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The fault diagnosis mainly relies on the detection of periodic pulse components caused by the local damage. However, the impulsive component in bearing vibration signals is usually disturbed by noise and some harmonics due to the harsh working environment, which makes great challenge to fault diagnosis. To enhance the performance in fault diagnosis of rolling bearing, a local lowest-rank dynamic mode decomposition (LLRDMD) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, an improved projection operator is proposed to reduce the noise of augmented snapshot matrix and thus eliminating the bias of high-dimension dynamic system matrix. Secondly, by solving a local lowest-rank optimization problem, the impulsive component and interference components in the high-dimension dynamic system matrix are separated. Compared with DMD, the proposed method achieves better performance in the extraction of transient pulse component while avoiding the problems of parameter selection and mode selection. Lastly, the proposed method is applied to three sets of real datasets. Compared with existing methods, LLRDMD achieves a higher accuracy in fault diagnosis.

Background. Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common malignant liver tumor in children. High-risk patients, especially those with tumor metastasis, have poor prognosis. Serpin family E member 2 (SERPINE2) is overexpressed in a variety of tumors, especially adenocarcinoma, and promotes tumor invasion and metastasis. The function and mechanism of SERPINE2 in HB are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential clinical prognostic value and molecular mechanism of SERPINE2 in HB. Methods. We performed bioinformatics analyses on HB microarray data GSE131329 to study the role of SERPINE2. The expression level of SERPINE2 in HB and its clinical significance were further analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. After constructing the SERPINE2 overexpression and knockdown in HepG2 and HUH6 cells, the 5-ethynyl-29-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay, wound healing assay, Transwell experiment, and apoptosis assay were performed to explore the role of SERPINE2 in HB progress. Results. Upregulation of SERPINE2 was found in HB tissues and was associated with a poor prognosis. Moreover, the SERPINE2 expression was related to tumor size, vascular invasion, and tumor metastasis. The Cox regressions show that high SERPINE2 expression is an independent risk factor for HB. SERPINE2 overexpression remarkably enhanced HB cell migration and invasion and suppressed apoptosis, while knockdown of SERPINE2 exerted the opposite effect. In addition, SERPINE2 facilitated the epithelial to mesenchymal transformation (EMT) phenotype of HB cells in vitro. Conclusion. Our findings indicated that SERPINE2 accelerates HB progression, suggesting that SERPINE2 may be a potential prognostic biomarker and an underlying therapeutic target for HB.

Graphene, as a typical zero band gap material, possesses excellent electrical conductivity and mechanical property, but is hardly applied in functional field directly. Hence, how to effectively modify the energy structure of graphene and apply it as functional material in physical signal sensing, information processing and energy management has become a widely attentional research field in recent decades. In this work, a two-dimensional (2D) organic molecular named 5, 10, 15, 20-tetra (4-aminopyenyl) porphyrin is selected to in-situ crosslink with graphene oxide (GO), and the nitrogen-doped graphene (NG) film is prepared through further graphitization. In this paper, the influence of the content of porphyrin molecular on the microstructure and nitrogen content of the NG film is mainly discussed. With the increasing of porphyrin content, the layer space of GO film rises gradually and the GO nanosheets are laid out more smoothly. After graphitization, nitrogen element is well preserved inside the NG film, and the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient is greatly improved. Taking advantage of these properties, a NG film-based temperature sensor is prepared.

Thermoelectric materials can directly convert thermal energy into electrical energy, realizing the recovery of waste heat. Bismuth Telluride (Bi-Te) is considered as a perfect candidate thermoelectric material which has great potential in the field of refrigeration and temperature sensor. However, in the field of intelligent wearable devices and integrated circuits, traditional Bi-Te block material is difficult to be directly used due to its poor flexibility. In this paper, a series of Bi-Te thin films were prepared by a self-designed high-temperature thermal shock equipment. This equipment can heat up the reduced graphene oxide strip to 1750 K in 20 ms, which features both high heating rate (8.2 × 104 K/s) and cooling rate (1.5 × 104 K/s). Thermoelectric films on different substrates were prepared via high-temperature thermal shock. Through regulating the temperature of evaporation source, the particle size and composition of Bi-Te thin films can be precisely modulated, thus optimizing the Seebeck coefficient of the films. The Seebeck coefficient of copper foil (Cuf)-based Bi-Te film can reach 345.41 μV/K, which was prepared by thermal-shocking the Bi-Te powders for 30 s at 900°C.

