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Additional file 1: Table S1. Characteristics of HF patients in the discovery phase (n=40). Table S2. Characteristics of HF patients in the training phase (n=30) and validation phase (n=50). Table S3. Home made circulating miRNA panel which was used for the miRNA screening analysis in the discovery phase. Table S4. The features of 11 overlapped target genes of miR-30a-5p in Heart Failure (ICM or DCM). Table S5. The features of 9 overlapped target genes of miR-654-5p between Heart Failure (ICM or DCM). Figure S1. Expression patterns of circulating miR-100, miR-320a, miR-433 and miR-499b-3p in each patient in the discovery phase with paired plasma samples collected at times of check-in and check-out. The p-values showed significant change of the four miRNAs (p < 0.05). Figure S2. Expression patterns and change trends of the rest of 83 circulating miRNAs in all patients in the discovery phase. The p-values of these miRNAs did not show significant change. Figure S3. Correlation analysis between miR-30a-5p, miR-654-5p and NT-proBNP in the 40 HF patients enrolled in the discovery phase before and after treatment. Figure S4. Correlation analysis between the differential miRNA expression change and the NT-proBNP reduction by comparing 5 patients with ~80% NT-proBNP reduction and 5 patients with ~40% NT-proBNP reduction upon medical therapy (n=5, *p < 0.05).

Additional file 2. Top 10 co-cited references related to coronary microvascular dysfunction.

Additional file 1. Top 8 productive authors and co-cited authors related to coronary microvascular dysfunction.

Additional file 1.

Additional File 1 Table S1: 13 C NMR dates of the products transformed from Rb1, Rb2, Rc and Rd Fig. S1: Purification of BcelFp. Lane M, molecular mass marker; Lane 1, BcelFp after Ni-NTA affinity chromatography purification Fig. S2: MS/MS spectrum in negative ion mode of product 2 transformed from Rb2 using HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis Fig. S3: MS/MS spectrum in negative ion mode of product 3 transformed from Rc using HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis

Additional file 2: Table S1. Primers for qRT-PCR.

Additional file 1: Table S1. COVID-19 daily reported cases and response policies by local government. Table S2. Variable definitions and parameter values. Table S3. PHMS-Index calculation. Table S4. Intervention simulation corresponding parameters. Table S5. Parameter estimation of actual spillover rate and spillover threshold. Table S6. Rt and PHMS-Index values at different stages. Table S7. Mean, standard deviation, Person correlation coefficient of Rt and PHSM_Index. Table S8. Simulation of different mask wear rates in 4 cities. Table S9. Simulation of different social distances in 4 cities. Table S10. Simulation of different social distances and mask wear rates in 4 cities. Table S11. Simulation of different isolation ratios in 4 cities. Table S12. Simulation of different combinations of mask wear, social distance rates and isolation rates in 4 cities. Table S13. Spillover risk values at different stages. Fig. S1. Biological invasion theory framework. (a: Date of reporting of the first case; b: The time when the third-generation cases appeared, that is, a + 6 days; c, d: According to the PTA methods, the case time series data of points 0-H are calculated in segments.). Fig. S2. SEIAR model with booster vaccination intervention. Fig. S3. The stock flow diagram of the system dynamic model for COVID-19. (The intervention strategies are represented by causal variables shown in red color. Other causal variables, are shown in parameter tables.). Fig. S4. Geographical distribution of the study area and importation of cases into other Chinese cities from study areas (Study areas include Shanghai, Shenzhen, Nanjing, and Suzhou. The red line shows the direction of spillover.). Fig. S5. Five stages of the epidemic curve based on the theory of biological invasion in Shanghai (Spread: Landscape spread). Fig. S6. Five stages of the epidemic curve based on the theory of biological invasion in Shenzhen (Spread: Landscape spread). Fig. S7. Five stages of the epidemic curve based on the theory of biological invasion in Nanjing (Spread: Landscape spread). Fig. S8. Five stages of the epidemic curve based on the theory of biological invasion in Suzhou (spread: landscape spread). Fig. S9. Simulation of different mask wear rates in 4 cities (a total of 10 mask wear rates were simulated, ranging from 90 to 0%.). Fig. S10. Simulation of different social distances in 4 cities (a total of 10 social distances were simulated, ranging from 90 to 0%.). Fig. S11. Simulation of different isolation ratios in 4 cities (a total of 26 segregation ratios were modelled, ranging from 80 to 10%.). Fig. S12. Simulation of different combinations of mask wear and social distance rates in 4 cities (a total of 56 possible real-world combinations of masks + social distance measures are simulated.). Fig. S13. Simulation of comprehensive interventions in 4 cities (a total of 100 possible real- world integrated interventions are simulated.). Fig. S14. Map of spillover city top 30 ranking of each city.

