Search

The insect ryanodine receptor (RyR) is a novel target of the anthranilic and phthalic insecticides, which have high activity against lepidopteran insects. Several diamide insecticides have been used to control pests in orchards in China. To enhance our understanding of the effects of diamides on RyRs, full-length cDNAs were isolated and characterized from the summer fruit tortrix moth, Adoxophyes orana, which is the most severe pest of stone and pome trees worldwide. In addition, the modulation of AoRyR mRNA expression by diamide insecticides was investigated. The AoRyR mRNA obtained had an open reading frame (ORF) of 15 402 bp nucleotides encoding 5 113 amino acids, and shared high and low identity with its orthologs in other insects and mammals of 77–92 and 45–47% identity, respectively. One alternative splice site with two exclusive exons was revealed in AoRyR (a/b). The usage of exon was more frequent in eggs and larvae than in pupae and adults. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that AoRyR mRNA was expressed at all developmental stages, especially in eggs, male pupae and male adults. The expression levels of AoRyR mRNA in the whole body were up-regulated markedly after 3rd instar larvae were treated with chlorantraniliprole at LC10, LC20 and LC50 dosages. The results could provide the basis for further functional studies of AoRyR and for the development of new chemicals with selective activity against insects.

The design and application of the smart grid system based on the big data technology has achieved some results, but no system has been formed. Therefore, the design, research and application of the smart grid system are still in the exploratory stage. With the continuous maturity of the big data technology application, the application of the big data technology in the smart grid system design will provide a more intelligent and perfect management mechanism for the grid operation, so as to improve management efficiency and achieve the expected goal of the power grid safe operation.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sublethal effects of the beta-cypermethrin on calling behavior and fecundity of a major fruit-boring pest of apple, Carposina sasakii Matsumura. The mating rate, fertility (total number of eggs laid per female), and adult longevity of adults were remarkably decreased as compared with that in control when the adults were exposed to 10% lethal concentrations (LC10) of beta-cypermethrin (LC10♀ × LC10♂), and the age-specific survival rate (lx) was also negatively affected by sublethal beta-cypermethrin especially for the LC10♀× LC10♂ mating combination. However, the age-specific fecundity (mx) was stimulated particularly in the combination of CK♀× LC10♂. Furthermore, the oviposition period was prolonged and the number of eggs was significantly increased for combinations of CK♀× LC10♂ and LC10♀× CK♂. In the mating experiments, males in control or LC10-beta-cypermethrin treatments preferred to mate with females in control. It might be because of lower calling rate of female survivors treated with sublethal beta-cypermethrin. Our data indicate that treatment of beta-cypermethrin had a sublethal effect on the development and production of C. sasakii, and their mating behavior changes in surviving adults that may contribute to assortative mating.

Background The peach fruit moth, Carposina sasakii Matsumura (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae), is one of the most destructive pests of pome and stone fruits, while few studies of their molecular biology and physiology have been conducted. Research into CsasPBPs (Carposina sasakii pheromone binding proteins) and CsasGOBPs (Carposina sasakii general odorant binding proteins) may provide insights in to the mechanisms of olfaction in Carposina sasakii. Results In our study, results of real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays demonstrated that CsasPBP1-3 and CsasGOBP1-2 transcripts were abundantly expressed in the antennae of both sexes, suggesting they play a vital role in olfaction. In addition, to examine specific functional differences between pheromone binding proteins (PBPs) and general odorant binding proteins (GOBPs), fluorescence competitive binding assays were used to measured the binding affinities for the two sex pheromones and 18 apple plant volatiles. As a result, both PBPs and GOBPs showed stronger binding affinities to Z-7-eicosene-11-one than Z-7-nonadecene-11-one in two sex pheromones, whereas only PBP3 exhibited specific affinity towards both these two sex pheromone components, and PBP1 showed a high binding affinity to the sex pheromone components, and to other plant volatiles. In addition, GOBP1-2 displayed high binding affinity to general components of plant volatiles. Conclusion Our study suggested CsasPBPs and CsasGOBPs play distinct physiological roles in the perception of sex pheromones and host plant volatiles. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.

