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Ion channel is an integral membrane protein that allows the permeation of charge ions across hydrophobic phospholipid membranes, including plasma membranes and organelle membranes (such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and vacuoles), which are widely distributed in various cells and tissues, such as cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells, and nerve cells. Ion channels establish membrane potential by regulating ion concentration and membrane potential. Membrane potential plays an important role in cells. Studies have shown that ion channels play a role in a number of immune-related diseases caused by functional defects in ion channels on immune or non-immune cells in major human organs, usually affecting specific organs or multiple organs. The present review discusses the relationship between ion channels and immune diseases in major organs of the human body.

Hypoxia refers to a state of oxygen limitation, which mainly mediates pathological processes in the human body and participates in the regulation of normal physiological processes. In the hypoxic environment, the main regulator of human body homeostasis is the hypoxia-inducible factor family (HIF). HIF can regulate the expression of many hypoxia-induced genes and then participate in various physiological and pathological processes of the human body. Ion-transporting proteins are extremely important types of proteins. Ion-transporting proteins are distributed on cell membranes or organelles and strictly control the inflow or outflow of ions in cells or organelles. Changes in ions in cells are often closely related to extensive physiological and pathological processes in the human body. Numerous studies have confirmed that hypoxia and its regulatory factors can regulate the transcription and expression of ion-transporting protein-related genes. Under hypoxic stress, the regulation and interaction of ion-transporting proteins by hypoxia often leads to diseases of various human systems and even tumors. Using ion-transporting proteins and hypoxia as targets to explore the mechanism of digestive system diseases and targeted therapy is expected to become a new breakthrough point.

Exosomes are membranous vesicles containing RNA and proteins that are specifically secreted in vivo. Exosomes have many functions, such as material transport and signal transduction between cells. Many studies have proven that exosomes can not only be used as biomarkers for disease diagnosis but also as carriers to transmit information between cells. Exosomes participate in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, including the immune response, antigen presentation, cell migration, cell differentiation, and tumour development. Differences in exosome functions depend on cell type. In recent years, exosome origin, cargo composition, and precise regulatory mechanisms have been the focus of research. Although exosomes have been extensively reported in digestive tumours, few articles have reviewed their roles in inflammatory diseases of the digestive system, especially inflammatory-related diseases (such as reflux oesophagitis, gastritis, inflammatory bowel disease, hepatitis, and pancreatitis). This paper briefly summarizes the roles of exosomes in inflammatory diseases of the digestive system to provide a basis for research on the mechanism of inflammatory diseases of the digestive system targeted by exosomes.

Chili pepper and its major active compound capsaicin have long been used not only a daily food additive but also medication worldwide. Like in other human organs and systems, capsaicin has multiple actions in gastrointestinal (GI) physiology and pathology. Numerous studies have revealed that capsaicin acts on GI tract in TRPV1-dependent and -independent manners, mostly depending on its consumption concentrations. In this review, we will focus on the beneficial role of capsaicin in GI tract, a less highlighted aspect, in particular how dietary capsaicin affects GI health, the mechanisms of actions and its preventive/therapeutic potentials to several GI diseases. Dietary capsaicin affects GI tract not only via TRPV1-derpendent and independent manners, but also via acute and chronic effects. Although high dose intake of dietary capsaicin is harmful to human health sometimes, current literatures suggest that appropriate dose intake is likely beneficial to GI health and is preventive/therapeutic to GI disease in most cases as well. With extensive and intensive studies on its GI actions, capsaicin, as a daily consumed food additive, has potential to become a safe drug for the treatment of several GI diseases.

At present, the electronic information industry has become a strong growth engine of the economic development of provinces in China. During the “Twelfth Five-Year” Period, Guangxi will clearly focus on the development of electronic information industry as a priority in one of fourteen billion dollar industry. In this paper, the combination of AHP and empirical analysis is used to compare the science and technology development of electronic information industry in Guangxi and Guangdong province. And then the thinking of the development of electronic information industry in Guangxi is made of.