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Markerless motion capture system and X-ray fluoroscopy as two markerless measurement systems were introduced to the application method in sports biomechanical areas. An overview of the technological process, data accuracy, suggested movements, and recommended body parts were explained. The markerless motion capture system consists of four parts: camera, body model, image feature, and algorithms. Even though the markerless motion capture system seems promising, it is not yet known whether these systems can be used to achieve the required accuracy and whether they can be appropriately used in sports biomechanics and clinical research. The biplane fluoroscopy technique analyzes motion data by collecting, image calibrating, and processing, which is effective for determining small joint kinematic changes and calculating joint angles. The method was used to measure walking and jumping movements primarily because of the experimental conditions and mainly to detect the data of lower limb joints.

Biomedical sensors can detect all kinds of human life information. The pulse signal is one of the most important physiological parameters of the human body. An ultra-thin and flexible photoelectric pulse detection sensor is built, a pulse detection system based on the sensor circuit is built, and the image processing of the detected pulse signal is carried out. Oleic acid is used to modify the organic semiconductor layer of the phototransistor. Silver nanoparticles (AgNCs) are also infiltrated into organic semiconductor materials to form nanocomposites. The hardware circuit includes signal amplification, baseline correction, 50 Hz notch filter, and band-pass filter. In the experiment, the prepared nanocomposites are analyzed for photoelectric properties. The results show that the transfer curve of the device is bipolar without illumination, and the hole transport characteristics are more obvious than the electron transport characteristics. The hole mobility is 0.06 mm2/V/S, and the electron mobility is 1.34×10−4 cm2/V/S. Hole mobility greater than electron mobility can effectively improve photoconductivity gain. The detection of different working voltages shows that the pulse wave detected by the prepared sensor has obvious P, T, and D waves. The image processing technology is used. After the output pulse signal image passes through the notch and low-pass filters, the pulse signal’s high-frequency interference is suppressed. After envelope filtering, the signal frequency amplitude of the pulse signal decreases (from 400 mV–700 mV to −150 mV~150 mV). Then, the baseline drift is effectively removed.

PurposeDuring the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, museums, as public gathering places for citizens, have encountered unprecedented difficulties due to limitations to operate as usual for their traditional exhibitions and curations. Thus, museums made corresponding emergency attempts to accelerate digital resource and service platform constructions. Such difficulties aroused many potential problems with the applicability of electronic resources and the mismatch between user expectations and museum services. This study investigates the challenges faced by Hong Kong museums under COVID-19, emergency responses and deliberate practices of Hong Kong museums from the perspective of both museum staff and visitors, and COVID-19's influence on the roles and functions of Hong Kong museums.Design/methodology/approachQualitative interviews with museum staff and visitors were conducted to collect opinions and experiences in the construction and maintenance of museums during the pandemic. Further thematic analyses of museum websites, evaluations, and suggestions were formulated guided by the PEST (Political, Economic, Social, Technological) and AIDA (Attention, Interest, Desire, Action) models.FindingsFindings revealed many online interactions and offline renovations, but the perceptions of visitors and staff differed considerably. While online resources and virtual museums were expanded and well received, long-term prohibitions and repressions drove physical visit desire. Participants emphasized finding a balance between user expectations and realistic practices.Originality/valueScant studies focus on the impact of COVID-19 on the cultural industry, especially in East Asia. This study also highlights new practices of digitalization and the challenges of functional transformation. The authors' findings and suggestions provide hints to optimize the curation of information resources and improve museum service quality in the new digital era. This study also serves as a reliable and meaningful record of COVID-19 impacts on Hong Kong museums.

Andrographolide(ADE) has been demonstrated to inhibit tumor growth through direct cytotoxicity on tumor cells. However, its potential activity on tumor microenvironment (TME) remains unclear. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), composed mainly of M2 macrophages, are the key cells that create an immunosuppressive TME by secretion of cytokines, thus enhancing tumor progression. Re-polarized subpopulations of macrophages may represent vital new therapeutic alternatives. Our previous studies showed that ADE possessed anti-metastasis and anoikis-sensitization effects. Here, we demonstrated that ADE significantly suppressed M2-like polarization and enhanced M1-like polarization of macrophages. Moreover, ADE inhibited the migration of M2 and tube formation in HUVECs under M2 stimulation. In vivo studies showed that ADE restrained the growth of MDA-MB-231 and HCC1806 human breast tumor xenografts and 4T-1 mammary gland tumors through TAMs. Wnt5a/β-catenin pathway and MMPs were particularly associated with ADE's regulatory mechanisms to M2 according to RNA-seq and bioinformatics analysis. Moreover， western blot also verified the expressions of these proteins were declined with ADE exposure. Among the cytokines released by M2, PDGF-AA and CCL2 were reduced. Our current findings for the first time elucidated that ADE could modulate macrophage polarization and function through Wnt5a signaling pathway, thereby playing its role in inhibition of triple-negative breast cancer.

