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The most vulnerable user in road space is still an ordinary pedestrian even though the top fatalities by traffic mode differ in countries. Thus, prioritizing/protecting vulnerable road users is essential to improve road safety. People's safety perceptions toward vulnerable users are strongly associated with surrounding elements and their own experiences, especially as pedestrians. Therefore the attitude and values toward vulnerable users would vary due to culture and customs related to walking in each country. This study examines how a walking experience change reflects people with diverse backgrounds' traffic safety attitudes by conducting an online questionnaire survey for foreigners living in Japan for five years or less. As a result, 75% of respondents walk more frequently due to increased public transportation usage. For all the respondents, the increase in the walking frequency also drives the shift in the attitude toward vulnerable users and the values regarding travel safety and comfort indirectly intermediated by the shift in attitudes toward walkability, applying structural equation modeling. To focus on the structure of the shift according to nationality, people from Southeast/South Asia, where motorcyclists are the top fatalities in the road space and somehow regarded as vulnerable road users, the increased walking experience contributes significantly to the improvement of awareness of vulnerable road users and to the formation of safety and comfort values. Regarding people from Europe/North America, although their walking frequency increases after coming to Japan, there is a static causal relationship that does not influence their attitude toward walkability or safety and comfort values. Additionally, they already have an attitude of protecting/prioritizing pedestrians and placing more importance on safety and comfort. At the same time, people from Southeast/South lacks the attitude toward pedestrians due to much less frequency of walking in daily life. It suggests that establishing safe and having comfortable pedestrian spaces and public transport in developing countries where traffic infrastructure is at the development stage will encourage people to walk and likely help foster an attitude of placing importance on safety.

In positive characteristic, there exist counterexamples to the statement corresponding to Batyrev's theorem concerning the McKay correspondence. In this paper, we give another computation of the counterexamples by using stringy-point count for some sequences of quotient varieties. There is a proof of the Serre-Bhagava's mass formula, which is important formula in the number theory, from the computation of stringy-point count of a quotient variety associated to a representation of symmetric group. Our computation of the stringy-point count in this paper is regarded as a variation of this proof to give different versions of mass formula.

Additional file 2: Figure S1. Harker variation diagrams for the Subashiri-stage products of Fuji Volcano. Figure S2. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns for the Subashiri-stage products of Fuji Volcano.

In characteristic zero, if a quotient variety has a crepant resolution, the Euler characteristic of the crepant resolution is equal to the number of conjugacy classes of the acting group, by Batyrev's theorem. This is one of the McKay correspondence. It is natural to consider the analogue statement in the positive characteristic. In this paper, we present sequences of crepant resolutions of quotient varieties in the positive characteristic and show that one of the sequences gives a counterexample to the analogue statement of Batyrev's theorem., Comment: 27 pages, 2 figures

Recently, several deep learning methods are proposed for the gravitational wave data analysis. One is conditional variational auto encoder (CVAE), proposed by Gabbard et al. [1]. We study the accuracy of a CVAE in the context of the estimation of the QNM frequency of the ringdown. We show that the accuracy of the estimation by the CVAE is better than the matched filtering. The areas of confidence regions are also compared and it is shown that the CVAE can return smaller confidence regions. Also, we assess the reliability of the confidence regions estimated by the CVAE. Our work confirms that the deep learning method has ability to compete with or overcome the matched filtering., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures

Additional file 2: Appendix 2. Geochemical data for Nasu Volcano.

Additional file 1: Appendix 1. Geochemical data for Towada Volcano.

Additional file 3: Appendix 3. Geochemical data for Azuma Volcano.

Additional file 4: Appendix 4. Geochemical data for Adatara Volcano.

In scalable storage systems, there are two kinds of methods for data redundancy: mirroring and parity. Each has its pros and cons. Mirroring creates a large amount of redundancy data, resulting in less usable space. Write performance degrades proportionally to the redundancy level due to an increase in communication. Parity-based methods partition data into multiple pieces, add parity information, and distribute the pieces of data and parity information. Parity-based methods are not often used with memory class media that are faster than the network, because distributing the data across servers results in low read performance. This research aims to establish an efficient data protection method that can be applied to fast, memory class media. We propose a new parity-based method called Multi-stage Erasure Coding (MEC), which creates two different erasure codes: one at the data transmission source server, and the other at the destination server. We show that our method reduces the space required to achieve redundancy while achieving high performance by making the amount of write communication independent of the redundancy level. We built a prototype program using MEC on a commodity cluster server. We show that compared with conventional parity-based methods with redundancy level 2, read I/O throughput is over one order of magnitude higher thanks to local reads and that write I/O throughput is almost the same due to network bottleneck.