114 results on '"Yu Hsiang Hsu"'
Search Results
2. Self-propelled two-dimensional rotary piezoelectric plate actuator
- Author
-
Sz-Rung Lai, Yu-Hsiang Hsu, and Chih-Kung Lee
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
3. Supplementary Figure Legend from Anti–IL-20 Monoclonal Antibody Alleviates Inflammation in Oral Cancer and Suppresses Tumor Growth
- Author
-
Ming-Shi Chang, Chien-Hui Chan, Dar-Bin Shieh, Chi-Chen Wei, and Yu-Hsiang Hsu
- Abstract
PDF file - 78K
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Supplementary Figure 1 from Anti–IL-20 Monoclonal Antibody Alleviates Inflammation in Oral Cancer and Suppresses Tumor Growth
- Author
-
Ming-Shi Chang, Chien-Hui Chan, Dar-Bin Shieh, Chi-Chen Wei, and Yu-Hsiang Hsu
- Abstract
PDF file - 4.4MB, Anti-IL-20 mAb treatment suppressed tumor growth in vivo
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Supplementary Table 1 from Upregulated IL-19 in Breast Cancer Promotes Tumor Progression and Affects Clinical Outcome
- Author
-
Ming-Shi Chang, Chien-Feng Li, Ching-Hua Yeh, Chien-Hui Chan, Yu-Hsiang Hsu, Hung-Chi Cheng, and Chung-Hsi Hsing
- Abstract
PDF file - 62K
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Supplementary Figure Legends 1-3 from Upregulated IL-19 in Breast Cancer Promotes Tumor Progression and Affects Clinical Outcome
- Author
-
Ming-Shi Chang, Chien-Feng Li, Ching-Hua Yeh, Chien-Hui Chan, Yu-Hsiang Hsu, Hung-Chi Cheng, and Chung-Hsi Hsing
- Abstract
PDF file - 86K
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Data from Upregulated IL-19 in Breast Cancer Promotes Tumor Progression and Affects Clinical Outcome
- Author
-
Ming-Shi Chang, Chien-Feng Li, Ching-Hua Yeh, Chien-Hui Chan, Yu-Hsiang Hsu, Hung-Chi Cheng, and Chung-Hsi Hsing
- Abstract
Purpose: Interleukin (IL)-19 was expressed in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast tissue but not in healthy breast tissue. We explored the effects of IL-19 on the pathogenesis of breast cancer and its clinical outcome.Experimental Design: Tumor expression of IL-19 was assessed by immunohistochemistry and/or real-time quantitative PCR between two groups of patients with breast IDC (n = 60 and 143, respectively) with available clinical and survival data. We examined the effects of IL-19 on cytokine and chemokine production as well as proliferation and migration in breast cancer cells. Mice were injected with IL-19–overexpressing or vector control 67NR cells and the tumor growth and lung metastatic micronodules were measured.Results: Of the IDC specimens, high IL-19 expression was associated with advanced tumor stage, high tumor metastasis, and worse survival. In vitro, IL-19 induced transcripts of IL-1β, IL-6, TGF-β, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2, MMP9, and CXCR4 in 4T1 breast cancer cells; induced fibronectin expression and assembly; and promoted cancer cell proliferation and migration, which were inhibited by anti-IL-19 monoclonal antibody (mAb). Endogenous fibronectin expression and cancer cell migration were lower in IL-19 knockdown 4T1 cells. In 4T1 cells, hypoxia induced IL-19 and CXCR4 expression, which was inhibited by anti-IL-19 mAb. IL-19 overexpression in noninvasive 67NR cancer cells increased cell proliferation and migration. In vivo, mice injected with IL-19–overexpressing 67NR cell clones showed larger tumors and more metastatic micronodules in the lung.Conclusions: High IL-19 expression in breast cancer tissue is associated with a poor clinical outcome. IL-19 is pivotal in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 18(3); 713–25. ©2011 AACR. more...