Biogenic volatile organic compounds hold remarkable potential for controlling fungal decay in agro- and food products. Recently, we reported that linalool, the major volatile component of the Zanthoxylum schinifolium pericarp, showed great potential as a biofumigant to control Aspergillus flavus growth in postharvest grains. In this study, the inhibitory effects of linalool on A. flavus growth in stored grains and its underlying mechanism were investigated through transcriptomic and biochemical analyses. Linalool vapor at 800 μL/L can effectively prevent A. flavus growth in 22% moisture wheat grains. Linalool at 2 μL/mL completely inhibited the germination of A. flavus spores, and 10 μL/mL caused spore death. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that linalool treatment caused wrinkling and spore breakage. Transcriptomics showed that 3806 genes were significantly differentially expressed in A. flavus spores exposed to 2 μL/mL linalool, predominantly showing enrichment regarding the ribosome, DNA replication, glutathione metabolism, peroxisome, and MAPK signaling pathways. Flow cytometry showed that linalool treatment caused hyperpolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential. 4,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole staining indicated that linalool caused DNA fragmentation in A. flavus spores, and monodansylcadaverine staining confirmed that linalool induced autophagy in A. flavus spores. We thus propose that linalool can damage the plasma membrane, cause mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage, and induce autophagy in A. flavus spores. These findings considerably improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effects of linalool on A. flavus, which is crucial regarding the development of applications to prevent postharvest grain spoilage due to A. flavus infestations. KEY POINTS: • The inhibitory potency of linalool on A. flavus spore germination was determined. • Transcriptomic analyses were performed to identify differentially expressed genes of A. flavus exposed to linalool. • A functional mechanism underlying the inhibitory effects of linalool on A. flavus spore germination is proposed.

Immune response is an important factor in determining the fate of bone replacement materials, in which macrophages play an important role. It is a new idea to design biomaterials with immunomodulatory function to reduce inflammation and promote bone integration by regulating macrophages polarization. In this work, the immunomodulatory properties of CaP Zn-Mn-Li alloys and the specific mechanism of action were investigated. We found that the CaP Zn0.8Mn0.1Li alloy promoted the polarization of macrophages towards M2 and reduced inflammation, which could effectively up-regulate osteogenesis-related factors and promote new bone formation, indicating the important role of macrophages polarization in biomaterial induction of osteogenesis. In vivo studies further demonstrated that CaP Zn0.8Mn0.1Li alloy could stimulate osteogenesis better than other Zn-Mn-Li alloys implanttions by regulating macrophages polarization and reducing inflammation. In addition, transcriptome results showed that CaP Zn0.8Mn0.1Li played an important regulatory role in the life process of macrophages, activating Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, which participated in the activation and attenuation of inflammation, and accelerated bone integration. Thus, by preparing CaP coatings on the surface of Zn-Mn-Li alloys and combining the bioactive ingredient with controlled release, the biomaterial will be imbibed with beneficial immunomodulatory properties that promote bone integration.

