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Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an important pathogen causing pandemic diseases in marine animals and brings about severe economic losses in aquaculture worldwide. The emergence of multi-drug-resistant V. parahaemolyticus and the prohibition of antibiotics both require the development of new therapeutic agents with alternative action. In this study, the effect of gallnut Galla chinensis water extract (GWE) on V. parahaemolyticus growth and virulence was investigated to determine the potential for its use in disease prevention and treatment in aquaculture. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of GWE against V. parahaemolyticus were identified as 0.49 and 0.98 mg/mL, respectively. Membrane damage in V. parahaemolyticus was further verified through the increase of conductivity and leakage of nucleic acids and proteins. Moreover, GWE caused membrane invaginations and damage in V. parahaemolyticus as observed via scanning electron microscopy. After treatment with GWE, the biofilm formation and the activities of respiratory chain dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, and succinate dehydrogenase of V. parahaemolyticus were all significantly inhibited. These findings suggest that GWE has the potential to be developed as a supplemental agent to mitigate the infections caused by V. parahaemolyticus in aquaculture.

Sediment contaminated with metals constitutes a worldwide environmental problem. Biochar-based materials are widely applied in soil/sediment remediation due to their high adsorption capacity and cost-effectiveness. In this study, multiple modified biochar (BCM) were used to stabilize metals in contaminated river sediment. BCM was mixed with metal-contaminated river sediment at doses of 0%, 1%, 2% and 3% (w/w, represented as CK, BCM1, BCM2 and BCM3, respectively). Changes in the availability, leachability and fractions of metals and in sediment chemical properties and enzyme activities (catalase, dehydrogenase) were analysed. Results showed that the application of BCM effectively reduced the levels of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic (DTPA)-extractable, CaCl2-extractable and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP)-extractable metals in the sediment. In the BCM3 treatment, DTPA-extractable, levels of CaCl2-extractable and TCLP-extractable metals decreased by 56.61%, 98.20% and 23.57% for Cd, 99.99%, 97.04% and 71.15% for Cu and 82.21%, 97.77% and 55.27% for Ni, respectively. The levels of DTPA-extractable and TCLP-extractable Pb decreased 69.60% and 69.24%, respectively, and the levels of CaCl2-extractable and TCLP-extractable Zn decreased 49.81% and 55.27%, respectively. In addition, BCM application (BCM3) transformed the acid-soluble Cu, Cd and Ni to a more stable fraction, and the levels of acid-soluble Cd and Ni decreased by 28.23% and 5.81%, respectively. The level of acid-soluble Cu was below the detection limit, and reducible Cu was decreased 0.60% in the BCM3 treatment. However, the influence of BCM on the fractions of Pb and Zn was not significant (p

This paper considers the non-fragile distributed state estimation problem for Markov jump systems over sensor networks based on dissipative theory. Moreover, both state estimator gain variations and parameter uncertainties are assumed to be with mode-dependent for more practical modeling. On the basis of stochastic analysis and Lyapunov–Krasovskii function method, sufficient conditions with desired mode-dependent estimators are established such that the prescribed dissipative performance can be achieved. In the end, the effectiveness and applicability of the developed scheme is confirmed via the illustrative example.

How to recycle metals from the waste resources becomes a hotspot all around the world. Non-ferrous residues, which was produced by non-ferrous melting industry, and various of Cu and Co compounds exist in the residues in the form of CuxOy, CuxSy, CoxSy. In order to efficiently extract valuable metals from the non-ferrous residues, this study investigated the bioleaching behavior of Cu and Co from non-ferrous residues, using iron-oxidizing bacteria (IOB, Leptospirillum ferriphilum CS13) and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB, Acidithiobacillus caldus S2) by controlling the microbial composition, initial pH, and initial ferrous ion concentration. The results showed that IOB had a better performance on extracting Cu and Co than that of SOB, especially for Cu. Furthermore, 77.7 and 79.8% of Cu and Co were extracted under the optimal ratio of the initial number of IOB and SOB (1:1) after bioleaching, which was more than that when bioleaching by any one of these two kinds of bacteria. However, the changes of initial pH and ferrous ion concentration could not significantly enhance bioleaching performance. The results indicated that bioleaching had a good performance on recovering of metals from non-ferrous residues and excellent application prospect for the cleaner resource recycling.