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Supplementary Table 3 from Upregulated IL-19 in Breast Cancer Promotes Tumor Progression and Affects Clinical Outcome
- Author
-
Ming-Shi Chang, Chien-Feng Li, Ching-Hua Yeh, Chien-Hui Chan, Yu-Hsiang Hsu, Hung-Chi Cheng, and Chung-Hsi Hsing
- Abstract
PDF file - 61K
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Supplementary Figure 1 from Upregulated IL-19 in Breast Cancer Promotes Tumor Progression and Affects Clinical Outcome
- Author
-
Ming-Shi Chang, Chien-Feng Li, Ching-Hua Yeh, Chien-Hui Chan, Yu-Hsiang Hsu, Hung-Chi Cheng, and Chung-Hsi Hsing
- Abstract
PDF file - 91K
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Supplementary Table 2 from Upregulated IL-19 in Breast Cancer Promotes Tumor Progression and Affects Clinical Outcome
- Author
-
Ming-Shi Chang, Chien-Feng Li, Ching-Hua Yeh, Chien-Hui Chan, Yu-Hsiang Hsu, Hung-Chi Cheng, and Chung-Hsi Hsing
- Abstract
PDF file - 52K
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Supplementary Figure 3 from Upregulated IL-19 in Breast Cancer Promotes Tumor Progression and Affects Clinical Outcome
- Author
-
Ming-Shi Chang, Chien-Feng Li, Ching-Hua Yeh, Chien-Hui Chan, Yu-Hsiang Hsu, Hung-Chi Cheng, and Chung-Hsi Hsing
- Abstract
PDF file - 144K
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Supplementary Figure 2 from Upregulated IL-19 in Breast Cancer Promotes Tumor Progression and Affects Clinical Outcome
- Author
-
Ming-Shi Chang, Chien-Feng Li, Ching-Hua Yeh, Chien-Hui Chan, Yu-Hsiang Hsu, Hung-Chi Cheng, and Chung-Hsi Hsing
- Abstract
PDF file - 592K
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Supplementary Table 4 from Upregulated IL-19 in Breast Cancer Promotes Tumor Progression and Affects Clinical Outcome
- Author
-
Ming-Shi Chang, Chien-Feng Li, Ching-Hua Yeh, Chien-Hui Chan, Yu-Hsiang Hsu, Hung-Chi Cheng, and Chung-Hsi Hsing
- Abstract
PDF file - 60K
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Circulating SSEA-1+ stem cell-mediated tissue repair in allergic airway inflammation
- Author
-
Chiao-Juno Chiu, Chien-Chia Liao, Yu-Hsiang Hsu, and Bor-Luen Chiang
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Molecular Medicine ,Cell Biology ,Molecular Biology - Abstract
Structural changes known as airway remodeling characterize chronic/severe asthma and contribute to lung dysfunction. We previously reported that neonatal SSEA-1+ pulmonary stem/progenitor cells (PSCs) ameliorated airway inflammation in asthmatic mice. However, the molecular mechanisms by which endogenous SSEA-1+ PSC of adult mice afford beneficial effects in alveolar homeostasis and lung repair after allergen challenge remain incompletely understood. To analyze the expression profile and clarify the biological significance of endogenous adult lung SSEA-1+ cells in asthmatic mice. Lung SSEA-1+ cells and circulating SSEA-1+ cells in peripheral blood were determined by confocal microscopy and cytometric analysis. GFP chimeric mice were used to trace cell lineage in vivo. The roles of circulating SSEA-1+ cells were verified in ovalbumin-induced and house dust mite-induced allergic asthmatic models. In asthmatic mice, endogenous lung SSEA-1+ cells almost disappeared; however, a unique population of circulating SSEA-1+ cells was enriched after the challenge phase. In asthmatic mice, adoptive transfer of circulating SSEA-1+ cells had a specific homing preference for the lung in response to inhaled antigen through upregulating CXCR7–CXCL11 chemokine axis. Circulating SSEA-1+ cells can transdifferentiate in the alveolar space and ameliorate lung inflammation and structural damage through inhibiting the infiltration of inflammatory cells into peribronchovascular and goblet cell hyperplasia areas, reducing the thickened smooth muscle layers and PAS-positive mucus-containing goblet cells. Reinforcing bone marrow-derived circulating SSEA-1+ cells from peripheral blood into lung tissue which create a rescue mechanism in maintaining alveolar homeostasis and tissue repair to mediate lung protection for emergency responses after allergen challenge in asthmatic conditions. more...