The exploitation of active ingredients from plant volatile organic compounds as natural gaseous fungicides shows remarkable potential for controlling fungal decay in postharvest agroproducts. Although 1-octanol is a common component of cereal volatiles, its antifungal potency against spoilage fungi in postharvest grains remains unclear. In this study, we studied the effectiveness of 1-octanol against Aspergillus flavus growth in postharvest grains and its mechanisms of action. 1-Octanol vapor and liquid contact dose-dependently inhibited A. flavus spore germination and mycelial growth at a low concentration. The simulated storage experiment demonstrated that 300 μL/L of 1-octanol vapor completely controlled A. flavus growth in wheat, corn, and paddy grains with 20% moisture content. 1-Octanol treatment irreversibly damaged the conidial and mycelial morphology of A. flavus and caused electrolyte leakage due to reduced plasma membrane integrity. It induced apoptosis along with morphological abnormalities, phosphatidylserine externalization, mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization, intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation, and DNA fragmentation in A. flavus cells. Metabolomic analysis revealed that 1-octanol treatment disrupted the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, ATP-binding cassette transporters, amino acid metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. This study demonstrated the promising application potential of 1-octanol as a biofumigant for preventing fungal spoilage of postharvest cereal grains. KEY POINTS: • (1) 1-Octanol inhibits Aspergillus flavus growth in the vapor phase and liquid contact; • (2) 1-Octanol damages membrane integrity and induces apoptosis of A. flavus; • (3) Metabolomic changes in A. flavus mycelia were analyzed after 1-octanol treatment.

Liver diseases are a major cause of illness and death worldwide. In China, liver diseases, primarily viral hepatitis, affect approximately 300 million people, thus having a major impact on the global burden of liver diseases. Portal hypertension is the most severe complication of chronic liver diseases, including ascites, hepatic encephalopathy and bleeding from gastroesophageal varices. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) represents a very effective treatment of these complications. Since its introduction 30 years ago in China, the use of TIPS has evolved and has played an increasingly important role in the management of the complications of portal hypertension. This review will focus on the history, current application and management of complications of TIPS in China.

Rolling bearings are important components in mechanical, civil, and aerospace engineering. The practical working conditions of rolling bearings are complex; hence, fault diagnosis of rolling bearings under various operating conditions is very challenging. This paper proposes a novel approach to fault diagnosis of rotary machinery using phase space reconstruction (PSR) of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and neural network under various operating conditions. Complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) is employed to decompose vibration signal of rotary component into IMFs denoting high-to-low instantaneous frequencies adaptively. PSR constructs one-dimensional IMFs to high-dimensional IMFs, which helps reveal the underlying nonlinear geometric topology via the reconstructed inherent and hidden dynamical characteristics of the one-dimensional vibration signal. To explore intrinsic dynamical properties, interquartile range (IQR) of Euclidean distance (ED) values of high-dimensional IMFs are extracted as condition indicators and used as input of back propagation (BP) neural network to fulfill fault identification of rolling bearings. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed approach have been validated by theoretical derivations, numerical simulations and experimental data. The results show that the proposed approach is promising in fault diagnosis of rotary machinery under various operating conditions.

Tool wear significantly affects the interface condition between the machining tool and the workpiece, causing nonlinear vibrations that negatively impact machining quality. The vibration on the axes of X, Y and Z are both generated during machining process, and multivariate vibration signals collected by triaxial accelerometers contain dynamical information of tool wear accurately and comprehensively. This paper proposes a novel in-situ tool wear monitoring approach using multivariate signal processing and intrinsic multiscale entropy analysis. Multivariate variational mode decomposition (MVMD) is firstly used to process multivariate vibration signals. The multivariate band-limited intrinsic mode functions (BLIMFs) contain nonlinear and nonstationary wear characteristics of multivariate vibration signals. Afterwards, the refined composite multiscale dispersion entropy (RCMDE) is employed to measure the complexity and regularity of multivariate BLIMFs quantitatively. Finally, the feature matrices composed of entropy values on multiple scale of multivariate BLIMFs are adopted as the input of CNN to achieve accurate tool wear monitoring. The results show the proposed approach is promising for tool wear monitoring.

Prussian Blue (PB) films were directly grown on FTO glass by a hydrothermal method only using potassium ferricyanide and hydrobromic acid as raw reagents. Hydrobromic acid plays the role of both providing acidic conditions and as a reducing agent which improves the atomic utilization of the raw materials. The as-prepared PB devices exhibited multicolor electrochromic properties: Blue, green and transparent states, reversibly. The maximum optical modulations of PB device could reach the range of 47.7%. The PB films also have a fast coloration/bleaching time of 1.9/1.3[Formula: see text]s, respectively. This study provided a novel method for preparing PB films by a facile hydrothermal method.

