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Nanomedicine can improve the traditional disease treatment by actively targeting and enhancing the controlled release of drugs in the focus tissue in vivo, moreover the integration of diagnosis and treatment can be achieved by using tracer molecules to indicate the accumulation of nanodrugs in the focus. However ， almost all chemotherapeutic drugs and gene drugs failed to effectively treat glioblastoma (GBM) on account of the existence of blood-brain barrier (BBB) which play a role in GBM. So far, the survival rate of patients with GBM has been hardly improved. In the present study, we constructed an integrated nanoprobe based on albumin nanoparticles (NPs) for targeted diagnosis and treatment of GBM. The nanoprobe consists of albumin-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO), Carmustine (BCNU) and indocyanine green (ICG) to achieve bimodal imaging and drug delivery. And the surface-coupled Angopep-2 (ANG, TFFYGGSRGKRNNFKTEEY) polypeptide can specifically bind to low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP), which is overexpressed in BBB and GBM cells. In the in vitro experiments, we verified that the targeting ability of nanoprobes to GBM cells was significantly better than that of the control group. In addition, in the in vivo experiments, nanoprobes significantly increased the accumulation of brain tumors compared with the control group. Cell killing of GBM cells (U87MG) with ANG-BSA/BCNU/ICG magnetic NPs shows a higher inhibitory effect compared with controls. This novel targeting imaging and drug delivery system provides an efficient strategy for targeted therapy and intraoperative localization of GBM.

Infantile cholestatic hepatopathy (ICH) is a clinical syndrome characterized by the accumulation of cytotoxic bile acids in infancy, leading to serious liver cirrhosis or liver failure. The aetiology of ICH is complicated and some of them is unknown. Regardless of the aetiology, the finial pathology of ICH is hepatocyte apoptosis caused by severe and persistent cholestasis. It is already known that activation of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) could lead to the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. However, the mechanism by CaSR-mediated cholestasis-related hepatocyte apoptosis is not fully understood. Li-Dan-He-Ji (LDHJ), a Traditional Chinese Medicine prescription, was developed to treat ICH. Another aim of this study was to investigate the possible mechanisms of LDHJ in cholestasis-related hepatocyte apoptosis. Using the primary hepatocytes, we first investigated the molecular mechanism of CaSR-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis in cholestasis. Then we prepared LDHJ granules and used ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography to identify the predominant drugs; confirmed the stability of the main substances; and for cell experiments screened forsythoside-A, emodin and chlorogenic acid as the three active substances of LDHJ granules. In the young rats with ANIT-induced intrahepatic cholestasis and the primary hepatocytes with TCDC-induced cholestasis-related hepatocyte apoptosis, the levels of liver injury and cholestasis-related biomarkers, calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), hepatocyte apoptosis, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, Cytochrome-C, caspase-3, phosphorylated-c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (p-JNK)/JNK, and p-P38/P38 were all increased, while the levels of p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK)/ERK were decreased. However, LDHJ granules and its three active substances effectively reversed these changes. Furthermore, the three active substances reduced the increases in the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and ROS levels and attenuated the dissipation of the mitochondria membrane potential in the TCDC-induced primary hepatocytes. The opposite results were obtained from the TCDC-induced primary hepatocytes treated with an agonist of CaSR (GdCl3) plus forsythoside-A, emodin or chlorogenic acid. Based on the results from in vivo and in vitro studies, LDHJ functions as an antagonist of CaSR to regulate hepatocyte apoptosis in cholestasis through the mitochondrial pathway and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.

The aim of this paper was to investigate the mechanism and effect of psoralen and isopsoralen in the treatment of lipid accumulation in LO2 cells. Human LO2 cells nonalcoholic fatty liver models were established by using palmitic acid( PA). Then psoralen and isopsoralen were administered for intervention. Intracellular triglyceride( TG) and total cholesterol( TC) content,the cell supernatant alanine aminotransferase( ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase( AST) levels were determined by enzyme method. Cell supernatant proinflammatory cytokines( IL-6,TNF-α) and chemokines( IL-8,MCP-1) were determined by ELISA method. Western blot method was conducted to detect the protein expression of intracellular nuclear factor( NF-κB) p65 phosphorylation( p-p65),nonphosphorylated protein( p65),and transforming factor TGF-β1. Result showed that as compared with the model group,intracellular TG and TC levels,the cell supernatant ALT and AST levels,proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines were decreased( P0. 01,P0. 05); the p-p65/p65 ratio and TGF-β1 protein expression were also significantly decreased( P0. 01,P0. 05) in psoralen intervention group. As compared with the model cells,intracellular TG content had no significant changes,but all the other indexes were reduced( P0. 01,P0. 05) in the cells of isopsoralen intervention group. Psoralen exhibited better effect than isopsoralen( P0. 01,P0. 05). It is concluded that psoralen could improve the adipogenesis of LO2 cells induced by PA; both psoralen and isopsoralen are effective in ameliorating LO2 cells injury induced by PA,reducing inflammation via inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and down-regulating the expression of TGF-β1.

