Search

Research on volcanic rock diagenesis have important reference value in volcanic rock secondary pore formation, evolution and reservoir prediction. Using the core data, flakes, imaging logging, geochemicals analysis and lithologies-lithofacies characteristics of Yaoyingtai area in Yingcheng Formation, Changling fault depression, we research on the volcanic rock diagenesis, reservoir space types, characteristics and relationships. The results are shown that: The research area mainly develop volcanic rock mantle thermal liquid alkali metasomatism and other 11 diagenesis types, and base on diagenesis formation mechanism and the effects of the reservoir spaces, which is divided constructive and destructive.

Since loss of oligodendrocytes and consequent demy-elination of spared axons severely impair the functional re-covery of injured spinal cord, it is reasonably expected that the reduction of oligodendroglial death and enhanced remyelination of demyelinated axons will have a therapeutic potential to treat spinal cord injury. Amelioration of axonal myelination in the injured spinal cord is valuable for recov-ery of the neural function of incompletely injured patients. Here, this article presents an overview about the patho- physiology and mechanism of axonal demyelination in spi-nal cord injury and discusses its therapeutic significance in the treatment of spinal cord injury. Moreover, it further in-troduces the recent strategies to improve the axonal myeliantion to facilitate functional recovery of spinal cord injury.

Objective To study the protective mechanisms of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) on the spinal cord injury. Methods Totally 105 SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups; control group, experimental group and sham operation group. Rats from the former 2 groups were inflicted to animal model of acute spinal cord injury according to Allen's (WD) by situating a thin plastic tube in the subarachnoid space below the injury level for perfusion. Rats in experimental group received 20μl NT-3 (200 ng) from the tube at 0, 4, 8, 12, 24 h and 3, 7 d after injury, and those in control group got an equal volume of normal saline at the same time. The animals in sham operation group only received opening vertebral plate and tube was put in subarachnoid space. The rats were sacrificed at 4, 8, 12, 24 h and 3, 7, 14 d post injury (n = 5). The expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in spinal cord of rats were detected by immunohis-tochemistry assay. Results The level of Bax protein in control group significantly increased as compared with those in sham operation group, and the peak reached at 8 h after spinal cord injury. The Bcl-2 proteins were always weakly positive. The Bax proteins in NT-3 group significantly decreased but the Bcl-2 proteins obviously increased as compared with those in control group. Conclusion NT-3 can protect spinal cord from injury in vivo. One of the mechanisms is that NT-3 can inhibit abnormal expression of Bax protein, and increase the expression of Bcl-2 protein, then inhibit apoptosis after spinal cord injury.

Although there have been numerous studies aimed at determining the effects and safety of early vs. late surgical decompression for traumatic cervical spinal cord injury, controversies still exist regarding the optimal timing of surgery for this serious spinal trauma. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of early vs. late surgical decompression for lower cervical spine trauma associated with spinal cord injury. A retrospective review of was performed on consecutive patients who underwent surgical decompression for lower cervical (C3–C7) spine trauma associated with spinal cord injury at six institutions across China from January 2007 to January 2012. These patients were analysed according to the timing of surgical intervention. The early group comprised patients who underwent surgery within the first 72 hours after being injured, whilst the late group comprised patients who underwent surgery after the first 72 hours. For analysis of neurologic improvement, patients who had completed a follow-up of at least six months were assessed. Other outcomes analysed were hospitalisation periods, complications and mortality. A total of 595 patients were identified (456 men and 139 women at an average age of 41.4 years), with 212 in the early group and 383 in the late group. Patients in both groups had made a significant neurologic improvement in the final follow-up, but no statistically significant difference was noted between groups. Patients in the early group had a significantly shorter hospital stay (15.4 vs. 18.3 days, p

Objective To investigate the effect of neurotrophin-3 on the expressions of SOD and MDA in the injured spinal cord of rats.