Heavy metal–contaminated sediment is a common environmental problem. In situ stabilization is an effective and low-cost method to remediate heavy metal–contaminated sediment. In this study, a red mud-based low-cost composite (RMM) was used to stabilize heavy metal–contaminated sediment. RMM was mixed with heavy metal–contaminated sediment at the doses of 0%, 1%, 3% and 5%. The CaCl2-extractable, DTPA-extractable, leachability (TCLP) and heavy metal fractions were analysed to evaluate the stabilization efficiency of RMM for heavy metals. The selected properties and microbial activities of the sediment were analysed to verify the safety of RMM to sediment. The results showed that RMM reduced the DTPA-, CaCl2- and TCLP-extractable heavy metals in sediment. At an RMM dose of 5%, DTPA-, CaCl2- and TCLP- extractable heavy metals were reduced by 7.60%, 72.34% and 69.24% for Pb; 18.20%, 76.7% and 23.57% for Cd; 32.7%, 96.50% and 49.64% for Zn; and 35.0%, 61.20% and 55.27% for Ni, respectively. TCLP- and DTPA-extractable Cu was reduced by 71.15% and 12.90%, respectively. In contrast, CaCl2-extractable Cu increased obviously after the application of RMM. RMM reduced the acid-soluble fraction of Zn by 6.99% and increased the residual fraction of Ni by 4.28%. However, the influence of RMM on the fractions of Pb, Cd and Cu was nonsignificant. In addition, the application of RMM increased the pH values of the sediment, and the microbial activity in the sediment was also obviously enhanced. These results indicated that RMM has great potential in the remediation of heavy metal–contaminated sediment.

As an eco-friendly and efficient adsorbent for removal of potential toxic metals from aqueous solution, biochar has received widespread attention. In the present study, wheat straw biochar (BC) and corresponding modified biochar (HNC) were used to remove Cu

The construction of large structures is one of the main development trends of the space exploration in the future, such as large space stations, large space solar power stations, and large space telescopes. It is one of important development tendency, which aims to make full use of space robots to assemble space structures autonomously in the aerospace industry. Considering that on-orbit assembly is an effective method to solve the problem of construction of large-scale spatial structures, it is necessary to motivate and facilitate the research of space robotics technologies for on-orbit assembly. Therefore, in this paper, the development status of space robot technology and the relevant space robot on-orbit assembly technology in recent decades are summarized. First, based on the space robot motion planning and assembly sequence planning, the development of space robot planning algorithms is introduced. For space robot assembly task, the space robot assembly method is summarized. From the control point of view, how to solve the vibration suppression and compliant assembly of on-orbit assembly is reviewed, which provides a reference for the autonomous intelligent assembly of space robots for large-scale structures in space. In order to simulate the space assembly scene on the ground, this paper introduces the development of ground verification experiments and provides ideas for the effective verification of space on-orbit assembly technology. In summary, though some of these problems have been satisfactorily solved in the past research, further research is still necessary in the future. Finally, it looks forward to the future research direction of space machine on-orbit assembly.

A bacterial strain (Gordonia sp. Lff) capable of efficiently degrading di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was isolated from river sludge. The optimal pH and temperature for the degradation of DEHP by Lff were 7.0 and 35 °C, respectively. Lff could degrade high concentrations of DEHP (100–2000 mg/L) with a degradation efficiency of over 91.43%. The DEHP degradation curves fit well with first-order kinetics, with a half-life ranging from 0.598 to 0.746 d. Substrate inhibition analyses showed that the maximum specific degradation rate, half-saturation constant and inhibition constant were 0.8 d−1, 45.8 mg/L and 462.18 mg/L, respectively. A detailed biodegradation pathway of DEHP was proposed based on GC–MS analysis. Furthermore, Lff could also efficiently degrade DEHP in soils. DEHP or DEHP plus Lff changed the bacterial community in soils, and Lff accelerated the shaping of the bacterial community. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to perform a detailed investigation into the biodegradation of DEHP in soil by Gordonia sp. and its effect on the soil bacterial community. These results suggest that Lff is an ideal candidate for the bioremediation of DEHP-contaminated environments.

