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La Nina phenomena have significant impact on extreme weather and marine disasters in China. Large-scale water transport is one of the primary factors affecting the development of La Nina events; however, the contribution of swell transport from the Southern Ocean to the sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) in the eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP) has been ignored in previous studies. Through various statistical techniques, this study used seven sets of satellite altimeter and reanalysis data to reveal the relationship between swell transport and La Nina. Based on the characteristics of significant SSTA changes in the Nino 3 region (5°S–5°N, 90°–150°W) following an El Nino event, two cases of La Nina and non-La-Nina were defined. Wave transport in the first case presents an anomaly to the north of the 30°S section, i.e., cold water carried by swell transport to the EEP increases prior to the onset of a La Nina event. However, the characteristics of swell transport in the non-La-Nina scenario are contrary to the first case. Wave transport anomalies in the two considered cases produce sufficient and necessary conditions for the development of La Nina and non-La-Nina events. In addition, the impact of swell transport from the westerlies on La Nina events is confirmed further based on heat flux calculations. Wave transport has considerable effect on SSTA variability in the EEP; therefore, it should not be neglected in future studies.

The China fusion engineering testing reactor (CFETR) is a proposed tokamak nuclear fusion reactor in China, the purpose of which is to achieve large-scale power generation at the DEMO level and tritium self-sufficiency. Given that energy generation via this reactor can possibly solve energy crises in the future, the hybrid and steady-state operation modes for phase II of the CFETR under 1 GW discharge power targets are investigated comprehensively herein as per its engineering design parameters and using the integrated code METIS. The optimized condition for hybrid operation of the CFETR is obtained by adopting the dual neutral beam injection scheme under optimized energy and injection. With the electron cyclotron current drive and lower hybrid current drive deposited at the same off-axis position, the CFETR steady-state operation scenario is obtained by controlling the peak values of these driven current profiles. Moreover, it is found that the internal transport barrier (ITB) towards the plasma core can be controlled via selection of an appropriate peak driven current. Overall, these aspects are essential for evaluating the performance metrics and predictive physics of the CFETR. They also serve as a guide for prospective experiments that can be conducted in the future.

The characteristics and the nonlinear phenomenon of traffic flow in the case of car-to-car communication (C2CC) are studied based on an improved coupled map car-following model. The model incorporates the modified optimal velocity function and appropriate control method. The conditions necessary to maintain the system stability and suppress traffic jams are obtained. To describe the car-following dynamics under C2CC accurately, different penetration rates of C2CC vehicles, such as 10%, 30%, and 60% are considered. The simulation results suggest that the improved model can effectively suppress traffic jams. The extent to which traffic jams are suppressed is increasing as the penetration rate increases. Moreover, the car-following stability has a noticeable improvement by analysing the time–space plots.

This paper will discuss the design and construction of BESIII, which is designed to study physics in the tau-charm energy region utilizing the new high luminosity BEPCII double ring e+e- collider. The expected performance will be given based on Monte Carlo simulations and results of cosmic ray and beam tests. In BESIII, tracking and momentum measurements for charged particles are made by a cylindrical multilayer drift chamber in a 1 T superconducting solenoid. Charged particles are identified with a time-of-flight system based on plastic scintillators in conjunction with dE/dx (energy loss per unit pathlength) measurements in the drift chamber. Energies of electromagnetic showers are measured by a CsI(Tl) crystal calorimeter located inside the solenoid magnet. Muons are identified by arrays of resistive plate chambers in the steel magnetic flux return. The level 1 trigger system, Data Acquisition system and the event filter system based on networked computers will also be described., 57 pages, 75 figures

Based on fuzzy similarity degree, entropy, relative entropy and fuzzy entropy, the symmetric fuzzy relative entropy is presented, which not only has a full physical meaning, but also has succinct practicability. The symmetric fuzzy relative entropy can be used to measure the divergence between different fuzzy patterns. The example demonstrates that the symmetric fuzzy relative entropy is valid and reliable for fuzzy pattern recognition and classification, and its classification precision is very high.

We repot simultaneous optical parametric amplifiers (OPA) and amplitude modulation of signal pulse in a monolithic periodically poled KTP (PPKTP) by electrically controlling the relative phase between the pump, signal and idler waves in a KTP dispersion section sandwiched between two PPKTP gratings, theoretically. The controlling electric field can be arbitrary direction. For an ultrashort pulse group velocity mismatch, group dispersion and diffraction must be regarded, simultaneously. The solutions of the truncated equations, including the above effects in the two PPKTP gratings of simultaneous frequency tuning and amplitude modulation OPA, were analyzed. It is shown that the intensity of output signal pulse of OPA depends on the thickness of the dispersion section, the magnitude and azimuth of controlling electric field and one evidences periodicity. For the certain angular dispersion there exist the largest frequency bandwidths of optical parametric amplifiers. Certain angular dispersion of a signal pulse can increase the frequency bandwidth, and broadband amplification of ultrashort pulse can be performed effectively.

