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Effects of factors including resolution, reconstruction distance, wavelength and pixel pitch on reconstruction quality

Supplementary Material 1

In this letter, we compare three polynomial chaos expansion (PCE)-based methods for ANCOVA (ANalysis of COVAriance) indices based global sensitivity analysis for correlated random inputs in two power system applications. Surprisingly, the PCE-based models built with independent inputs after decorrelation may not give the most accurate ANCOVA indices, though this approach seems to be the most correct one and was applied in [1] in the field of civil engineering. In contrast, the PCE model built using correlated random inputs directly yields the most accurate ANCOVA indices for global sensitivity analysis. Analysis and discussions about the errors of different PCE-based models will also be presented. These results provide important guidance for uncertainty management and control in power system operation and security assessment., Comment: This paper has been accepted by IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs

Classification is one of the main applications of supervised learning. Recent advancement in developing quantum computers has opened a new possibility for machine learning on such machines. Due to the noisy performance of near-term quantum computers, error mitigation techniques are essential for extracting meaningful data from noisy raw experimental measurements. Here, we propose two ensemble-learning error mitigation methods, namely bootstrap aggregating and adaptive boosting, which can significantly enhance the performance of variational quantum classifiers for both classical and quantum datasets. The idea is to combine several weak classifiers, each implemented on a shallow noisy quantum circuit, to make a strong one with high accuracy. While both of our protocols substantially outperform error-mitigated primitive classifiers, the adaptive boosting shows better performance than the bootstrap aggregating. The protocols have been exemplified for classical handwriting digits as well as quantum phase discrimination of a symmetry-protected topological Hamiltonian, in which we observe a significant improvement in accuracy. Our ensemble-learning methods provide a systematic way of utilising shallow circuits to solve complex classification problems., Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures

Supplementary Material 3

Background: Bronze spears are weapons with unique regional characteristics of the Shu culture, Southwest China in the Bronze Age, which reflect the bronze manufacturing tradition and the utilization of mineral resources of ancestors. Previous studies mainly focused on the classification, the alloy composition, or the production of bronze spearheads of the Shu culture. The purpose of this paper was to make a comprehensive discussion on the Shu culture from the aspects of the relationship between typology and scientific characteristics, the differences in metal raw material selection with the Ba culture, and the contact with the culture in the Central Plains. Methods: In this study, typology, portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (pXRF) and multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) were used to analyze thirteen bronze spearheads unearthed from Shuangyuan site, an Eastern Zhou cemetery in Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, Southwest China. Results: The results show that the spearheads can be classified into three types in typology. All samples are tin-lead ternary bronzes, and the lead isotope data indicate the lead ore. Most spearheads show ordinary lead, and only one spearhead has highly radiogenic lead. Conclusion: The typical Shu-style bronze spearheads have distinct shapes but similar ore materials. Meanwhile, people of the Ba culture and the Shu culture used different metal sources to make bronze spearheads. In addition, a very special bronze spearhead suggests that ancestors of the Shu culture in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty imitated the late Shang culture in the Central Plains.

Background. Shock is one of the causes of mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU). Traditionally, hemodynamics related to shock have been monitored by broad-spectrum devices with treatment guided by many inaccurate variables to describe the pathophysiological changes. Critical care ultrasound (CCUS) has been widely advocated as a preferred tool to monitor shock patients. The purpose of this study was to analyze and broaden current knowledge of the characteristics of ultrasonic hemodynamic pattern and investigate their relationship to outcome. Methods. This prospective study of shock patients in CCUS was conducted in 181 adult patients between April 2016 and June 2017 in the Department of Intensive Care Unit of West China Hospital. CCUS was performed within the initial 6 hours after shock patients were enrolled. The demographic and clinical characteristics, ultrasonic pattern of hemodynamics, and outcome were recorded. A stepwise bivariate logistic regression model was established to identify the correlation between ultrasonic variables and the 28-day mortality. Results. A total of 181 patients with shock were included in our study (male/female: 113/68). The mean age was 58.2±18.0 years; the mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II score) was 23.7±8.7, and the 28-day mortality was 44.8% (81/181). The details of ultrasonic pattern were well represented, and the multivariate analysis revealed that mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE), mitral annular peak systolic velocity (S′-MV), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), and lung ultrasound score (LUSS) were the independent risk factors for 28-day mortality in our study, as well as APACHE II score, PaO2/FiO2, and lactate (p=0.047, 0.041, 0.022, 0.002, 0.027, 0.028, and 0.01, respectively). Conclusions. CCUS exam on admission provided valuable information to describe the pathophysiological changes of shock patients and the mechanism of shock. Several critical variables obtained by CCUS were related to outcome, hence deserving more attention in clinical decision-making. Trial Registration. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of West China Hospital Review Board for human research with the following reference number 201736 and was registered on ClinicalTrials. This trial is registered with NCT03082326 on 3 March 2017 (retrospectively registered).