To retrospectively analyze the treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis using minimally invasive and open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF), and compare the clinical results of two techniques.From June 2006 to May 2010, 371 patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis grade 1 and 2 were treated with TLIF, pedicle screw fixation and followed up. The mean age was 50.4 years (range, 37 - 85 years). There were 172 patients who underwent minimally invasive TLIF and percutaneous pedicle screw fixation were set as the MIS-TLIF group, 199 patients who underwent open TLIF and pedicle screw fixation were set as the OTLIF group. The operative time, blood loss, X-ray exposure time and complications were compared between the two groups. Clinical outcome was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) and the Oswestry disability index (ODI). Fusion rates were determined by using CT scan reconstruction and dynamic lumbar radiography in last fellow-up.The average follow-up duration was 32.7 months with a range of 12-58 months. The gender, age, classification of spondylolisthesis and level of fusion showed a identical pattern in both groups. The mean intra-operative blood loss (310 ± 75) ml and postoperative blood loss (38 ± 13) ml in MIS-TLIF group were significantly superior to the intra-operative blood loss (623 ± 156) ml and postoperative blood loss (184 ± 72) ml in OTLIF group (t = 2.836 and 3.274, P0.01). Comparing with the OTLIF group (20 ± 10) s, the MIS-TLIF group had a significantly longer radiation time (51 ± 19) s (t = 2.738, P0.01). There was no statistical difference in operating time, lower back pain VAS scores, ODI scores and incidence of complication between the two groups.Comparing with open TLIF, minimally invasive TLIF is a safe and reliable procedure for treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis grade 1 and 2 with potential advantages.

The pathologic changes of demyelination after spinal cord injury (SCI) significantly impair functional recovery of lesioned spinal cord. At present, transplantation of myelinating cells is regarded as a promising strategy for treating demyelination following SCI. Hence, the In vitro culture and growth, differentiation and proliferation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) were intensively investigated in this study.In vitro cells from cerebral cortices of neonatal rats were primarily cultured and OPCs were then separated by shaking process and differential adhesion. Following cultured in the conditional medium, growth pattern and differentiation of OPCs were continuously studied by both light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, maturation of OPCs was detected immunochemically and proliferative ability of OPCs In vitro was also evaluated by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay.The distinct stratification of glial cells usually developed around 9-10 days in the primary culture. The OPCs were found primarily living on the surface of confluent astrocytes and these cells typically displayed the simple appearance of immature cells. Furthermore, the OPCs progressively developed in the conditional medium, and these differentiated cells underwent dramatic changes of morphology and also expressed different specific markers. Moreover, the OPCs also proved by MTT assay to proliferate significantly while cultured In vitro.Demyelination prevents recovery of neural function following SCI. Demyelination has already become a potential therapeutic target for this insidious and challenging problem. The In vitro culture and biological characteristics of OPCs are fundamental and necessary for further investigation of cell transplantation in vivo. Growth pattern, differentiation and proliferation are very vital for therapeutical effects of OPCs following transplantation after SCI.

To investigate risks and clinical effects of operative treatment for cervical vertebral fracture and dislocation associated with unilateral vertebral artery injury.This group consisted of 76 cases of closed cervical spine trauma combined with unilateral vertebral artery injury (23 cases of bilateral facet dislocation, 28 unilateral facet dislocation and 25 fracture). All patients underwent prospective examination of cervical spine MRI and vertebral artery two-dimensional time-of-flight (2D TOF) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), and anterior cervical decompression. The healthy vertebral artery paths were evaluated before the surgery, and were protected during the surgery according to the anatomical signs.There were no acute or chronic clinical damage symptoms in 76 cases after surgery. No neural damage symptoms were observed in patients with normal neural functions. The neural functions of incomplete paralyzed patients were improved in different grades.Reliable anterior operation can produce good results for cervical fracture and dislocation with unilateral vertebral artery injury. Detecting the course of uninjured vertebral artery before operation and locating the anatomical site during operation are effective to avoid damaging vertebral artery of uninjured side.

Acellular spinal cord was prepared through chemical extraction, and its biocompatibility was studied. Acellular scaffolds have been developed from various materials for tissue reconstruction, except for spinal cord. The objective of this study was to prepare acellular spinal cord and examine the biocompatibility of the scaffold. This study was conducted at the Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China. The morphology of the acellular segments was revealed by scanning electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and hematoxylin and eosin stain. Biocompatibility was studied by immunohistochemistry. Results show that in spinal cord scaffolds, cells, myelin sheath and axon of nerve fibers were eliminated, and three-dimensional supports of extracellular matrix were reserved. The component analytical results of the acellular spinal cord indicate that they contain laminin, fibronectin and collagen, which can facilitate and induce the regeneration of injured nerves, and enhance the adhesion and proliferation of cells. The acellular spinal cord has a three-dimensional structure and excellent biocompatibility. Our data indicate that acellular spinal cord has certain biological properties and it may be a potential alternative scaffold for spinal cord tissue engineering.