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Additional file 4. Figure S4. Verification of Gata2 interference efficiency.Gata2-lentivirus infection efficiency was determined by fluorescence microscopy.Interference efficiency of mRNA levels was evaluated by qRT-PCR.Left: Interference efficiency of the protein level was validated by western blotting. Right: Statistical analysis of western blots. Uncropped full-length gel blots can be found in Fig. S5D. All data are presented as means ± SD of three biological replicates. **p < 0.01 compared with the control by one-way ANOVA and the multiple comparisons test.

Additional file 1. Figure S1. Characteristics of the FGSC line in vitro.Identification of mRNA expression of FGSC-related markers by RT-PCR. Uncropped full-length agarose gels can be found in Fig. S5E-G.Top: Cell morphology of FGSCs in bright field. Bottom: Immunofluorescence staining of Mvh in FGSCs

Additional file 1. Figure S1:.Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trialsdiagram illustrating the selection and exclusion of patients

Additional file 2. Figure S2. Histone H2BK5bhb Chip-seq quality control chart. The 300–500 bp fragment had continuous enrichment, which was the main fragment region selected for library construction, high-throughput sequencing, and data analysis, which met the requirements of chromatin fragment preparation

Additional file 3. Figure S3. Mass fraction distribution of the RNA-seq base position. Sequencing data revealed the position of the specific sequencing signal in each replicated group by FastQC.

Additional file 5. Figure S5. Corresponding uncropped full-length gels and blot.Changes of Kbhb in the histone region of FGSCs treated with metformin as determined by western blotting.Western blot validation of histone H2BK5bhb modification.Verification of Gata2 expression by western blotting.Interference efficiency of the protein level was validated by western blotting.,,Identification of mRNA expression of FGSC-related markers by RT-PCR.

Background Parkinson disease is a neurodegenerative disease and is characterized by resting tremor, dementia, and gait disorder. Previous studies have indicated that long noncoding RNA participates in the regulation of the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease. The study aimed to reveal the effects of long noncoding RNA nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+)–induced human neuroblastoma cell injury and the underlying mechanism. Methods The expressions of NEAT1, microRNA (miR)-519a-3p, and transcription factor specific protein 1 (SP1) were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The protein expressions of SP1 and inflammation-related factors were determined by Western blot. Cell viability was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Cell apoptosis was investigated by flow cytometry analysis. The targeting relationship between miR-519a-3p and NEAT1 or SP1 was predicted by starBase online database and verified by a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Results NEAT1 and SP1 expressions were significantly upregulated, whereas miR-519a-3p was downregulated in MPP+-treated neuroblastoma cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner when compared with control groups. NEAT1 knockdown restrained MPP+-induced repression of cell viability and promotion of cell apoptosis and inflammation. Additionally, NEAT1 served as a sponge of miR-519a-3p and regulated MPP+-caused cell injury by interacting with miR-519a-3p. Also, SP1, a target gene of miR-519a-3p, rescued miR-519a-3p–mediated actions under MPP+ treatment. Importantly, NEAT1 stimulated SP1 expression through interaction with miR-519a-3p. Conclusions NEAT1 silencing protected against MPP+-induced neuroblastoma cell injury by regulating the miR-519a-3p/SP1 pathway. This finding provides a novel direction for the development of therapeutic strategies for Parkinson disease.

Due to global change, increasing nutrient input to ecosystems dramatically affects the nitrogen cycle, especially the nitrification process. Nitrifiers including ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOAs), ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOBs), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOBs), and recently discovered complete ammonia oxidizers (comammoxs) perform nitrification individually or in a community. However, much remains to be learned about their niche differentiation, coexistence, and interactions among those metabolically distinct nitrifiers. Here, we used synthetic microbial ecology approaches to construct synthetic nitrifying communities (SNCs) with different combinations of Nitrospira inopinata as comammox, Nitrososphaera gargensis as AOA, Nitrosomonas communis as AOB, and Nitrospira moscoviensis as NOB. Our results showed that niche differentiation and potential interactions among those metabolically distinct nitrifiers were determined by their kinetic characteristics. The dominant species shifted from N. inopinata to N. communis in the N4 community (with all four types of nitrifiers) as ammonium concentrations increased, which could be well explained by the kinetic difference in ammonia affinity, specific growth rate, and substrate tolerance of nitrifiers in the SNCs. In addition, a conceptual model was developed to infer niche differentiation and possible interactions among the four types of nitrifiers. This study advances our understanding of niche differentiation and provides new strategies to further study their interactions among the four types of nitrifiers.