Background Pain and falls are significant disabling health conditions which cause substantial economic burdens on older adults and their families. Physical functioning (both subjective and objective) might play a significant role in older adults’ pain and falls. In this study we aimed to examine: (1) the relationship between pain and falls among Chinese older adults; (2) pain-fall status (i.e., comorbid pain-fall, pain-only, fall-only, and neither-pain-nor-fall) in relation to healthcare utilization; and (3) whether physical functioning measured either subjectively or objectively would contribute differently to the pain intensity and to the occurrence of falls. Methods We used a nationally-representative sample of older adults from the 2011–2012 baseline survey of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (N = 4,461, aged 60–95 years). Logistic, linear, and negative binomial models adjusted for demographic variables were used in the analysis. Results Overall, 36% of older adults reported pain, 20% had fall occurrences, and 11% had comorbid pain and falls. Pain intensity was significantly associated with falls. Individuals in groups of pain-only, fall-only, and comorbid pain-fall reported significantly higher healthcare utilization, that is, more frequent inpatient care and doctor visits than those in the neither-pain-nor-fall group. Subjective, not objective, physical functioning was associated with pain and falls. Conclusion Pain and falls are significantly associated with each other, and both can lead to increased healthcare utilization. Compared to objective physical functioning, subjective physical functioning is more likely to correlate with pain and falls, suggesting that self-reported physical status should be considered when designing pain-fall preventive strategies.

Background and Hypothesis Schizophrenia is a polygenetic mental disorder with heterogeneous positive and negative symptom constellations, and is associated with abnormal cortical connectivity. The thalamus has a coordinative role in cortical function and is key to the development of the cerebral cortex. Conversely, altered functional organization of the thalamus might relate to overarching cortical disruptions in schizophrenia, anchored in development. Study Design Here, we contrasted resting-state fMRI in 86 antipsychotic-naive first-episode early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) patients and 91 typically developing controls to study whether macroscale thalamic organization is altered in EOS. Employing dimensional reduction techniques on thalamocortical functional connectome (FC), we derived lateral–medial and anterior–posterior thalamic functional axes. Study Results We observed increased segregation of macroscale thalamic functional organization in EOS patients, which was related to altered thalamocortical interactions both in unimodal and transmodal networks. Using an ex vivo approximation of core-matrix cell distribution, we found that core cells particularly underlie the macroscale abnormalities in EOS patients. Moreover, the disruptions were associated with schizophrenia-related gene expression maps. Behavioral and disorder decoding analyses indicated that the macroscale hierarchy disturbances might perturb both perceptual and abstract cognitive functions and contribute to negative syndromes in patients. Conclusions These findings provide mechanistic evidence for disrupted thalamocortical system in schizophrenia, suggesting a unitary pathophysiological framework.

BackgroundGiven the continuing challenges frailty poses among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLHIV), accumulating evidence suggests that frailty is linked to psychological factors. However, the mutual influences of resilience, depression, and frailty have not yet been clarified. This study aimed to identify the potential mechanistic pathway through which psychological factors mitigate frailty.MethodsData were collected from June to August 2019 by trained investigators through face-to-face interviews with 375 HIV-positive Chinese adults. Each participant completed structured questionnaires to collect data in respect of their socio-demographic characteristics, and levels of frailty, depression, and resilience. These assessment measures included a self-designed questionnaire, the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI), the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10), and the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10). SPSS PROCESS macro was used to analyze the mediation and moderated mediation models.ResultsThe overall prevalence of frailty was 26.4%, and the prevalence of frailty among older and younger adults living with HIV was 22 and 31.4%, respectively. Mediation analysis showed that an association between resilience and frailty was mediated by depression, whereas resilience did not mediate the relationship between depression and frailty. Compared to physical frailty, depression was a stronger mediator of resilience to psychological frailty. We further found that age moderated the indirect effect of resilience on psychological frailty, with resilience being a stronger negative predictor of depression and depression being a stronger positive predictor of psychological frailty for older PLHIV than for younger PLHIV.ConclusionLower levels of resilience and greater levels of depression may be significant risk factors for frailty among PLHIV. Levels of resilience influenced frailty directly and frailty was indirectly affected by depression. Therefore, it is recommended that PLHIV, especially older patients, should be encouraged to establish positive psychological coping strategies to slow the progression of frailty.