In the present study, a pot-culture experiment was conducted to investigate the influences of mercapto-functionalized nanosilica (MPTS/nano-silica) on Cd stabilization and uptake by wheat seedling. Four different dosages of MPTS/nano-silica were applied: 0%, 0.3%, 0.6% and 1% (w/w), and the changes of DTPA-extractable Cd in soil, soil properties, wheat biomass, and uptake of Cd to wheat tissues (shoots and roots) were measured throughout the experiment. The results showed that the application of MPTS/nano-silica (at dose of 1%) reduced the DTPA-extractable Cd from 4.21 to 1.45 mg/kg in the soil. Whereas the addition of MPTS/nano-silica hardly changed soil properties and slightly decreased the biomass of wheat seedling. In addition, Cd concentration in wheat tissues decreased from 6.388 to 2.625 mg/kg for shoot, and from 18.622 to 6.368 mg/kg for root. These results indicated that MPTS/nano-silica is an ideal candidate for remediation of Cd contaminated agricultural soil.

Cd-contaminated soil is a common environmental problem. Stabilization is an effective way of in situ remediation for Cd contamination in soils, but there is a lack of information about the influences of the amendments on soil ecosystems and Cd uptake by crops, especially under field conditions. In this study, surface-modified nano-silica (SMNS) was used to stabilize a Cd-contaminated soil under field condition within one year. SMNS was mixed with Cd-contaminated soil at the dosage of 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, and 1%, respectively. After that, corn and wheat were sown within one year. DTPA extraction and sequential extraction were used to evaluate stabilization efficiency of SMNS to Cd. The influences of SMNS on crop yield, soil enzyme activities, and Cd accumulation in crops were also analyzed. The DTPA-extractable Cd in soil was reduced by 61.14% when the dosage of SMNS was 1%. SMNS transferred Cd to more stable fractions, with the organic-bound and residual Cd increased 148.11% and 90.52%, respectively. The addition of SMNS decreased soil dehydrogenase slightly, but its influences on soil urease, catalase, and yields of corn and wheat were negligible. More importantly, at the dosage of 1%, SMNS reduced 42.87% and 47.95% of Cd contents in corn and wheat grains, respectively. SMNS was effective in reducing the mobility of Cd in contaminated soils. These results suggest that SMNS has a great potential in the remediation of Cd-contaminated agricultural soils.

In the process of communication network management, with the increase of user's demand for application network, the management architecture gradually generates various management modules, and each module independently completes the task. This process is relatively simple and easy to implement and saves a part of the physical space, but the data inside the system is chaotic and scattered, and the functions between data blocks are mostly repeated, which poses a serious threat to the maintenance and upgrade of the 5G communication network management system. For the above reason we try to use micro service architecture for 5 G communication network management system of each module for unified control, ensure that in the process of frequent data communication implements the function of optimization. At the same time, predicting the application of knowledge map in data relations also helps us to better the hierarchy between each data block. It contributes to the normal operation of the network management system. The experimental results on the benchmark data show that the method has excellent performance and good stability.

Neural decoding based on surface electromyogram (sEMG) has shown promising application in rehabilitation medicine and intelligent artificial limb. It is a technique analyzing neural activity and obtaining the motion intentions. In this paper, a sEMG-based gestures recognition is conducted via extracting temporal domain features and frequency domain features from sEMG signals, and training these features with a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) model. Different from directly placing the electrodes on the active muscle part, we utilize an armband-like device to study the influence factors in neural decoding, which are signals segment lengths, force levels, electrode shifts and the electrode channels number, respectively. Experimental results demonstrate that all these factors make an influence on recognition results. Besides, due to the individual difference of physiological structure, the influence is slightly different from subject to subject. Lastly, specific to the force levels, experiments show similar force levels in both training and testing dataset will make a higher accuracy for the gesture recognition.