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Development of a two-dimensional piezoelectric traveling-wave generator
- Author
-
Yu-Hsiang Hsu, Yu-Min Lin, Chih-Kung Lee, Wen-Chun Su, and Yuan-Ting Kao
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Physics ,Phase difference ,Mechanical Engineering ,Acoustics ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Piezoelectricity ,Square (algebra) ,Core (optical fiber) ,Generator (circuit theory) ,Piezoelectric motor ,0103 physical sciences ,Traveling wave ,General Materials Science ,Development (differential geometry) ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
In this article, we present a new method to control the direction of traveling waves in either an x-direction or y-direction on a two-dimensional square plate. The core structure was composed of a piezoelectric serial bimorph with four electrodes. Each electrode was spatially designed to activate one of the bending modes and which included the ability to reduce adjacent modes and minimize interference. Our new method differs from other reported methods in that the four electrodes were driven at designated resonant frequencies. In our wave generator, different driving amplitudes and phases were applied to induce the traveling waves to propagate in a specific direction. To design the directional movement and to better understand the pattern of induced traveling waves, an analytical solution was derived to assist in the design of the four driving electrodes. Using our newly developed analytical method, traveling waves can be controlled to travel in either the x-direction or y-direction using two different sets of electrodes, where each electrode can be driven at a specific but different bending mode. We found that both the voltage ratio and phase difference between the two driving electrodes are important factors for optimization. more...
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Targeting interleukin-20 alleviates paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy
- Author
-
Yi Fan Chen, Ming-Shi Chang, Chou Ching K. Lin, Lian Yun Chang, Peng Chan Lin, Hsiao Hsuan Wang, Yu Hsiang Hsu, Meng Ru Shen, Yu Min Yeh, and Li Hsien Chen
- Subjects
Paclitaxel ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Proinflammatory cytokine ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Interleukin 20 ,030202 anesthesiology ,Ganglia, Spinal ,Animals ,Humans ,Medicine ,Neuroinflammation ,Chemotherapy ,business.industry ,Interleukins ,Neurotoxicity ,Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ,medicine.disease ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,Cytokine ,Peripheral neuropathy ,Neurology ,chemistry ,Hyperalgesia ,Cancer research ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
The role of immune mediators, including proinflammatory cytokines in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), remains unclear. Here, we studied the contribution of interleukin-20 (IL-20) to the development of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy. Increased serum levels of IL-20 in cancer patients with chemotherapy were accompanied by increased CIPN risk. In mouse models, proinflammatory IL-20 levels in serum and dorsal root ganglia fluctuated with paclitaxel treatment. Blocking IL-20 with the neutralizing antibody or genetic deletion of its receptors prevented CIPN, alleviated peripheral nerve damage, and dampened inflammatory responses, including macrophage infiltration and cytokine release. Mechanistically, paclitaxel upregulated IL-20 through dysregulated Ca homeostasis, which augmented chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity. Importantly, IL-20 suppression did not alter paclitaxel efficacy on cancer treatment both in vitro and in vivo. Together, targeting IL-20 ameliorates paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy by suppressing neuroinflammation and restoring Ca homeostasis. Therefore, the anti-IL-20 monoclonal antibody is a promising therapeutic for the prevention and treatment of paclitaxel-induced neuropathy. more...
