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ObjectivesThe purpose of this meta-analysis is to assess whether there is an association between headache disorders and all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD).MethodsPubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for cohort studies published from database inception to October 8, 2021, using medical subject headings (MeSH) and keywords. All statistical analyses were performed using Stata statistical software version 14.0. If P > 0.1 and I2 ≤ 50%, a fixed-effects model was adopted. If I2 > 50% (which indicated great heterogeneity), a random-effects model was adopted. The funnel plot and Egger's test were used to evaluate publication bias.ResultsThis meta-analysis included 12 cohort studies covering 465,358 individuals, which were published between 2001 and 2020. The pooling analysis shows that a history of any headache disorder is associated with an increased risk of all-cause dementia (OR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.21–1.50; I2 = 81.6%, P < 0.001). The history of any headache was associated with an increased risk of AD (OR = 1.49; 95% CI: 1.08–2.05; I2 = 70.0%, P = 0.003) and VaD (OR = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.32–2.25; I2 = 0%, P < 0.001). In the subgroup analysis, females with a history of headache have a slightly higher risk of dementia than males (OR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.16–1.51; I2 = 88.3%, P < 0.001) and the risk of dementia in the retrospective cohort was slightly higher than in the prospective cohort (OR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.22–1.56; I2 = 83.4%, P < 0.001).ConclusionsOur meta-analysis shows that any headache disorder increases the risk of all-cause dementia, AD, or VaD. These findings provide evidence that headache should be recognized as an independent risk factor for dementia, AD, or VaD.

To retrospectively analyze the relationship between preoperative blood parameters and postoperative clinical outcomes in patients with different molecular subtypes of breast cancer (BC), a cohort of 601 patients with BC in the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, was retrospectively reviewed. They were categorized into four subtypes according to the expression of ER, PR, HER-2, and KI-67%. White blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil, and platelet counts, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the neutrophil-to-monocyte ratio (NMR), the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were recorded. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the relationship between parameters and ratios and disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Luminal subtypes of BC had smaller tumor volume, better differentiation degree of invasive ductal carcinoma, less lymph node metastasis, and better clinical outcome than the HER-2 overexpression and triple-negative BC (TNBC) subtypes. In multivariate analysis, age and LMR were the independent prognostic factors of DFS in patients with luminal A (age, p = 0.005; LMR, P = 0.026); PLR in patients with luminal B (DFS; p = 0.032; OS, p= 0.012); LMR in patients with HER-2 overexpression (DFS; p = 0.008; OS, p = 0.017); and NLR for DFS (p = 0.014); and WBC for OS (p = 0.008) in patients with TNBC. LMR was the benign predictor of luminal A and HER-2 overexpression. PLR was the adverse predictor of luminal B. WBC and NLR were the adverse predictors of TNBC. Therefore, these peripheral blood parameters can play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with different molecular subtypes of BC.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. (A) U87 TMZ-R cells were treated with increasing concentration of berberine for 72 hours. Cell viability was analyzed by MTT assay. (B) U251 TMZ-R cells were treated with increasing concentration of berberine for 72 hours. Cell viability was analyzed by MTT assay. (C) and (D) TMZ resistance cells were treated with 100 μM TMZ with or without 10 μM berberine for 24 hrs. Colony formation assays were repeated at least three times. Results were presented as means ± SD from three independent experiments. **, P < 0.01. Figure S2. (A) TMZ resistance U87 cells were treated with 100 μM TMZ with or without 10 μM berberine for 24 hrs. The invasion ability was analyzed as indicated. (B) TMZ resistance U251 cells were treated with 100 μM TMZ with or without 10 μM berberine for 24 hrs. The invasion ability was analyzed as indicated. BBR: berberine. Figure S3. (A) Western blotting of MGMT in U87 and U87/TMZ-R cells. (B) U87/TMZ-R cells were treated with 10 μM berberine at indicated time points. MGMT was analyzed by western blotting. (C) and (D) TMZ-R U87 cells were transfected with GFP-LC3 plasmid, followed by treatment with 100 μM TMZ with or without 10 μM berberine for 24 hrs. The numbers of GFP-LC3 puncta were quantified with confocal microscopy. Figure S4. (A) and (B) TMZ resistance cells pretreated with 1 mM 3-MA were treated with 100 μM TMZ with or without 10 μM berberine for 24 hrs. Colony formation assays were repeated at least three times. (C) and (D) TMZ resistance cells pretreated with bafilomycin A1 (10 nM) were treated with 100 μM TMZ with or without 10 μM berberine for 24 hrs. Apoptosis was analyzed flow cytometry. Figure S5. (A) Paraffin-embedded sections of TMZ-R tumor tissues from mice treated were analyzed by active caspase 3 staining. Scale bar: 25μm. BBR: berberine. (B) Paraffin-embedded sections of TMZ-R tumor tissues from mice treated were analyzed by LC3B staining. Scale bar: 25μm. BBR: berberine.

