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BackgroundMalnutrition and sarcopenia are common in elderly gastric cancer patients, which are also interrelated and affect each other. We aimed to determine the characteristics of coexistence of malnutrition and sarcopenia in the elderly gastric cancer patients and investigate the predictive roles of malnutrition and sarcopenia on clinical outcomes.MethodsBetween 2014 and 2019, a total of 742 elderly gastric cancer patients were enrolled. Malnutrition and sarcopenia were diagnosed according to the most recent diagnostic criteria. Patients were divided into four groups according to presence of these two symptoms. Clinical characteristics, short- and long-term outcomes were compared among four groups. The independent risk factors for complications and survival were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsOf all patients, 34.8% were diagnosed with malnutrition and 34.0% were diagnosed with sarcopenia. Patients with both malnutrition and sarcopenia had the highest rate of total (P < 0.001), surgical (P = 0.003), and medical complications (P = 0.025), and the highest postoperative hospital stays (P < 0.001) and hospitalization costs (P < 0.001). They also had the worst overall survival (P < 0.0001) and disease-free survival (P < 0.0001). Sarcopenia and Charlson Comorbidity Index (≥2) were independent risk factors for total complications. Hypoalbuminemia and malnutrition were non-tumor-related independent risk factors for overall survival and disease-free survival.ConclusionsMalnutrition and sarcopenia had superimposed negative effects on elderly gastric cancer patients. Preoperative geriatric evaluation including screening for malnutrition and sarcopenia are recommended for all elderly gastric cancer patients for accurate treatment strategy.

Malnutrition is common in the patients with gastric cancer. Radical gastrectomy remained the primary strategy of curable treatment for gastric cancer. This study is performed to explore the effect of laparoscopic radical gastrectomy on clinical outcomes in gastric cancer patients with malnutrition.Gastric cancer patients with GLIM-defined malnutrition between 2014 and 2019 at our center were enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups according to the different type of surgery. Propensity score match analysis was used to balance the clinicopathologic characteristics of two groups. Postoperative outcomes and survival were compared. Multivariate analysis was used to independent risk factors of complication, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS).Compared with patients underwent open radical gastrectomy, patients who underwent laparoscopic radical gastrectomy had lower rate of total, surgical and severe complications. They also had shorter postoperative hospital stay with better OS and DFS. Hypoalbuminemia (P = 0.003) was the independent risk factor of complications. Old age (≥75, P = 0.035) and TNM stage (III: P 0.001, II: P = 0.015) were the independent risk factors of OS. Combined resection (P = 0.003) and TNM stage (III: P 0.001, II: P = 0.001) posed independent risk factors of lacking DFS. Laparoscopic surgery proved to be the independent protective factor of complications (P = 0.014), OS (P 0.001) and DFS (P 0.001).Laparoscopic radical gastrectomy was relative safe and showed favorable outcomes in malnourished gastric cancer patients.

Myosteatosis and sarcopenia are forms of muscle depletion that impair the normal physiological function of elderly patients, resulting in a worse prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of sarcopenia and myosteatosis on postoperative outcomes in elderly patients with colorectal cancer.From February 2015 to March 2021, a total of 921 elderly patients who underwent curative surgeries for colorectal cancer at 2 centers were enrolled and grouped by the presence of either myosteatosis or sarcopenia. Clinicopathological characteristics and postoperative outcomes were compared between the 2 groups. The independent risk factors for complications and overall survival were evaluated.Patients with myosteatosis had higher incidences of total and surgical complications, longer surgical duration, lower numbers of lymph nodes harvested, and longer postoperative hospital stays. Patients with sarcopenia had higher incidences of total complications, medical complications, and shorter surgical durations. Both conditions had adverse effects on overall survival and disease-free survival. Overweight status (P = .004), hypoalbuminemia (P.001), myosteatosis, (P = .029) and sarcopenia (P = .017) were independent risk factors for total complications. Hypoalbuminemia (P = .035), myosteatosis (P = .003), sarcopenia (P = .027), and tumor-nodes-metastasis stage (≥Ⅲ; P.001) were independent negative prognostic factors for overall survival.Myosteatosis and sarcopenia have different characteristics and are associated with poor prognoses in elderly patients with colorectal cancer. Myosteatosis occurs more frequently. Early diagnosis and intervention for myosteatosis should be included in preoperative management, which may improve prognosis in elderly patients.