Additional file 2: Table S1. Clinical and Sleep Characteristics of All Subjects (n = 7110).

The potential for effector functions of therapeutic antibodies, including antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), is a biological activity of interest for characterization, regardless of if ADCC is an intended primary pharmacological effect. The composition of the conserved antibody Fc glycan can vary as a function of post-translational processing which may affect the binding affinity to Fc receptors, leading to a change of effector activity. Ordesekimab (AMG 714 or PRV-015), a fully human immunoglobulin G1-kappa anti-interleukin (IL)-15 monoclonal antibody, is in clinical development for celiac disease. The binding of ordesekimab to IL-15 inhibits the interaction of IL-15 with the IL-2Rβ and common γ chain of the IL-15 receptor complex, but not with the IL-15Rα chain. Therefore, the simultaneous binding of ordesekimab to the Fcγ receptor (R) IIIα expressed on natural killer (NK) cells and to the IL-15/IL-15Rα complex on cells such as monocytes may theoretically enable ADCC toward the IL-15Rα-expressing cells. The high mannose (HM) levels on the Fc glycan were found to vary in different lots of ordesekimab resulting from refinements to the manufacturing process, and the impact on ordesekimab-mediated ADCC activity was evaluated in in vivo and in vitro studies. A review of nonclinical and clinical data found no evidence of ordesekimab-induced depletion of monocytes, or cytotoxicity in organs with wide IL-15Rα expression, suggesting a lack of in vivo ADCC activity. In addition, in vitro peripheral blood mononuclear cells-based ADCC assay did not reveal any cytolytic effect of ordesekimab with various levels of HM content when cocultured with recombinant human IL-15. Taken together, these data demonstrate that ADCC is not a potential liability for ordesekimab and does not contribute to the reduction of IL-15-mediated inflammation, the intended pharmacological effect.

Additional file 1: Table S1. The composition data of bronze swords from different states in Eastern Zhou Dynasty (Blank means not reported). Table S2. The lead isotope ratios of willow-leaf shaped bronze swords from different localities of the Shu State.

Central venous pressure (CVP); Database; Mortality Pressió venosa central (PVC); Base de dades; Mortalitat Presión venosa central (PVC); Base de datos; Mortalidad Background: Sepsis has long been a life-threatening organ dysfunction. Sepsis associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) is an important complication of sepsis, as an important hemodynamic index, the impact of central venous pressure (CVP) on sepsis patients needs to be explored. Thus this study aimed to investigate the relationship between CVP and the mortality of SA-AKI. Methods: Clinical data of adult patients with sepsis-related acute kidney injury, defined as met both the Sepsis 3.0 criteria and the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes Clinical Practice Guideline (KDIGO) criteria, were obtained from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV (MIMIC-IV) database. The included cohort was divided into a high CVP and a low CVP group were determined based on the cuf-off value from receiver operating characteristic curve, with propensity score-matched analysis of the 28-day mortality for both groups and sensitivity analysis using inverse the probability-weighting model, multifactorial regression, and doubly robust estimation, patients acquired chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) and diabetes were also taken into consideration. Results: Of 1,377 patients with sepsis-related acute kidney injury, low CVP group (