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Interleukin-20 is involved in dry eye disease and is a potential therapeutic target
- Author
-
Hsiao-Hsuan Wang, Wei-Yu Chen, Yi-Hsun Huang, Sheng-Min Hsu, Yeou-Ping Tsao, Yu-Hsiang Hsu, and Ming-Shi Chang
- Subjects
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Interleukins ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Cell Biology ,General Medicine ,Disease Models, Animal ,Mice ,Tears ,Animals ,Cytokines ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Dry Eye Syndromes ,Molecular Biology - Abstract
Background Dry eye disease (DED) is a common disease in ophthalmology, affecting millions of people worldwide. Recent studies have shown that inflammation is the core mechanism of DED. IL-20 is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in various inflammatory diseases. Therefore, we aimed to explore the role of this cytokine in the pathogenesis of DED and evaluate the therapeutic potential of the anti-IL-20 monoclonal antibody (mAb) 7E for DED treatment. Methods Clinical tear samples from patients with DED and non-DED controls were collected and their IL-20 protein levels were determined. We established three DED animal models to explore the role of IL-20 and the efficacy of IL-20 antibody in DED. Benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-induced over-evaporative DED, extra-orbital lacrimal gland excision (LGE)-induced aqueous tear-deficient DED, and desiccating stress (DS)-induced combined over-evaporative and aqueous tear-deficient DED animal models were established to investigate the role of IL-20. The anti-IL-20 antibody 7E was established to neutralize IL-20 activity. The effects of IL-20 or 7E on human corneal epithelial cells and macrophages under hyperosmotic stress were analyzed. 7E was topically applied to eyes to evaluate the therapeutic effects in the DED animal models. Results IL-20 was significantly upregulated in the tears of patients with DED and in the tears and corneas of DED animal models. Under hyperosmotic stress, IL-20 expression was induced via NFAT5 activation in corneal epithelial cells. 7E suppressed hyperosmotic stress-induced activation of macrophages. IL-20 induced cell death in corneal epithelial cells and 7E protected cells from hyperosmotic stress-induced cell death. Blocking IL-20 signaling with 7E protected mice from BAC-induced, LGE-induced, and DS-induced DED by reducing DED symptoms and inhibiting inflammatory responses, macrophage infiltration, apoptosis, and Th17 populations in the conjunctiva and draining lymph nodes. Conclusions Our results demonstrated the functions of IL-20 in DED and presented a potential therapeutic option for this condition. Graphical Abstract more...
- Published
- 2022
18. Circulating SSEA-1
- Author
-
Chiao-Juno, Chiu, Chien-Chia, Liao, Yu-Hsiang, Hsu, and Bor-Luen, Chiang
- Subjects
Inflammation ,Disease Models, Animal ,Mice ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,Ovalbumin ,Stem Cells ,Airway Remodeling ,Animals ,Lewis X Antigen ,Allergens ,Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ,Lung ,Asthma - Abstract
Structural changes known as airway remodeling characterize chronic/severe asthma and contribute to lung dysfunction. We previously reported that neonatal SSEA-1
- Published
- 2022
19. Baseflow Variation in Southern Taiwan Basin
- Author
-
Hsin-Yu Chen, Yu-Hsiang Hsu, Chia-Chi Huang, and Hsin-Fu Yeh
- Subjects
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,baseflow ,wavelet analysis ,Geography, Planning and Development ,partial correlation analysis ,Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) ,Building and Construction ,baseflow attribution analysis ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law - Abstract
Baseflow is among the most important components of streamflow. It is the main source of streamflow from groundwater systems in the dry season and also plays an important role as a water resource in the ecological environment and for human activities. In recent years, because of climate change, the number of dry season days in Taiwan has increased, and the wet season has been delayed, resulting in fewer rainy days and increased precipitation intensity. In addition, the spatial distribution of rainfall is uneven, and rivers are short and fast-flowing. Taiwan has become a country with abundant rainfall but insufficient water resources; therefore, the assessment of baseflow is important. This study selected eight basins with distinct wet and dry seasons in southern Taiwan as the study area. The baseflow characteristics and their relationships with climate features were assessed using time series analysis, baseflow attribution analysis, and wavelet analysis. The results showed that baseflow has an increasing trend; both precipitation and evapotranspiration have a significant positive correlation with baseflow, and the impact of precipitation is greater than that of evaporation. Sensitivity analysis showed that baseflow increases with increasing evaporation and precipitation; this behavior is related to the concentration of precipitation and evaporation in the wet season. Baseflow attribution analysis showed that the contribution of climate change to baseflow (75.0%) was larger than that of human activities (−2.9%), indicating that climate change was the main factor in the increase in baseflow. Wavelet analysis showed that both the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) are correlated with baseflow, where the PDO is more strongly correlated than the ENSO. The main timescales of the ENSO and PDO are a 4–8-year band and an 8-year band, respectively. The ENSO may have a timescale above the 8-year band, and the PDO exhibits periodic correlation changes at a 1-year band. more...