In order to decrease the power corporation's data center construction and maintenance costs, a better solution is used by cloud computing data center. By using cloud computing data centers, power corporations can store geographically distributed users' data to meet the lower cost to meet the user's latency requirements. This electronic document is a "live" template and yet defines the components of your paper [title, text, heads, etc.] in its style sheet. This paper proposes a dynamic adaptive migration strategy for data replicas in cloud environment. Based on the workload based cloud computing, a dynamic scheduling mechanism is proposed to achieve a higher scalability, and increase the fault tolerance, and improve the ability to respond to changes in workload. The mechanism adjusts the number of replicas by changing the number of transaction requests monitored by the workload processor. By monitoring the workload to determine significant changes, a small step to repartition, and ultimately we achieve the purpose of maintaining a good overall partition. Through the dynamic data copy migration strategy, the dynamic data exchange between data nodes is completed. The experimental results show that the proposed method can significantly reduce the frequency of distributed transactions when the workload changes.

Cloud computing takes the network technology, virtualization technology, and distributed computing technology as the foundation. The business model of cloud computing is based on its own need and has formed a new application mode with the characteristics of dynamic extension, resource sharing, and others. The cloud computing environment refers to the integration of terminal devices, such as computers distributed on the Internet, to realize hardware and software resources by means of some kind of network calculation. The basic components include the application layer, platform layer, resource layer, user access and management, and technology and take all kinds of cloud computing services as the core. Under such an environment, the user’s data and resources in cloud computing are wholly dependent on the unreliable network communication and partially trusted cloud storage server, which makes the users question the safety of the cloud computing environment, and resulting the arrested development of cloud computing. In this paper, network security risks and current common computer network attack method in cloud computing environment were discussed in detail and the network security protection technologies were proposed to improve the security of network of cloud computing environment.

To understand the influence of different apple varieties on the development and reproduction of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae), age-stage two-sex life tables of P. ulmi on ‘Fuji,’ ‘Starkrimson Delicious,’ ‘Golden Delicious,’ and ‘Granny Smith’ varieties were constructed under laboratory conditions at 23 ± 1°C, 75 ± 5% relative humidity, and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h. Results showed that total development time of immature females was shorter on Fuji than on the other varieties, and this was because of its shorter egg duration. Immature survival of P. ulmi was 74.51–78.00% among four apple varieties, and no significant differences were found. The total fecundity per female was significantly higher on Golden Delicious (34.12 eggs per female) than that on Fuji (27.15 eggs per female), Starkrimson Delicious (25.15 eggs per female), and Granny Smith (20.62 eggs per female). Based on the intrinsic rate of population increase, Fuji and Golden Delicious were more suitable than Starkrimson Delicious and Granny Smith.

To study the feasibility of using basement membrane of human amniotic membrane (BMHAM) as a carrier for transplantation of cultivated cat corneal endothelial cells (cCCECs).BHMAM was obtained by enzymic digestion. cCCECs were seeded on the BMHAM and cultivated traditionally. The resulting continuous monolayer of cCCECs was transplanted onto the cat corneal graft stripped of the Descemet membrane with endothelium. To determine whether the transplanted cCCECs were vital and functional in vivo, the corneal grafts were examined by slit-lamp microscope every day for 6 weeks, and corneal thickness was measured by ultrasonic pachymetry. Either in vivo or in vitro, the cCCEC sheets on BMHAMs were examined morphologically by light and electron microscope, and the cell density was measured.Seven to 10 days after seeding on the BMHAM, the cCCECs were confluent and formed a continuous monolayer with 3486 +/- 53 cells/mm(2) cell density. Like normal corneal endothelial cells, the cCCECs were almost hexagonal, squamous, and uniform in size. After transplantation, most cells were vital and functional nearly enough to maintain corneal graft thickness and transparency without rejection for at least 6 weeks. Six weeks after operation, the average thickness of the transplanted corneal grafts was only slightly greater than that before operation. Compared with that in vitro, after transplantation there was 5% to 8% reduction per week in cell density, which lasted for almost 3 weeks. After that, the average cCCEC density of corneal grafts was 2837 +/- 57 cells/mm(2) and quite stable maintained.This study demonstrated that BMHAM would be an ideal alternative for corneal Descemet membrane and a cell carrier for cCCEC transplantation.

By analyzing the sewerage sampled at different sites as well as at different times in the sewer pipelines in Chongqing, China, this study examines the corrosion mechanism of domestic wastewater on conrete or reinforced concrete pipelines. One of the goals of the study was to determine the optimum period for inspection and repairing the corroded pipelines. The paper presents preliminary results, based on the investigation of the causes of the corrosion.