Mechanically robust silica xerogel/alumina fiber composites were successfully prepared by a cost-effective ambient pressure drying route. Microstructure investigation shows that the alumina fibers embed into the silica xerogel matrix as reinforcements, which improves the strength of the composites greatly. As the alumina fibers volume increases to 4.0%, the compressive and flexural strength value of the composite is 0.96 MPa and 2.53 MPa, while the thermal conductivity at room temperature slightly changes between 0.051 and 0.059 W/mK. The composite is hydrophobic and keeps water repellent until 300 °C as shown by the TG–DSC result. After being heated at 800 °C for 25 min, the composite remains structurally intact demonstrated good thermal resistant property. The above characteristics indicate that the as prepared composite has great potential application as thermal insulation material in energy-saving area.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Primers used for PCR. Table S2. siRNA and shRNA used in this study. Table S3. Antibodies used for Western blot.

Results: related variables of each subset of patients based on normalized central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) (70 %) and critical peripheral perfusion index (PI) (0.6) at 8 h (T8). (DOCX 20 kb)

Additional file 1: Table S1. General characteristics of all patients. Table S2. Factors associated with 30-day mortality.

Additional file 2: Figure S1. Quantitative analysis of the effect of FER1L4 on cell apoptosis and cell cycle. Figure S2. FER1L4-targeting miR-612 suppressed PTC cell migration and invasion. Figure S3. Quantitative analysis of the effect of FER1L4 and miR-612 on CDH4 expression. Figure S4. Quantitative analysis of the oncogenic effects of CDH4 on PTC cells. Figure S5. GSEA analysis of FER1L4 and CDH4, and correlation analysis between cadherins and FER1L4.

Results: relationship between peripheral perfusion index (PI) and blood gas metabolic variables on repeated measurements during resuscitation. (DOCX 18 kb)

Results: difference between the patients with peripheral perfusion index (PI) ≤0.6 and with PI >0.6 at 8 h (T8) after resuscitation. (DOCX 19 kb)

In order to improve the low efficiency and insufficient accuracy of manual inspections in traditional railway track maintenance, an improved YoloV3 (you only look once V3)algorithm is proposed to detect abnormalities of track fasteners. First, the K-means++ algorithm was used to make some clustering analysis of the data set from the rail fastener, and determine the height-width ratio and the number of prediction boxes. Then, according to the characteristics of the track fastener size, the network multi-scale recognition was improved to solve the problem that YoloV3 can not recognize when the target box size is too small. For the last, the loss function, using GIOU(Generalized Intersection over Union)loss instead of the MSE(the Mean Square Error)loss, prevents abnormal change of the scale. Meanwhile, the imbalance between positive and negative samples is also settled by using Focal Loss instead of the cross entropy loss. The results show that the high rate of data detection with Yolo V3 algorithm can reach a speed of 37 frame/s and the average precision is as high as 93.51 %, which is 10.64% higher than that of original network. The result indicates the accuracy and efficiency of our method.

Hydraulic accidents or abnormal situations, also known as leakages, cause not only water losses, but also service interruptions and other negative effects. In order to facilitate the rapid response of water utilities and reduce water losses caused by undiscovered leakages, a timely detection and isolation method is required. To solve the battle problem in L-town, this study investigates the potential of the combination use of data-driven method and hydraulic modelling and proposes a multistage approach, which comprises three stages: estimation, identification and localization. Firstly, empirical mode decomposition and vector auto regressive are performed to identify the trend in flow time series and the spatial correlation of pressure values at different sensors. The two data-driven estimations of flow and pressure are used to extract leak-induced values from the monitoring data. Secondly, first difference and weekly difference are calculated to reduce the nonstationary of residual series. The duration and size of leakages are identified by analysing residuals though three-sigma SPC method. Meanwhile, the window-size slope variation method is proposed to detect the start time and leak size of incipient leakages. Thirdly, emitters are used to represent and simulate pipe leakages in EPANET2. Localization algorithm, which uses the idea of control variates to find two weeks when the leakage had occurred and not occurred, is employed to represent the impact of the leakage on the pressure of the network by calculating the difference between the pressure data of two weeks. By identifying the gaps between the differences of the observed values and of the simulated values, areas with a high probability of leakage occurring are found. The proposed method is applied to L-town network. Results show that 16 leakages are detected and localized in 2019, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the solution for leak detection and localization in water distribution systems.