形態: カラー図版あり, Physical characteristics: Original contains color illustrations, Accepted: 2019-01-25, 資料番号: PA1910023000

The study employed simple differential blood count assessing clinical prognosis index at diagnosis of DLBCL patients. Each patient’s prognostic performance status was computed using absolute neutrophils/absolute lymphocytes(ANC/ALC), absolute lymphocytes/absolute monocyte (ALC/AMC), and absolute platelet/absolute lymphocytes APC/ALC) respectively, and then compared to preexisting parameters IPI, ECOG-PS, KI-67% protein expression, LDH, gender, bone marrow infiltration, and tumor location using ROC curves to determine the sensitivity and specificity threshold of each CBC performance index and survival analysis to estimate 5-year PFS and OS. The study showed that NLR compared to LDH at NLR ≥ 3.50 correlates to an increase in LDH >230UI/L, ECOG-PS score 2-4, increase in nodal tumor location, and elevation in cell proliferation at ki-67% protein expression (≥20%) at diagnosis exhibit poor prognosis to R-CHOP chemotherapy. Our results also demonstrated that LMR≤2.50 was associated with ECOG-PS score 2-4, increased number of extranodal tumor locations, in comparison with gender female participants had high sensitivity 60%, also low score LMR≤ 2.50 correspond to IPI score 3-5 among DLBCL patients. Our results further revealed that Pretreatment PLR≥150 at diagnosis correlates with LDH>230UI/L, and an ECOG-PS score of 2-4 in DLBCL patients.Conclusion: This study confirmed that pretreatment differential blood index NLR, LMR, and PLR are strongly associated with clinicopathological characteristics and provide important clinical prognostics in the early detection of DLBCL to the rituximab combined regimen.

The Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) and the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 3 (OCO-3) are NASA Earth Science missions designed to measure carbon dioxide in Earth’s atmosphere. OCO-2 was inserted at the front of the 705 km Afternoon Constellation (A-Train) in August 2014, and flies about 7 minutes ahead of the Aqua spacecraft. OCO-3 was mounted on the Japanese Experiment Module Exposed Facility onboard the International Space Station (ISS) in May 2019. OCO-2 and OCO-3 use three-channel grating spectrometers to measure reflected sunlight within the O2 band at 0.76 micron and two CO2 bands at 1.61 micron and 2.06 micron. The grating of each channel disperses light onto 1016 spectral channels of a focal plane array, yielding spectra with a resolution of ~ 0.04, 0.08, and 0.1 nm, respectively. OCO-2 uses onboard lamps, solar observations, and lunar measurements as well as surface targets for radiometric calibration/validation. OCO-3 is equipped with onboard lamps, and can also observe the Moon a few times each year, but cannot observe the Sun due to its configuration onboard ISS. The OCO missions require a 5% accuracy on absolute radiometric calibration to meet their CO2 accuracy requirements. Here, we describe results from the radiometric comparisons of OCO-2 and Aqua MODIS using OCO-2 nadir observations over eight desert sites and nearly simultaneous MODIS observations with sensor viewing zenith angles of 15±0.5 degree. The MODIS data are collocated into the OCO-2 geolocation grid using a 1 km circular region around each OCO-2 footprint. Without correcting for viewing geometry differences and mismatched spectral response functions, the mean and standard OCO-2/MODIS radiance ratio over the eight sites are determined to be 1.103±0.010, 1.120±0.007, 1.233±0.016 for the OCO-2 three bands, respectively. Here, we report the OCO-2 absolute radiometric calibration obtained from ongoing efforts to develop bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) models to account for the viewing geometry differences and to reduce the seasonal variations, and by correcting biases due to mismatched spectral response functions. We will also discuss the absolute radiometric comparison of OCO-2 and OCO-3 using simultaneous nadir overpasses of these desert sites.

