper analyses the nonlinear dynamical behavior of the interconnected power system with a uncertain electromagnetic disturbance amplitude, and the influence of the electromagnetic disturbance amplitude on the stability of the system is obtained. Thus, this paper proposes a novel non-singular terminal sliding mode control to restrain the chaos, then the system will reach a stable state in a fixed time. According to the theoretical analysis, by introducing the saturation function, the control method can solve the singularity problem in the sliding mode control, and the interconnected power system will be stable in a short time when it’s in chaos. The simulation prove the correctness of the method.

Considering the fact that the exponential synchronization of neural networks has been widely used in theoretical research and practical application of many scientific fields, and there are a few researches about the exponential synchronization of fractional-order memristor-based neural networks (FMNN). This paper concentrates on the FMNN with time-varying delays and investigates its exponential synchronization. A simple linear error feedback controller is applied to compel the response system to synchronize with the drive system. Combining the theories of differential inclusions and set valued maps, a new sufficient condition concerning exponential synchronization is obtained based on comparison principle rather than the traditional Lyapunov theory. The obtained results extend exponential synchronization of integer-order system to fractional-order memristor-based neural networks with time-varying delays. Finally, some numerical examples are used to demonstrate the effectiveness and correctness of the main results.

Fisheries for catadromous fish migrating through the fishing grounds are conceptualized as transit stock fisheries, whose local population dynamics is completely controlled by immigration and emigration. We present an extension to generalized depletion models to estimate the abundance and natural mortality rate of transit stock fishes using detailed fishery catch and effort data. We apply the model to 13 annual seasons of the Anguilla japonica glass eel fishery in the Shuang River estuary, northeast Taiwan. Estimates of abundance and natural mortality compare well with estimates for other species obtained from experimental studies or from data-rich stock assessment models at similar spatial scales. Parameter estimates are generally robust to biases and imprecision in the fisheries catch and effort data. The size of migration waves arriving at the estuary support a splitting mechanism controlled by eddies during oceanic migration. This extension of generalized depletion model provides a useful tool for the assessment of glass eel fisheries in East Asia, South East Asia, Europe and North America when only fisheries-dependent data are available.

Figure S4. Biogegraphical ancestral area reconstruction across ingroup (XCC pathotypes) and outgroup, using the Bayesian Binary MCMC algorithm in RASP. Areas: (A) Caribbean; (B) China; (C) East Africa; (D) Indian Ocean Islands; (E) Indian Subcontinent; (F) Indochina; (G) Japan; (H) Middle East; (I) South America; (J) USA; (K) West Africa. (PDF 1889 kb)

Figure S2. Number of genes that are differentially expressed during poplar AR formation. (PPTX 9022 kb)

Figure S5. ProgressiveMauve alignment of the genomic island of X. durantae against the three plasmids from the Aw strain TX160149 from Texas. (PDF 32 kb)

Figure S3. Boxplot of FPKM values for differentially expressed genes related to phytohormone transport. FPKM represents fragments per kilobase of transcript per million fragments mapped. Each boxplot consists of the Q1 (1/4 quartiles, the bottom of the box), Q3 (3/4 quartiles, the top bottom of the box), the median Q2 (the line inside into the box), Q3 + 1.5 IQR (interquartile range, Q3-Q1, the highest line outside the box) and Q1–1.5 IQR (the lowest line outside the box). Values larger than Q3 + 1.5 IQR or less than Q1–1.5 IQR were considered as outliers and they were plotted as dots outside of the Q3 + 1.5 IQR or Q1–1.5 IQR. If Q3 + 1.5 IQR is less than Q3 or Q1–1.5 IQR is less than Q1, their corresponding lines will not be shown. (PPTX 38 kb)

Figure S4. Boxplot of FPKM values for differentially expressed genes related to phytohormone metabolism. The figure legends are similar to Additional file 3: Figure S3. (PPTX 44 kb)

Table S1. Genomic data associated with the six newly sequenced XCC genomes. Table S2. The 120 genes for which presence/absence was investigated across pathotypes: 63 effectors from the Xanthomonas.org database; and 57 pathogenicity-related genes (see text for details). (DOC 789 kb)

Table S2. QTLs associated with valencene content detected in the F1 population of Fortune Ă Murcott. (DOCX 13 kb)

Figure S4. Boxplot of FPKM values for differentially expressed genes related to phytohormone metabolism. The figure legends are similar to Additional file 3: Figure S3. (PPTX 44 kb)

Figure S1. Dendrogram of RNA-Seq samples used for time course transcriptome analysis. (PPTX 125 kb)

Figure S3. Boxplot of FPKM values for differentially expressed genes related to phytohormone transport. FPKM represents fragments per kilobase of transcript per million fragments mapped. Each boxplot consists of the Q1 (1/4 quartiles, the bottom of the box), Q3 (3/4 quartiles, the top bottom of the box), the median Q2 (the line inside into the box), Q3 + 1.5 IQR (interquartile range, Q3-Q1, the highest line outside the box) and Q1–1.5 IQR (the lowest line outside the box). Values larger than Q3 + 1.5 IQR or less than Q1–1.5 IQR were considered as outliers and they were plotted as dots outside of the Q3 + 1.5 IQR or Q1–1.5 IQR. If Q3 + 1.5 IQR is less than Q3 or Q1–1.5 IQR is less than Q1, their corresponding lines will not be shown. (PPTX 38 kb)