Objectives Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) can cause intestinal diseases in livestock and humans, which seriously threatens the healthy development of animal husbandry and human food safety. Here, the characteristics of antimicrobial resistance and molecular typing of ruminant-borne strains of C. perfringens in Xinjiang, China were explored and profiled. Methods A total of 307 clinical feces collected from ruminants (cattle and sheep) with diarrheal symptoms were screened for C. perfringens. The recovered isolates were characterized in respect to their antimicrobial resistance pattern and molecular typing. Results A total of 109 isolates of C. perfringens were isolated from 307 clinical feces of ruminants, most of which displayed the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype. Demonstration of the quinolone-resistance gene was the highest among the isolates (70.6%). The multiplex PCR typing based on toxin genes showed that type A and type D strains made up 82.6% (90/109) and 17.4% (19/109), among which, the isolates carrying β2 gene occupied 43.3% (39/90) of type A strains and 31.6% (6/19) of type D strains. These isolates were divided into 6 genotypes (I-VI) by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence-based PCR (ERIC-PCR) method. A total of 33 ST types (ST1-ST33) were identified by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) method. Conclusion C. perfringens isolates with multidrug resistance (MDR) were frequent and circulating in ruminants. Among them, type A-Ⅰ-ST19 was the dominant genotype of C. perfringens, displaying obvious genetic diversity. This study provided important epidemiological data for the risk assessment of food safety associated with ruminant-borne C. perfringens in Xinjiang, China.

Low temperature soldering has been realized to create a strong metallurgical interconnection between Cu using the self-propagating exothermic reaction by Al–Ni NanoFoil. This technique presents a great potential for electronics integration with a significantly reduced processing temperature (at least 150 °C lower than traditional techniques) and minimal thermal effects to the components. In this study, finite element analysis was performed to predict the temperature profiles across bonding interfaces, which were subsequently correlated with the formation and quality of the bonded structures. It has been revealed that, for nonequilibrium nanosized phases and defects, their formation and distribution were primarily attributed to the solid–liquid interdiffusion and rapid solidification, under the highly transient regime due to a drastic heating/cooling (105–107 °C/s). The preheating and pressure applied to the bonding structure were clearly beneficial to improve the quality of bonding. This was achieved by the thinned solder thickness and the correspondingly improved temperature profiles that enable a sufficient wetting, filling, and interfacial reactions. Through the comparative analysis of the numerical predictions and the experimental results, the solder layers must completely melt across their thickness and have a total heat over 30 K ms on the Cu to ensure robust interconnections with a shear strength of approximately 37 ± 3 MPa and dense continuous bonding interfaces.

Solving eigenvalue problems is crucially important for both classical and quantum applications. Many well-known numerical eigensolvers have been developed, including the QR and the power methods for classical computers, as well as the quantum phase estimation(QPE) method and the variational quantum eigensolver for quantum computers. In this work, we present an alternative type of quantum method that uses fixed-point quantum search to solve Type II eigenvalue problems. It serves as an important complement to the QPE method, which is a Type I eigensolver. We find that the effectiveness of our method depends crucially on the appropriate choice of the initial state to guarantee a sufficiently large overlap with the unknown target eigenstate. We also show that the quantum oracle of our query-based method can be efficiently constructed for efficiently-simulated Hamiltonians, which is crucial for analyzing the total gate complexity. In addition, compared with the QPE method, our query-based method achieves a quadratic speedup in solving Type II problems.