BACKGROUND The relationships between sarcopenia and postoperative outcomes in patients with early-stage gastric cancer who undergo radical gastrectomy is unclear. We aimed to investigate the predictive value of sarcopenia on adverse outcomes for stage I gastric cancer. METHODS The clinical data of patients who underwent radical gastrectomy for stage I gastric cancer between July 2013 and May 2019 were prospectively collected. Basic sarcopenia components were measured preoperatively. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to evaluate the risk factors for short- and long-term outcomes. RESULTS A total of 507 patients with early-stage gastric cancer were included in the study, and 73 (14.4%) patients were diagnosed as sarcopenia. Patients with sarcopenia had significantly higher incidence of postoperative complications (32.9% vs. 17.5%, P = 0.002), longer postoperative hospital stays (13 days vs. 12 days, P

The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of substituting handgrip strength (HGS) for muscle mass as a constituent in the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) to diagnose malnourished patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancer.The study included 2209 patients diagnosed with GI cancer from two centers. All patients were evaluated for nutritional risk using Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 within 24 h of admission. The GLIM consensus was then used to diagnose malnourished patients. The evaluation of muscle mass as one of the constituents contained in the GLIM consensus was measured by computed tomography presented as skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and HGS, respectively. Consistency test was carried out to evaluate the diagnostic value of SMI and HGS.There were 1042 (47.2%) cases of gastric cancer and 1167 (52.8%) cases of colorectal cancer. Among these cases were 768 patients (34.8%) at nutritional risk. Furthermore, 603 (27.3%) and 593 patients (26.8%) were diagnosed with malnutrition in the GLIM (SMI) group and the GLIM (HGS) group, respectively, and 544 (24.6%) patients in the two groups overlapped. The consistency test results showed that the κ value in the GLIM (HGS) group compared with the GLIM (SMI) group was 0.881 (P0.001) in patients with gastric cancer and 0.872 (P0.001) in those with colorectal cancer.HGS can be a substitute for muscle mass as a constituent in the diagnostic criteria of GLIM in patients with GI cancer.

Objective Although there is international consensus regarding the importance of cachexia, no tools exist, to our knowledge, for cachexia screening among patients with cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether patients with cancer and cachexia could be identified using the four most commonly used nutritional screening tools: the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), the Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS)-2002, the Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST), and the Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire (SNAQ). Methods Clinical data were prospectively collected for patients who underwent elective radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer in two large centers between August 2014 and February 2018. Patients were also screened using the MUST, NRS-2002, MST, and SNAQ tools. The screening results were subsequently compared with the international consensus diagnostic criteria for cancer cachexia. Results A total of 1001 patients were evaluated, including 363 patients (36.3%) with cancer cachexia. Among the patients “at nutritional risk” based on each tool, the proportions of cachexia were 87.3% for the MUST tool, 84.3% for the MST tool, 76.6% for the NRS-2002 tool, and 54.3% for the SNAQ tool. The MST tool provided the largest area under the curve for identifying cancer cachexia (0.914; P Conclusion Among the tools examined, the MST had the greatest ability to detect cancer cachexia among patients with gastric cancer.