There is increasing evidence that circular RNA (circRNA) are involved in cancer development, but the regulation and function of human circRNA remain largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that ZKSCAN1, a zinc finger family gene, is expressed in both linear and circular (circZKSCAN1) forms of RNA in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and cell lines. Here, we analyzed a cohort of 102 patients and found that expression of both ZKSCAN1 mRNA and circZKSCAN1 was significantly lower (P

In view of the requirement of controling the signal source in performance test, a host control software for wideband signal generatorator based on the technology of CPCI Bus is designed, which based on the VC and MATLAB joint programming, and has simple and friendly interface. After a series of test, communication through CPCI Bus of the software and the hardware of the wideband signal generatorator is proved correct, and it can draw the signal wave and correctly transfer parameters of the signal. It proves this PC Software has a good performance and achieves the controling requirement.

In order to solve the parameter estimation problem while multi-frequency hopping signal aliasing, this paper proposes a multi-frequency hopping parameter estimation algorithm based on FastICA (Fast Independent Component Analysis). Firstly, the FastICA algorithm is used to blindly separate the observed signals, and then using the short-time Fourier transform to extract the time-frequency ridges from separated signals. After that, wavelet transform is used to detect its singularities, and to estimate the period of each frequency-hopping signal. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can blindly separate multiple hopping signals and estimate their hopping periods, with fast convergence speed and strong robustness.

DC/OS is a widely used distributed operating system that abstracts the resources of light-weighted virtualized datacenters, which is based on Mesos distributed systems kernel and user space services such as Marathon. It automates resource management and process scheduling, thus significantly impacts the performance of datacenters. In this paper, we propose Themis, a flexible, automatic and distributed framework, to evaluate the performance and scalability across both DC/OS and virtualization layer. We can integrate most emerging scale-out datacenter workloads into this framework, and get an easily understandable score that scales with underlying system capacity using a configurable controlled strategy.

The yak(Bos grunniens),sometimes called "the boat of the plateau",is an endemic species of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,famous for its resistance to cold and importance as a form of transport.The total number of adults may be close to 10,000 because the total population was estimated to be around 15,000 in 1995.Nevertheless,the species was listed as "Vulnerable" in the World Conservation Union's Red List of Threatened Animals because it is inferred that it has declined by over 30% over the last 30 years.Poaching,including commercial poaching for meat,has been the most serious threat to wild yaks.The species was listed on CITES Appendix I.Wild yaks have been protected in China since 1962,and are currently listed as a Class I protected animal,which means that they are fully protected by government law.In China,wild yaks are found in a number of large nature reserves,including the Arjin Shan,Chang Tang,Kekexili,Sanjiangyuan,and Yanchiwan Nature Reserves,although none of these reserves provide complete protection from habitat loss or occasional poaching.The yak population in the Helan Mountains is a reintroduced population from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and is only distributed in the Halawu Valleys and the surrounding areas,in the Helan Mountain Reserve in Inner Mongolia.Because their habitat selection had not been previously studied,we conducted surveys from December 2009 to January 2010 and from April to May 2010 to study yak habitat selection in winter and spring.Twenty line transects were established along seven valleys.We identified a total number of 103 used plots in winter and 129 in spring.To provide comparison plots for the analysis of habitat selections,we surveyed 188 randomly placed plots in winter and 207 randomly placed plots in spring by systematically placing transects in areas with no obvious evidence of yak use.Data on 18 topographic and biological variables were collected in each plot.In winter,yaks preferred montane coniferous forest,lower altitude(2000 m),habitat dominated by Ulmus glaucescens,more gentle slopes(10°),sites closer to the foot of the mountain,areas distant from water resource(1200 m),moderate distance from human disturbance(2000—4000 m) and abundant hiding cover(70%).In spring,yak preferred subalpine shrubland and meadow,higher altitude(3000 m),lower tree density(1 tree/100 m2),lower tree height(3 m),greater distances from trees(3 m),higher shrub density(40 trees/100 m2),short distance to shrub(1 m) and higher vegetation coverage(70%).Habitat selection of the yak showed significant differences in vegetation type,landform feature,dominant tree species,shrub type,position on mountain(e.g.top or base),slope direction,distance from human disturbance and distance from water resource between winter and spring.Results of principal components analysis indicated that the first principal component axis accounted for 21.10% of the total variance in habitat use during winter,with the highest correlation coefficient for distance to nearest tree,dominant tree species,tree height,tree density.In spring,the first principal components axis accounted for 31.247% of the variance,with highest correlation coefficient for vegetation type,altitude,landform feature,shrub density.Compared to other migrating yak populations distributed in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,there were significant differences in yak habitat selection between different seasons in the Helan Mountains.Yaks are acclimatized to the particular geography and climate in the Helan Mountains.