In Elastic Optical Network (EON), the fragmentation of spectrum caused by frequent arrivals and departures of services is a concern. It may block some high-priority service requests, and even single-path failures will cause a large amount of data loss. . In order to ensure the survivability of EON, this paper proposes a fragmentation-aware and energy-saving multipath routing and spectrum allocation algorithm (fragmentation-aware and energy-saving multipath routing and spectrum allocation. FEM-RSA), which guarantees high priority services. Survivability reduces bandwidth blocking rate, increases spectrum occupation rate and reduces energy consumption. Simulation experiments proved the feasibility of the algorithm

HRA (Human Reliability Analysis) can be seen as a symmetric problem, as it is mainly reflected in two aspects of failure and success. Human error is the most common accident in industrial systems; furthermore, an astronaut is in a very complex environment, and coupled with weightlessness, it is easy to cause human error. For this reason, this paper took the human-computer interface in a spacecraft cabin as the background, and based on the literature, questionnaire inquiry, and the division of three cognitive processes during the interaction between the astronaut and human, a computer interface was determined. This paper proposed a human reliability influencing factors system of different cognitive phases for the human-computer interface in a spacecraft cabin, a task analysis tree with a symmetry of success and failure, an HRA model with symmetry of failure and success based on cognitive stages, and Game Theory and Fuzzy Center of Gravity Method, and obtained influencing factors weights of three cognitive stages. By simulating an experiment, the trend of error probability curves shows the rationality of the human reliability method. Finally, an example was illustrated, and the analysis process of the example demonstrates that an HRA model with symmetry provides a feasible analysis process and method for the cognitive reliability of the spacecraft cabin human-computer interface interaction. The research achievements in this paper can provide theoretical guidance to improve human error root reason analysis, an analysis basis of how to improve influencing factors level, and provide a HRA method based on cognitive stages for the human-computer interaction process in a spacecraft cabin.

Seasonal temperature changes significantly affect microbial community diversity, composition, and performance in wastewater treatment plants. However, the community assembly mechanisms under seasonal temperature variations remain unclear. Here, we carried out temperature cycling experiments (30 °C, 35 °C, 37 °C, 40 °C, 42 °C, 45 °C, 40 °C, and 30 °C) to investigate how temperature impacts microbial performance and co-occurrence network and how assembly processes determine the structure and function of microbial communities during treating aniline wastewater. During the 195-day operation, the system achieved an efficient and stable aniline removal of 99%. Interestingly, α-diversity and network complexity were negatively correlated with temperature but could be recovered when the temperature was returned to 30 °C. The results showed that functional redundancy was probably responsible for the excellent microbial performance during the whole process. Null model analyses presented that deterministic process dominated the community when the temperature was 30 °C, and stochasticity dominated the assembly process when the temperature was over 30 °C. Overall, the balance between stochastic and deterministic processes in the treatment of aniline wastewater mediated the reoccurrence of microbial community and co-occurrence network at different temperatures. This study provides new insights into microbial community reoccurrence under seasonal temperature changes and a theoretical basis for regulating microbial communities in wastewater treatment plants.

As an eco-friendly and efficient adsorbent for removal of potential toxic metals from aqueous solution, biochar has received widespread attention. In the present study, wheat straw biochar (BC) and corresponding modified biochar (HNC) were used to remove Cu2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ from an aqueous solution. The influence of the environment factors on metals adsorption and adsorption mechanism were discussed in detail. The results showed that the HNC had porous structures and owned ample functional groups (−OH, −COOH and C−N groups) compared with the BC. In the single system, the adsorption capacities of HNC for Cu2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ at a pH of 5.5 were 18.36, 22.83 and 49.38 mg/g, which were 76.89%, 164.36% and 22.75% higher than that of the BC, respectively. In addition, the adsorption process of Cu2+ and Cd2+ on BC and HNC fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetics, but the adsorption of Pb2+ on BC and HNC fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-first-order kinetics. Adsorption isotherms indicated that the adsorption of Cu2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ by BC and HNC was a spontaneous endothermic process. The competitive adsorption of mixed metal ions (Cu2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+) revealed that HNC was more preferential to adsorb Cu2+ compared with Cd2+ and Pb2+. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses revealed that the main adsorption mechanisms were surface complexation and precipitation, and the adsorbed Cu2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ on HNC mainly exist as CuO, Cd(OH)2, Pb3O4 and Pb(OH)2.

