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Arterial calcification is an important risk factor for patients with end-stage renal disease. Despite substantial research efforts, the detailed mechanisms of the process of arterial calcification in end-stage renal disease remain unclear. miR-133a expression in radial artery samples was detected by FISH and Alizarin Red Staining. The expressions of miR-133a and RUNX2 in A7r5 cells with BMP2 induction were detected by qRT-PCR. In addition, qRT-PCR, Western blot, and ELISA assay were performed to detect changes in miR-133a levels in A7R5 cells after different treatments. Alizarin Red staining showed that red crystal deposition occurred in the tunica media. FISH analysis indicated that miR-133a was upregulated in the tunica media of the radial artery samples without calcification when compared with those with calcification. We also found that expression of RUNX2 in A7r5 cells increased at day 7 and day 14 after BMP2 induction and decreased miR-133a expression decreased at day 14. In addition, RUNX2 protein and OCN expression were upregulated in A7r5 cells during BMP2-induced calcification. When miR-133a expression was suppressed, cell calcification aggravated, which led to upregulation of RUNX2 and OCN. When miR-133a was overexpressed, calcification of cells was inhibited, resulting in downregulation of RUNX2 and OCN. The present study reveals that miR-133a could indirectly regulate cell calcification through the RUNX2 gene expression. Our findings provide insight into the potential use of miR-133a as a molecular target for diagnosing vascular calcification in end-stage renal disease.

Li Wang,1 Sha Li,1 Yihao Mo,1 Mingliang Hu,1 Junwei Zhang,1 Min Zeng,1 Huafeng Li,1 Honglei Zhao2 1Department of Nephrology, People’s Hospital of Longhua District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Honglei Zhao, Tel + 86-755-23650123, Email zhldoctor@tom.comPurpose: The current study was to evaluate the gender-disparities in the in-hospital thrombotic and bleeding events among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Patients and Methods: Patients with CKD undergoing PCI were retrospectively enrolled. Baseline characteristics, and thrombotic and bleeding events occurred during hospitalization were collected and compared by gender.Results: Compared to males (n = 558), females (n = 402) were older and more likely to have diabetes mellitus (37.1% vs 29.7%). Females had a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; 51.2 ± 7.9 vs 54.6 ± 5.1 mL/min/1.73m2) and were more likely to undergo urgent PCI (66.7% vs 60.2%) and use glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (15.4% vs 7.5%) at peri-PCI period. Compared to males, females had a higher rate of in-hospital mortality which was due to thrombotic events (9.0% vs 3.4%). Females also had a higher rate of moderate-to-severe hemorrhage (8.0% vs 3.2%). After multivariable adjustment, diabetes mellitus (odds ratio [OR] 1.15 and 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07–1.29) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) presentation (OR 1.53 and 95% CI 1.34–1.93) were associated with gender-disparities in composite thrombotic events. Ageing (OR 1.10 and 95% CI 1.02–1.33), diabetes mellitus (OR 1.21 and 95% CI 1.07–1.40) and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor use (OR 1.13 and 95% CI 1.02–1.28) were associated with composite bleeding events.Conclusion: Females with CKD undergoing PCI had a higher risk of experiencing in-hospital thrombotic and bleeding events than males.Keywords: coronary heart disease, chronic kidney disease, prognosis, gender