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This paper presents a case study of the operational management of the Robinvale high-pressure piped irrigation water delivery system (RVHPS) in Australia. Based on datasets available, improved pump setpoint selection using a calibrated hydraulic model is investigated. The first step was to implement pre-processing of measured flow and pressure data to identify errors in the data and possible faulty sensors. An EPANET hydraulic simulation model was updated with calibrated pipe roughness height values by using the processed pressure and flow data. Then, new pump setpoints were selected using the calibrated model given the actual measured demands such that the pressures in the network were minimized subject to required customer service standards. Based on a two-day simulation, it was estimated that 4.7% savings in pumping energy cost as well as 4.7% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions can be achieved by applying the new pump setpoints., 2nd IFAC Workshop on Control Methods for Water Resource Systems

Fractures are frequently encountered diseases troubling the senior population, and the research on fracture repair and the exploration of effective treatment methods are of great significance. This study aimed to clarify the effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles (hUMSC-EVs) on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of autologous bone marrow stem cells (ABMSCs). The two kinds of cells were co-cultured firstly, 5-Ethynyl-2'- deoxyuridine (EDU) staining and alizarin red staining were used to detect the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of ABMSCs. The exosomes of hUMSCs were subsequently extracted to process ABMSCs to further test the effect on the cells. The EDU positive rate of ABMSCs and Collagen II expression were elevated, whereas the TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) positive rate and Matrix Metallopeptidase 13 (MMP13) were markedly decreased after the co-culture of hUMSCs and ABMSCs using Transwell chamber assays. The results indicated that hUMSCs could increase the proliferation of ABMSCs, reduce apoptosis, and promote matrix metabolism. The hUMSCs exosomes were separated and added to ABMSCs. As the exosomes content increased, the proliferation of ABMSCs increased simultaneously, and ABMSCs apoptosis decreased. Meanwhile, ABMSCs that migrated to the submembrane increased compared with untreated ABMSCs. Western blot, qPCR and immunofluorescence results revealed that increased exosomes contents promoted the expression of ABMSCs anabolic-related indicators gradually, while decreased the expression of catabolism-related indicators gradually. The previously described results indicated that hUMSCs promoted the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of ABMSCs by secreting exosomes.

Cyber Physical Systems (CPSs) are at the core of Water 4.0. As water networks are upgraded to Smart Water Networks (SWNs), however, the number of potential entry points for malicious attackers grows. Therefore, there is a pressing need for mitigating the related risks using cyber and physical security frameworks. This pressing need is evidenced by the fact that Cyber-Physical System Security (CPSS) has attracted a lot of research attention in recent years. Examples of reported CPSs attacks are the ransomware attack in the city of Atlanta in March 2018 and the Ukraine attack in December 2015. Bearing this in mind, there are many other attacks that are expected to occur in SWNs such as compromising remote sites, hot pivots, cell-phone WIFI, Stuxnet, etc. [1]. A recent study [2] reported that, every sixty seconds, the cyber-crime costs more than $1.1 million and impacts more than 1,800 people along with affecting infrastructures and the services. SWNs are complex systems consisting of a physical layer of reservoirs, valves, pumps and pipes, among the others. According to the SWAN forum, the other SWN layers are: 1) physical, sensing and control, 2) collection and communication, 3) data management and display and 4) data fusion and analysis. This paper reviews the potential attacks and prevention approaches with a focus on each layer of the SWN architecture. The attacks and possible countermeasures are explained and references to relevant literature that has attempted to deal with these issues are provided. Moreover, the impact of these attacks on SWNs is discussed and recommendations for security procedures to be followed by water utilities are proposed.

In this paper, a dynamic water quality sensor placement method that uses an EA is proposed. The proposed method consists of two steps. During the first step multiple contamination scenarios are generated randomly and the EPANET software is used to capture how the various contamination events affect the WDS. During the second step the sensor placement optimisation solver which uses an EA is run to find the optimal sensor placements. The novelty of this method is that it assumes the possibility of adapting the sensor locations based on the number of suspected contamination sources. The results obtained on the BWSN case-study demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed method.

