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To identify the characteristics of inflammatory fibroid polyps (IFP) in the terminal ileum and to investigate the methods, safety, and efficacy of colonoscopic minimally invasive dissection and resection therapies for its treatment. Colonoscopy and colonoscopic ultrasonography were used to diagnose patients with protruding mucosal lesions in the terminal ileum, and the results suggested a high suspicion of IFPs. Colonoscopic minimally invasive dissection and resection were performed for these patients, and IFP was confirmed by postoperative pathological examination and immunohistochemical staining. Twelve cases of IFP from April 2016 to December 2020 in our hospital were examined pathologically and immunohistochemically. The IFPs in the terminal ileum were all successfully excised by colonoscopy. There were no postoperative perforation, bleeding, or recurrence cases during the follow-up. The features of the lesions, as well as the efficacy of colonoscopic minimally invasive dissection and resection, were reviewed. Terminal ileum IFPs have corresponding colonoscopic and endoscopic ultrasonographic features. For IFPs less than 2 cm in size and within 10 cm of the ileocecal valve, removal by colonoscopy was proven less invasive, safe, and effective.

Chao Jiang,1,2,&ast; Si Yin,1,&ast; Jianmin Wei,3,&ast; Weigong Zhao,1 Xiaohui Wang,1,2 Yongyuan Zhang,1,2 Dingjun Hao,2 Heng Du1 1Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Spine Surgery, Baoji City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baoji, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Heng DuDepartment of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail drdu18@126.comObjective: The purpose of this study was to introduce and evaluate the early clinical outcomes of the full-endoscopic posterior lumbar interbody fusion (Endo-PLIF) technique with epidural anesthesia (EA) for single-segment lumbar degenerative diseases.Methods: In this retrospective case series study, we explored the feasibility and effectiveness of the Endo-PLIF with EA for single-segment lumbar degenerative diseases. Between March 2018 and January 2019, a series of 24 patients with single-segment lumbar degenerative diseases underwent Endo-PLIF surgery and were followed up for a minimum of 12 months (15.21± 2.27 months). Clinical outcomes including visual analog scale (VAS) scores for back and leg pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores, and the Short Form-36 health survey questionnaire (SF-36) were evaluated preoperatively, and postoperatively at 3 days and at 3, 6, and 12-months.Results: All patients underwent successful single-segment Endo-PLIF surgery. The mean operation time was 209.17± 39.49 min, and average amount of bleeding was 43.33± 14.87 mL. The VAS for lower extremity pain and back pain significantly improved at 3 days, and at 3, 6, 12 months compared with preoperative, respectively. The ODI scores decreased from 42.04± 3.96 to 12.75± 2.71 (P< 0.001) at preoperative and 12 months postoperatively, respectively. The SF-36 Physical Component Scores (PCS) improved from 34.96± 4.63 preoperatively to 52.08± 6.05 (P< 0.001) at 12 months postoperatively. Additionally, the SF-36 Mental Component Scores (MCS) improved from 39.38± 5.70 at preoperative to 53.13± 5.97 (P< 0.001) at 12 months postoperatively. Two patients experienced dysesthesia, and one patient had a wound infection.Conclusion: Endo-PLIF with EA is a feasible and valuable technique for the treatment of single-segment lumbar degenerative diseases in selected patients.Keywords: full-endoscopic posterior lumbar interbody fusion, lumbar degenerative disease, lumbar fusion, clinical outcome