Equipment support decision-making is the important foundation to effectively organize equipment support. Equipment support is dependent on various support resources. The less the fluctuation of resource requirement during the project, the more advantageous the organization and carrying out of equipment support tasks in line with the predetermined schedule. Resource leveling optimization is the basic approach to achieve resource requirement leveling. Traditional exact and heuristic algorithms are inefficient in solving the problems even of medium scale. Genetic algorithm with repairing operator is utilized to overcome drawbacks of traditional methods. The performance of the adopted method is demonstrated by obtaining the optimal or near-optimal solutions to the simulated problems. KEYWORD: Resource leveling; Equipment support; Genetic algorithm; Network planning; Optimization International Conference on Social Science, Education Management and Sports Education (SSEMSE 2015) © 2015. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 805 The resource leveling problem of a project can then be described as follows: given that the duration time of activity (i, j), D(i, j) ( (i, j)W), and the resource requirement per unit time, ) , ( 0 j i r (  (i, j)W); the total project duration, T; the resource requirement quantity of the project at moment t, R(t); the earliest start time, the latest start time, and the actual start time of activity (i, j), tES(i, j), tLS(i, j), and tAS(i, j), respectively. During the process of the optimization, the logical relation among activities should not be changed, an activity not be interrupted once started, and the total project duration be fixed. The objective for resource leveling is to find the actual start time of each activity in the project such that the variance of the resource requirements over the project period is minimized. The model is formulated as an optimization problem as in formula (1a) subject to conditions in formula (1b). Minimize 2 1 2 2 ) ( 1 m T i R t R T      (1a)

In this paper, an anisotropic bonded NdFeB Halbach magnetised ring magnet, which is oriented in powder alignment system during injection moulding and subsequently impulse magnetised, is employed. The features of such a Halbach magnetised machine, in terms of the airgap field distribution, and the back-emf and cogging torque waveforms, etc. have been compared with those which result with a Halbach magnet having discrete magnet segments have previously been compared.

The torque-speed characteristics of a 3-phase permanent magnet brushless machine, having an interior permanent magnet rotor and an essentially sinusoidal back-emf waveform, are determined experimentally when the motor is operated in brushless AC (BLAC) mode, with 3-phase, sinusoidal current waveforms, and in brushless DC (BLDC) mode with both 2-phase, 120deg conduction and 3-phase, 180deg conduction rectangular current waveforms. The performance is compared on the basis of (i) the same peak phase current, (ii) the same torque in the constant torque operating region, and (iii) the same RMS phase current. It is shown that while 2-phase, 120deg BLDC operation results in the highest torque capability for the same peak current and BLAC operation results in the highest specific torque per rms current when operating below the base-speed, 3-phase, 180deg BLDC operation generally results in the best performance in the flux-weakening region. Hence, although the IPM motor has an essentially sinusoidal back-emf waveform, it may be advantageous to operate it in a hybrid mode, i.e. BLAC in the constant torque region and 3-phase, 180deg BLDC in the flux-weakening region

It is a challenge to realise an EKF-based sensorless controller for an interior permanent magnet (IPM) brushless ac motor drive due to the influence of non-linearity and rotor saliency. An improved reduced-order EKF method is presented which reduces the rotor position estimation error of an IPM motor, which was evident in [1] due to the neglect of saliency. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified experimentally.

Accurate rotor position data is an essential requirement for permanent magnet brushless AC motors. An EKF-based hybrid controller which uses a combination of low-cost linear Hall sensors for low speed operation and a flux-observer-based sensorless technique for high speed operation of a Halbach magnetized permanent magnet brushless motor is proposed. The controller eliminates inaccuracies in the estimated rotor position and velocity during the changeover between the two operational modes. Its effectiveness is demonstrated experimentally, and its advantages over conventional hybrid controllers are highlighted

In most previous studies of the flux-weakening performance of the permanent magnet brushless AC drives, the stator winding resistance has either been neglected or compensated for simply by subtracting the estimated maximum voltage drop across the winding resistance from the supply voltage, so as to simplify the control algorithm. This paper describes several alternative control schemes which account for the influence of the stator winding resistance, and compares their performance experimentally.

Chronic allograft dysfunction is the primary cause of graft loss after the first posttransplantation year. Bacteriocins are biologically active proteins exhibiting antimicrobial properties against other bacterial species, which are usually closely related to the producer organism. The objective of our study was to determine whether lactic acid bacterial bacteriocins were associated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha observed in a rat kidney model of chronic rejection. Using a kidney model of chronic rejection in the rat, we administered cyclosporine (CsA) immunosuppression (5 mg/kg/d). One group of animals was treated with bacteriocins, and the other was left untreated. Grafts were harvested after transplantation for standard histological studies. The expression of TNF-alpha was demonstrated using immunohistochemistry of frozen sections of the grafts. We observed a greater increase in the expression of TNF-alpha among the group treated with bacteriocins compared with the untreated group. These results showed that lactic acid bacterial bacteriocins were associated with TNF-alpha in our kidney graft model.