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This paper studies the high efficiency and stability of the continuous application of the wind wire feeding system. Combined with the technological transformation of the cigarette factory's roll production process characteristics and equipment layout adjustment, this paper optimizes the wind wire feeding operation mode, improves the upgrading space of the system, integrates the system structure, meets the process requirements of medium cigarette production, and solves the problem of large wind speed fluctuation in the process of cut tobacco air feeding The wind speed control is not accurate, so as to save energy consumption and ensure the reliable operation of the wind wire feeding system. The wind wire feeding system is mainly used for the continuous and uniform transportation of tobacco materials such as sheet tobacco and cut tobacco, and has the function of buffer and adjustment between various processes, realizing the automatic transportation of cut tobacco from the silk workshop to the cigarette machine, which has good popularization value.

For the first time it is reported that members of the nsLTP protein family could promote viral infection by inhibiting virus-induced RNA silencing. Non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are a class of soluble proteins with low relative molecular weight and widely present in higher plants. The role of nsLTPs in biotic and abiotic stresses has been studied, but no report has shown that nsLTPs play a role in the process of viral infection. We report the function and mechanism of the classical nsLTP protein StLTP6 in viral infection. We found that StLTP6 expression was remarkably upregulated in potato infected with potato virus Y and potato virus S. The infection efficiency and virus content of StLTP6-overexpressed potato and Nicotiana benthamiana were remarkable increased. Further study found that the overexpression of StLTP6 inhibited the expression of multiple genes in the RNA silencing pathway, thereby inhibiting virus-induced RNA silencing. This result indicated that StLTP6 expression was induced during viral infection to inhibit the resistance of virus-induced RNA silencing and promote viral infection. In summary, we reported the role of StLTP6 in viral infection, broadening the biological function range of the nsLTP family and providing valuable information for the study of viral infection mechanism.

Background: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) produced by the plant genome are essential regulators in diverse biological processes. Despite increasing knowledge of lncRNAs in plant development, little is known about responding to plant disease, especially in rice. Results: In this study, we investigated a comprehensive disease-responding lncRNA profiles in rice defence against Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) and Rice stripe virus (RSV) for the first time. Analysis of RNA sequencing of rice leaves infected with the two pathogens identified total 1,925 lncRNAs, in which 724 lncRNA were derived from alternative splicing (AS) events and the largest number of lncRNAs produced by intron retention (IR) of AS events. We calculated the regulatory relationship between transcription factors, lncRNAs, and mRNAs by constructing gene regulatory network and found that a lncRNA, OS_LNC1812 regulated by Os01t0730700-01 encoding transcription factor WRKY14 may target abscisic acid (ABA) responsive element binding factor ABF (Os01t0867300-01) involved in ABA signaling pathway during pathogens infection. We subsequently found that highly expression of OS_LNC1812, WRKY14, and ABF after ABA treatment. Conclusions: Our results reveal the common lncRNAs profiles respond to RBSDV and RSV in rice and provide novel potential modulation of lncRNAs in ABA pathway in the regulation of plant disease resistance.

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a crucial regulatory mechanism in the plant response to biotic and abiotic stress. However, their roles in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) resistance to Phytophthora infestans (P. infestans) largely remain unknown. In this study, we identify 2857 lncRNAs and 33,150 mRNAs of the potato from large-scale published RNA sequencing data. Characteristic analysis indicates a similar distribution pattern of lncRNAs and mRNAs on the potato chromosomes, and the mRNAs were longer and had more exons than lncRNAs. Identification of alternative splicing (AS) shows that there were a total of 2491 lncRNAs generated from AS and the highest frequency (46.49%) of alternative acceptors (AA). We performed R package TCseq to cluster 133 specific differentially expressed lncRNAs from resistance lines and found that the lncRNAs of cluster 2 were upregulated. The lncRNA targets were subject to KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, and the interactive network between lncRNAs and mRNAs was constructed by using GENIE3, a random forest machine learning algorithm. Transient overexpression of StLNC0004 in Nicotiana benthamiana significantly suppresses P. infestans growth compared with a control, and the expression of extensin (NbEXT), the ortholog of the StLNC0004 target gene, was significantly upregulated in the overexpression line. Together, these results suggest that lncRNAs play potential functional roles in the potato response to P. infestans infection.