Background Hirschsprung’s disease (HSCR) is one of the most common congenital digestive tract malformations and can cause stubborn constipation or gastrointestinal obstruction after birth, causing great physical and mental pain to patients and their families. Studies have shown that more than 20 genes are involved in HSCR, and most cases of HSCR are sporadic. However, the overall rate of familial recurrence in 4331 cases of HSCR is about 7.6%. Furthermore, familial HSCR patients show incomplete dominance. We still do not know the penetrance and genetic characteristics of these known risk genes due to the rarity of HSCR families. Methods To find published references, we used the title/abstract terms “Hirschsprung” and “familial” in the PubMed database and the MeSH terms “Hirschsprung” and “familial” in Web of Science. Finally, we summarized 129 HSCR families over the last 40 years. Results The male-to-female ratio and the percentage of short segment-HSCR in familial HSCR are much lower than in sporadic HSCR. The primary gene factors in the syndromic families are ret proto-oncogene (RET) and endothelin B receptor gene (EDNRB). Most families show incomplete dominance and are relevant to RET, and the RET mutation has 56% penetrance in familial HSCR. When one of the parents is a RET mutation carrier in an HSCR family, the offspring’s recurrence risk is 28%, and the incidence of the offspring does not depend on whether the parent suffers from HSCR. Conclusion Our findings will help HSCR patients obtain better genetic counseling, calculate the risk of recurrence, and provide new insights for future pedigree studies.

Patients with medically refractory non-acute intracranial artery occlusion (ICAO) are difficult to treat. The optimal intervention for these patients is not known. We evaluated the feasibility and safety of drug-coated balloon (DCB) treatment for non-acute ICAO. Consecutive patients with symptomatic medically refractory atherosclerotic non-acute ICAO from January 2015 to July 2021 who underwent DCB treatment were retrospectively analyzed. The rates of stroke, transient ischemic attack, and death within 30 days and the follow-up results were evaluated. A total of 148 patients were enrolled in this study. The 30-day rate of stroke, transient ischemic attack, and death was 8.8%. During the 25.8 ± 15.8-month clinical follow-up period, the rate of outcome beyond 30 days was 4.7%. In the 66 patients with vessel imaging follow-up, 13.6% (9/66) had restenosis. The present study suggests that DCB dilatation is a feasible and effective alternative in carefully selected patients with symptomatic non-acute ICAO.

In vivo studies on association between wall shear stress (WSS) and intracranial plaque are deficient. Based on the three-dimensional T1-weighted high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (3DT1 HR-MRI) data of patients with low-grade stenotic (

This paper proposes a new partitioned stator hybrid-excited flux reversal machine with dual-PM (PS-HEFRDPMM), in which field windings are placed in the inner stator and PMs are employed on both the rotor and outer stator. By utilizing dual-PM excitation, the proposed PS-HEFRDPMM is able to introduce the bidirectional flux modulation effect to transmit high torque production. In addition, a good flux weakening capability can be obtained by using dc current to regulate air-gap magnetic field, which is beneficial to expand the speed range of machine. The machine topology, operating principle and design considerations of PS-HEFRDPMM are described, respectively. The electromagnetic characteristics of PS-HEFRDPMM under different excitation states are comprehensively analyzed using finite element method. The results show that the proposed PS-HEFRDPMM can provide the merits of high toque capability with low torque ripple, good over-load torque capability, high power factor and efficiency, as well as good flux weakening capability.

Some standardized environments have been designed for partially observable multi-agent cooperation, but we find most current environments are synchronous, whereas real-world agents often have their own action spaces leading to asynchrony. Furthermore, fixed agents number limits the scalability of action space, whereas in reality agents number can change resulting in a flexible action space. In addition, current environments are balanced, which is not always the case in the real world where there may be an ability gap between different parties leading to asymmetry. Finally, current environments tend to have less stochasticity with simple state transitions, whereas real-world environments can be highly stochastic and result in extremely risky. To address this gap, we propose WarGame Challenge (WGC) inspired by the Wargame. WGC is a lightweight, flexible, and easy-to-use environment with a clear framework that can be easily configured by users. Along with the benchmark, we provide MARL baseline algorithms such as QMIX and a toolkit to help algorithms complete performance tests on WGC. Finally, we present baseline experiment results, which demonstrate the challenges of WGC. We think WGC enrichs the partially observable multi-agent cooperation domain and introduces more challenges that better reflect the real-world characteristics. Code is release in http://turingai.ia.ac.cn/data\_center/show/10.