Nitrogen is an essential element of wheat growth and grain quality. Leaf nitrogen content (LNC), a critical monitoring indicator of crop nitrogen status, plays a reference role for later estimations of grain protein content (GPC). Developments in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platforms and multispectral sensors have provided new approaches for LNC monitoring and GPC estimation, with great convenience for assessing the nutritional status of plants and grains without traditional destructive sampling. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of wheat LNC monitoring and GPC estimation based on UAV multispectral imagery. Wheat experiments were carried out in Xinghua, Kunshan and Suining of Jiangsu Province during 2018−2019 and in Rugao of Jiangsu Province during 2020−2021 with different varieties and nitrogen application rates. Remote sensing images were obtained by a multi-rotor UAV carrying a multispectral camera. The destructive sampling method was used to collect LNC, GPC and other field data. Wheat LNC monitoring and GPC estimation models were established after selection of the optimal indicators. Different modelling methods were used for the comparative analysis, including unitary linear regression, multiple linear regression and artificial neural network (ANN) methods. Three techniques were adopted to improve the GPC prediction accuracy: (1) multiple factors were substituted for single factor for the prediction; (2) texture information was added through further imagery mining; and (3) ecological factors were considered to improve the prediction mechanism. The results showed that the use of UAV-based Airphen multispectral imagery had a good effect on wheat LNC monitoring and GPC estimation. The vegetation indices constructed by red-edge and near-infrared bands had good performances in LNC monitoring and GPC estimation. The addition of texture information and ecological factors further improved the modelling accuracy. In this study, the optimal wheat GPC estimation model was established by NDVI (675, 730) at the jointing stage, NDVIT (730mea., 850) at the booting stage, NDVIT (730mea., 850) at the flowering stage and NDVI (730, 850) at the early filling stage. The modelling R2, validation R2 and relative root mean square error (RRMSE) reached 0.662, 0.7445 and 0.0635, respectively. The results provide a reference for crop LNC monitoring and GPC estimation based on UAV multispectral imagery.

With a three-channel hyperspectral imaging grating spectrometer, the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) measures high resolution spectra (resolving power of ~17 000) of reflected solar radiation within the O2 A-band at 0.76 micron and two CO2 bands at 1.61 and 2.06 micron. OCO-2 was inserted at the front of the 705 km Afternoon Constellation (A-Train) on August 3, 2014, and flies about 6 minutes ahead of the Aqua spacecraft. The OCO-2 spectrometer collected its first-light spectra on August 6, 2014, and has been returning science data since September 6, 2014. OCO-2 uses onboard lamps with a reflective diffuser, solar observations through a transmissive diffuser, and lunar measurements as well as surface targets for radiometric calibration. Separating the lamp output or lamp or solar diffuser aging from the instrument degradation poses a challenge to OCO-2. Here, we present our methodology for trending the OCO-2 Build 8 radiometric calibration through comparisons with MODIS half-km radiances collocated to the OCO-2 footprints. The data over nine Sahara/ Arabian desert sites have been used to quantify the drift of the OCO-2 instrument throughput. For the 0.76 micron band, a drift of -0.67±0.04 % per year was determined by combining data from all nine desert sites; data from a single desert site gave precisions on the order of ±0.2% per year. For the other two bands, no measurable changes were seen, indicating a drift of less than 0.2% per year. This same methodology is expected to play an important role in the radiometric calibration of the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-3 (OCO-3), currently scheduled to be installed on the International Space Station (ISS) in the spring of 2019. OCO-3 is equipped with onboard lamps, but will take very limited lunar measurements (~three times per year), and no solar measurements due to its configuration aboard the ISS.