Coherence time is an important resource to generate enhancement in quantum metrology. In this work, based on continuous-variable models, we propose a new design of the signal-probe Hamiltonian which generates an exponential enhancement of measurement sensitivity. The key idea is to include into the system an ancilla that does not couple directly to the signal. An immediate benefit of such design is one can expand quantum Fisher information(QFI) into a power series in time, making it possible to achieve a higher-order time scaling in QFI. Specifically, one can design the interaction for a qubit-oscillator Ramsey interferometer to achieve a quartic time scaling, based on which, one can further design a chain of coupled harmonic oscillators to achieve an exponential time scaling in QFI. Our results show that linear scaling in both time and the number of coupling terms is sufficient to obtain exponential enhancement. Such exponential advantage is closely related to the characteristic commutation relations of quadratures., Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, missing supplementary materials added

We proposed a new approach to improve the thermal stability of sintered Ag joints on bare Cu substrates. In the sintering process, Ag-Sn intermetallic compounds (IMCs) formed at the edges of sintered joints that could inhibit the penetration of oxygen and the microstructural coarsening behaviour of sintered Ag. Cu-Sn and Ag-Sn IMCs formed at the bottom of the joints simultaneously. This IMC barrier hindered the diffusion of Cu atoms towards the sintered Ag layer and the formation of Cu oxides effectively. A high-temperature (300 ℃) storage test in air demonstrated that the shear strength of this kind of joint maintained above 60 MPa for 1000 h.

Nanoporous alumina superinsulator (NanoASI) with ultra-low thermal conductivity and excellent thermal stability has been prepared by a low-cost and simple dry pressing method. The thermal conductivity of the NanoASI is as low as 0.11 W/m K at 1200 °C and the linear shrinkage is less than 2% after heating at 1200 °C for 1 h. These values are superior to that of previous reported nanoporous insulation materials. Thermal conductivities of this material in the temperature range of 25–1200 °C and pressure range of 10–10 5 Pa were firstly measured by the transient hot-plane method. The mechanism that improves the heat resistance of the NanoASI is discussed and found that the stabilization of the alumina nanoparticles contributes significantly to the thermal stability of the NanoASI.

In this manuscript, a new colorimetric and fluorescent chemosensor (T) was designed and synthesized, it could successively detect Cu2+ and H2PO4- in DMSO/H2O (v/v=9:1, pH=7.2) buffer solution with high selectivity and sensitivity. When added Cu2+ ions into the solution of T, it showed a color changes from yellow to colorless, meanwhile, the green fluorescence of sensor T quenched. This recognition behavior was not affected in the presence of other cations, including Hg2+, Ag+, Ca2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Cr3+, and Mg2+ ions. More interestingly, the Cu2+ ions contain sensor T solution could recover the color and fluorescence upon the addition of H2PO4- anions in the same medium. And other surveyed anions (including F-, Cl-, Br-, I-, AcO-, HSO4-, ClO4-, CN- and SCN-) had nearly no influence on the recognition behavior. The detection limits of T to Cu2+ and T-Cu2+ to H2PO4- were evaluated to be 1.609×10-8M and 0.994×10-7M, respectively. In addition, the sensor T also could be served as a recyclable component and the logic gate output was also defined in sensing materials. The test strips based on sensor T were fabricated, which acted as a convenient and efficient Cu2+ and H2PO4- test kits.

We propose a magnetometer for the precise measurement of AC magnetic fields that uses a Terbium-doped optical fiber with half-waveplates built into it at specified distances. Our scheme uses an open-loop quantum control technique called dynamical decoupling to reduce the noise floor and thus increase the sensitivity. We show that dynamical decoupling is extremely effective in preserving the photon state evolution due to the external AC magnetic field from random birefringence in the fiber, even when accounting for errors in pulse timing. Hence we achieve high sensitivity. For a given inter-waveplate distance, the minimum detectable field is inversely proportional to fiber length, as is the bandwidth of detectable frequencies., Comment: 6 pages and 6 figures

In this paper, a novel feature map method for human activity recognition is proposed, which is used to process the adopted raw motion sensing data. Firstly, the feature of the raw data is described by using a novel feature map. Secondly, we use the Sift algorithm to extract the features in the feature map, and the word bag method is utilized to describe these features. Finally, the support vector machine is adopted for classification. The experimental results show that the recognition accuracy of the method is 94.3%, which demonstrates that the novel feature map method is effective.