BackgroundSchwannoma is a benign tumor, of which degenerated schwannoma is a subtype. Retroperitoneal schwannomas are extremely rare, as they account for only 3% of retroperitoneal tumors.Degenerated schwannoma is a schwannoma subtype. However,degenerated schwannoma occurring in the adrenal glands is extremely rare.Case summaryCase 1: A 42-year-old man was referred to our hospital for further examination of a left adrenal mass that was incidentally discovered during a routine physical check-up.No significant abnormalities were found in laboratory tests results. Robotic-assisted laparoscopic excision of the left adrenal gland was performed under general anesthesia. Case 2: A 47-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of a left adrenal mass found on a routine physical examination.The patient was previously in good health, and there was no family history of a similar disorder. Left-sided laparoscopic adrenalectomy was performed under general anaesthesia. Case 3: A 62-year-old woman with hypertension and diabetes mellitus was referred to our hospital after an incidentally found left adrenal mass.There was no family history of a similar disorder. Left-sided laparoscopic adrenalectomy was performed under general anaesthesia. None of the patients had a recurrence in our study during the postoperative follow-up.ConclusionDegenerated schwannoma of the adrenal glands is very rare. The clinical presentations of degenerated schwannoma are nonspecific; a small number of patients do not have any symptoms, and the mass is only found incidentally during physical examination for any number of reasons. The preoperative diagnosis of adrenal degenerated schwannoma is difficult because the diagnosis must rely on pathological examination and immunohistochemistry assays. The management is surgical excision and regular follow-up.

BackgroundThe ectopic pancreas is a kind of congenital malformation formed during embryonic development, which has no anatomical relationship with the normal pancreas and is a rare solid disease. The ectopic pancreas in the adrenal glands is extremely rare.Case summaryA 32-year-old man was admitted to the hospital after experiencing elevated blood pressure for 2 years as well as dizziness and blurred vision for 2 weeks. He had an elevated blood pressure of 170/110 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) on physical examination 2 years ago, without palpitations, chest pain, and chest tightness. Two weeks ago, he presented with dizziness and blurred vision. Blood renin and aldosterone levels were elevated. Plain CT and contrast-enhanced CT scan showed nodular thickening of the left adrenal and homogeneous enhancement, which was initially considered adrenal adenoma. The postoperative pathology supported the ectopic pancreas in the left adrenal. After 78 months of postoperative follow-up, no recurrence was observed, but his blood pressure remained persistently high.ConclusionThe ectopic pancreas occurring in the adrenal glands is extremely rare, has no specific clinical symptoms, and is mainly found for other reasons. It can easily be misdiagnosed as an adrenal adenoma. The final confirmation of the diagnosis still depends on the pathological biopsy. A great deal of reporting is still required for whether there is a correlation with elevated blood pressure.

Additional file 1. Containing Additional discussion, detailed Material and Methods, statistics and 2 additional figures.

Pulse eddy current (PEC) testing has the technical characteristics of fast response, wide frequency range and noncontact, which is an effective means to achieve non-destructive testing of laser welding structural defects. According to the principle of PEC detection, a finite element model of PEC detection for laser welding seam defects is established. For the PEC differential response signal obtained by simulation. the six types of feature values are proposed, including peak value (P), time of peak value(TP), peak and rising curvature ratio(PRCR), fundamental amplitude (AF), amplitude ratio of fundamental and third harmonic (AFR)and marginal sprctrum peak value(MSP) based on Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT). Next, the features are calculated and analyzed, which are selected as the input of the support vector machine (SVM), and the laser welding seam defect structure defect are identified and evaluated, which provides a new way for the non-destructive testing of weld defects in the laser welding seam process.

Supplementary Materials

An all-fiber laser is developed with high peak power, narrow linewidth,linearly polarization, and nanosecond pulse. The single-frequency continuous fiber laser is externally modulated by an electro-optical intensity modulator(EOIM) and a stable pulsed seed laser is obtained with the pulse width of 10 ns and the repetitions rate of 10 kHz. Multistage MOPA structure scheme is adopted.After two stages core-pumped preamplifiers and three stages cladding-pumped amplifiers, the average output power of the laser reach to 21.3W with the peak power of 267 kW. At the highest output power, the signalto-noise ratio of the spectral is greater than 30dB, the polarization extinction ratio is superior 15dB and the Mx2 and My2 factors are 1.28, 1.23, respectively. Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) was not found in the experiment. By increasing the pump power, the average power and peak power can be further improved.