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It is important to obtain bacteria with the ability for reduction of dyes and Cr(Ⅵ) since dyes and Cr(Ⅵ) are often co-exist in textile wastewater. In this study, a new strain belonging to Ochrobactrum anthropi was isolated from textile wastewater, and could efficiently reduce Reactive Black 5 (RB 5) and Cr(Ⅵ). The results showed the degradation efficiency of RB 5 could achieve 100% and reduction efficiency of Cr(Ⅵ) was up to 80% within 3 days at initial RB 5 and Cr(Ⅵ) concentration of 400 mg/L and 20 mg/L. Mn2+ and Cu2+ could enhance the removal of RB 5 and Cr(Ⅵ), respectively. Glycerin, as electron donor, improved reduction efficiencies of RB 5 and Cr(Ⅵ). In addition, reduction mechanisms were further investigated. The results demonstrated that decreasing of RB 5 and Cr(Ⅵ) concentration were mainly through extracellular bioreduction rather than by adsorption. The FTIR and XPS analyses revealed that the O‒H, C‒C and C‒H groups on the cell surface might be involved in the reduction of RB 5 and Cr(Ⅵ). The information gives useful insights into understanding of how the bacterium reduce RB 5 and Cr(Ⅵ). The results indicated that the strain had excellent application prospect for treating industrial wastewater.

With the rapid development of the economy, various types of distributed energy are continuously connected to the power system, resulting in the increasing pressure of energy supply in the power system, which poses unprecedented challenges to the operation, management, and service of State Grid Corporation. Therefore, State Grid Corporation of China has put forward the strategic goal of building ubiquitous power Internet of things (IoT). As an important part of supporting the construction of a strong smart grid and energy Internet, building ubiquitous power IoT is very important to promote the national energy structure reform, realize the intelligent coordination and optimization of source network load storage, and improve the user energy experience. Wireless communication technology provides channel guarantee for the future end-to-end ubiquitous IoT. This paper first introduces the concept and system composition of ubiquitous IoT and then focuses on the application and development of wireless communication technology including LTE power wireless private network and 5G communication in ubiquitous IoT. Finally, it summarizes the challenges and future development direction of ubiquitous power IoT construction.

Heavy metal contamination in soil has attracted great attention worldwide. In situ stabilization has been considered an effective way to remediate soils contaminated by heavy metals. In the present research, a multiple-modified biochar (BCM) was prepared to stabilize Cd and Cu contamination in two different soils: a farmland soil (JYS) and a vegetable soil (ZZS). The results showed that BCM was a porous-like flake material and that modification increased its specific surface area and surface functional groups. The incubation experiment indicated that BCM decreased diethylenetriaminepentaacetic (DTPA)-extractable Cd and Cu by 92.02% and 100.00% for JYS and 90.27% and 100.00% for ZZS, respectively. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP)-extractable Cd and Cu decreased 66.46% and 100.00% for JYS and 46.33% and 100.00% for ZZS, respectively. BCM also reduced the mobility of Cd and Cu in soil and transformed them to more stable fractions. In addition, the application of BCM significantly increased the soil dehydrogenase, organic matter content and available K (p

In June 2019, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology awarded 5G licenses to three operators and National Radio and Television Administration. This marks that China has officially entered the 5G era. 5G is not only a technological upgrading of the communication industry, but also can speed up the upgrading of other vertical industries. In this paper, we introduce three key technologies of 5G: network slicing, network function virtualization (NFV) and software defined network (SDN), we also elaborate the application status of 5G network slicing technology in power communication network. Finally, we prospect the development of network slicing technology in power communication network.

To understand the influence of Pb/Zn smelter on surrounding environment, 110 soil and 62 wheat grain samples (62 paired samples) were collected nearby a Pb/Zn smelter in Jiaozuo City, Henan Province, China. The content and spatial distribution of metal(loid)s in the soil-wheat system, and the potential health risk via consumption of wheat grains were determined. Results showed that the average content of Pb, Cd, As, Cu, Zn, and Ni in soil were 129.16, 4.28, 17.95, 20.43, 79.36, and 9.42 mg/kg, respectively. The content of Cd in almost all soil samples (99.1%) exceeded the national limitation of China (0.6 mg/kg). Spatial distribution analysis indicated that atmospheric deposition might be the main pollution source of Pb, Cd, As, and Zn in soil. In addition, the average content of Pb, Cd, As, Cu, Zn, and Ni in wheat grain were 0.62, 0.35, 0.10, 3.7, 35.77, and 0.15 mg/kg, respectively, with the average Pb and Cd content exceeding the national limitation of China. The average bioaccumulation factor of these metal(loid)s followed the following order: Zn (0.507) > Cu (0.239) > Cd (0.134) > Ni (0.024) > Pb (0.007) > As (0.006). Health risk assessment indicated that the average noncarcinogenic risk of children (6.78) was much higher than that of adults (2.83), and the carcinogenic risk of almost all wheat grain is higher than the acceptable range, with an average value of 2.43 × 10−2. These results indicated that humans who regularly consume these wheat grains might have a serious risk of noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic diseases.