Additional file 2: Figure S1. Distribution of 17-mer depth for estimating the genome size. The x-axis represents k-mer depths while y-axis represents the proportions. The blue line represents the proportion of 17-mer in each depth. The peak depth is at 25-fold and total number of 17-mer is 61,791,522,108. The South China tiger (P. t. amoyensis) genome size was estimated to be 2471.66 Mb from the formula: Genome size = K-mer_number/K_depth of peak. Figure S2. Hi-C chromosomal contact heat map. A 500 kb resolution was used to calculate the number of Hi-C read pairs in any two bins. Figure S3. The collinearity between the South China tiger and domestic cat (Felis catus) genomes. Each dot represents an aligned region while the minimum length is 10 kb. The red dot represents forward comparison and the blue dot reverse comparison. Figure S4. Q30 and GC content for each sample. The average Q30 and GC content are 93.24% and 42.04%, respectively. Their very low variation reflected our re-sequencing data to be high quality. Figure S5. The distribution of mapping rates and average mapping depths for each individual. The depths ranged from 12.91× to 18.96 × while the rates varied from 96.03% to 98.92%. Figure S6. The distribution of the SNP number and frequency. Number of genome-wide SNPs (top) and frequency of SNPs per 1 kb of each tiger sample (bottom). Figure S7. Nucleotide diversity π estimates of six tiger subspecies. Figure S8. Heterozygosity statistics of genome-wide SNPs. (a) Observed heterozygosity across all individual genomes of each tiger subspecies. (b) Genomic heterozygosity in each tiger subspecies at population level. Figure S9. Pairwise FST values between six tiger subspecies. The weighted FST values are shown above the diagonal while their standard deviations below the diagonal. Figure S10. Principal component analysis using genome-wide SNPs of six tiger subspecies. Figure S11. A maximum likelihood tree was built using TreeMix software with whole-genome sequencing data of six tiger subspecies and cat. Figure S12. Cluster analysis based on the matrix of genome-wide identity-by-state (IBS) pairwise distances between six tiger subspecies determined by a permutation score. Figure S13. Analysis of genome-wide average identity-by-state (IBS) pairwise identities between six tiger subspecies. Figure S14. Population genetic structure of the South China tigers estimated by the ADMIXTURE. Figure S15. Demographic histories of tiger subspecies. PSMC analysis shows the change in effective population size over time. The dash lines represent 100 bootstraps. The representative individuals sequenced at a high read coverage were selected for each graph, South China tiger (ptam_4, mean 25.38×), Amur tiger (ptal_1, mean 14.76×), Indochinese tiger (ptco_2, mean 13.98×), Malayan tiger (ptja_7, mean 13.13×), Bengal tiger (ptti_3, mean 13.79×), and Sumatran tiger (ptsu_1, mean 13.41×). Figure S16. The results of Dsuite. Heatmap showing statistical support for introgression between pairs of tiger subspecies. Cells in the heatmap indicate the pairwise Z score values between the branch b identified on the expanded tree on the Y axis (relative to its sister branch) and the taxa P3 identified on the X-axis. The grey color indicates the none. (a) Result of branch for South China tiger (lineage 1) with the other tiger subspecies populations. (b) Result of branch for South China tiger (lineage 2) with the other tiger subspecies populations. (c) Result of branch for South China tiger (ptam1 individual) with the other tiger subspecies populations. Figure S17. The graph of ABBA-BABA test. The values of D (pop1, pop2; pop3, pop4) >0 indicates that there are gene flows between pop1 and pop3. Here, only the introgression occurred in South China tiger will be shown. (a) D-statistic for South China tiger (lineage 1) with other tiger subspecies. (b) D-statistic for South China tiger (lineage 2) with other tiger subspecies. (c) D-statistic for South China tiger (ptam1 individual) with other tiger subspecies. Figure S18. Plot of inferred introgression between the South China tiger lineage 1 and other tiger subspecies populations detected by the TreeMix method. The scale bar shows 10 times the average standard error of the entries in the sample covariance matrix. Figure S19. Plot of inferred introgression between the South China tiger lineage 2 and other tiger subspecies populations detected by the TreeMix method. The scale bar shows 10 times the average standard error of the entries in the sample covariance matrix. Figure S20. Plot of inferred introgression between the South China tiger ptam_1 individual and other tiger subspecies populations detected by the TreeMix method. The scale bar shows 10 times the average standard error of the entries in the sample covariance matrix. Figure S21. Genomic inbreeding coefficients FH in each tiger subspecies. Figure S22. The plot of three inbreeding coefficients (FP, FH, and FROH) of the South China tiger. Figure S23. Comparison of homozygote and heterozygote percentage of per mutation category among six tiger subspecies. The significant value was calculated by t-test.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the response and mitigation mechanism of hemin to maize under cadmium stress. Maize variety Xianyu 335 was exposed to cadmium stress (100 mg kg−1) and was sprayed different concentrations of hemin (150, 250, and 300 μmol L−1) at the flowering stage. The photosynthetic characteristics, leaf senescence characteristics, root activity, bleeding, and other parameters were determined by analyzing the maize leaves and roots at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 days after flowering. Hemin enhanced the chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of leaves; delayed leaf senescence; improved the accumulation and distribution of photosynthetic products; optimized the parameters of maize root growth characteristics, root activity, and bleeding rate; and optimized the mineral elements and amino acid contents in root bleeding under cadmium stress in field. Furthermore, hemin improved the starch characteristics of maize grain filling, promoted the activity and gene expression of key enzymes in starch synthesis, and increased maize yield and the radiation, heat, and water use efficiency of plants, which realized the synergistic improvement of maize yield and efficiency under cadmium stress. Hemin promoted the growth and development of maize leaves and roots under cadmium stress in field. The maize yield and radiation, heat, and water use efficiency were also improved synergistically, which provided technical methods for the maize production of stress resistance.