Specific and common genes including transcription factors, resistance genes and pathways were significantly induced in potato by Phytophthora infestans, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Potato virus Y infection. The three major pathogens, namely, Phytophthora infestans, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Potato virus Y, can cause late blight, bacterial wilt, and necrotic ringspot, respectively, and thus severely reduce the yield and quality of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). This study was the first to systematically analyze the relationship between transcriptome alterations in potato infected by these pathogens at the early stages. A total of 75,500 unigenes were identified, and 44,008 were annotated into 5 databases, namely, non-redundant (NR), Swiss-Prot protein, clusters of orthologous groups for eukaryotic complete genomes (KOG), Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. A total of 6945 resistance genes and 11,878 transcription factors (TFs) were identified from all transcriptome data. Differential expression analysis revealed that 13,032 (9490 specifics), 9877 (6423 specifics), and 6661 (4144 specifics) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were generated from comparisons of the P. infestans/control (Pi vs. Pi-CK), R. solanacearum/control (Rs vs. Rs-CK), and PVY/control (PVY vs. PVY-CK) treatments, respectively. The specific DEGs from the 3 comparisons were assigned to 13 common pathways, such as biosynthesis of amino acids, plant hormone signal transduction, carbon metabolism, and starch and sucrose metabolism. Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) identified many hub unigenes, of which several unigenes were reported to regulate plant immune responses, such as FLAGELLIN-SENSITIVE 2 and chitinases. The present study provide crucial systems-level insights into the relationship between transcriptome changes in potato infected with the three pathogens. Moreover, this study presents a theoretical basis for breeding broad-spectrum and specific pathogen-resistant cultivars.

Nonspecific lipidtransfer proteins (nsLTPs), which are small, cysteine‐rich proteins, belong to the pathogenesis‐related protein family, and several of them act as positive regulators during plant disease resistance. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of these proteins in plant immune responses are unclear. In this study, a typical nsLTP gene, StLTP10, was identified and functionally analysed in potato. StLTP10 expression was significantly induced by Phytophthora infestans, which causes late blight in potato, and defence‐related phytohormones, including abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid. Characterization of StLTP10‐overexpressing and knockdown lines indicated that StLTP10 positively regulates plant resistance to P. infestans. This resistance was coupled with enhanced expression of reactive oxygen species scavenging‐ and defence‐related genes. Furthermore, we identified that StLTP10 physically interacts with ABA receptor PYL4 and affects its subcellular localization. These two proteins work together to regulate stomatal closure during pathogen infection. Interestingly, we also found that wound‐induced protein kinase interacts with StLTP10 and positively regulates its protein abundance. Taken together, our results provide insight into the role of StLTP10 in resistance to P. infestans and suggest candidates to enhance broad‐spectrum resistance to pathogens in potato., Potato plants overexpressing StLTP10 display increased resistance to Phytophthora infestans through regulating abscisic acid‐mediated stomatal closure, reducing reactive oxygen species accumulation, and enhancing expression of salicylic acid‐responsive genes.

The traditional cigarette conveying system of cigarette industry adopts a one-to-one hard connection method, which has problems such as poor spatial scalability and high equipment coupling. A spatial layout method for carton conveying system based on the SOSG (Solid Orthogonal Structure Graph) matrix is proposed. Through this method, a matrix cigarette conveying system is constructed. Compared with the traditional mode, its space utilization rate is increased by 67%, equipment coupling is reduced, and the downtime rate of carton conveying line due to the shutdown of sealing machine can be reduced from 100% to 0%.

The three-dimensional elevated warehouse is a production equipment, and it is inevitable that it will malfunction during the operation. If it is not handled properly, there will be inconsistencies between information and practice, resulting in inconsistency between inventory information and the actual product. In order to solve the above problems, this project team carried out functional research on various SQL tables of multi-dimensional data collaboration, and constructed a virtual inventory method based on Markov multi-dimensional data collaboration. The behavioral characteristics of the cargo location information in the cargo location table TWMS_LOC and the pallet status table TWMS_PLT are extracted, and the two are compared. If the deviation between the two exceeds the threshold, the status is judged to be no cargo information. Experiments are conducted to test the feasibility and effectiveness of the sentences of the proposed virtual inventory. The results show that the inventory method can better describe the status of the cargo location and information, and effectively realize the virtual inventory at the database level. The research results of this method will completely replace the complicated manual inventory business. It can provide accurate and efficient virtual inventory solutions for similar logistics elevated warehouses.

In this study, the authors present an improved min-sum (MS) algorithm based on density evolution (DE) called the DE MS algorithm for low-density parity check codes. First, they use DE theory to calculate the probability density function of the check-to-variable message of the belief propagation (BP) algorithm and the MS/normalised MS (NMS) algorithm and furthermore to calculate the normalised factor α . Then, α is modified further by using the weighted average. Finally, in order to ensure the decoding performance and reduce the hardware complexity, the same α is used for different signal-to-noise ratios. The simulation results show that a gain of about 0.2 dB can be achieved in comparison with the classical NMS algorithm. In addition, this algorithm can obtain the same decoding performance compared with the Linear Minimum Mean Square Error (LMMSE) MS algorithm whose decoding performance is very close to that of the BP algorithm, and it also saves around 24.57% of logic elements and 34.33% of memory bits compared with the LMMSE MS algorithm at the same time.