The objective is to explore the value of end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) in replacing cardiac index for evaluating fluid responsiveness during the passive leg raising (PLR) test and mini-fluid challenge (mini-FC).Patients experiencing septic shock and who were on mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit were divided into responder and nonresponder groups according to whether their cardiac index increased by more than 10% after the FC. Before and after those tests, the changes in ETCO2, central venous pressure, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, and cardiac output were recorded.Of the 48 patients in the study, 34 had fluid responsiveness according to the changes in cardiac output or stroke volume. The ΔCI and ΔETCO2 in the responder group were larger than the changes in the nonresponder group during the PLR test (1.1 ± 0.7 vs 0.2 ± 0.4 L/min per square meter, 3.0 ± 3.0 vs 0.5 ± 2.5 mm Hg; P.05) but not during mini-FC. ΔETCO2 greater than or equal to 5% during the PLR test predicted fluid responsiveness with 93.4% specificity and 75.8% sensitivity in a receiver operating characteristic curve. The area under the curve was 0.849 (95% confidence interval, 0.739-0.930). ΔETCO2 greater than or equal to 3% during the mini-FC predicted fluid responsiveness with 93.4% specificity and 33.3% sensitivity in a receiver operating characteristic curve, and the area under the curve was 0.781 (95% confidence interval, 0.646-0.915).The changes in ETCO2 may predict fluid responsiveness during the PLR test in patients with septic shock, but similar results were not found with the mini-FC.

Based on the design principle of minimizing the automotive exhaust emissions and the total impedance of the road network, an urban road traffic signal control method of bi-level multi-objective programming model is established by designing the heuristic particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. First of all, the upper-level model which combined the vehicle emissions model and system optimum assignment model is built, and the lower-level model is built based on minimizing the sum of the link travel time function integral. Then, the heuristic PSO algorithm is designed and transformed to solve upper-level and lower-levels model iteratively by two PSO algorithms. Ultimately, by altering the weight parameters of the upper model, the model is dealt with separately in case of single target and multi-target, the optimization results of which is compared with the VISSIM simulation results and the optimization results by means of heuristic genetic algorithm. The simulation results show that bi-level multi-objective control method, which could improve the operating quality of road network, is of great optimization ability and can effectively reduce the automotive exhaust emissions and the total impedance of the road network.

In the multi-bus islanded microgrids, the power quality requirements for different areas and buses can be different. This paper proposes a hierarchical control to realize optimal unbalance compensation for satisfying the power quality requirements in different areas. Primary and secondary controllers are applied to realize unbalance compensation for the critical bus(CB). In the secondary control, the voltage amplitude and frequency deviations of system are restored to realize voltage unbalance control and share the power equally. Tertiary control, using the artificial bee colony(ABC) optimization method to adjust the compensating effort of each DG considering the voltage unbalance limits in local buses and DG terminals. This method realizes accurate voltage unbalance control, and at the same time, to make distributed generators (DGs) equally share the compensation efforts. Finally, the simulation and experiment results demonstrate the validity and feasibility of the proposed method.

In order to solve the problem of the large-scale complex surface composite testing, a multi-degree-of-freedoms flexible air-coupled ultrasonic testing system is designed by using the mature robot technology and air-coupled technology. Experimental results show that the system can not only meet the requirements of air-coupled detection, but also can use other non-destructive testing techniques such as water-coupled or water-jet-coupling ultrasonic inspection technology to form a variety of reflection and transmission detection systems, which greatly improves the efficiency of inspection and reduces the detection cost.