This study explores a nonparametric identification scheme for a ship maneuvering mathematical model. To overcome the difficulty in setting support vector regression (SVR) hyperparameters, a modified grey wolf optimizer algorithm is proposed. The algorithm introduces a nonlinear convergence factor and an adaptive position update strategy to enhance the search ability, which contributes toward identifying optimal hyperparameters. Using these optimal hyperparameters, SVR can predict the state variables pertaining to ship motion with high precision. The prediction of the motion state variables of the vessel YUKUN is considered as an illustrative example to verify the algorithm’s generalization ability and robustness. The prediction results indicate that, compared with the SVR based on the firefly algorithm and the particle swarm optimization, the proposed scheme offers the advantages of robustness, fewer iterations, and smaller prediction errors.

In this paper, a new hybrid-excited doubly salient dual-PM machine (HE-DSDPMM) with dc-biased sinusoidal current is proposed. The HE-DSDPMM employs yoke-PM and slot-PM simultaneously to introduce parallel dual-PM flux to increase the torque production. In addition, the dc-biased sinusoidal current is used in HE-DSDPMM to achieve the flux regulation without field windings. The configuration and working principle of HE-DSDPMM are first described. Subsequently, the design considerations of HE-DSDPMM are discussed, which mainly focus on studying the influence of key design parameters on torque characteristics. Finally, the electromagnetic performances of HE-DSDPMM are analyzed comprehensively using finite element method. The predicted results indicate that HE-DSDPMM can offer the advantages of high torque capability with low torque ripple, good over-load torque capability, as well as flexible flux regulation capability.

A hybrid stator pole memory machine (HSP-MM) with direct current (DC) bias magnetization is developed in this paper. By introducing the concept of zero-sequence current magnetization, the DC magnetizing winding used in the traditional DC magnetizing MM is eliminated, which improves the utilization rate of internal machine space and the overall torque density. The re/demagnetization of low coercion force (LCF) permanent magnet by DC bias pulse enables HSP-MM to obtain the flexibility of flux regulation. The topology and adjustment flux principle of HSP-MM are depicted and addressed. The electromagnetic characteristics of the HSP-MM at different magnetization levels are analyzed and investigated, which demonstrates that the proposed machine has the good ability of flux regulation.