Rolling bearings are crucial components in the fields of mechanical, civil, and aerospace engineering. They sometimes work under various operating conditions, which makes it harder to distinguish faults from normal signals. Nuisance attribute projection (NAP) is a technique that has been widely used in audio and image recognition to eliminate interference information in the extracted feature space. In constructing the weighted matrix of NAP, the setting of the weighted value represents the degree of interference between the feature vectors. The interference is either taken into consideration in whole, or not considered at all, which will inevitably lead to information loss. In our work, an entropy-weighted NAP (EWNAP) is proposed to deal with such “bipolar problem” in constructing the weighted matrix. The eigenvalues of covariance matrix of collected signals contain dynamical information, and the fuzzy entropy is adopted to evaluate the dispersion degree of these eigenvalues. After normalization, these entropy values are used to express the weight relationship in the weighted matrix of EWNAP. The features processed by EWNAP can be used as samples and combined with neural network to achieve fault diagnosis of rolling bearings. Furthermore, a fault diagnosis approach with insufficient data is demonstrated to validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. In the case studies, Case Western Reserve University bearing database and data collected from the bearing fault simulation bench are used. These case studies show that the proposed EWNAP alleviates the interference caused by various operating conditions, and the comparative analysis confirms that the proposed method works better than the conventional methods.

Bolts are widely used in the fields of mechanical, civil, and aerospace engineering. The condition of bolt joints has a significant impact on the safe and reliable operation of the whole equipment. The failure of bolt joints monitoring leads to severe accidents or even casualties. This paper proposes a novel bolt joints monitoring method using multivariate intrinsic multiscale entropy (MIME) analysis and Lorentz signal-enhanced piezoelectric active sensing. Lorentz signal is used as excitation signal in piezoelectric active sensing to expose nonlinear dynamical characteristics of the bolt joints. Multivariate variational mode decomposition (MVMD) is employed to decompose multiple components of the collected Lorentz signal into multivariate band-limited intrinsic mode functions (BLIMFs). Afterward, improved multiscale sample entropy (IMSE) values of each channel’s BLIMFs are computed to measure its irregularity and complexity. IMSE values are taken as quantitative features, reflecting dynamical characteristics of bolt joints. Further, the constructed 3-layer feature matrices are adopted as the input of the convolutional neural network (CNN) to achieve accurate bolt joint monitoring. The multiple M1 bolt joints are used during the experiment to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed approach. The results demonstrate the proposed novel approach is promising in bolt joints monitoring.

Methods of controlling Aspergillus flavus contamination in agro-products have attracted attention because of its impact on global food security. We previously reported that the natural cereal volatile heptanal could effectively inhibit A. flavus growth and showed great potential as a bio-preservative agent. In this study, the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicide concentration of heptanal could change the surface morphology of A. flavus spores, causing them to wrinkle and collapse. Transcriptomic analysis showed that heptanal treatment significantly changed the expression of several genes involved in cell wall and plasma damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, energy metabolism, AMPK-activated protein kinase, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, RNA degradation, and DNA replication. Heptanal-induced early apoptosis of A. flavus spores was characterized by decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, increased intracellular ROS production, and DNA fragmentation. This study provides new insight into the inhibitory mechanism of heptanal against A. flavus and points to its potential application as a bio-preservative. KEY POINTS: • Heptanal can effectively inhibit A. flavus growth in cereal grains. • The transcriptional changes in A. flavus spores exposed to heptanal were analyzed. • The antifungal mechanism of heptanal against A. flavus was elucidated.

The novel front-face fluorescence excitation–emission matrix (FF-EEM) spectroscopy was applied to in situ and online analyze the activated sludge from wastewater treatment processes to probe its biomass and bioactivity.