Figure S3.Trees based on different datasets and/or types of analysis. Resolutions are based on branch support ≥95% (or 0.95). (PDF 672 kb)

Table S1. Primers used for qRT-PCR assays for experimental validation (DOCX 18 kb)

Figure S1. PCA of 12 genomic features obtained by DFAST for each genome during reannotation, used to detect and remove from downstream analyses genomes that had: (1) the largest separation from the other points according to the first PC; and (2) which corresponded to worse-behaviored genomes according to any of the 12 features (e.g., less gaps; larger N50). The features considered were: Total Sequence Length (bp), Number of Sequences, Longest Sequence (bp), N50 (bp), Gap Ratio (%), GCcontent (%), Number of CDSs, Average Protein Length, Coding Ratio (%), Number of rRNAs, Number of tRNAs, and Number of CRISPRs. We found out that Average Protein Length and Coding Ratio were always smaller in the suspicious genomes, and at the same time their gap ratio was higher, suggesting these genomes could bias analyses downstream. A total of 12 genomes were eliminated. (PDF 44 kb)

Figure S2. Saturation plots obtained in DAMBE (for transitions and transversions separately and in different colors). x-axis: F84-distances; y-axis: p-distances. (PDF 43 kb)

Table S2. Summary of the RNA-seq data (DOCX 13 kb)

Figure S1. Dendrogram of RNA-Seq samples used for time course transcriptome analysis. (PPTX 125 kb)

Figure S2. Number of genes that are differentially expressed during poplar AR formation. (PPTX 9022 kb)

Figure S5. Boxplot of FPKM values for differentially expressed genes related to phytohormone receptors. The figure legends are similar to Additional file 7: Figure S3. (PPTX 45 kb)

Figure S1. Prediction of active sites and binding sites on the protein of Cstps1 among Murcott, Fortune and Valencia. (DOCX 25 kb)

Table S3. Detail of the DEGs of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri regulated by DSF/RpfF â mediated QS (DOCX 35 kb)

Table S1. Valencene content in Fortune, Murcott, and their F1 progeny. (DOCX 16 kb)

Figure S5. Boxplot of FPKM values for differentially expressed genes related to phytohormone receptors. The figure legends are similar to Additional file 7: Figure S3. (PPTX 45 kb)

In multispectral thermometry, spectral emissivity calculation is crucial for temperature measurement. Constraint optimization algorithms require a shrunken emissivity search range and an appropriate initial solution to ensure high accuracy of temperature calculation. We propose a novel method without these requirements. In our method, the trend of the emissivity-wavelength curve is utilized to establish constraints, and a genetic algorithm is utilized as the optimization tool. Experiments reveal that the proposed method significantly improves the accuracy of temperature calculation for multispectral thermometry within a relative error of 1%. Our method can be applied to some high-precision temperature measurements (that require relative error less than 1%), such as the measurement of subtle variations in temperature distribution for aerospace engine plumes, and the measurement of slight changes in temperature during laser processing.

Alumina-zirconia (Al2O3-ZrO2) composite ceramics were prepared by means of cross spraying and hydrothermal method under atmospheric pressure with nanometer powders doped with ZrO2 as the raw material. Then, the prepared powders and ceramics were characterized by SEM, XRD and BET methods. The results showed that combining cross spraying with hydrothermal method under atmospheric pressure could improve the dispersity of the ZrO2 composite ceramics nanopowders, while adding Al2O3 accelerated the low temperature sintering for 3Y-ZrO2 and improved the bending strength, fracture toughness and density of ZrO2 composite ceramics. In addition, through optimization the bending strength and fracture toughnessof the obtained ceramic, were 1,150 MPa and 8.2 MPa∙m1/2 respectively.

PurposeTo investigate the B0 orientation-dependent magnetic susceptibility of collagen fibrils within the articular cartilage and to determine whether susceptibility tensor imaging (STI) can detect the 3D collagen network within cartilage.MethodsMultiecho gradient echo datasets (100-μm isotropic resolution) were acquired from fixed porcine articular cartilage specimens at 9.4 T. The susceptibility tensor was calculated using phase images acquired at 12 or 15 different orientations relative to B0 . The susceptibility anisotropy of the collagen fibril was quantified and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was compared against STI. 3D tractography was performed to visualize and track the collagen fibrils with DTI and STI.ResultsSTI experiments showed the distinct and significant anisotropic magnetic susceptibility of collagen fibrils within the articular cartilage. STI can be used to measure and quantify susceptibility anisotropy maps. Furthermore, STI provides orientation information of the underlying collagen network via 3D tractography.ConclusionThe findings of this study demonstrate that STI can characterize the orientation variation of collagen fibrils where diffusion anisotropy fails. We believe that STI could serve as a sensitive and noninvasive marker to study the collagen fibrils microstructure. Magn Reson Med 78:1683-1690, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.