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Various types of biochar have been widely used to remediate soil contamination from heavy metals (HMs) and to reduce HM mobility and bioavailability in soils in recent years. Most researchers have paid attention to the beneficial effects of biochar during the remediation process, but few have emphasized their negative effects and the challenges for their application. In this review, the negative effects and challenges of applying biochar for the remediation of HM-contaminated soils are thoroughly summarized and discussed, including the changeable characteristics of biochar, biochar over-application, toxic substances in biochar, activation of some HMs in soils by biochar, nonspecific adsorption, and the negative influences of biochar on soil microorganisms and plants. In addition, further research directions and several recommendations (standardization, long-term field experiments, mechanisms research and designer biochars) were also proposed to enable the large-scale application of biochar for the remediation of HM-contaminated soils.

Di-n-octyl phthalate (DOP), a plasticizer used in many different industrial products, is a frequently observed pollutant in the environment. Biodegradation by microorganisms is considered to be a realistic choice for the remediation of DOP contamination. In the present research, the halotolerant bacterial consortium (LF) enriched in our previous research was used to degrade DOP. It was found that the optimal conditions for LF to degrade DOP was temperature 30oC, pH 6.0, inoculum size >5%, and salt content −1 and 59.1 mg/L, respectively. Based on the analysis of the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the biodegradation pathway for DOP by LF was proposed. Furthermore, LF could degrade DOP in soil (100 mg/kg) with the highest removal efficiency of 89.3%. This study is the first report on DOP biodegradation by bacterial consortium. These results suggest that LF can be used to remediate DOP-contaminated environment.

Few studies exist regarding the mechanism prior to response by which cognitive impairment may induce error in a single long-lasting task. The present study intends to clarify the changes in cognition at the electrophysiological level. Changes in amplitude and latency of N1, P2, N2, and P3 components of event related potentials (ERPs) were analyzed for error and correct trials during normal and fatigue. 29 participants had to perform a 2-back working memory task for 100 minutes. The first 10 minutes and the last 10 minutes of the task were used as the normal state and fatigue state of the participant, respectively. EEG data were obtained from the first 10-minute period and the final 10-minute period. The results revealed smaller P3 and P2 amplitudes and longer P2 and N2 latency in the final 10-mintue which was after a long lasting time task. Moreover, smaller P3 and P2 amplitudes but larger N2 amplitudes were observed in error trials for both states. Our results indicated that 1) Long lasting involvement in a cognitive task had a detrimental effect on attention, memory updating and cognitive control, and 2) impaired attention, impairments in memory updating and cognitive control were related to task errors. Our results imply that several impaired cognitive processes were consistently associated with the error and the altered ERP represent the neural patterns prior to error response in mental fatigue state.

In this study, a microbial consortium was enriched and acclimated to degrade aniline by the aerobic bioreactor. The system achieved a high degradation efficiency of aniline (over 99%) within a short period. Meanwhile, the removal rate of NH4+-N was up to 33.3%. The dominant populations of Comamonas and Zoogloea were critical for maintaining the removal performance. Ortho-cleavage and meta-cleavage pathways were responsible for degrading aniline. Our work presented that the microbial consortium could effectively treat aniline, and provided a potential alternative for eliminating aniline.

