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In this work, novel flower-like nanoscale zero-valent iron/zinc oxide heterostructure composites were prepared, characterised and used for the enhanced removal of Se(IV) from water. The morphological identification showed that nZVI nanoparticles were uniformly loaded on ZnO nanosheets to minimise their aggregation. Batch experimental results demonstrated that the composites exhibited higher removal efficiency and rate constant on Se(IV) immobilisation than pristine flower-like ZnO and nZVI because of the enhanced dispersion of nZVI nanoparticles. Solution pH, initial Se(IV) concentration as well as interfering ions that affect the removal capacity of Se(IV) were further studied. These results suggested that the composites could be a promising candidate for the potential application in effective remediation of Se-contaminated wastewater.

Smart windows control indoor solar radiation by regulating the transmittance of light, which is a promising way to reduce building energy consumption. The advent of photonic crystals (PCs) has accelerated the industrialization of smart windows. The combination of static and dynamic regulation can be realized based on the photon control function of photonic band gaps, which is expected to achieve the ideal effect of light transmission and heat control. This paper reviews recent advances of electrochromic and thermochromic smart windows based on PCs. Firstly, theory, materials, performance and development of electrochromic and thermochromic smart windows based on PCs are briefly outlined. Typical structures of electrochromic and thermochromic PCs are introduced in detail, from preparation process, morphology characterization and performance analysis, which provides directions for the future development and construction of smart windows based on PCs. Finally, challenges and opportunities facing next-generation smart windows are summarized.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Diameter distribution analysis from 100 random nanofibers of (a) GelMA/R, (b) GelMA/A, and (c) Ir@GelMA/A. Figure S2. The ICP-MS analysis of various concentrations of PVP-Ir NPs loaded hydrogel fiber films. Figure S3. (a) The UV absorbance spectra of 20 mM H2O2 solution treated with 5 μg/mL Catalase. (b) The UV-vis absorption value at 240 nm of 20 mM H2O2 solutions treated with 5 μg/mL Catalase. Figure S4. The digital pictures of various groups before (a) and after (b) 5 mM H2O2 treated. I: Blank + 5mM H2O2; II: GelMA/A + 5mM H2O2; III: Ir@GelMA/A + 5mM H2O2. The red arrows refer to the GelMA/A fiber films, and the blue arrows refer to the Ir@GelMA/A fiber films. Figure S5. The concentration of the generated oxygen in Control, GelMA/A, and various Ir@GelMA/A groups. Figure S6. The angle distribution of cells growing on the (a) Culture plate (Control), (b) GelMA/R, (c) GelMA/A, and (d) Ir@GelMA/A fiber film. Figure S7. SEM image of Ir@Ag@GelMA/A fiber film. The scale bar is 2 μm. Figure S8. The effect of inducing cell orientation growth of the fiber film before and after loading with Ag NPs.

To explore the pattern of economic cooperation between cities of Belarus and China, this paper analyzed a joint economic cooperation project between cities of two countries – Chongqing Belarusian Style Town, and concluded that the economic cooperation between cities of the two countries serves the national development strategy of both sides and develops multi-field cooperation based on the sister-city partnership with economic focus.

We study the thermodynamic limit of the antiperiodic XXZ spin chain with the anisotropic parameter $��=\frac{��i}{3}$. We parameterize eigenvalues of the transfer matrix by their zero points instead of Bethe roots. We obtain patterns of the distribution of zero points. Based on them, we calculate the ground state energy and the elementary excitations in the thermodynamic limit. We also obtain the two-body scattering matrix of elementary excitations. Two types of elementary excitations and three types of scattering processes are discussed in detailed., 21 pages, 3 figures

A dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) can be installed in a middle-voltage (MV) power grid, to concurrently protect a cluster of sensitive loads from voltage sags. To further improve its efficiency and ...

In the present work, the decolorization of rhodamine B (RhB) dye was studied using a UV/H2O2 process enhanced by expanded graphite (EG). The effects of initial solution pH, EG/H2O2 dosage, and reaction temperature on decolorization were investigated. The decolorization effectiveness increased with increasing EG and H2O2 doses but reached optima with 1.0 g/L and 1.0 mL/L, respectively. The UV/H2O2 process enhanced by EG for RhB dye decolorization followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics model and exhibited an enhancement effect with the rate constant (k) of 0.05268 min−1 (k = 0.01972 min−1 for the UV/H2O2 process). The improved decolorization efficiency of RhB may be ascribed to the cooperation effect in the UV/H2O2 process enhanced by EG. Furthermore, the possible mechanism of RhB decolorization was discussed. EG not only acts as an absorbent of RhB dye and H2O2 molecules, but also acts as a catalyst to decompose H2O2.

The axial intensity distribution and focal depth of an apoclized focusing optical system are theoretically investigated with two kinds of incident light fields: a uniform-intensity-distribution beam and a Gaussian beam. Both a low-numerical-aperture and a high-numerical-aperture optical system are considered. Numerical results show that the depth of focus can be adjusted by changing the geometrical parameters and transmissivity of the apodizer in the focusing optical system. When a Gaussian beam is employed as the incident beam, the waist width also affects the depth of focus. The tunable range of the focal depth is very considerable. (c) 2005 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.