Four new cytochalasans, arbuschalasins A-D (1-4), along with thirteen known analogues (5-17), were isolated from the solid rice medium of endophytic fungus Xylaria arbuscula. Arbuschalasins A-B feature a rare 5/6/6/6 fused ring system while arbuschalasin D was characterized as the first example of natural cytochalasans that possesses a 5/5/11 fused scaffold. The structures of 1-4 were assigned by spectroscopic data, with their absolute structures being determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. All of the isolates were evaluated against the human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines (HCT15). Compounds 6 and 7 showed significant inhibitory effects (IC

Acoustic emission (AE) signals are generated during aluminum alloy double-pulse melt inert-gas (DP-MIG) welding, which contains physical information related to arc stability and weld forming quality. In this paper, the AE signal test platform of aluminum alloy DP-MIG welding is constructed. An adaptive resonance demodulation method for AE signals in unknown frequency bands is proposed, which is applied for the AE signals of the six groups different welding process parameters. The time-domain waveform and frequency spectrum of the acquired AE envelope signals are consistent with that of the arc current. Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) is performed on the envelope signal to obtain a time-frequency diagram. The signal energy changes periodically along the time scale, and the frequency distribution ranges from 0 to 2000 Hz. The segmental entropy of the AE signal is calculated to evaluate the welding seam forming quality. The calculated entropy values of 0.6, 0.9 and 1 mean that the welding seam is formed well, the values of 1.6 and 1.9 mean that the welding seam is poor. The research provides a new and effective method for realizing the quality monitoring of aluminum alloy DP-MIG welding process.

Angiolipoma in the region of the hypopharynx-esophageal introitus is a rare occurrence. Surgical treatment was performed in the few cases reported in the literature. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a minimally invasive treatment for hypopharyngeal and esophageal lesions. Our objective was to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of ESD for treatment of angiolipoma at the hypopharynx-esophageal introitus. The patients with submucosal tumors at the hypopharynx-esophageal introitus were diagnosed as angiolipoma by preoperative evaluation with endoscopy, endoscopic ultrasonography, and computed tomography (CT). The patients who were diagnosed with angiolipoma agreed to undergo endoscopic submucosal dissection. Under general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation, ESD was used to remove the lesions. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data were collected and analyzed to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of endoscopic submucosal dissection. From January 2013 to December 2018, 6 cases of angiolipoma were treated with ESD with a success rate of 100%. The average operation time was 107.0±69.4 minutes. Intraoperative blood loss is the main risk. Endoscopic thermocoagulation successfully stopped bleeding in all cases. Pharyngeal pain and painful swallowing were the main clinical signs. There was no stricture at the hypopharynx-esophageal introitus after the operation. ESD treatment of angiolipoma at hypopharynx-esophageal introitus is feasible, safe, and effective.

Objective Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) protein, as cytoplasmic receptor of the innate immune response, plays an important role in adipose inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity. Our objective was to examine adipose tissue (AT) NOD in nascent metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients and to investigate its association with MetS features. Methods Thirty-four MetS subjects and 31 controls were recruited. Fasting blood was collected, and abdominal subcutaneous AT was obtained by biopsy for NOD1/NOD2 expression and activity. Results MetS subjects showed significantly increased expression for NOD1 on adipose depots as compared to controls. In addition to increased expression of downstream signaling mediators RIPK2 and NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation, there was remarkably higher release of monocyte chemotactic protein1 (MCP-1), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8 in MetS versus controls following priming of the isolated adipocytes with NOD1 ligand iE-DAP. With regard to NOD2, the differences between the two groups were not significant in either basal state or after activation. Increased NOD1 positively correlated with waist circumference. NOD1 was also correlated with HbA1c and HOMA-IR. NOD1 positively correlated with serum levels of IL-6, MCP-1, and NF-κB activity. Conclusions Activation of the innate immune pathway via NOD1 may be partially responsible for the increased systemic inflammation and insulin resistance in MetS.