IntroductionReports on neonatal coronavirus disease (COVID) have been focused on vertical transmission. There was little information on prevalence of neonates with COVID till up to 18 months of age. It is well known that breastfeeding is beneficial for the growth and development of infants. We hypothesized that breastfeeding will be beneficial for a better prevalence of neonatal COVID. The objective of this study is to explore the prognosis of fever neonates with confirmed community infection of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron, and to clarify whether human milk breastfeeding is beneficial for reducing the rate of severe SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection in neonates.Methods and analysisThis is a prospective single centre cohort study. Study period is from December, 2022 to December 2024. Inclusion criteria are: (1) Age ≤ 28 days or corrected age ≤ 44 weeks. (2) Fever. (3) Both tests (throat swab) of nucleic acid and antigen of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron were positive. (4) Parents signed the consents. Exclusion criteria is confirmed brain malformations. Patients will be classified into breastfeeding, mixed feeding, and formula feeding groups. The estimate sample size will be 200. The throat swab of infants will be collected for SARS-CoV-2 omicron nucleic acid ad antigen examination. Neonatal COIVD patients will be treated in the Out-Patient Department or admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit according to the severity of infection. All patients will be followed at 3/6/12/18M of age. The endpoint to study was at 18 months of age. Data will be collected by Case Record Form and Electronic Data Capture from the History of In-hospital System. The primary outcome was the rate of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.SPSS 20.0software will used for statistical analysis.Ethics and disseminationIt is approved by local Institute of Ethics Review Board (#[2022]-E-240-Y).RegistrationIt is registered in the Chinese Clinical Trail Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn) (ChiCTR2200067148)Strengths and limitations of this studyThis is a prospective single centre cohort study for fever neonates with confirmed community infection of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron.Patients are categorized into breastfeeding group, mixed feeding group, and formula group.The primary outcome is rate of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.The secondary outcomes include in-hospital outcomes and follow-up outcomes at 3M/6M/12//18M.Limitation are the observational nature and the single centre data.

Investigating oceanic variations at multiple spatial and temporal scales is vital for an in-depth understanding of the ocean response to global climate change. However, the available observational datasets contain uncertainties and deficiencies that leave them insufficient for investigating global ocean variability with long temporal scales and/or meso spatial scales. Here, we present a daily and century-long (1901–2010) global oceanic simulation dataset with high resolution (1/10° horizontal resolution and 55 vertical layers) forced by 6-hour atmospheric data from ERA-20C. Preliminary evaluations demonstrate that this simulation can realistically reproduce the large-scale global ocean circulation and capture the essential features of global surface mesoscale eddies. This long-running high-resolution simulation dataset provides temporally highly resolved oceanic and flux variables. Together with its good performance in simulating the global oceanic state, this eddy-resolving simulation has the potential to help toward a better understanding of ocean variability at multiple spatial and temporal scales.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and COVID-19 vaccination may cause splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT), which is potentially fatal. The present study aims to pool the incidence and outcomes of SVT patients with COVID-19 or having received COVID-19 vaccines. The PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched. Based on the data from cohort studies, meta-analyses were performed to evaluate the incidence of SVT in COVID-19 patients or people having received COVID-19 vaccines. Pooled proportions were calculated. Based on the individual data from case reports, logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with death in SVT patients. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated. Among 654 papers initially identified, 135 were included. Based on 12 cohort studies, the pooled incidence of SVT in COVID-19 patients was 0.6%. Data were insufficient to estimate the incidence of SVT after COVID-19 vaccination. Based on 123 case reports, the mortality was 14% (9/64) in SVT patients with COVID-19 and 25% (15/59) in those who received COVID-19 vaccines. Univariate analyses demonstrated that age (OR = 1.061; p = 0.017), diabetes mellitus (OR = 14.00; p = 0.002), anticoagulation (OR = 0.098; p = 0.004), and bowel resection (OR = 16.00; p = 0.001) were significantly associated with death in SVT patients with COVID-19; and anticoagulation (OR = 0.025; p = 0.003) and intravenous immunoglobulin (OR = 0.175; p = 0.046) were significantly associated with death in SVT patients who received COVID-19 vaccines. Multivariate analyses did not identify any independent factor for death in both patients. SVT in COVID-19 patients and in subjects who received COVID-19 vaccines carries a high mortality, but may be improved by anticoagulation. PROSPERO Identifier CRD42022315254.