Aim Mitochondrial dysfunction during aging is a key factor that contributes to sarcopenia. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been increasingly recognized to regulate mitochondrial function. The present study aimed to investigate the role of Nrf2 in the development of frailty and sarcopenia during aging, and to demonstrate whether Nrf2 contributes to the maintenance of muscle mass and function by regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics during the aging process. Methods Young (5–6 months), middle-aged (11-13 months), old (20–24 months) Nrf2−/− (knockout, KO) mice and age-matched wild-type (WT) C57/BL6 mice were used in this study. Physical function of the mice in the 6 groups was assessed by grip strength test, four paw inverted hanging test, rotarod analysis, open field analysis, and treadmill endurance test. Muscle mass was measured by cross-sectional area (CSA) of tibialis anterior muscles and gastrocnemius muscle weight. The frailty status of the 25 old WT mice and 23 old KO mice were assessed based on the mouse frailty phenotype assessment. Expression levels of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis (nuclear respiratory factor 1 (Nrf1), peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM)) and mitochondrial dynamics (optic atrophy protein 1 (Opa1), mitofusin 1 (Mfn1), mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)) were measured in the skeletal muscle. SDH staining was performed and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number was measured. Transmission electron microscopy was used to measure the mitochondria number and morphology. Results Physical function and muscle mass decreased during aging. The mRNA expression levels of Nrf2 decreased with increasing frailty phenotype scores in the old WT mice. There were minimal differences in the physical function and muscle mass between the WT and KO mice in the young groups, whereas Nrf2 deficiency caused a declined physical function and muscle mass in the middle-aged and old mice, and exacerbated frailty in the old mice. The decreases of the physical function and muscle mass were accompanied by the reduced expression levels of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics, as well as a reduction of mitochondrial number, mitochondrial content, mtDNA copy number, and an impaired mitochondria morphology in the skeletal muscle. Conclusion Nrf2 deficiency exacerbated frailty and sarcopenia during aging, at least partially by impairing skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics in an age-dependent manner.

The association between sarcopenia and postoperative outcomes in patients who undergo laparoscopic-assisted gastrectomy is unclear. We aimed to determine the predictive value of sarcopenia for adverse postoperative outcomes after laparoscopic-assisted gastrectomy for gastric cancer.We prospectively collected the clinical data of patients who underwent elective radical laparoscopic-assisted gastrectomy for gastric cancer in two large centers from August 2014 to October 2017. The third lumbar vertebra skeletal muscle index, handgrip strength, and 6-m usual gait speed were measured to diagnose sarcopenia. Subsequently, we aimed to identify the risk factors for postoperative complications.The study included 313 patients and 37 (11.8%) patients were classified as sarcopenic. Compared with non-sarcopenic patients, sarcopenic patients were significantly older (P 0.001), had higher nutritional risk screening 2002 scores (P = 0.013), Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) scores (P = 0.033), and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (P = 0.004), and lower body mass index (P 0.001), preoperative serum albumin (P 0.001), and hemoglobin (P 0.001). Sarcopenic patients had higher postoperative complication rate (P = 0.002), longer postoperative hospital stays (P = 0.020) and higher total cost of hospitalization (P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that CCI score ≥1 (odds ratio [OR]: 2.424, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.309-4.487; P = 0.005) and sarcopenia (OR: 2.752, 95% CI: 1.274-5.944; P = 0.010) were independent risk factors for short-term postoperative complications.Sarcopenia is an independent clinical predictor of short-term postoperative complications after laparoscopic-assisted gastrectomy.

In this paper, endoscope with aided lens was designed for observation of fire-fighting foam. Firstly, water-proof and corrosion-resistant endoscope was completed according to the foam’s characteristics. Then, aided lens for clear observation was designed corresponding to the endoscope’s lens system. Secondly, the fire-fighting foam was produced using low expansion foam extinguishing system and observed through endoscope with aided lens. Finally, the data were analyzed considering the foam’s drainage process. This endoscope with aided lens could be used to describe foam’s interior structure’s evolution including foam drainage, film rupture and bubble coarsening.

A failure investigation has been conducted on high carbon microalloyed steel used in engine fracture splitting con-rods. The fracture occurred when the as-rolled bars are cut down. The study involved the in-depth examination of the chemical composition, microstructures, mechanical properties and fracture morphologies of specimens from failed bars. Results indicated that the chemical composition of the as-rolled material, microstructure, and mechanical properties are within the range of the technical specification. Microstructure is ferrite-pearlite with dominance of pearlite due to the relatively high carbon content. SEM of fracture surfaces of failed as-rolled bars illustrates that the fractography is cleavage steps and river line pattern. It indicates that failure mode is brittle and the mechanism of fracture is cleavage. Microfracturography shows sulphur inclusions and oxides are the fracture initiation. The continuous network proeutectoid ferrite at the edge of fracture bar will prodigiously improve the brittleness and quickly bring stress concentration under dynamic loading conditions. Furthermore, coarseness and narrowband shape ferrite will induce to decrease toughness.

