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Based on the authors’ 1986 to 1994 sporo-pollen assemblage analysis in the southern Yellow Sea area, data from 3 main cores were studied in combination with14C, palaeomagnetic and thermoluminescence data. The evolution of the paleoclimate environments in the southern Yellow Sea since 15ka B. P. was revealed that, in deglaciation of the last glacial period, the climate of late glaciation transformed into that of postglaciation, accompanied by a series of violent climate fluctuations. These evolution events happened in a global climate background and related to the geographic changes in eastern China. We distinguished three short-term cooling events and two warming events. Among them, the sporo-pollen assemblage of subzone A1 showed some cold climate features indicating that a cooling event occurred at about 15-14ka. B. P. in early deglaciation. This subzone corresponds to the Oldest Dryas. In subzone A3, many drought-enduring herbal pollens and some few pollens of cold-resistantPicea, Abies, etc. were found, which indicated that a cooling event, with cold and arid climate, occurred at about 12-11ka. B. P. in late deglaciation. This subzone corresponds to the Younger Dryas. The sporo-pollen assemblage of zone B showed warm and arid climate features in postglaciation. Although the assemblage of subzone B2 indicated a cold and arid climate environment, the development of flora in subzone B2 climate was less cold than that in A3. Subzone B2 indicated a cooling event which occurred at about 9ka B. P. in early olocene. Subzone A2, with some distinct differences from subzone A1 and A3, indicated a warming event which occurred at 14-13ka. B.P. and should correspond to a warming fluctuation. The sporo-pollen assemblage of zone C showed features of warn-moist flora and climate, and indicated a warming event which universally occurred along the coast of eastern China at 8-3 ka B. P. in middle Holocene, and its duration was longer than that of any climate events mentioned above. This period was climatic optimum and belonged to an altithermal period in postglaciation.

The southern coast of Laizhou Bay, Bohai Sea, is one of the areas in China most seriously impacted by seawater intrusion. Based on the sources of intruding waterbodies, seawater intrusion can be divided into two types: intrusion of saline water derived from modern seawater, and intrusion of subsurface brine and saline water derived from paleo-seawater in shallow Quaternary sediments. There are some distinct differences in their formation, mechanism and damage. The subsurface brine intrusion is a special type, which can cause very serious disaster.

The traditional photovoltaic (PV) silicon industry stemmed from monocrystalline silicon, however, along with the great development, polycrystalline silicon and amorphous silicon have become the center of technological innovation. Through case study in this industry, our results suggest that those listed PV silicon companies with polycrystalline silicon and/or amorphous silicon as products gain higher valuation in the market than…. That further analysis manifests that this valuation is in line with the rational cost-benefit balance principle. This paper shows that (1) the traditional path of innovation follows the path of driving force innovation, and in line with the principles of innovation orbital theory, while modern innovation path follows the market rational, and makes its choices according to the balance of costs and benefits; (2) The impact of the expectation of technical innovation on the valuation is exist likely; (3) In the traditional path of technological innovation, government and individuals are the leading forces, while in the modern innovation path, companies are more likely to be the leading force through profit seeking mechanism.

Remote sensing retrieval of total suspended sediment was carried out in the tidal sand ridges off the coast of Jiangsu province by the utility of the total suspended matter (TSM) samples, remote sensing reflectance data investigated in 2003 and satellite NOAA/AVHRR data. The results show that: a robust linear relationship is established between TSM concentration and in situ remote sensing reflectance (R2=0.9537, n=39) and then TSM concentration is retrieved from the satellite images with better precision; the nearshore area have higher TSM concentration than offshore; TSM concentration has higher value in spring than in autumn and bigger horizontal diffuse range occurs in spring.