LiuHua4-1 &LiuHua19-5 oil/gas fields are the first batch of Chinese self-developed projects using subsea production system in the Pearl River Marine Basin (PRMB) of South China Sea. We installed 10 sub-sea horizontal trees by a single hull vessel "HYSY708" and a semi-submersible "NH5" in the block, the completion execution phase was performed on Moored Mobile Offshore Drilling Units (MODU) with no prior experience in subsea completions from June 2011 to January 2014. Value creation activities were employed to raise the awareness and competence of the rig team to transform improvement opportunities into high performance goals. This paper presents an integrated completion program developed and implemented for reservoir characterization and formation evaluation in South China Sea. Completion fluid and treatment fluid were carefully selected and tested for well-specific conditions. The program used a combination of various completion techniques such as material corrosion, hydrate prevention, subsea horizontal tree installation, work string design optimization, subsea canned dual ESP completion system, intelligent well completion, emergency response in complex condition, etc. The integrated completion programs were designed and modified to meet the project delivery timeline and cost constraints, while responding to the challenge of properly testing the oil/gas reservoir. This paper also presents completion data analysis results and summarizes the encountered challenges and learned lessons from field operations. Specifically, we present field operation results and explain the key program elements. The learned lessons and gained experiences from the field operation presented here provide valuable guidance for future deep-water oil /gas exploration and development operations.

The β -type complex formed between yttrium and p -carboxychlorophosphonazo (CPApK) has been studied. It was found that Y-CPApK complex can give a maximum absorptivity in a buffer media of HAc–NaAc ranging from pH 3.5–4.3 and at a wavelength of 732 nm. Under the conditions employed, the molar absorptivity was found to be 7.72×10 4 l mol −1 cm −1 and the molar ratio of Y-CPApK was 1:2. The linear range was within 2–16 μg of yttrium in 25 ml solution. One of the characteristics of the complex was its high tolerance for calcium and hence a method of separation and enrichment of microamounts of yttrium by using calcium oxalate precipitate was developed and applied to measure yttrium in nickel-base alloys. The parameters which were related to the formation of the β -type complex of Y-CPApK were discussed and a comparison of existing β -type complexes between yttrium and the chlorophosphonazo reagents of chromotropic acid was made.

In this paper we propose a scheme for online convolutive blind acoustic source separation in frequency domain. A restriction term of DOA (Direction of Arrival) for sources is added to the cost function of mutual information. Minimizing the modified mutual information in each frequency bin, the source order can be adjusted on line. So the problem of permutation ambiguity can be settled on line, and it does not need the location information of receivers like classical DOA method. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has better performance than other existing methods.

Cyber Physical Systems (CPSs) are at the core of Water 4.0. As water networks are upgraded to Smart Water Networks (SWNs), however, the number of potential entry points for malicious attackers grows. Therefore, there is a pressing need for mitigating the related risks using cyber and physical security frameworks. This pressing need is evidenced by the fact that Cyber-Physical System Security (CPSS) has attracted a lot of research attention in recent years. Examples of reported CPSs attacks are the ransomware attack in the city of Atlanta in March 2018 and the Ukraine attack in December 2015. Bearing this in mind, there are many other attacks that are expected to occur in SWNs such as compromising remote sites, hot pivots, cell-phone WIFI, Stuxnet, etc. [1]. A recent study [2] reported that, every sixty seconds, the cyber-crime costs more than $1.1 million and impacts more than 1,800 people along with affecting infrastructures and the services. SWNs are complex systems consisting of a physical layer of reservoirs, valves, pumps and pipes, among the others. According to the SWAN forum, the other SWN layers are: 1) physical, sensing and control, 2) collection and communication, 3) data management and display and 4) data fusion and analysis. This paper reviews the potential attacks and prevention approaches with a focus on each layer of the SWN architecture. The attacks and possible countermeasures are explained and references to relevant literature that has attempted to deal with these issues are provided. Moreover, the impact of these attacks on SWNs is discussed and recommendations for security procedures to be followed by water utilities are proposed.

Cyber Physical Systems (CPSs) are at the core of Water 4.0. As water networks are upgraded to Smart Water Networks (SWNs), however, the number of potential entry points for malicious attackers grows. Therefore, there is a pressing need for mitigating the related risks using cyber and physical security frameworks. This pressing need is evidenced by the fact that Cyber-Physical System Security (CPSS) has attracted a lot of research attention in recent years. Examples of reported CPSs attacks are the ransomware attack in the city of Atlanta in March 2018 and the Ukraine attack in December 2015. Bearing this in mind, there are many other attacks that are expected to occur in SWNs such as compromising remote sites, hot pivots, cell-phone WIFI, Stuxnet, etc. [1]. A recent study [2] reported that, every sixty seconds, the cyber-crime costs more than $1.1 million and impacts more than 1,800 people along with affecting infrastructures and the services. SWNs are complex systems consisting of a physical layer of reservoirs, valves, pumps and pipes, among the others. According to the SWAN forum, the other SWN layers are: 1) physical, sensing and control, 2) collection and communication, 3) data management and display and 4) data fusion and analysis. This paper reviews the potential attacks and prevention approaches with a focus on each layer of the SWN architecture. The attacks and possible countermeasures are explained and references to relevant literature that has attempted to deal with these issues are provided. Moreover, the impact of these attacks on SWNs is discussed and recommendations for security procedures to be followed by water utilities are proposed.