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Additional file 1: Fig. S1 (a) SEM images of 2H-phase MoS2 bulk crystals and (b) its XRD pattern with simulated reference. Fig. S2 (a) TEM image of S-MoS2 nanosheets and (b) the HRTEM image of a typical S-MoS2 nanosheet. (c) AFM height image of S-MoS2 nanosheets. (d) Atomic-resolution HAADF-STEM image of a typical S-MoS2 nanosheet. (e) The filtered of the marked squire regime in (d) and (f) the corresponding crystal structure of semiconducting 2H-phase MoS2. Fig. S3 (a) UV���vis-NIR absorption spectra of M-MoS2 nanosheets dispersed in water at different concentrations and (b) its corresponding normalized absorbance intensity divided by the characteristic length of the cell (A/L) at different concentrations for �� = 1064 nm. Fig. S4 (a) Thermal images of PVP-modified M-MoS2 and PVP-modified S-MoS2 nanosheets with different concentrations (0, 10, 20, and 50 ppm) under the irradiation by a laser at 1.0 W cm���2 for 6 min. Photothermal heating curves water solutions containing (b) PVP-modified M-MoS2 and (c) PVP-modified S-MoS2 nanosheets at different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20 and 50 ppm). (d) Photothermal heating curves water solutions containing 50 ppm PVP-modified M-MoS2 irradiated with a laser at different power density. (e) Heating of solution of 50 ppm PVP-modified M-MoS2 and S-MoS2 nanosheets for five On/Off cycles. Fig. S5 (a) The molecular structure of the reaction between RB and active oxygen species. (b,c) UV���vis spectra of RB in absence of and in presence of 50 ppm (b) M-MoS2 and (c) S-MoS2 nanosheets after US treatments with different times. Fig. S6 Relative viabilities of cells (L929) after incubation in PVP-modified M-MoS2 and S-MoS2 nanosheets with different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 100, 120, 150 and 200 ppm) for 24 h. Fig. S7 The bacterial survival from the bacterial colonies in Fig. 5b. Fig. S8 Gram, masson trichrome, and hematoxylin���eosin (H&E) and staining of wound tissues after exposure to different treatment (PBS, M-MoS2, M-MoS2 + Laser, M-MoS2 + US, and M-MoS2 + Laser + US) for 10 days. Fig. S9 H&E staining of main organs (heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney) in different treatment groups.

Direct catalytic oxidation of alcohols to carboxylic acids is very attractive, but economical catalysis systems have not yet been well established. Here, we show that a pure inorganic ligand-supported chromium compound, (NH4)3[CrMo6O18(OH)6] (simplified as CrMo6), could be used to effectively promote this type of reaction in the presence of CO2. In almost all cases, oxidation of various alcohols (aromatic and aliphatic) could be achieved under mild conditions, and the corresponding carboxylic acids can be achieved in high yield. The chromium catalyst 1 can be reused several times with little loss of activity. Mechanism study and control reactions demonstrate that the acidification proceeds via the key oxidative immediate of aldehydes.

The first example of an inorganic-ligand supported iron(III) catalysed coupling of formic acid and amines to form formamides is reported. The pure inorganic catalyst (NH4)3[FeMo6O18(OH)6] (1), which consists of a central FeIII single-atomic core supported within a cycle-shaped inorganic ligand consisting of six MoVIO6 octahedra, shows excellent activity and selectivity, and avoids the use of complicated/commercially unavailable organic ligands. Various primary amines and secondary amines have been successfully transformed into the corresponding formamides under mild conditions, and the formylation of primary diamines has also been achieved for the first time. The Fe catalyst 1 can be reused several times without appreciable loss of activity.

An efficient oxidation and functionalization of C–H bonds with an inorganic-ligand supported iron catalyst and hydrogen peroxide to prepare the corresponding ketones was achieved using the bromide ion as a promoter. Preliminary mechanistic investigations indicated that the bromide ion can bind to FeMo6 to form a supramolecular species (FeMo6·2Br), which can effectively catalyze the reaction.

The oxidative esterification of various aldehydes with alcohols could be achieved by a heterogeneous iron(III) catalyst supported on a ring-like POM inorganic ligand under mild conditions, affording the corresponding esters, including several drug molecules and natural products, in high yields. ESI-MS and control experiments demonstrated that POM-FeV(O) was the active catalytic species and the plausible mechanism was presented. More importantly, the 6th run of the iron catalyst recycles shows only a slight decrease in the yield.

Formamides represent an abundant class of compounds in organic synthesis. They can be made efficiently by the direct catalytic coupling of methanol with amines in the presence of metal-based catalysts. However, these catalysts require complicated organic ligands, susceptible to oxidative self-degradation, restricting their practical applications. Here, we describe an inorganic ligand-supported chromium (III) catalyst, (NH4)3[CrMo6O18(OH)6], which consists of a central chromium (III) single-atomic core supported by a cycle-shaped inorganic ligand consisting of six MoVIO6 octahedra, shows excellent activity and selectivity. Various primary amines and secondary amines are successfully transformed into the corresponding formamides under mild conditions, and the formylation of primary diamines is also achieved. The chromium catalyst can be reused several times with little loss of the activity. Mechanistic insight is provided based on the observation of an intermediate and control experiments. Several catalytic methods for N-formylation of amines using noble metals or manganese pincer complexes are known. Here an air-stable and reusable chromium-based polyoxometalate is shown to catalyze the N-formylation of amines and diamines using methanol and hydrogen peroxide.

This paper proposes a six-pole radial-axial hybrid magnetic bearing (RAHMB) used in a flywheel system. The radial and axial bias fluxes are generated by one permanent magnet and the radial control coils are driven by a three-phase converter. So, it has the advantages of compact structure, low power consumption and simple driver. First, the work principle is introduced. Then, the mathematical model is built. The force-current characteristics with different eccentricities, the coupling between radial two degrees of freedom (DOF) and the coupling between radial and axial DOF are analyzed based on the analytical model. Finally, the analyses are validated by 3D finite element analysis in the Maxwell software. The results have shown that the coupling between radial and axial DOF is very small. However, the force-current curves of radial two DOFs turn out to be nonlinear and coupled with the increase of rotor eccentricity.