The Ediacaran–Cambrian period witnessed episodic extinctions, oxygenation of seawaters, Cambrian explosions, and tectonic events. However, compared with the various high-resolution geochemical records of the early–middle Ediacaran and Cambrian, the available geochemical record of the latest Ediacaran (551–542 Ma) is scarce (especially the strontium isotope and elements), which leads to the ambiguous interpretation of the paleoenvironment of the latest Ediacaran. Therefore, we conducted measurements of strontium isotopes and elemental content of a continuous series of carbonate samples from the Dengying Formation of Well PT1, located in the Sichuan Basin, southeastern Tibetan Plateau, in order to constrain the paleoenvironment of the latest Ediacaran. Strict sample screening was used to ensure that the isotopes and elements were not affected by diagenesis. Our analyses show that the environment and geochemical records of the seawater were controlled by tectonic activities, especially the Gondwana assembly. The global strontium isotope correlation indicates that the Sichuan Basin was a restricted basin (high 87Sr/86Sr values, ∼0.7090), which can be attributed to the existence of a submarine high. Under the background of oxic environment, there were two episodes of anoxic expansion. During the initial stage, the stable terrigenous detrital input and oxic environment provided the prerequisite for the emergence of aerobic organisms in the restricted platform. Then, the decreasing sea level and intense tectonic activities improved the terrigenous detrital input with higher 87Sr/86Sr values (∼0.7095), which stimulated the emergence of aerobic organisms, further resulting in the first episode of anoxic environment. Lastly, a global transgressive resulted in a high sea level, and thus, the Sichuan Basin changed to an open platform. The exchange with extensive oceans led to the increased paleoproductivity, which consumed oxygen and nutrients, further resulting in the second episode of anoxic environment. Thus, the restriction degree, eustatic variations, and the terrigenous detrital input affected the biological evolution and redox conditions.

Aim: We aimed to identify new plasma biomarkers for the diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB). Background: Tuberculosis is an ancient infectious disease that remains one of the major global health problems. Until now, effective, convenient, and affordable methods for diagnosis of PTB were still lacking. Objective: This study focused on constructing a label-free LC-MS/MS-based comparative proteomics between six tuberculosis patients and six healthy controls to identify Differentially Expressed Proteins (DEPs) in plasma. Methods: To reduce the influences of high-abundant proteins, albumin and globulin were removed from plasma samples using affinity gels. Then DEPs from the plasma samples were identified using a label-free Quadrupole-Orbitrap LC-MS/MS system. The results were analyzed by the protein database search algorithm SEQUEST-HT to identify mass spectra to peptides. The predictive abilities of combinations of host markers were investigated by General Discriminant Analysis (GDA), with Leave-One-Out Cross- Validation (LOOCV). Results: A total of 572 proteins were identified and 549 proteins were quantified. The threshold for DEPs was set as adjusted p-value < 0.05 and fold change ≥1.5 or ≤0.6667, 32 DEPs were found. ClusterVis, TBtools, and STRING were used to find new potential biomarkers of PTB. Six proteins, LY6D, DSC3, CDSN, FABP5, SERPINB12, and SLURP1, which performed well in the LOOCV method validation, were termed as potential biomarkers. The percentage of cross-validated grouped cases correctly classified and original grouped cases correctly classified is greater than or equal to 91.7%. Conclusion: We successfully identified five candidate biomarkers for immunodiagnosis of PTB in plasma, LY6D, DSC3, CDSN, SERPINB12, and SLURP1. Our work supported this group of proteins as potential biomarkers for PTB, and be worthy of further validation.

To explore the mechanisms of squeak generation in automotive interior, the stick-slip experiments of polypropylene verse leather were conducted under various conditions. The friction properties wer...

Additional file 10: Fig. S10. The illustration of ROI segmentation on H.E slice.

Additional file 3: Fig. S3. The prognostic value of radiomics score in the external validation cohort and the results of unsupervised clustering. A) The Kaplan���Meier analysis showed that higher radiomics score was associated with worse DFS in external validation cohort.

Additional file 1. Supplementary materials.

Additional file 6: Fig. S6. Heatmap and volcano plot of DEGs between high- and low-score groups. A-B) DEGs of miRNA. C-D) DEGs of lncRNA. E) heatmap of DEGs of mRNA. F) function annotation of downregulated DEGs.

Additional file 4: Fig. S1. Phylogenetic tree of PhoA, PhoD, PhoX and PafA. Fig. S2. Comparison of (a) the number of detected PCGs families and (b) run time in searching against arCOG, COG, eggNOG, KEGG and PCyCDB. Fig. S3. Functional composition of PCGs families in seven habitats. Fig. S4. Quantitative analysis of transporters in seven habitats. *:P < 0.05; **:P < 0.01, ***:P < 0.001, ****:P < 0.0001.

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. The workflow of radiomics score calculation and clinical application. Tumor MRI scans were segmented manually. Radiomics features were then extracted and filtered according to ICC. LASSO was applied to the selected features.

Additional file 7: Fig. S7. Immunophenscore of high- and low-score group. No significant difference found between groups. A) Immunophenscore (EC) of high- and low-score group. B) Immunophenscore (CP) of high- and low-score group. C) Immunophenscore (SC) of high- and low-score group.

Additional file 2: Fig. S2. The process of the calculation of radiomics score. A, B) Univariate analysis of all radiomics features. Only features with p 0.75 were selected. C, D) LASSO was applied to select features. A radiomics score was generated by linear combination of selected features. E) A time-dependent ROC was plotted. The best cut value was set according to the Youden index.

Additional file 9: Fig. S9. The computational histopathological features in this study.