The interaction of the Trp–Sm(III) complex with herring sperm DNA (hs-DNA) was investigated with the use of acridine orange (AO) dye as a spectral probe for UV-vis spectrophotometry and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results showed that the both the Trp–Sm(III) complex and the AO molecule could intercalate into the double helix of the DNA. The Sm(III)–(Trp)3 complex was stabilized by intercalation into the DNA with binding constants: KӨ25°C = 7.14 × 105 L·mol−1 and KӨ37°C = 5.28 × 104 L·mol−1, and it could displace the AO dye from the AO–DNA complex in a competitive reaction. Computation of the thermodynamic functions demonstrates that ΔrHmӨ is the primary driving power of the interaction between the Sm(III)(Trp)3 complex and the DNA. The results from Scatchard and viscometry methods suggested that the interaction mode between the Sm(III)(Trp)3 complex and the hs-DNA is groove binding and weak intercalation binding. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The content of total nitrogen and total phosphorus of surface water in three places of Hengshui region were determined by potassium persulfate oxidation-UV spectrophotometry and ammonium molybdate spectrophotometric method, respectively. The samples were treated with alkaline potassium persulfate so that organic nitrogen contained in water could be converted into nitrate. The absorbance was measured at 220 nm and 275nm on UV spectrophotometer, The standard curve was drawn and the total nitrogen content in the samples were measured. The samples were treated with concentrated nitric acid and perchloric acid so that the phosphorus contained in water could be converted into orthophosphate. The absorbance was measured at 700nm with 722S spectrophotometer. The standard curve was drawn and the total phosphorus content in the samples were measured. The results showed that the surface water in Hengshui region such as garden, river and lake were all considerable eutrophication.

To investigate the mechanism and effect of Psoralea corylifolia(PC) in the treatment of NAFLD in juvenal mice. The NAFLD model in juvenal mice was established by feeding high-fat diet. Then PC herbal granules (at low and high dose) were administered for 5 weeks. Blood glucose (FBG, PG-1 h/2 h), blood lipid (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C), fasting insulin, liver function (ALT, AST) were examined. HOMA-IR was calculated. Hepatic histological changes were observed. The content of TG, inflammatory factor (TNF-α, IL-8) and protein expressions of CD44, NF-κB p65, p-NF-κB p65 in hepatic tissues were determined. The ratio of p-NF-κB p65 to NF-κB p65 (p-p65/p65) was calculated. The result showed that compared with the model group, both PC treatment groups showed reduction in hepatic steatosis, inflammatory cell infiltration and fibroplasia in portal area. HOMA-IR, ALT, AST, FBG, PG-2 h, TC, TG, LDL-C concentrations and hepatic TG content were also significantly decreased, with the reduction of TNF-α, IL-8 contents, CD44 expression and p-p65/p65 ratio in hepatic tissues (P0.01). High-dose PC group had a better effect than low-dose group (P0.01, P0.05). In conclusion, PC is effective in treating hepatic injury, glucolipid metabolism disturbances and fibrosis in juvenal NAFLD mice. The mechanism may be related to inhibition of inflammation and down-regulation of the activation of hepatic NF-κB.

A method for extraction of degradable polyethylene (PE) residues in soil was reported in this paper. PE powder (Mw=5000) which was taken as simulated PE residues were evenly mixed with different types of soils. The soil and PE powder mixtures were dissolved in HF:HCl acid mixture (5:2 (v/v)) for 50min at room temperature, followed by sequential washed using water, ethanol, sodium hydroxide and tetrahydrofuran at 45oC. The extraction procedure gave an average recovery rate of 82%. The results show that the soil type had no significant effect on PE recovery rate. The FT-IR spectra and the high temperature gel permeation chromatography (HT-GPC) illustrates that no significant changes in chemical structure and molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of PE after the extraction. The preliminary results obtained indicate that this method can be a new approach in studying the degradation of PE residues in soil.