The interest in the effect of firefighting foams on the environment has increased. Biodegradation is an important influencing factor when considering the environmental effect of firefighting foams. In this paper, an evaluation system based on CO2 evolution method was established to evaluate the biodegradation of Class A foams, and the biodegradation of three kinds of Class A foams were compared. The results show that both aniline and sodium benzoate can be employed as reference compounds using CO2 evolution method. Three kinds of Class A foams had biodegradation rates of 88.64%, 85.27% and 88.62% respectively after 28 days, which means they are easily biodegradable. Data from different test methods could not be compared directly.

Firefighting foam is highly effective in suppressing and extinguishing liquid fuel fires. As the concern of its environmental impacts growing, it is necessary to evaluate its biodegradation in the environment. This article briefly introduces the concept, classification, and the main component of firefighting foam. Also the principle, general process, basis mechanism of the biodegradation of firefighting foam are discussed. There is no standard test methods focusing on the biodegradation of firefighting foam, also relative research and reports are less. Limited research data abroad shows that the biodegradability of some foams are very low, and protein based foams may not easier to biodegrade than synthetic based foams.

The microstructure and precipitates of the V-N microalloyed steels whose carbon content were respectively 0.27% and 0.35%, were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). It is shown that the microstructures of the test steels are all composed of ferrite and pearlite, the area percent of ferrite decreases from 49% to 40% and the grain size also descends from 8.96μm to 8.61μm with the increase of carbon content. TEM results show that the precipitates in two kinds of steels all include a large amount of 10~20nm dispersion distribution irregular flake VC, the part of fibrous VC that grows toward to intragranular ferrite along the grain boundary in the local area, and only a small amount of spherical VN or V (C, N). When the carbon content increases from 0.27% to 0.35%, the number of the spherical VN or V(C,N) increases obviously and the size of it varies from 20~100nm to 45~105nm, while the number of flake VC and fibrous VC decreases significantly and the length of fibrous VC shortens from several micrometers to nanometer size. Experimental results indicate that most of the spherical VN or V (C, N) firstly appear in austenite, then the flake VN and fibrous VN with precipitation strength effect emerge in ferrite during the following γ→α transformation and cooling process. The increase of carbon content can lead to the increase of driving force that VN or V (C, N) firstly appear in austenite, which results in the significant increase of ferrite nucleation rate and the refinement of microstructure.

The microstructure and precipitate of the two kinds of medium-carbon vanadium microalloyed steels whose nitrogen contents were 0.0035% and 0.012% respectively, were studied by image analysis and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results show there are the large amount of 10~20nm dispersion distribution irregular flake VC precipitates within the ferrite, the part of clustered fibrous VC precipitates with the diameter of 4~13nm that grow toward to ferrite intracrystalline along the grain boundary with some angle in the local area, and only a very small amount of 20 ~ 50nm spherical particles V (C, N) in the low-nitrogen steel. However, in the high-nitrogen steel, the precipitates are divided into two stages: the first stage is the part of 30~80nm spherical particles V(C, N) which precipitation in austenite, the second stage is flakiness VC which precipitation in ferrite during the following γ → α phase transformation and cooling process. Compared with the low-nitrogen steel, the number of precipitates in decreased significantly and the size increased obviously in the high-nitrogen steel. The substantial increase of nitrogen content leads to the rapid increase of driving force that V (C, N) precipitation in austenite. A lot of V (C, N) that precipitation before phase transformation results in the significant increase of ferrite nucleation rate, which leads to the microstructure of high-nitrogen steel fined obviously.

