1. A randomised trial comparing low-fat diets differing in carbohydrate and protein ratio, combined with regular moderate intensity exercise, on glycaemic control, cardiometabolic risk factors, food cravings, cognitive function and psychological wellbeing in adults with type 2 diabetes: Study protocol
- Author
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Peter R. C. Howe, Nerylee Watson, Kathryn A. Dyer, Karen J. Murphy, Jonathan D. Buckley, Gaynor Parfitt, Grant D. Brinkworth, Manny Noakes, L. Dye, H.K. Chadwick, Alison M. Coates, Watson, Nerylee Ann, Dyer, Kathryn Ann, Buckley, Jonathan David, Brinkworth, Grant David, Coates, Alison Mary, Parfitt, Gaynor, Howe, Peter Renald Charles, Noakes, Manny, Dye, Louise, Chadwick, Helen, and Murphy, Karen Joy
- Subjects
Cardiometabolic ,Blood Glucose ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cognitive ,Health Status ,Blood lipids ,Type 2 diabetes ,Overweight ,Cognition ,Risk Factors ,Weight loss ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,Protocol ,Dietary Carbohydrates ,medicine ,Humans ,Body Weights and Measures ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Obesity ,Diet, Fat-Restricted ,Exercise ,Craving ,Glycemic ,Glycated Hemoglobin ,business.industry ,Diabetes ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Lipids ,Weight Reduction Programs ,C-Reactive Protein ,Mental Health ,Endocrinology ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Research Design ,Quality of Life ,Psychological ,Dietary Proteins ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Body mass index - Abstract
Background: Hypocaloric low-fat diets, high in protein with moderate carbohydrate (HP) can enhance weight loss, improve glycaemic control and improve cardiometabolic health risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, it is unclear whether the metabolic benefits observed during weight loss are sustained during energy-balance and weight maintenance. Furthermore, there is a lack of evidence regarding the effect of HP diets on food cravings, cognitive function and psychological wellbeing in T2DM, despite carbohydrate food cravings, cognitive impairment and depression being associated with hyperglycaemia. Methods/design: Overweight/obese adults with T2DM were randomised to consume either a HP diet (n. = 32, ~. 32% protein, 33% carbohydrate, 30% fat) or a higher-carbohydrate diet (HC, n. = 29, ~. 22% protein, 51% carbohydrate, 22% fat) for 24 weeks with 30 min of moderate intensity exercise five days/week for the study duration. There were 2 phases: a 12 week weight loss phase followed by a 12 week weight maintenance phase. Primary outcome was glycaemic control (glycosylated haemoglobin; HbA1c). Secondary outcomes were cardiometabolic risk factors (body composition, fasting blood pressure, blood lipids, glucose, insulin and C-reactive protein), food cravings, cognitive function (memory; psychomotor and executive function and psychological well-being. Outcomes were measured at baseline and the end of each 12-week intervention phase. Data will be analysed as intention-to-treat using linear mixed effects models. Conclusion: This study will examine the effects of two dietary interventions on health outcomes in T2DM during weight loss and notably following weight maintenance where there is a paucity of evidence. Refereed/Peer-reviewed
- Published
- 2015
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