SiO2/TiO2 composite mesoporous materials prepared by sol-gel method with bacterial cellulose（BC）as a surface esterification agent and porous template was as photocatalyst in the degradation of methyl orange（MO）in water under UV- irradiation. The results show that the best heat treatment condition is at 600°Cfor 3 h and the optimum content of SiO2 is 30% (30 denotes the weight percent of SiO2). The photoactivity of 30SiO2/TiO2 catalyst prepared with BC was much better than that of reference catalyst prepared with no BC. An addition of BC not only raises the adsorbability of the photocatalyst, but also effectively inhibits anatase-rutile transformation and effectively induce amorphous-anatase transformation of TiO2. The BET surface area of 30%SiO2/TiO2 composite mesoporous materials was the largest. The resulting mesoporous materials showed a high photocatalytic activity for the photodegradation of methyl orange in the UV-irradiation.

The extraction of polyethylene residue components in soil was presented in this work, where polyethylene (PE) powder (Mw=5598) was taken as a simulated polyethylene residue, and decalin was as an excellent solvent. The effects of times of reflux extraction, total extraction time and soil type on the extraction ratio were investigated, aimed at finding out the optimum extraction condition. Results show that the optimum extraction ratio achieves up to 90 % (w/w) at 100 after extraction for 20 mins thrice. Meanwhile, the times of reflux extraction has the most significant influence on extraction ratio, followed by the total extraction time. However, soil type has little influence. The FTIR spectra illustrates that the structure of PE is not destroyed during the extraction. However, the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution test show the average molecular weight of PE decreases after the extraction, which is possibly caused by the degradation of PE.

In calculating the internal force and deformation of a thin-walled member, the influence of the free torsion rigidity must be considered and it makes the study complicated. Actually, from the analogy relations between the equilibrium equation in the constraint torsion theory of a thin-walled member and that in the plane bending theory of a tension-bending solid bar, the action of the free torsion rigidity can be regarded as a tension effect on a thin-walled member with torsion, i.e. the action can be described as a second-order effect like the tension action in the plane bending theory. Taking cantilever bars for example, the simple calculation method of the internal force and deformation of thin-walled members are deduced by the Taylor series in mathematics, and then verified by ANSYS.

In order to evaluate and predict the behaviors of concrete structures under the normal atmospheric conditions, a new similarity experimental method is presented which can evaluate the field performance of reinforced concrete (RC) structures by measuring the structure in the artificial accelerated environment. The causes of concrete structural damage and the social harm caused by the RC structural durability failure were analyzed. The current status of concrete carbonation was described. The method establishes the similarity-relationship of performance changing between the field and the accelerated environmental conditions by contrasting and analyzing the behaviors changing under both environments, and realizes the effective and exact estimate to the field structures from the indoor accelerated experiments. It brings forward a new way of thinking to test the RC structures under the atmospheric conditions.

T-struts subject to centroid compression buckle flexural-torsionally about their axis of symmetry. When the force is applied at the shear center of the section, T-struts buckle either flexurally or torsionally without coupling of flexure with twisting. Although the buckling load about the symmetry-axis of shear center loading is greater than that of centroid loading, the design capacity of T-struts with defect such as fabrication error, load eccentricity and residual stress decrease by shifting the working line of a T-section compression chord to the shear center. This feature is not well known to designer of constructional steel. This article presents the equivalent slenderness ratio method, a new method for the design of T-struts subject to compressive force, introduces another three methods including the one presented by Shaofan Chen, the one in code and the one in ANSYS, contrasts the calculation results of those four methods and recommends the implementation of equivalent slenderness ratio method in the design of T-struts subject to compressive force.

T-struts subject to centroid compression buckle flexural-torsionally about their axis of symmetry. When the force is applied at the shear center of the section, T-struts buckle either flexurally or torsionally without coupling of flexure with twisting. Although the buckling load of shear center loading is greater than that of centroid loading, i.e. T-struts in elastic stage provide larger resistance to buckling about their axis of symmetry when the compression is applied at the shear center in lieu of the centroid of the section, T-struts with defect such as fabrication error, load eccentricity and residual stress always buckles in the elastic-plastic range actually, and the design capacity decrease by shifting the working line of a T-section compression chord to the shear center. That peculiarity is verified by the nonlinear buckling analysis of T-struts models in ANSYS.

In order to evaluate and predict the behaviors of concrete structures under the environmental conditions, such as temperature, chloride invasion and earthquake effectively, a new experimental method is presented which can evaluate the field performance of reinforced concrete (RC) structures by measuring the structure in the artificial accelerated environment. The method establishes the similarity-relationship of performance changing between the field and the accelerated environmental conditions by contrasting and analyzing the behaviors changing under both environments, and realizes the effective and exact estimate to the field structures from the indoor accelerated experiments. It brings forward a new way of thinking to test the RC structures under the environmental conditions. We explain the implemental process of the design by taking the experimental design of multi-environment time similarity methodology on RC structures under the chloride invasion as an example.

