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An exosome-loaded thermosensitive hydroxypropyl chitin hydrogel strengthened by chitin whiskers is fabricated, which shows potential as an alternative to traditional root canal therapy in dental clinics.

Objectives This paper aimed to evaluate the influence of resveratrol-doped adhesive on the durability and antibiofilm capability of dentin bonding. Methods Experimental adhesives were prepared by incorporating resveratrol into a universal adhesive at concentrations of 0 (control), 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/mL. The microtensile bond strength, fracture modes, and adhesive–dentin interface nanoleakage were assessed after 24 h of water storage, 10,000 times of thermocycling or 1-month of collagenase ageing. Relevant antibiofilm capability on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), in situ zymography, degree of conversion, and cytotoxicity of resveratrol-doped adhesives were also determined. Results Irrespective of thermocycled or collagenase ageing, the resveratrol-doped adhesive (1 mg/mL) maintained the bond strength and reduced the nanoleakage expression. Meanwhile, the inhibitory ability on endogenous protease activity and S. mutans biofilm formation with acceptable biocompatibility were obtained. Conclusions This study suggested that the resveratrol-doped adhesive achieved effective improvement on dentin bond durability and secondary caries management. Clinical significance The application of the resveratrol-doped adhesive indicates promising benefits to increase the lifetime of composite restorations.

Objectives This work aims to explore the feasibility of chlorhexidine-encapsulated mesoporous silica (CHX@pMSN) as a modifier of a commercial dental adhesive via the evaluation of physicochemical properties and antibacterial capabilities of adhesive–dentin interface. Methods Therapeutic adhesives were developed in the present study by incorporating CHX@pMSN into a commercial adhesive at four mass fractions (0, 1, 5 and 10 wt.%). The antibacterial capability on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilm, conversion degree, adhesive morphology, microtensile bond strength (MTBS) and nanoleakage expression were evaluated comprehensively. Results MTT and CLSM evaluation showed that CHX@pMSN-doped adhesive inhibits S. mutans biofilm growth, while CHX is released from the modified adhesive continuously. The incorporation of CHX@pMSN did not affect immediate bond strength at the concentration of 1% and 5% (P > 0.05). Moreover, these bonds were mainly preserved in 5% CHX@pMSN group after one month of collagenase ageing. Meanwhile, CHX@pMSN-doped adhesive groups exhibited similar nanoleakage distribution compared with the control. Conclusion This study showed that the 5% CHX@pMSN-modified adhesive achieved balance amongst unaffected immediate bonding strength, well-preserved bonds against collagenase ageing and effective inhibition of S. mutans biofilm growth. Clinical significance CHX@pMSN-modified dentin adhesive can potentially extend the service life of adhesive restoration in clinic.

Interface science is an intrinsic component of dental bonding. Current adhesive techniques allow clinicians to bond resin composites to dentin for the restoration of a defected tooth. However, a vulnerable adhesive-dentin interface remains clinically challenging by far resulting in frequent replacement of the restorations. The inappropriate management of exposed dentin plays a major role in jeopardizing the stability of the adhesive-dentin interface, leading to subsequent restorative failure. To overcome this problem, this paper highlights epigallocatechin-3-gallate/nanohydroxyapatite (EGCG/nHAp) platform (mesoporous silica-based) delivery approach to the adhesive-dentin interface and investigates its effectiveness on dentin bonding. Microtensile bond strength, interfacial nanoleakage, in situ zymography, and Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation were assessed. Results revealed that applying the EGCG/nHAp delivery platform on exposed dentin could preserve the dentin bond strength and reduce interfacial nanoleakage after collagenase ageing; moreover, it could inactivate the activity of matrix metalloproteinase within the hybrid layer and inhibit the adhesion and biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans. The proposed approach demonstrates great potential for stabilizing the adhesive-dentin interface, which may aid in achieving a durable dentin bonding efficiency and preventing secondary caries progression, thereby indicating a promising strategy to prolong the service life of dental restorations.