To evaluate the role of sclerostin in bone loss of postmenopausal Chinese women with type 2 diabetes mellitus.The postmenopausal patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus and age, body mass index, and duration of menopause matched healthy controls were enrolled into this cross-sectional study according to criteria of inclusion and exclusion. The serum sclerostin level and bone mineral density of the anterior-posterior lumbar spine (L1-L4), femoral neck, and total hip were determined by using a quantitative sandwich ELISA kit and dual X-ray absorptiometry, respectively. Meanwhile, the clinical and laboratory indexes of bone mineral metabolism were analyzed. Associations between serum sclerostin level and bone mineral density as well as bone turnover markers were evaluated by linear regression analysis.Finally, 265 postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes and 225 non-diabetic women were recruited in the diabetic group and control group, respectively. Serum sclerostin level of the diabetic group was significantly higher than that of the control group (48.2±19.4 vs. 37.2±18.6 pmol/L, P0.001) and was increased with age in both groups (diabetic group, r=0.374, P0.001; control group, r=0.312, P0.001). In type 2 diabetes patients, serum sclerostin concentration was positively correlated with hemoglobin A1c level (r=0.237; P=0.021). Biochemical bone turnover markers, intact parathyroid hormone and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, were negatively associated with serum sclerostin level (r=-0.138, P=0.078 and r=-0.265, P0.001). Conversely, the positive correlation between sclerostin and C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen was found in diabetic patients (r=0.354, P0.001). Serum sclerostin levels of the diabetic group were positively correlated with bone mineral density of the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip (r=0.324, 0.367, and 0.416, respectively; all P0.001).Sclerostin might participate in the pathogenesis of bone loss of type 2 diabetes. The high sclerostin level might serve as a marker of increased osteocyte activity in postmenopausal patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Using 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C6MIM][PF6]) ionic liquid as extraction solvent, five estrogens including estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), 17α -ethynylestradiol (EE2), and diethylstilbestrol (DES) in water samples were determined by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) followed by high performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector and a fluorescence detector (HPLC-DAD-FLD). The extraction procedure was induced by the formation of cloudy solution, which was composed of fine drops of [C6MIM][PF6] dispersed entirely into the sample solution with the help of a disperser solvent (acetone). Parameters including both extraction and disperser solvents and their volumes, extraction and centrifugal time, sample pH, and salt effect were investigated and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, 110–349 fold enrichment factors of analytes were obtained. The calibration curves were linear in the concentration range of 0.2–100 µg L−1 for E2, E3, a...

In this study, the persistence of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) was observed in feces, urine and water. In addition, the inactivation of SARS-CoV in wastewater with sodium hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide was also studied. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the virus could only persist for 2 days in hospital wastewater, domestic sewage and dechlorinated tap water, while 3 days in feces, 14 days in PBS and 17 days in urine at 20 degrees C. However, at 4 degrees C, the SARS-CoV could persist for 14 days in wastewater and at least 17 days in feces or urine. SARS-CoV is more susceptible to disinfectants than Escherichia coli and f2 phage. Free chlorine was found to inactivate SARS-CoV better than chlorine dioxide. Free residue chlorine over 0.5 mg/L for chlorine or 2.19 mg/L for chlorine dioxide in wastewater ensures complete inactivation of SARS-CoV while it does not inactivate completely E. coli and f2 phage.

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) protein, as cytoplasmic receptor of the innate immune response, plays an important role in adipose inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity. Our objective was to examine adipose tissue (AT) NOD in nascent metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients and to investigate its association with MetS features.Thirty-four MetS subjects and 31 controls were recruited. Fasting blood was collected, and abdominal subcutaneous AT was obtained by biopsy for NOD1/NOD2 expression and activity.MetS subjects showed significantly increased expression for NOD1 on adipose depots as compared to controls. In addition to increased expression of downstream signaling mediators RIPK2 and NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation, there was remarkably higher release of monocyte chemotactic protein1 (MCP-1), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8 in MetS versus controls following priming of the isolated adipocytes with NOD1 ligand iE-DAP. With regard to NOD2, the differences between the two groups were not significant in either basal state or after activation. Increased NOD1 positively correlated with waist circumference. NOD1 was also correlated with HbA1c and HOMA-IR. NOD1 positively correlated with serum levels of IL-6, MCP-1, and NF-κB activity.Activation of the innate immune pathway via NOD1 may be partially responsible for the increased systemic inflammation and insulin resistance in MetS.