Generalised epilepsy is thought to involve distributed brain networks. However, the molecular and cellular factors that render different brain regions more vulnerable to epileptogenesis remain largely unknown. We aimed to investigate epilepsy-related morphometric similarity network (MSN) abnormalities at the macroscale level and their relationships with microscale gene expressions at the microscale level.We compared the MSN of genetic generalised epilepsy with generalised tonic-clonic seizure patients (GGE-GTCS, n = 101) to demographically matched healthy controls (HC, n = 150). Cortical MSNs were estimated by combining seven morphometric features derived from structural magnetic resonance imaging for each individual. Regional gene expression profiles were derived from brain-wide microarray measurements provided by the Allen Human Brain Atlas.GGE-GTCS patients exhibited decreased regional MSNs in primary motor, prefrontal and temporal regions and increases in occipital, insular and posterior cingulate cortices, when compared with the HC. These case-control neuroimaging differences were validated using split-half analyses and were not affected by medication or drug response effects. When assessing associations with gene expression, genes associated with GGE-GTCS-related MSN differences were enriched in several biological processes, including 'synapse organisation', 'neurotransmitter transport' pathways and excitatory/inhibitory neuronal cell types. Collectively, the GGE-GTCS-related cortical vulnerabilities were associated with chromosomes 4, 5, 11 and 16 and were dispersed bottom-up at the cellular, pathway and disease levels, which contributed to epileptogenesis, suggesting diverse neurobiologically relevant enrichments in GGE-GTCS.By bridging the gaps between transcriptional signatures and in vivo neuroimaging, we highlighted the importance of using MSN abnormalities of the human brain in GGE-GTCS patients to investigate disease-relevant genes and biological processes.

Classification of surrounding rock is the cornerstone of tunnel design and construction. The traditional methods are mainly qualitative and manual and require extensive professional knowledge and engineering experience. To minimize the effect of the empirical judgment on the accuracy of surrounding rock classification, it is necessary to reduce human participation. An intelligent classification technique based on information technology and artificial intelligence could overcome these issues. In this regard, using 299 groups of drilling parameters collected automatically using intelligent drill jumbos in tunnels for the Zhengzhou–Wanzhou high-speed railway in China, an intelligent-classification surrounding-rock database is constructed in this study. Based on a machine learning algorithm, an intelligent classification model is then developed, which has an overall accuracy of 91.9%. Finally, using the core of the model, the intelligent classification system for the surrounding rock of drilled and blasted tunnels is integrated, and the system is carried by intelligent jumbos to perform automatic recording and transmission of drilling parameters and intelligent classification of the surrounding rock. This approach provides a foundation for the dynamic design and construction (both conventional and intelligent) of tunnels.

To ensure the successful completion of the unmanned sampling and encapsulation mission of the Chang’e-5 lunar explorer, it is necessary to operate the complex mechanism and equipment on the spacecraft to complete the lunar soil sampling and encapsulation in the uncertain environment within a limited time. To solve this problem, this paper designed a “near verification-remote control” bilaterally integrated operation system; the state-space model was established, which deduces and analyzes the influence factors of the model state transition, and it proposed the autonomous control design based on states drive. Finally, through special verification tests, the correctness and effectiveness of the operating system design were demonstrated. Under the support of this operation system, the Chang’e-5 explorer completed the first unmanned lunar sampling and encapsulation mission in China.