The Orbiting Carbon Observatory 3 is expected to complete its final thermal vacuum test in April 2018. The test program was largely the same as for OCO-2, where the radiometric, spatial, spectral, and polarimetric properties of the spectrometer were measured. Dozens of requirements were verified, including spectral resolution above 17,000 and absolute radiometric performance to within 5%. Notable changes to the hardware include a different telescope with a wider field of view, context cameras, and a Pointing Mirror Assembly. The instrument was illuminated with its internal calibration lamps, an external integrating sphere traceable to NIST standards, diffuse sunlight, collimated light on movable stages, and tunable lasers. Retrievals of uplooking measurements were validated against a collocated TCCON station.

Ultra dense Network (UDN) is considered as a promising technology for 5G. With dense access points (APs), one user can be served by several APs cooperatively. Hence, how to choose APs and group them is a big challenge. In this paper, a dynamic APs grouping scheme is proposed for the downlink of User-centric UDN (UUDN). This scheme takes terrain and network topology into consideration to divide the APs into several available candidate sets (ACSs). The APs can be chosen from the ACS as the group member for UE’s APs group (APG). Once the service requirement changes or user moves, the group should be changed accordingly. The optimal objective is maximum energy efficiency under the constraints of transmission power and user’s data rate requirements. This scheme solves the problem of AP selection and power allocation. It is modeled as a discrete mixed combinational optimization problem, and a quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO) algorithm is adopted to solve it efficiently. In addition, simulation results have also proved the effectiveness and flexibility of the proposed scheme.

Tool wear is a major contributor to machining errors of a workpiece. Tool wear prediction is an effective way to estimate the wear loss in precision machining. In this study, all kinds of machining conditions are treated as the input variables, the wear loss of the tool is treated as the output variable, and Projection Pursuit Regression (PPR) algorithm is proposed to mapping the tool wear loss. Finally, a real-time prediction device is presented based on the proposed PPR algorithm, and the prediction and measurement results are found to be in satisfied agreement with average error lower than 5%.

Makerspace is an open community center where “people with common interests, often in computers and machining and so on, can meet, socialize and collaborate” (Kelly, 2013, p. 1). Based on a literature review, this study starts with the definition and the historical development of makerspaces, and then digs into the current research and theories on making, learning and makerspace. To explore the definition of makerspaces, this paper begins by exploring the origin of hackspaces, the predecessors of makerspaces, and how hackspaces naturally grow into makerspaces. When it comes to defining makerspace, different scholars and practitioners provide different descriptions. To define a makerspace involves overall thinking of materials, tools and makers making together – it is a unique place where people get together and make; it could be any place, in all shapes, sizes and locations. Although it is difficult to pinpoint the exact origins of the makerspace movement, this study divides makerspace history into three periods and identifies the milestones during each period: embryonic period (1870s-1990s), transition period (2000s-2010s) and outbreak period (after 2011). The earliest record of a makerspace could potentially date back to 1873, when a quilting and sewing social club was founded in Gowanda, which is now known as the Gowanda Free Library. Then hackerspaces start popping up in 1960s. In 2010s, the evolution of technology and do-it yourself (DIY) culture began changing towards a focus on science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). Since then, the idea of making spread worldwide and began officially appearing in libraries and other institutions. After a century, there are over 1500 makerspaces all over the world (Maker Faire, 2016). Using phenomenological approaches, Vilém Flusser defines gesture as a range of movements through which people express their being in the world (1999, p. 38). As we reach out our hands, the movements the hands make when they try to meet are gesture of taking in and opening up the future (Flusser, 1999). In constructionist theories of pedagogy, learning is “conceptualized as a process of being, doing, knowing and becoming” (Petrich & Bevan, 2013, p. 53). Papert demonstrates that learning happens when thinking is worked out through making things that “can be shown, discussed, probed, and admired” (1993, p. 142). Therefore, in a makerspace, when we see learners are observing or playing with the tools, they are exploring, testing, and responding with their hands; they are learning (Petrich & Bevan, 2013). Over the years, makerspaces have developed into different forms in various institutions. This concludes by reflecting on the relationship between makerspace and different institutions, and analyzing an example makerspace in three diverse institutional settings. For instance, according to the historical development of makerspaces, public libraries have a long history of providing spaces for making – they have long been a variation of makerspaces to some degree. There are a number of similarities between public libraries and makerspaces. To name just a few, they both serve their communities for promoting lifelong learning; their key principles align with each other: to bring communities together and share knowledge. Other examples include schools, universities and other organizations.