A long-term stable aqueous colloidal dispersed ATO solution was obtained through the addition of aqueous ammonia. ATO nanoparticles could be dispersed evenly, forming stable ATO water-dispersed sol solution, and no agglomeration or sedimentation occurred at least 9 months. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy were employed to characterize the obtained ATO. Dynamic light scattering and UV–Vis–NIR spectrophotometer were used to record the particle sizes and transmission spectra of as-prepared ATO inks, respectively. The highest transmittance at low ATO concentration is 89.6% at 760 nm. In the near-infrared region, the transmittance has an obvious decrease, which is 51.5% at 1300 nm. The transmittance of as-prepared ATO solution in visible and near-infrared wavelengths (300–1300 nm) decreased significantly with the increase in the ATO concentration, especially in the near-infrared wavelengths, which proved that the as-prepared ATO had a shielding performance in the near-infrared region.

A complementary ensemble adaptive local iterative filtering (CEALIF) and enhanced maximum correlation kurtosis deconvolution (EMCKD) approach is proposed for weak fault signals in wind turbine bearings, which are easily concealed by strong background noise and susceptible to intermittent interference. The adaptive local iterative filtering (ALIF), as a novel nonstationary signal processing technique, can perform adaptive filtering based on the signal itself characteristics. However, its mode mixing is an annoying problem. To relieve this problem, the noise-assisted CEALIF-based filtering is proposed. Nonetheless, the ambient noise present in the original signal is retained in the component of interest. Maximum correlation kurtosis deconvolution (MCKD) is an effective tool for enhancing periodic pulses. However, its deconvolution parameters need to be set manually, and are more demanding when the bearing failure is weak. To address this circumstance, this paper introduces the particle swarm algorithm (PSO) to solve the optimal deconvolution parameters and proposes EMCKD. Firstly, by employing CEALIF, the original signal is adaptively filtered into a sequence of IMFs. Then, the IMF that best characterizes the fault information is selected based on the weighted kurtosis index (WKI). Finally, the shock components of the selected IMF are enhanced to extract the periodic shock based on EMCKD. The proposed approach can accurately extract fault characteristics by analyzing the whole life cycle signals of bearings and fault signals of a 1.5 MW direct-drive wind turbine within strong background noise. Further, the proposed approach is implemented for the compound fault extraction of bearings, and the compound fault information of the inner race as well as the outer race of the bearings is successfully extracted.

BackgroundA substantial heterogeneity exists in patients with upper gastrointestinal submucosal tumors (SMTs). This study aimed to identify predictors of long procedure time (≥60 min), occurrence of procedure-related complications, and long hospital stay (≥6 days) in patients with SMTs undergoing submucosal tunnel endoscopic resection (STER) and stratify risk based on the predictors.MethodsSixty-six consecutive patients with upper gastrointestinal SMTs undergoing STER between January 2013 and December 2018 were retrospectively included. Binary logistic regression models were developed to identify predictors of outcomes. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to evaluate the discrimination of tumor size.ResultsComplete resection and en bloc resection of tumor were achieved in 66 (100%) and 64 patients (97%), respectively. Twenty-seven patients (41%) had a long procedure time, 10 (15%) developed STER-related complications, and 17 (26%) had a long hospital stay. On multivariable analysis, tumor size was an independent predictor of long procedure time (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.13–1.67; p = 0.001), occurrence of complications (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01–1.10; p = 0.012), and long hospital stay (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01–1.09; p = 0.035). ROC curves identified a tumor of size 25 mm as the best cutoff; those who had a tumor above this value had a 76-fold risk of long procedure time, 8.56-fold risk of occurrence of complications, and 6.35-fold risk of long hospital stay.ConclusionPatients with a tumor size ≥25 mm had longer procedure time, higher risk of STER-related complications, and longer hospital stay; therefore, they should be classified as a high-risk group.