The effect of cooling rates after finish rolling on microstructure and properties of high strength medium carbon microalloyed steels used for fracture splitting con-rods was investigated using the methods of optical microscopy, SEM and TEM, etc. The results show that high cooling rate after finish rolling can increase the percentage of pearlite, reduce the grain size of ferrite and lamellar spacing of pearlite. The precipitations in the steel are composite phases of (V,Ti)(C,N), etc. Their granularity are about 30-170nm, and they will decrease with the speeding up cooling. The yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) are improved with increasing the cooling rate. The impact fracture surface shows distinct brittle fracture character.

The fracture splitting method is being increasingly used for manufacturing connecting rods that are made of the powder forging material, high-carbon steel, etc., which are comparatively easy to fracture, in order to improve the accuracy and productivity. In this paper, a microalloyed high carbon steel used for fracture splitting connecting rod is developed by the process “EAF-EBT-LF-CC-CR”. The steel microstructure, nonmetallic inclusions, precipitated phases, mechanical property and fracture surfaces are investigated by microscope, SEM and TEM. The results show that the steel is constituted of pearlite and a small mount of ferrite, the nonmetallic inclusions in the steel include MnS, Al-rich (taken to be Al2O3) and Al-Ca-rich (taken to be CaO-Al2O3) particles. The precipitations mainly are VC, VN, (Mn, Cu)S, etc. these precipitations are beneficial to fine the pearlite group, short lamellar spacing of pearlite and improve the strengthening of the microalloyed high carbon steel. The tensile tests indicate that the microalloyed high carbon steel has high yield strength, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), but low elongation and contraction of area. It is required for heavier loads, higher performance of automobile engine and less distortion on fracture splitting. The fracture surface of connecting rod shows distinct brittle fracture character and it is beneficial to improve fracture splitting performance.

Two hundred and forty five human blood (whole blood) samples from Chinese donors aged from 0 to 90 yrs were analyzed for 10 perfluorinated compounds (PFCs). Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were the most abundant PFCs found in blood. The median concentration of PFOS was lower in nonadults (i.e., infants, toddlers, children, and adolescents) (2.52-5.55 ng/mL) than in adults (8.07 ng/mL). However, median concentration of PFOA in nonadults (1.23-2.42 ng/mL) was higher than that found in adults (1.01 ng/mL). A significant increase in PFOS (r = 0.468, p < 0.01) and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) (r = 0.357, p < 0.01) concentrations with age was found, while PFOA concentrations (r = -0.344, p < 0.01) were negatively correlated with age. No significant gender-related differences in PFC concentrations were found across all ages. The composition profiles of PFCs, as identified by principal component analysis, varied for each age group; this suggested differences in sources and pathways of exposure to PFCs for different age groups. Based on the blood PFC concentration, we estimated the daily intake of PFOS by adults using a one-compartment toxicokinetic model. The modeled daily intake of PFOS agreed well with the calculated daily intake via diet and indoor dust (0.74 vs 1.19 ng/kg b.w. for males, 1.20 vs 1.15 ng/kg b.w. for females) suggesting that dietary intake and dust ingestion are the major exposure routes to PFOS exposure in China. This is the first comprehensive study on PFCs in human blood from infants, toddlers, children, and adolescents in China. The data are valuable for understanding the sources and pathways of human exposure to PFCs for different age groups.

The effect of aging temperature on erosion-corrosion (E-C) behavior of 17-4PH stainless steels in dilute sulphuric acid slurry containing solid particles was studied by using self-made rotating E-C apparatus. The effect of impact velocity on E-C behavior of 17-4PH steels at different aging temperatures was analyzed. Surface micrographs of the specimens after E-C test were observed by using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that under the condition of the same solution heat treatment, when aging temperature ranged from 400 °C to 610 °C, the hardness reached the highest value near the temperature 460 °C. The characteristics of E-C for 17-4PH stainless steels at different aging temperatures were as follows: pure erosion (wear) was dominant, corrosion was subordinate and at the same time corrosion promoted erosion. The effect of aging temperature on E-C rate of 17-4PH steels was not significant at low impact velocity, but it was found that E-C resistance of 17-4PH steels aged near 460 °C was the most excellent due to the best precipitation strengthening effect of fine and dispersed ɛ-Cu phase. With a prerequisite of appropriate corrosion resistance, the precipitation hardening could significantly improve the E-C resistance of the materials.