Objective: Glypican-3 (GPC3) is reported to be an oncofetal protein that is a useful diagnostic immunomarker for hepatoblastoma. However, the results are not inclusive. This study systemically investigated the association between expression of GPC3 and pediatric hepatoblastoma. Methods: Clinical studies evaluating the association were identified using a predefined search strategy. GPC3 immunohistochemistry was applied in the pathological diagnosis of hepatoblastoma using the monoclonal antibodies with formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens. Positive predictive rates for the association between expression of GPC3 and pediatric hepatoblastoma were calculated. Results: Specimens from four clinical studies which including 134 patients with pediatric hepatoblastoma tested by GPC3 immunohistochemistry were considered eligible for inclusion. Systemic analysis showed that, in all patients, pooled positive predictive rate of the association between expression of GPC3 and pediatric hepatoblastoma was 95.5% (128/134). Conclusion: This systemic analysis suggests that the expression of glypican-3 is highly associated with the diagnosis of pediatric hepatoblastoma.

The interaction of the Trp-Sm(III) complex with herring sperm DNA (hs-DNA) was investigated with the use of acridine orange (AO) dye as a spectral probe for UV-vis spectrophotometry and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results showed that the both the Trp-Sm(III) complex and the AO molecule could intercalate into the double helix of the DNA. The Sm(III)-(Trp)3 complex was stabilized by intercalation into the DNA with binding constants: K(Ө)25°C = 7.14 × 10(5) L·mol(-1) and K(Ө) 37°C = 5.28 × 10(4) L·mol(-1), and it could displace the AO dye from the AO-DNA complex in a competitive reaction. Computation of the thermodynamic functions demonstrates that Δr Hm (Ө) is the primary driving power of the interaction between the Sm(III)(Trp)3 complex and the DNA. The results from Scatchard and viscometry methods suggested that the interaction mode between the Sm(III)(Trp)3 complex and the hs-DNA is groove binding and weak intercalation binding.

To investigate the expression of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the effect of emodin on FXR expression in a rat model of acute cholestatic hepatitis.Ninety adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control, model, and emodin groups (n=30 each). The model and emodin groups were given alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) 50 mg/kg by gavage to establish an animal model of cholestatic hepatitis, while the normal control group was given an equal volume of sesame oil. The emodin group was given emodin by gavage every day from 4 days before the model was prepared until the time of sacrifice, while the model and normal control groups were given an equal volume of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution. At 24, 48 and 72 hours after the model was prepared, serum level of total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and total bile acids (TBA) were measured by Aeroset automatic biochemical analyzer, and the mRNA expression of FXR in the liver tissue was measured by real-time PCR.At all time points FXR mRNA expression in the model group decreased, but serum levels of TB, DB, ALT and TBA increased significantly compared with the normal control group (P0.05). The emodin group had significantly higher mRNA expression of FXR and significantly lower serum levels of TB, DB, ALT, and TBA compared with the model group (P0.05).Emodin can significantly reduce serum levels of TB, DB, ALT, and TBA in rats with ANIT-induced cholestatic hepatitis, probably by promoting FXR expression.

To supply necessary bacteria and available nutrients, a method of returning backwashing wastewater to the bio-filter for removal of iron and manganese was used. The ecological stability of bio-filter was investigated from 3 aspects: iron and manganese removal efficiency, micro-ecological characteristics and the quantity distribution of dominant bacteria. The results indicated that, the bio-filter held strong antishock loading capability, when the system was operated at high filtration rate (10-13.9 m/h) and high manganese concentration (3.5-4.5 mg/L), a removal rate more than 98.9% of iron and manganese was achieved. Iron and manganese oxidizing bacteria are the dominant microflora in biological filtering layer, they not only adhere on filter sand materials (4.3 x 10(6) MPN/mL) to form compact biofilm, but also exist among filter materials void (6.5 x 10(6) MPN/mL) to form suspended flocs, which is very important to complete removal of iron and manganese. In the past 5 years, the bio-filter realized a continuous and stable operation and kept a high removal efficiency of iron and manganese without adding any nutrients.