The prevention of fungal proliferation in postharvest grains is critical for maintaining grain quality and reducing mycotoxin contamination. Fumigation with natural gaseous fungicides is a promising and sustainable approach to protect grains from fungal spoilage. In this study, the antifungal activities of (E)-2-alkenals (C

Fiberglass-reinforced plastic mortar (FRPM) pipes are lightweight, high-strength, and corrosion resistant. Owing to several additional advantages including the ability to convey large flows, convenient installation, and low overall costs, FRPM pipes are well-suited to various pipeline systems in the chemical, water, and drainage industries. As a polymer matrix composite material, the mechanical properties of FRPM pipes are time-dependent. Ring stiffness measures the ability of a pipe to resist deformation under an external load and decreases with increasing service time. Reduced ring stiffness can lead to excessive deformation, which can affect the long-term durability of the pipeline, eventually resulting in failure. At present, only few studies have been conducted on long-term ring stiffness of FRPM pipelines, which has hindered their application. In this study, long-term ring stiffness of 500 mm diameter pipes comprised of FRPM was tested under two different loading conditions: constant load and constant displacement. Variation of ring stiffness with time under constant load and constant displacement conditions was obtained and the predicted attenuation of ring stiffness after 50 years was found to be 11.62 % and 15.48 %, respectively, which further confirms the reliability of long-term ring stiffness predictions based on short-term test data. And the results will contribute to further studies on the longterm ring stiffness of FRPM pipes.

Chemical control of fungal spoilage of postharvest cereal grains is an important strategy for the management of grain storage. Here, the potential antifungal activity of 1-nonanol, a main component of cereal volatiles, against Aspergillus flavus was studied. The growth of A. flavus was completely inhibited by 0.11 and 0.20 μL/mL 1-nonanol at vapor and liquid contact phases, respectively. Metabolomic analysis identified 135 metabolites whose expression was significantly different between 1-nonanol-treated and untreated A. flavus. These metabolites were involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, amino acid biosynthesis, protein degradation and absorption, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, mineral absorption, and in interactions with ABC transporters. Biochemical validation confirmed the disruptive effect of 1-nonanol on A. flavus growth, as indicated by the leakage of intracellular electrolytes, decreased succinate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial dehydrogenase, and ATPase activity, and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. We speculated that 1-nonanol could disrupt cell membrane integrity and mitochondrial function and might induce apoptosis of A. flavus mycelia. Simulated grain storage experiments showed that 1-nonanol vapor, at a concentration of 264 μL/L, completely inhibited A. flavus growth in wheat, corn, and paddy grain with an 18% moisture content. This study provides new insights into the antifungal mechanism of 1-nonanol against A. flavus, indicating that it has a promising potential as a bio-preservative to prevent fungal spoilage of postharvest grains. KEY POINTS: • 1-Nonanol showed higher antifungal activity against A. flavus. • The antifungal mechanisms of 1-nonanol against A. flavus were revealed. • 1-Nonanol could damage cell membrane integrity and mitochondrial function.

The matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) is a promising marker for identification of biliary atresia. We assessed the accuracy and clinical value of MMP-7 for diagnosis of biliary atresia in infants. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, ISI Web of Knowledge, and the Cochrane Library, from inception to December 30, 2020. We included articles written in English, Chinese, or French that investigated MMP-7 for differentiation of biliary atresia infants from those with other form of cholestasis. Two review authors independently assessed eligibility for inclusion, evaluated the methodological quality of included studies, and extracted data to estimate diagnostic accuracy. We calculated individual and pooled sensitivities and specificities. We used I2 to test heterogeneity and investigated the source of heterogeneity. Our search identified 4 studies (593 infants). Risk of bias in the included studies was generally low. Bivariate analysis yielded a mean sensitivity of 0.96 (95% CI: 0.93–0.98) and specificity of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.85–0.95). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95–0.98). A moderate heterogeneity was found among the included studies as the I2 values for sensitivity and specificity were 8.6% (95% CI: 1.5–19.04) and 56.7% (95% CI: 28.91–70.07), respectively. After a sensitivity analysis, there was no change in sensitivity and MMP-7 specificity ranged from 0.91 to 0.93. The serum MMP-7 is a helpful biomarker for diagnosis of biliary atresia in cholestasis infants. Nevertheless, it cannot be recommended as the single definitive test for biliary atresia diagnosis; further primary clinical research is mandatory. Trial registration: prospero230839

With the expansion of the application of electronic technology such as LCD, the demand for conductive adhesive strip, which is the basic component related to it, is increasing, and the requirements...