AIM: To investigate the resistance mechanism of Hp to clarithromycin. METHODS: With E-test method, we examined the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) to clarithromycin of 35 Hp clinical isolates. Resistance strains were defined when MIC 8 mg/L. Extract the DNA from the bacteria with the phenolchloroform extraction method. Then amplify the fragments from 2 047 to 2 347 of 23 S rRNA gene. Gene sequence of the PCR products was analyzed to observe the mutation in the resistant Hp strains. RESULTS: Compared with susceptible strains, No13 strain contained one point mutation (T2289C), No17 had two point mutations (G2224A, T2289C) and No22 strain had 3 point mutations (G2224A,C2245T,T2289C).The MICs of the 3 resistant Hp isolates were as follows: No13 of 8.0 mg/L, No17 of 64 mg/L, No22 of >256 mg/L. With increase of the resistance of Hp strains, the number of point mutations increased. CONCLUSION: The point-mutations at 23 S rRNA gene responsible for Hp resistance to clarithromycin have not been reported in literature either at home or abroad, demonstrating that different mechanism of Hp resistance to clarithromycin exists in different regions.

From gene lever identified the asexual stage of Taishan cordyceps.Using rDNA ITS regions as molecular targets, PCR amplification, sequencing, and comparing with the other ITS region sequences of known.Through the Blast search of GenBank, the ITS sequence is same as the sequence of Paecilomyces tenuipes (100% ).The asexual stage of Taishan cordyceps was proved through molecular biology method for the first time. The results showed that the asexual stage of Taishan cordyceps. should be Isariafarinosa, not be Hirsutella sinensis.

Seasonal variations of self-purification ability for small natural shallow lakes in South Lake Taihu were investigated. The results showed that seasonal difference of self-purification of permanganate index, total nitrogen (TN), ammonium (NH4(+)-N), nitrate (NO3(-)-N), total phosphorus (TP), chlorophyll (Chl-a) in small shallow lakes were remarkable. Effects of self-purification were better in spring and winter, and were worse in summer by NH4(+)-N and NO3(-)-N and in autumn by TP and Chl-a. Organic pollution was light, TN and TP pollution were seriously in four seasons. Concentrations of TN and TP brought a well condition to algae growth, and lakes were eutrification easily by the limiting factor of phosphorus. Concentrations of Chl-a were showed that lakes were eutrophic in summer or autumn and mesotrophic in winter or spring. Growth and blooms of phytoplankton impacted water quality and self-purification of lakes. Species and quantity of aquatic plants were the main factors to affect the change of pH and dissolved oxygen (DO), and loss of fertilizer and domestic wastewater were the main reasons for high nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in lakes. Organic nitrogen was the main portion of TN by using excessive organic fertilizer in summer, NO3(-)-N was the main portion in other seasons. The principal component analysis result showed that the three principal components of self-purification ability were phytoplankton factor (water temperature, pH, permanganate index and Chl-a), farm drainage factor (pH, DO and TN), nutrient factor (TN and TP). The cluster analysis result showed that the water quality of four seasons in 11 sampling sites of three lakes could be divided into two categories: first, in spring, autumn and winter; second, in summer. This was caused by the temperature changes and agricultural drainage. Water temperature and pH were used to calculate the concentrations of permanganate index, TN, TP, Chl-a by linear equations, which improved the quick prediction ability in locale.