The adsorption and desorption properties of β-cyclodextrin polymer (β-CDP) for 4-cresol were investigated. Studies concerning the effects of pH, contact time and initial 4-cresol concentration were presented and discussed. Results of batch experiments showed that this adsorbent exhibited some sorption capacities toward 4-cresol. It was found that kinetics followed a Ho and McKay equation and isotherm fitted Freundlich model for the adsorption of 4-cresol on β-CDP. The regeneration capacity of β-CDP was so strong that it could be used as a kind of recyclable adsorbent.

Batch adsorption experiments were carried out for the removal of aniline from aqueous solutions using β-cyclodextrin polymer (β-CDP). Studies concerning the effects of contact time and initial aniline concentration were presented and discussed. Results of batch experiments showed that this adsorbent exhibited some sorption capacities toward aniline. It was found that kinetic followed a pseudo 2 nd order (Ho and McKay) equation, suggesting that the rate-limiting step may be chemisorption. Equilibrium isotherm data were analyzed according to Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) equations. The D-R isotherm gave the best correlation for the adsorption of aniline on β-CDP. The negative value of free energy change indicated the spontaneous nature of adsorption. Keywords-adsorption; cyclodextrin; aniline; cyclodextrin polymer; crosslinkers form an insoluble polymer which exhibits specific adsorption based on inclusion complex formation (7). The most characteristic feature of β-CD is the ability to form inclusion compounds with various organic molecules through host-guest interactions: the interior cavity of the molecule provides a relatively hydrophobic environment into which an apolar pollutant can be trapped. The other interesting features of β-CD polymer were the chemical stability of the polymers and reproducibility of the values. We now report the removal abilities of cross-linked β- cyclodextrin polymer (β-CDP) as an adsorbent for aniline. The contact time, initial aniline concentration, adsorption kinetic and isotherms study on aniline adsorption on β-CDP are investigated in detail. This study will contribute to an understanding of the aniline adsorption mechanism using β- CDP as the adsorbent.

To search for an effective therapy for infantile anorexia.Sixty-two cases of infantile anorexia were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group, 31 cases in each group. The treatment group were treated with chiropractics plus acupuncture at Sifeng (EX-UE 10), and the control group with oral administration of zinc gluconate granules made by the pharmaceutical factory of the hospital, for 2 weeks.The effective rate was 93.5% in the treatment group, which was better than 74.2% in the control group (P0.05); there were significant differences in blood zinc content and urinary amylase activity in the two groups before and after treatment (P0.01), with more significant increase in the treatment group as compared with the control group (P0.05).Chiropractics combined with acupuncture at Sifeng (EX-UE 10) has a better therapeutic effect on infantile anorexia.

The complexation of trimethoprim (TMP) with beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) was studied. UV-spectrophotometry and phase-solubility techniques were employed to investigate the complexation behaviour in liquid medium, and to demonstrate that the aqueous solubility of TMP increased 2.2-fold due to complexation with beta-CD. Solid samples prepared by co-evaporation (in 2 wt% acetic acid solution) have also been studied, using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), to assess the formation of the inclusion complex. The water content of the complex and beta-CD was determined using thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). In vitro dissolution analysis indicated that dissolution properties of TMP/beta-CD complex were superior compared to both pure TMP and the corresponding physical mixture of TMP and beta-CD.

The behavior of trimethoprim (TMP) in aqueous solutions containing different concentration of beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) was characterized by the solubility method, UV spectrophotometry and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The UV spectra enhancement of TMP as result of complex with beta-CD was investigated. Complexation with beta-CD increase the TMP aqueous solubility and the phase solubility diagram was A(L) type. Thermodynamic parameters of the complex process, K, DeltaG, DeltaH and DeltaS, were determined from the phase solubility diagram at 298 and 318 K, respectively. The experimental results indicated that the complex process was an enthalpy-driven process. Mechanism of the complex of beta-CD with TMP was further discussed using the molecular model program. Results showed that the 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl group of the TMP was partly embedded in the cavity of beta-CD.

The title compound, C19H13Br2NO2S, was synthesized by N-alkylation of 4-methylbenzenesulfonyl chloride with 3,6-dibromo-9H-carbazole. The carbazole ring system is essentially planar, with a mean deviation of 0.024 Å, and makes a dihedral angle of 75.46 (9)° with the plane of the benzene ring.

Two independent molecules constitute the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C19H15NO2S, which was synthesized by N-alkylation of 4-methylbenzenesulfonyl chloride with carbazole. The carbazole ring system is essentially planar and forms a dihedral angle with the benzene ring of 85.1 (7)° [83.9 (7)° for the second molecule]. In the crystal structure, weak C—H...O interactions are observed.