Objective To investigate the potential role of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1), a component of the innate immune system, in mediating lipid-induced insulin resistance in adipocytes. Methods Adipocytes from Toll-like receptor 4 deficiency mice were used for stimulation experiments. The effect of oleate/palmitate mixture on nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation was analyzed by reporter plasmid assay. The release of proinflammatory chemokine/cytokines production was determined by using real-time PCR. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was measured by 2-deoxy-D-[3H] glucose uptake assay. Chemokine/cytokine expression and glucose uptake in adipocytes transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting NOD1 upon fatty acids treatment were analyzed. Results Oleate/palmitate mixture activated the NF-κB pathway and induced interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mRNA expressions in adipocytes from mice deficient in Toll-like receptor 4, and these effects were blocked by siRNA targeting NOD1. Furthermore, saturated fatty acids decreased the ability of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Importantly, siRNA targeting NOD1 partially reversed saturated fatty acid-induced suppression of insulin-induced glucose uptake. Conclusion NOD1 might play an important role in saturated fatty acid-induced insulin resistance in adipocytes, suggesting a mechanism by which reduced NOD1 activity confers beneficial effects on insulin action.

The K-means algorithm is widely used because of its reliable theory, simple algorithm, fast convergence and it can effectively handle large data sets. However, the traditional K-means algorithm is sensitive to the initial cluster centers; make the average of all objects in the same class as cluster centers, so clustering results is largely affected by the isolated points. To address the problems, search the initial cluster centers of K-means algorithm used of genetic algorithms, improve the K-means algorithm to reduce the impact of isolated points, the data showed that it has good results.

Based on analyzing traditional feature weighting algorithm and according to the problem that the traditional feature weighting algorithm only considers term frequency and inverse document frequency, a improved weighting algorithm is put forward, that is, synthesizing the length, position and class information of term when computing its weight. Then verify effectiveness of the classification by KNN classifier. Experimental results show that this algorithm can improve the classification accuracy and achieve great results of classification.

Investigations of the growth-induced deformations of soft biological tissues may help understand the underlying mechanical mechanisms of their morphogenesis and provide clues for diagnosing some diseases. In the framework of continuum mechanics, we establish a three-dimensional model to analyze the instabilities of cylindrical soft tissues induced by volumetric growth. The different three-dimensional wrinkling patterns under either free or fixed boundary conditions at the outer surface are considered. It is found that Euler buckling, axially symmetrical wrinkling, and checkerboard wrinkling may occur under the traction-free boundary conditions, while axisymmetric pattern and checkerboard pattern often appear under the fixed boundary conditions. Phase diagrams are constructed to predict the morphologies in terms of the geometrical and material parameters of the system. Besides, a pseudo-dynamic numerical method is invoked to simulate the postbuckling evolutions of the wrinkling patterns.

To express the prM-E protein in Sf9 cells, and lay a basis for further study on the function of the viral proteins and development of specific diagnostic reagents.The recombinant prM-E protein of tick-borne encephalitis virus was expressed in insect cell Sf9 by RT-PCR amplification of prM-E gene, construction of donor plasmid of Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system, homologous recombination of donor plasmid with bacmid DNA at the site of Tn7 and transfection of insect cell Sf9.Recombinant subviral particles, about 30 nm in diameter, consisting of prM-E were observed by electron microscope in the supernatant of infected cells, which indicated that infected cells released virus-like particles (VLPs) into the culture medium. The results of Western-blot and the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) showed that the recombinant proteins retained antigenic and conformational structures similar to those of native virus proteins. Using the recombinant prM-E as antigens to detect samples of patient sera by ELISA and IFA, all of 16 sera from patients with tick-borne encephalitis were positive and all of 6 sera from other patients were negative.The prM-E protein expressed in insect cells retains good antigenicity.