The isotopically invariant Dunham fitof O2was updated with newly reported literature transitions to derive (1) the energy levels, band-by-band molecular constants and RKR potentials for theX3Σ−g,α1∆gandb1Σ+gstates of the six O2isotopologues,16O16O,16O17O,16O18O,17O17O,17O18O and18O18O;(2) the line positions and Franck- Condon factors for their α1∆g −X3Σ−g, b1Σ+g−X3Σ−gand α1∆g−b1Σ+gband systems. Experimental measurements and theoretical calculations on the intensities of lines involvingtheX3Σ−g,α1∆gandb1Σ+gstateswere critically reviewed and a systematic intensity calculation was carried out. The newly calculated positions and intensities are combined to provide HITRAN-format linelists.

This paper discusses a low-cost, short period, small and ingenious supervising system for power equipment and environment by Telecommunication Office of township level in Yunnan Province. And it expounds the constitution, function and feasible program of the system.

Aiming at the problem of design size that of transmission line foundation under the current design and technical specifications in China is larger than the same level abroad. In this article, performance of UHV long span 9 piles square cap group foundation is simulated by ANSYS FEM (Finite Element Method) Program. By comparing the pile force situation, to achieve the bearing capacity of pile group in scope of the security, it is meaningful to reduce the minimum pile spacing and save materials.

A makeover of the JPL Millimeter and Submillimeter Spectral Line Catalog has begun. This process is intended to provide ‘single-line-access’ to users and virtual astronomy facilities through a server/query interface. In order to provide these users with the maximum amount of reliability and trace-ability, the database format (traditionally ascii-text files on an http/ftp server) has been expanded to include data and data-sources in a format where the measurement data is listed independently of the model predicted line information. This information, although still accessible through the source textfiles, is also compiled into a MySQL database. This methodology allows merging of measurement and prediction to be done at the meta-data level and gives the user quick access to the literature source. Several databases (inlcuding the NIST rest frequencies and CDMS) with common information are each following a common methodology outlined for unified access to users via a ‘virtual observatory’. Along with common formats, a special internet protocol, ‘Single-Line-Access-Protocol’ (SLAP) is to be instituted on the web-servers where these databases reside. This should enable the next generation of spectroscopic tools (i.e. atmospheric and astrophysical models) to be built on a flexible data layer which can access new database additions and changes without the need for localizing the information. Through the upgrade process we intend to update and improve the current listings of the JPL catalog, with an emphasis on the trace-ability of the data to its source literature. The advent of grand modeling tools that support ever larger projects has the potential of leaving the data sources long forgotten. We intend to vitalize and encourage the linking of spectroscopic observations to the fundamental laboratory spectroscopy that forms the foundation of remote sensing.

Web service substitutability refers to identify a suitable service to replace the failed service in Web service composition (WSC) and make sure the new WSC can still run correctly. Because of lack of data types, pi-calculus canpsilat verify the consistency of data types during the substitution processes. In this paper, we extend pi-calculus with a type system and present its syntactic descriptions, subtyping relationships and judgment rules of well typeness. We also propose the definitions of Web service behavioral substitutability and type weak simulation based on behavioral equivalence theory. After that, a substitutability judgment algorithm is given. Finally, a case study is used to demonstrate how to use our typed pi-calculus to formally descript WSC and discuss Web services substitutability from the aspects of data types consistency and behavioral equivalence, as well as the evolvement of system structure due to substitution.

Traditional informal description methods have obvious shortcomings in describing complex composite behaviors in MAS, not only due to their hierarchical and concurrent properties, but also for their complicated dependencies. In this paper, we propose a formal description model, MAB_CPNs, for composite behaviors among agents based on coloured Petri nets. MAB_CPNs takes data dependent relationship and control dependent relationship into consideration and provide a more comprehensive perspective on composite behaviors. We also present the basic process structure and the formal description of behavior substitution to support the hierarchical structure description of behaviors. Finally, we give a case study.