Additional file 8: Fig. S8. The radiomics features extracted in this study using ���slicer radiomics���.

Additional file 4: Fig. S4. Calibration plot of validation cohort.

BackgroundGeneration and maturation of human oocyte in vitro could facilitate studies of folliculogenesis and oogenesis. We have previously shown that human aminotic fluid stem cells giving rise to oocyte-like cells (OLCs), However, it was difficult to observe whether these OLCs enter meiotic stage. MethodsHuman induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and embryonic stem cells (hESCs) were cultured by follicle fluid, cytokines and small molecule to induced oocyte-like cells (OLCs) formation through a three-step induction procedure. Surface marker expression and differentiation potential of germ cells were analyzed in vitro by flow cytometry, gene expression, immunocytochemistry, western blotting and RNA Sequencing.ResultsTo induce hiPSCs differentiation into OLCs, cells were firstly cultured in a primordial germ cell medium for 10 days. The cells showed the morphology similar to primordial germ cells (PGCs), highly expressing germ cell markers and primordial follicle development associated genes. The induced PGCs were then cultured in the primordial follicle-like cell medium for 5 days to form the induced follicle-like structures (iFLs), which retained both primordial oocytes-like cells and granulosa-like cells. In the third step, the detached iFLs were harvested and transferred to the OLC-medium for additional 10 days. The cumulus-oocyte-complexes (COC) structures and OLCs in different sizes (50-150 μm diameter) with zona pellucida were observed. The in vitro matured OLCs presented the polar body and arrested at metaphase II (MII) stage. Some OLCs were self-activated and spontaneously developed into multiple-cell structures similar to preimplantation embryos, indicating that OLCs were parthenogenetically activated though in vitro fertilization potential of OLCs are yet proved.ConclusionsIn vitro maturation of OLCs derived from hiPSCs provides a new means to study human germ cell formation and oogenesis.

Under the background of the rapid rise of open-source software and the gradual popularization of various software development tools, a large amount of development activity data has been accumulated on the Internet. In the process of using these data to construct data sets, due to their poor traceability and narrow application scope, the quality of data in development activities is not high and the accuracy of analysis results is not high. The application of the hierarchical feature similarity integration method of data sets can make the multi-version and multi-level development smoother and more orderly. In this paper, a hierarchical feature similarity integration method based on hierarchical deep learning is proposed for data sets. Firstly, the dynamic mesh partitioning method is used to divide the sparse and dense regions in the space, which reduces the scale of data detection and shortens the execution time of detection. Then, through the hierarchical deep learning process, the professional knowledge and the distribution information of data attribute value are fused to realize the detection of discrete data in the database. Experimental results show that this method can accurately complete the detection of discrete data in the database in a relatively short time, and has more application advantages than traditional methods.

The endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YTB1407 was previously reported to promote the growth of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas cv. Yanshu 25). Here, we demonstrate in both in vitro and pot trial assays that pre-treatment with YTB1407 suspension could enhance resistance against root rot disease and black rot disease, caused by Fusarium solani Mart. Sacc. f. sp. batatas McClure and Ceratocystis fimbriata Ell. & Halst on sweet potato, respectively. When seedlings were infected with fungal pathogens at 10 days post irrigation, pre-treatment with YTB1407 suspension decreased these pathogens and YTB1407 bacterial biomass in sweet potato roots. The pre-treatment activated the expression of salicylic acid (SA)-responsive PR-1 gene, raised SA content, and reduced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the host to resist F. solani, while it enhanced the expression levels of SA-responsive NPR1 and PR1 genes and increased SA content to resist C. fimbriata. The disease resistance control effect initiated by pre-treatment with YTB1407 for root rot pathogen (F. solani) was better than for black rot pathogen (C. fimbriata). The results indicated that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YTB1407 played a pivotal role in enhancing resistance to two fungi pathogens in sweet potato, through production of some antifungal metabolites to decrease infection in the early stage as well as induction of SA-dependent systemic resistance.

To investigate the feasibility and outlook of air-powered vehicles including compressed air-powered vehicle and liquid nitrogen-powered vehicle, thermodynamic analysis and experiment data were used to analyze the energy density, performance, safety, running efficiency, fuel circulation economy and consumer acceptance, etc. The results show that compressed air and liquid nitrogen have similar energy density as Ni-H battery; the characteristics of an air-powered engine is suitable for driving a vehicle; the circulation efficiency of liquid nitrogen is 3.6%–14% and that of compressed air is 25%–32.3% in practice, and existing technology can assure its safety. It is concluded that though the performance of an air-powered engine is inferior to that of the traditional inert combustion engine, an airpowered vehicle is fit for future green cars to realize the sustainable development of society and environment.

To calculate the thermal loading of the air-cooled diesel engine, the knowledge of the heat transfer coefficient at the contour of the components on the engine under consideration is necessary. In the present paper, a «Variable Space Integral Method (VSIM)» is proposed by which the distribution of the local heat transfer coefficient α g (h) and ensemble averaged gas temperature Tres(h) along the cylinder liner on the gas side, could be calculated