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Supplemental Material for Development of Raman Calibration Model Without Culture Data for In-Line Analysis of Metabolites in Cell Culture Media by Risa Hara, Wataru Kobayashi, Hiroaki Yamanaka, Kodai Murayama, Soichiro Shimoda, and Yukihiro Ozaki in Applied Spectroscopy

本研究では，表面波の位相速度からS波速度分布を推定するために遺伝的アルゴリズムと焼きなまし法を組み合わせたハイブリッド逆解析手法を提案している。この方法の計算フローは遺伝的アルゴリズムを基本としているが，交叉における親モデルと子モデルの選択の際に更新世代数に応じた受理確率を導入した。この受理確率を焼きなまし法と同様に世代数に依存した温度の関数として定義した。これにより，世代更新数が少ない場合には，誤差の大きいモデルも次世代に残り，大局的探索が可能となり，一方，世代更新により温度が低下すると，誤差の小さいモデルが多く次世代に残ることになり，局所的探索が主体となる。さらに，モデルパラメータのコード化では，実数を用いることにした。このアルゴリズムの適用性を深部地盤構造モデルに対するレイリー波の理論位相速度を擬似的な観測データとして用いた数値実験で検討した。その結果，ハイブリッド手法では収束性と安定性が高く，遺伝的アルゴリズムや焼きなまし法に比べてより少ない計算量で最適解近傍のモデルを探索することが可能であることがわかった。さらに，関東平野での既往の微動探査により得られたレイリー波の位相速度にも適用し，数値実験と同様の結果を確認することができた。

The Pacific Rim Application and Grid Middleware Assembly (PRAGMA) is an international community of researchers that actively collaborate to address problems and challenges of common interest in eScience. The PRAGMA Experimental Network Testbed (PRAGMA-ENT) was established with the goal of constructing an international software-defined network (SDN) testbed to offer the necessary networking support to the PRAGMA cyberinfrastructure. PRAGMA-ENT is isolated, and PRAGMA researchers have complete freedom to access network resources to develop, experiment, and evaluate new ideas without the concerns of interfering with production networks. In the first phase, PRAGMA-ENT focused on establishing an international L2 backbone. With support from the Florida Lambda Rail (FLR), Internet2, PacificWave, JGN-X, and TWAREN, PRAGMA-ENT backbone connects Open\-Flow-enabled switches at University of Florida (UF), University of California San Diego (UCSD), Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST, Japan), Osaka University (Japan), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST, Japan), and National Center for High-Performance Computing (Taiwan). The second phase of PRAGMA-ENT consisted of evaluation of technologies for the control plane that enables multiple experiments (i.e., OpenFlow controllers) to co-exist. Preliminary experiments with FlowVisor revealed some limitations leading to the development of a new approach, called AutoVFlow. This paper will share our experience in the establishment of PRAGMA-ENT backbone (with international L2 links), its current status, and control plane plans. Discussion on preliminary application ideas, including optimization of routing control; multipath routing control; and remote visualization will also be discussed., 8 pages, 12 figures, PRAGMA-ICDS 2015

Background/Purpose Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy has become a common technique to provide nutritional support to handicapped children with swallowing disorders; however, this technique is sometimes associated with serious complications. We report a novel method of 1-trocar laparoscopy–aided gastrostomy with special reference to its influence on gastroesophageal reflux (GER). Methods The subjects consisted of 22 profoundly handicapped children, aged from 1 to 14 years (median, 7 years). Twenty-four-hour esophageal pH monitoring was conducted preoperatively in all subjects and performed postoperatively in 12. The criteria for gastrostomy alone included no significant symptoms related to GER and distal esophageal acid exposure of less than 15%. Esophageal acid exposure was evaluated at the distal esophagus (P1) and at 10 cm proximal to P1 (P2). Stamm gastrostomy was performed by grasping the anterior gastric wall with forceps inserted through an operating channel associated with a laparoscope. Data are expressed as medians and ranges. Results There were neither perioperative mortality nor life-threatening complications except the detachment of the gastrostomy in one. Esophageal acid exposure was significantly increased postoperatively compared to preoperatively at P1 (2.1% [0.0%-4.7%] vs 4.6% [0.2%-8.7%], P = .02), but did not change much at P2 (0.2% [0.0%-1.5%] vs 0.8% [0.0%-7.6%], P = .07). No patient developed postoperative symptoms related to GER. Conclusions One-trocar laparoscopy–aided gastrostomy is a feasible technique for handicapped children without symptomatic GER.