Phytophthora infestans causes the severe late blight disease of potato. During its infection process, P. infestans delivers hundreds of RXLR (Arg-x-Leu-Arg, x behalf of any one amino acid) effectors to manipulate processes in its hosts, creating a suitable environment for invasion and proliferation. Several effectors interact with host proteins to suppress host immunity and inhibit plant growth. However, little is known about how P. infestans regulates the host transcriptome. Here, we identified an RXLR effector, PITG_15718.2, which is upregulated and maintains a high expression level throughout the infection. Stable transgenic potato (Solanum tuberosum) lines expressing PITG_15718.2 show enhanced leaf colonization by P. infestans and reduced vegetative growth. We further investigated the transcriptional changes between three PITG_15718.2 transgenic lines and the wild type Désirée by using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Compared with Désirée, 190 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 158 upregulated genes and 32 downregulated genes in PITG_15718.2 transgenic lines. Eight upregulated and nine downregulated DEGs were validated by real-time RT-PCR, which showed a high correlation with the expression level identified by RNA-Seq. These DEGs will help to explore the mechanism of PITG_15718.2-mediated immunity and growth inhibition in the future.

In plants, viral replication can be inhibited through gene silencing, which is mediated by short interfering RNA (siRNA) or microRNA (miRNA). However, under natural conditions, viruses are extremely susceptible to mutations that may decrease the efficiency of cleavage of these small RNAs (sRNAs). Therefore, a single sRNA may not provide a sufficient degree of viral resistance to transgenic plants. Potato virus Y necrotic strain (PVYN) and Potato virus Y common strain (PVYO) are the two major PVY strains that cause systemic necrosis and mottling, respectively, in tobacco. In this study, we designed specific siRNAs and miRNAs to target two regions of the PVYO replicase gene (NIb). Eight plant expression vectors containing one or two sRNAs were constructed. Luciferase activity assays showed that the designed sRNAs successfully cleaved the NIb gene of PVYO and PVYN, and the vector carrying a combined siRNA- and miRNA-based short hairpin RNA (shRNA) demonstrated the strongest inhibitory effect. These effects were confirmed through the acquisition of PVYO and PVYN resistance in transgenic sRNA-expressing Nicotiana tabacum plants. This phenomenon could be related to a plant defense mechanism in which siRNA and miRNA pathways are complementary and interact to achieve gene silencing. Furthermore, there is a tendency for the homologous small RNA sequences (PVYO) to be more effective in conferring resistance than those with imperfect homology (PVYN). Overall, these findings confirm that the use of a combined siRNA- and miRNA-based shRNAs is a promising approach for introducing viral resistance to plants through genetic engineering.

In the process of communication of residual cigarette recycle system, due to the residual cigarette recycling bin WIFI switch with the signal strength, signal quality, distance of WIFI and other reasons. In order to keep the residual cigarette recycling bin in a non-inductive switching state, WIFI needs to adopt seamless Switching technology [1]. In which cognitive radio automatic networking (CRAN) is one of the core technologies, in order to suppress cognitive users from interfering with authorized users, it is necessary to reduce WIFI switching times as much as possible. Advance a cognitive wireless dynamic WIFI switching method based on detection of the WIFI chanel idle time (PWCIT). The theory is based on a known-state sequence hidden Markov [2] model (KSS-HMM). The selection method of the alternative WIFI is given, and the optimal channel is selected for data transmission by comparing the date transmission throughput of each candidate WIFI. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional channel selection method and the random channel [3] selection, the method can significantly reduce the number of WIFI handovers and improve the throughput of cognitive [4] users.

This research focuses on the initiative to integrate team task and job engagement as related to the transfer of tacit knowledge. The aim of this study is to investigate if team task and job involvement enhances the overall work efficiency through transfer of tacit knowledge between e-business virtual teams. We develop a model that is based on the relationship between tacit degree of knowledge, job engagement, team tasks, and their effect on knowledge transfer. The conceptual model is validated with the data collected from a survey. The results indicate that the tacit knowledge does not have a positive effect on team tasks and job engagement, and the team tasks and job engagement have a significant positive effect on knowledge transfer. In addition, the study found that team tasks and job engagement have mediating effects in the process of tacit knowledge transfer. Also, we discuss the theoretical and practical implications and contributions of this study.