In this study, 10 perfluorochemicals (PFCs) were measured in meat, meat products, and eggs, and in indoor dust, collected in China. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) were the most frequently detected PFCs in these samples. Mean concentrations of PFOS and PFOA in foodstuffs were in the range of 0.05-1.99 ng/g fresh wt and 0.06-12.5 ng/g fresh wt, respectively. The mean concentrations of PFOA, perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA), and PFOS in indoor dust were 205, 14.0, and 4.86 ng/g, dry wt, respectively. The estimated daily intake of PFOS and PFOA from meat, meat products and eggs (EDI(meateggs)) ranged from 6.00 to 9.64 ng/d and from 254 to 576 ng/d, respectively, when the values below the limit of quantitation (LOQ) were assigned as 0, and from 8.80 to 15.0 ng/d and from 255 to 577 ng/d, respectively, when the values below the LOQ were set at 1/2LOQ. The EDI(meateggs) of PFOS and PFOA increased with increasing family income. The estimated daily intake of PFOS and PFOA through inhalation of dust (EDI(dust)) ranged from 0.23 to 0.31 ng/d and from 9.68 to 13.4 ng/d, respectively. The daily intakes of PFOS and PFOA from the consumption of meat, meat products, and eggs, and from dust ingestion, as calculated from our samples in this study, were compared with estimated daily intake of PFCs reported from the concentrations in drinking water, fish and seafood from China. Our calculations indicate that dietary sources (EDI(dietary)) account for the overwhelming proportion of (99% for PFOS and 98% for PFOA) total daily intake (TDI) in adults. The analyzed foodstuffs (meat, meat products, and eggs) were not the major contributors to dietary exposure to PFOS, whereas, meat was the primary contributor to dietary exposure to PFOA.

To identify the uptake and biological distribution of technetium galactosyl human serum albumin diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid injection (99mTc-GSA) in three mouse models with different degrees of hepatic injuries.Three mouse models including hepatic fibrosis, hepatic cholestasis, and liver cancer were established. Hepatic fibrosis model was established by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride, 0.4 ml 10%, every 48 hours for 48 days. Hepatic cholestasis model was set up by ligature of the common bile duct for 72 hours, and liver cancer model by implantation of H22 tumor cells underneath liver capsule for 10 days. On measurement, each mouse in different models and normal controls was injected with 0.1 ml (0.37 MBq)99mTc-GSA (2 microg) into vena caudalis, and 5 minutes later sacrificed by decapitation. Important organs and tissues including liver, heart, lungs, kidney, spleen, stomach, blood, bones, muscles, and intestines were taken and their different radio countings were measured. The hepatic injuries were evaluated with serum and pathological examinations.99mTc-GSA was concentrated in the liver in all three models and the control mice (40% ID x g(-1)). Compared with the control mice (90.05 +/- 10.55)% ID x g(-1), the density of 99mTc-GSA was significantly lower in the models with hepatic injuries (P0.001). The liver function test indicated that the injury in hepatic fibrosis model was less serious than those in the other two models. However, the concentration of 99mTc-GSA in hepatic fibrosis model [(72.20 +/- 2.13)% ID x g(-1)] was significantly higher than those in the models with cholestasis [(56.72 +/- 5.92)% ID x g(-1)] and liver cancer [(42.80 +/- 6.05)% ID x g(-1)] (P0.001).99mTc-GSA may well concentrate in liver and its concentration degree is adversely correlated with hepatic injuries. Therefore 99mTc-GSA may be clinically used as liver imaging agent. When combined with three-dimensional scanning technique, it may facilitate constructing a new three-dimensional imaging method to demonstrate the function of designed liver segments.

To evaluate the relationship between atherosclerotic brain infarction (ABI) and human leukocyte antigen DR (HLA-DR) gene at molecular level.By using polymerase chain reaction sequence specific probe (PCR-SSP), gene special position of the HLA-II DR alleles were determined in 31 patients and 30 healthy individuals as controls, all of them were inhabitants of Northeastern China.The HLA-DR B1*0301 gene frequency in the group of ABI was obviously higher than that of control group (RR=5.6842, P0.05).The HLA-DR B1*0301 gene may be the susceptible gene of ABI in Northeastern China, or it may associate with other genes to produce the disease.

This paper uses the MOM to design longitudinal slotted-waveguide array (LSWA) with the entire-domain trigonometric functions as basis and test functions. A software with good convergence performance was developed. The aperture distribution and reflection coefficient of each waveguide can be well controlled. This paper also provides a design method for engineering application so as to reduce the computational time.