Based on the problem of modal frequencies variation of bolted joint plate caused by the variation of bolt preloads, the purpose of this article is to propose a method of finding the best preload of bolted joint plate. Firstly, a modal analysis experimental system of bolted joint plates was set up. Subsequently, the modal frequency test of some bolted joint plates are completed. A method for designing the best preload of bolted joint plate was proposed in the end. Results indicate that the bolt preload has certain influence on modal frequency of bolted joint plate. The process of applying a preload to the bolt is regarded as the tightening of a bolt from loosen state to tighten state. As two loosen bolts are simultaneously tightened into tighten bolts, the modal frequencies is increased with a big magnitude. However, as one of loosen bolt is tightened to tighten bolt, but the other is unchanged, the modal frequencies is increased with a small magnitude. The sensitivity of first four modal frequencies of the jointed plate are different to the bolt preload. Therefore, working environment and working force of jointed plate must be considered in the dynamic design. Based on the experimental result, a best bolt preload design method of bolted joint plate in the dynamic design can be proposed.

We present a scheme for generating robust and persistent entanglement between qubits that do not interact and that are separated by a long and lossy transmission channel, using Markovian reservoir engineering. The proposal uses only the correlated decay into the common channel of remotely separated, driven single-photon qubit transitions. This simple scheme is generic and applicable to various experimental implementations, including circuit and cavity QED, with little experimental overhead compared with methods requiring dynamic control, initialization, measurement, or feedback. In addition to avoiding these inefficiencies, the simple protocol is highly robust against noise, miscalibration, and loss in the channel. We find high-quality solutions over a wide range of parameters and show that the optimal strategy reflects a transition from ballistic to diffusive photon transmission, going from symmetrically and coherently driving a common steady state to asymmetrically absorbing photons that are emitted from one qubit by the second. Detailed analysis of the role of the transmission channel shows that allowing bidirectional decay drastically increases indistinguishability and thereby quadratically suppresses infidelity.

For the space exploration program, it is very important to launch a satellite into a satisfactory halo orbit with the required minimum cost. This paper presents three kinds of Poincare sections based on the invariant manifold theory, and chooses the optimal one to design the transfer orbit of Halo orbit from earth to L1 point, and analyzes the effect of parameters. The simulation results show that the lower cost transfer orbit can be designed by choosing proper Poincare sections.

TiO 2 nanorods coatings (TONC) were prepared on the surface of Mullite fibers by seed-hydrothermal method, which were designed as infrared opacifier. The influences of different tetrabutyl-titanate amount on the TONC morphologies, crystalline and optical properties were investigated. Effective specific extinction (e*) was used to characterize their masking ability. The TONC morphologies could be adjusted from nanoparticles to nanorods, which had direct influence on their optical properties. In the 3 μm–6 μm range of infrared light, e* of TONC could be improved up to 2–4 folds compared with that of Mullite fibers. Present study indicated TONC is a promising infrared opacifier.

This communication focuses on a fundamental problem related to the recently introduced Reference-Dependent Regret Model (RDRM) [Kujawski, 2005] for deterministic multi-criteria decision making. In [Kujawski, 2005] it was asserted that the RDRM model satisfies three properties. The first of these properties, referred to as the “independence of dominated alternatives”, seems to be an intuitive one. According to this property, the RDRM model preserves the ranking of two alternatives Ai and Aj with ranking Ai Afj when a new alternative dominated by Ai is introduced or an old alternative dominated by Aj is dropped. In this communication it is demonstrated algebraically and also by means of a numerical example that the RDRM model may fail to satisfy this property. The implication is that when the concepts of regret and/or rejoicing are considered and defined in terms of all the available alternatives in accordance with the RDRM, adding or dropping a dominated alternative can change the ranking of the alternatives and violate the independence of dominated alternatives property.