Increased TLR7 signaling leading to type-I IFN production is an important contributor to human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). PACSIN1, a molecule that regulates synaptic vesicle recycling, has been linked to TLR7/9-mediated type I interferon production in mice, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. We undertook this study to explore pathogenicity and underlying mechanism of a de novo PACSIN1 missense variant identified in a child with SLE.PACSIN1 Q59K de novo and null variants were introduced into a human pDC cell line and mice by CRISPR/Cas9 editing. The effects of the variants on TLR7/9 signaling in human and mouse cells, as well as PACSIN1 mRNA and interferon signature in SLE patients, were assessed by real-time PCR and flow cytometry. Mechanisms were investigated by luciferase reporter assays, RNA interference, co- immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence.We established that PACSIN1 forms a trimolecular complex with TRAF4 and TRAF6 important for the regulation of type I-IFN. The Q59K mutation in PACSIN1 augments binding to N-WASP whilst it decreases binding to TRAF4, leading to unrestrained TRAF6-mediated activation of type-I IFN. Intriguingly, PACSIN1 Q59K increased TLR7 but not TLR9 signaling in human cells, leading to elevated IFN-β and interferon-inducible genes. Untreated SLE patients had high PACSIN1 expression in peripheral blood cells that correlated positively with interferon-related genes. Introduction of the Pacsin1 Q59K into mice caused increased surface TLR7 and Trail expression in B cells.PACSIN1 Q59K increases IFN-β activity via impairing TRAF4-mediated inhibition of TLR7 signaling, possibly contributing to SLE risk. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Cadmium (Cd) stress is one of the principal abiotic stresses that inhibit maize growth. The research was to explore (hemin chloride) Hemin (100 μmol L−1) on photosynthesis, ascorbic acid (AsA)-glutathione (GSH) cycle system, and polyamine metabolism of maize under Cd stress (85 mg L−1) using nutrient solution hydroponics, with Tiannong 9 (Cd tolerant) and Fenghe 6 (Cd sensitive) as experimental materials. The results showed that Hemin can increase leaf photosynthetic pigment content and ameliorate the ratio of Chlorophyll a/chlorophyll b (Chla/Chlb) under Cd stress. The values of ribose 1, 5-diphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBPcase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase), and total xanthophyll cycle pool [(violoxanthin (V), antiflavin (A) and zeaxanthin (Z)] increased, which enhancing xanthophyll cycle (DEPS) de-epoxidation, and alleviating stomatal and non-stomatal limitation of leaf photosynthesis. Hemin significantly increased net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (Tr), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), PSII maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), and electron transfer rate (ETR), which contributed to the improvement of the PSII photosynthetic system. Compared with Cd stress, Hemin can reduce thiobartolic acid reactant (TBARS) content, superoxide anion radical (O2−) production rate, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation, and the extent of electrolyte leakage (EL); decreased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) content and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT); slowed the decrease in dehydroascorbic acid reductase (DHAR) and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) activity and the increase in glutathione reductase (GR) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity in leaves; promoted the increase in AsA and GSH content, decreased dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and increased AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG ratios under Cd stress. Hemin promoted the increase of conjugated and bound polyamine content, and the conversion process speed of free putrescine (Put) to free spermine (Spm) and spermidine (Spd) in maize; decreased polyamine oxidase (PAO) activity and increased diamine oxidase (DAO), arginine decarboxylase (ADC), ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) enzyme activities in leaves under Cd stress.

Objectives There are increasing numbers of studies of pleural tags (PTs). The purpose of this case series was to classify the PTs in patients with peripheral pulmonary adenocarcinoma based on radiologic-pathologic comparison and to study the prognosis. Methods The clinical, imaging, pathological and prognostic data of 161 patients with peripheral pulmonary adenocarcinoma in three hospitals were analyzed retrospectively. We classified PTs using computed tomography (CT) for pathologic comparison. Results According to the relationship between tumors and pleural on CT images, PTs were classified into four types: type 1, one or more linear pleural tag; type 2, one or more linear pleural tag with soft tissue component at the pleural end; type 3, one soft tissue cord-like pleural tag; type 4, directly abutting the visceral pleura, pulling or pushing the visceral pleura. In these PTs, the incidence of visceral pleural invasion (VPI) was high in type 2 (46.88%) and type 3 (56.41%) of PTs. Our prognostic analysis showed that micropapillary or solid histological subtype (HR = 5.766, 95% CI: 1.435–23.159, P = 0.014) and type 3 of PTs (HR = 11.058, 95% CI: 1.349–90.623, P = 0.025) were two independent risk factors for tumor progression. Conclusions PT is a risk factor for poor prognosis in patients with peripheral pulmonary adenocarcinoma, the presence of which on CT images can remind us to provide patients with a more reasonable treatment.

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a professional type I IFN producer that play critical roles in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. However, both genetic regulation of the function of pDCs and their relationships with autoimmunity are largely undetermined. Here, we investigated the causality of the neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 (NCF1) missense variant, which is one of the most significant associated risk variants for lupus, and found that the substitution of arginine (R) for histidine (H) at position 90 in the NCF1 protein (NCF1 p.R90H) led to excessive activation of pDCs. A mechanism study demonstrated that p.R90H reduced the affinity of NCF1 for phospholipids, thereby impairing endosomal localization of NCF1. As NCF1 is a subunit of the NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) complex, this impairment led to an acidified endosomal pH and facilitated downstream TLR signaling. Consistently, the homozygous knockin mice manifested aggravated lupus progression in a pDC-dependent lupus model. More important, pharmaceutical intervention revealed that hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) could antagonize the detrimental function of NCF1 p.R90H in the lupus model and systemic lupus erythematosus samples, supporting the idea that NCF1 p.R90H could be identified as a genetic biomarker for HCQ application. Therefore, our study provides insights into the genetic control of pDC function and a paradigm for applying genetic variants to improve targeted therapy for autoimmune diseases.