To compare the biological characteristics of West Nile virus (WNV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), including cells sensitivity, pathogenicity, viral morphology, as well as the results of immunological and molecular biological detection.Cytopathic effect (CPE) and pathogenicity were observed in C6/36 cells and in suckling mice inoculated intracerebrally with the WNV or JEV, respectively. The sliced tissue samples for electron microscopic examination were prepared for the morphologic observation of the viruses. Serum antibody to WNV or JEV was detected using indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and the viral RNA was analyzed by RT-PCR method.WNV or JEV-caused CPE was characterized by cell fusion and cell shedding, respectively. There was no significant difference in the pathogenicity to suckling mice between WNV and JEV. The morphologic observation showed that the shape and size of the two virions were similar. WNV and JEV were found to have antigenic cross-reactivity. The viral RNA could be detected from both WNV and JEV samples with universal primer set, but only nucleoside fragments of corresponding virus could be amplified when specific primers were used.CPE in C6/36 cell and detection of the viral RNA should be useful in discrimination of WNV and JEV, and simultaneously examining the titers of serum antibodies against WNV and JEV may be helpful to diagnosis of infection with these agents.

Electron microscopical study of infected cells to identify the pathogenic agent of SARS.Vero E6 cells infected with lung autopsy samples or nasopharyngeal swabs from SARS patients of Beijing and Guangzhou were inoculated. The supernatant and cultured cells exhibiting identifiable cytopathic effect (CPE) were prepared for electron microscopic study.Examination of CPE cells on thin-section revealed characteristic coronavirus particles within the cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, vesicles and extracellular space. They were mainly spherical or oval in shape, annular or dense, about 80 nm in diameter. Negative-stain electron microscopy identified coronavirus particles in culture supernatant, 80 - 120 nm in diameter, with club-shaped surface projections. Elongated, rod-, kidney- or other irregular shaped virons with the size of 100 - 200 nm by 60 - 90 nm were also found in the cultured cells infected with the lung samples from the Guangdong patients. Infectious virons entered cells by endocytosis or membrane fusion and released through a budding process.These data indicate a novel coronavirus as the causative agent of SARS. Most viral particles showed typical characteristics of coronavirus. The potential role of special shape viruses is expected to be further investigated.

This paper discusses the elastic equilibrium problems of rectangular thin plates of varying thickness and simply supported on all four sides by linear and nonlinear theory. using the Navier method to seek an approach to the problem, and illustrates the solution with two examples. In conclusion, mention in made of scope of application and the convergency of the solution.

A simple method of treating cobalt-60 and iodine-131 production liquid waste can be disposed completely after alkalized by sodium hydroxide and then run through the soil wastes of coal ball column; while the iodine-131 production liquid waste can be disposed completely after reduced by sodium bisulfite, alkalized by sodium hydroxide and finally run through the soil wastes of coal ball column. The present method is better than the adsorption method through soils, for the liquid wastes can go through the soil wastes of coal ball more freely. The decontamination factor of this method is very high. Under the experimental conditions, one hundred grams of the soil wastes of coal can be used to dispose more than 15 liters of cobalt-60 liquid waste and 10 liters of iodine-131 production liquid waste respectively.

Telluric acid can be recovered from iodine-131 production liquid waste. The waste was alkalized with ammonia water and precipitated with alcohol. The crude ammonium tellurate precipitate can be turned to telluric acid by recrystallizing from nitric acid. Spectrophotometric and chemical analysis of telluric acid showed that the purity of recovered telluric acid was satisfactory. The recovered telluric acid was reused, and showed the yield of iodine-131 from recovered telluric acid was the same as from original Cica C.P. grade telluric acid.