Most methods of optimal control cannot obtain accurate time-optimal protocols. The quantum brachistochrone equation is an exception, and has the potential to provide accurate time-optimal protocols for essentially any quantum control problem. So far this potential has not been realized, however, due to the inadequacy of conventional numerical methods to solve it. Here, using differential geometry, we reformulate the quantum brachistochrone curves as geodesics on the unitary group. With this identification we are able to obtain a numerical method that efficiently solves the brachistochrone problem. We apply it to two examples demonstrating its power., Comment: 5 pages, 8 pages of supplemental material, 1 figure, 3 tables

Science and technology are developing with each passing day, and the advent of the age of knowledge economics is calling more and more females onto the stage of history and giving play to their potential abilities. Various types of girls' academies have sprung up in response to the times, and education for females is increasing. Thus the education of adolescent young girls, who are at a critical stage of their growth in which education may determine their future destiny—is increasingly drawing the attention of insightful persons. In this article, I intend to discuss tentatively the necessity of conducting psychological education for adolescent young girls from two aspects: the psychological characteristics of girls in the Guangzhou area, and the institution and results of psychological education for junior middle school students at our school.

Symmetry is a fundamentally important concept in many branches of physics. In this work, we discuss two types of symmetries, external symmetry and internal symmetry, which appear frequently in controlled quantum spin chains and apply them to study various controllability problems. For spin chains under single local end control when external symmetries exists, we can rigorously prove that the system is controllable in each of the invariant subspaces for both XXZ and XYZ chains, but not for XX or Ising chains. Such results have direct applications in controlling antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chains when the dynamics is naturally confined in the largest excitation subspace. We also address the theoretically important question of minimal control resources to achieve full controllability over the entire spin chain space. In the process we establish a systematic way of evaluating the dynamical Lie algebras and using known symmetries to help identify the dynamical Lie algebra., Comment: 13 pages, 2 figures

For the particular application in infrared camera based electronic whiteboard, a simple and rapid method of target recognition is proposed to address the conflict between accuracy and speed of identification, which is based on the pixels' sparse characteristic in gray scale distribution and space distribution. An experimental platform is built to verify the method. The method is proved to be capable of achieving a high processing speed of 70 fps under the premise of accurate identification in the worst condition and be insensitive of change of lighting condition.

We consider the relation of symmetries and subspace controllability for spin networks with XXZ coupling subject to control of a single node by a local potential (Z-control). Such networks decompose into excitation subspaces. Focusing on the single excitation subspace it is shown that for single-node Z-controls external symmetries are characterized by eigenstates of the system Hamiltonian that have zero overlap with the control node, and there are no internal symmetries. It is further shown that there are symmetries that persist even in the presence of random perturbations. For uniformly coupled XXZ chains a characterization of all possible symmetries is given, which shows a strong dependence on the position of the node we control. Finally, it is shown rigorously for uniform Heisenberg and XX chains subject to single-node Z-control that the lack of symmetry is not only necessary but sufficient for subspace controllability. The latter approach is then generalized to establish controllability results for simple branched networks., 11 pages, some figures. 3 tables, minor revision

We discuss how to prepare an Ising chain in a GHZ state using a single global control field only. This model does not require the spins to be individually addressable and is applicable to quantum systems such as cold atoms in optical lattices, some liquid- or solid-state NMR experiments, and many nano-scale quantum structures. We show that GHZ states can always be reached asymptotically from certain easy-to-prepare initial states using adiabatic passage, and under certain conditions finite-time reachability can be ensured. To provide a reference useful for future experimental implementations three different control strategies to achieve the objective, adiabatic passage, Lyapunov control and optimal control are compared, and their advantages and disadvantages discussed, in particular in the presence of realistic imperfections such as imperfect initial state preparation, system inhomogeneity and dephasing., Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures

A simple scheme is presented for achieving effectively maximal pure-state entanglement between non-interacting atoms through purely collective decay and controlled symmetry breaking. The scheme requires no measurements or feedback or even knowledge of the initial states of the atoms. It relies on breaking the symmetry of the system Hamiltonian to ensure the existence of a unique attractive steady state and minimal control to achieve almost perfect overlap of this steady state with the maximally entangled singlet state. We demonstrate how our scheme can be implemented for two qubits encoded in hyperfine levels of atoms such as Rubidium in a lossy microwave cavity using only small magnetic field gradient. Error analysis suggests considerable robustness with regard to many imperfections including atomic decay, asymmetric atom-cavity coupling and frequency offsets., Comment: just over 4 pages, 6 figures, revtex4