Cadmium (Cd) contamination in agricultural soil is a worldwide environmental problem. In situ stabilization has been considered an effective approach for the remediation of Cd-contaminated agricultural soil. However, information about the long-term effects of amendment on soil properties and stabilization efficiency remains limited. In the present study, mercapto-functionalized nano-silica (MPTS/nano-silica) was used to stabilize Cd in contaminated agricultural soil under field conditions for three years (with application rates of 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8% and 1.0%). The application of MPTS/nano-silica reduced the soil aggregate stability (PDA0.25) (14.8%) and available K (24.9%) and significantly increased the soil dehydrogenase (DHA) (43.4%), yield of wheat grains (33.5%) and Si content in wheat tissues (55.2% in leaf, 50.4% in stem, and 37.7% in husk) (p

Cadmium (Cd) contamination in agricultural soils is a widespread problem in China. In situ stabilization has been considered as one of the appropriate methods in remediation of Cd-contaminated soils. Besides the stabilization efficiency, more information regarding the influences of the stabilizer on soil properties is also required. In the present research, surface-modified nano-silica (SMNS) was used to remediate Cd-contaminated agricultural soils. When the dosage of SMNS was at 1%, the diethylenetriaminepentaacetic (DTPA)-extractable Cd decreased from 1.32 mg/kg to 0.116mg/kg on the 180th day, with the stabilization efficiency of 91.21%. Meanwhile, the exchangeable and carbonate-bounded Cd decreased 69.26 and 48.39%, respectively. Correlation analyses implied that SMNS transferred the exchangeable and carbonate-bounded fractions of Cd to the residual fraction. Furthermore, the mobility of Cd in soil also decreased from 45.78 to 18.95%. Mechanism analysis revealed that Cd was adsorbed on SMNS mainly by -SH and -OH bonds. Besides that, the addition of SMNS had negligible influences on soil properties. These results indicate that SMNS has great advantages and potential in stabilizing Cd-contaminated agricultural soils.

Based on IonS5TMXL sequencing platform, the effects of salinity on intestinal flora composition of Penaeus vannamei were studied. The results showed that the total number of OTUs in intestinal tract of P. vannamei in groups 6‰, 18‰ and 30 was 99, the unique number of OTUs in group 6‰ was 18, the unique number of OTUs in group 18‰ was 110, and the unique number of OTUs in group 30‰ was 53. At phylum level, the dominant bacteria in intestinal tract of three groups shrimp were Proteobacteria, Bacteroides, Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria, Tenericutes and Fusobacteria. At genus level, the main predominant bacteria in intestinal tract of shrimps were Defluviimonas, Stenotrophomonas, Shinella, Acinetobacter, Ruegeria, Rhodobacter, Nautella, unidentified Cyanobacteria and Pseudoalteromonas, and the relative abundance of intestinal microflora in different salinity groups shrimp was quite different. Simpson, Chao l, ACE and PD total tree indices of shrimps in salinity 18‰ group were higher than those of shrimp in 6‰ and 30‰ groups, while Shannon index was lower than that of shrimp in salinity 30‰ group, indicating that diversity and richness of intestinal bacterial community in salinity 18‰ group were higher than those of shrimp in 6‰ and 30‰ group. The results laid a foundation for further study on the effects of salinity on growth and metabolism of P. vannamei.

Habitability questionnaire was designed according to ship circumstance. 200 sailors who worked in two same type ships were chosen as investigation subject. The results showed that sailors subjectively regarded air quality, noise, and space as the key factors that could affect ship habitability. They thought odor, floating dust, noise, space of work area and habitation cabin odor, habitation cabin space, dishware cleanness, lavatorial odor, shower, communication of living quarters were unsatisfactory. The sailors’ demand for illuminance improved markedly when they worked on sea for several years. While the demands for habitation cabin noise, personnel density and floating dust fluctuated as working time extended.

Objective: to establish the technology system of HFE in the manned spaceflight and equipment manufacture of China, evaluate TRL, TAL, and TUL of key technology, and lead the innovation and development of HFE in China. Method: by studying the demand of HFE,analyzing the hotspot and trend and learning the successful application of HFE, the systematic and scientific model of HFE technology system was built. Result (Conclusion): an explicit definition of HFE technology was given, and a tree-structure model of HFE technology system was presented. The first-order leaf nodes represented three technology directions (research directions) to which seven technology themes (research themes) in the second-order leaf nodes were attached, and the third-order leaf nodes were 31 technology contents (research contents) that belong to the technology themes, and the fourth-order leaf nodes were key technologies for solving the specific problems or research methods in the technology contents. A quantitative evaluation of TRL, TAL, and TUL was given and a general evaluation of HFE technology level was also made.