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Efficient and stable activation by microwave annealing of nanosheet silicon doped with phosphorus above its solubility limit
- Author
-
Chun-Hsiung Tsai, Chandrashekhar P. Savant, Mohammad Javad Asadi, Yu-Ming Lin, Ivan Santos, Yu-Hsiang Hsu, Jeffrey Kowalski, Lourdes Pelaz, Wei-Yen Woon, Chih-Kung Lee, and James C. M. Hwang
- Subjects
Silicon nanosheets ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,2203 Electrónica ,Nanoláminas de silicio - Abstract
Producción Científica, The relentless scaling of semiconductor devices pushes the doping level far above the equilibrium solubility, yet the doped material must be sufficiently stable for subsequent device fabrication and operation. For example, in epitaxial silicon doped above the solubility of phosphorus, most phosphorus dopants are compensated by vacancies, and some of the phosphorus-vacancy clusters can become mobile around 700 °C to further cluster with isolated phosphorus ions. For efficient and stable doping, we use microwave annealing to selectively activate metastable phosphorus-vacancy clusters by interacting with their dipole moments, while keeping lattice heating below 700 °C. In a 30-nm-thick Si nanosheet doped with 3 × 1021 cm−3 phosphorus, a microwave power of 12 kW at 2.45 GHz for 6 min resulted in a free-electron concentration of 4 × 1020 cm−3 and a junction more abrupt than 4 decades/nm. The doping profile is stable with less than 4% variation upon thermal annealing around 700 °C for 5 min. Thus, microwave annealing can result in not only efficient activation and abrupt profile in epitaxial silicon but also thermal stability. In comparison, conventional rapid thermal annealing can generate a junction as abrupt as microwave annealing but 25% higher sheet resistance and six times higher instability at 700 °C., Supplemental material: Efficient and stable activation by microwave annealing of nanosheet silicon doped with phosphorus above its solubility limit, Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (Contract MOST 109-2628-M-008-004-MY3) more...
- Published
- 2022
21. A size reduction method for rapid digital PCR using thin-film chip and vacuum pouch microfluidic system
- Author
-
YU-HSIANG HSU and Cheng-Je Lee
- Subjects
Materials Chemistry ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials - Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Programmed Topographic Substrates for Studying Roughness Gradient-Dependent Cell Migration Using Two-Photon Polymerization
- Author
-
Subhashree Shivani, Yu-Hsiang Hsu, Cheng-Je Lee, Chi-Sheng Cheong, Tien-Tung Chung, and An-Bang Wang
- Subjects
Cell Biology ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
The mediation of the extracellular matrix is one of the major environmental cues to direct cell migration, such as stiffness-dependent durotaxis and adhesiveness-dependent haptotaxis. In this study, we explore another possible contact guidance: roughness dependent topotaxis. Different from previously reported studies on topotaxis that use standard photolithography to create micron or submicron structures that have identical height and different spatial densities, we develop a new method to programmatically fabricate substrates with different patterns of surface roughness using two-photon polymerization. Surface roughness ranging from 0.29 to 1.11 μm can be created by controlling the voxel distance between adjacently cured ellipsoid voxels. Patterned Ormocomp® masters are transferred to polypropylene films using the nanoimprinting method for cell migration study. Our experimental results suggest that MG63 cells can sense the spatial distribution of their underlying extracellar roughness and modulate their migration velocity and direction. Three characteristic behaviors were identified. First, cells have a higher migration velocity on substrates with higher roughness. Second, cells preferred to migrate from regions of higher roughness to lower roughness, and their migration velocity also decreased with descending roughness. Third, the migration velocity remained unchanged on the lower roughness range on a graded substrate with a steeper roughness. The last cell migration characteristic suggests the steepness of the roughness gradient can be another environmental cue in addition to surface roughness. Finally, the combination of two-photon polymerization and nanoimprint methods could become a new fabrication methodology to create better 3D intricate structures for exploring topotactic cell migrations. more...
- Published
- 2021
23. Interferon Family Cytokines in Obesity and Insulin Sensitivity
- Author
-
Ling-Yu Huang, Chiao-Juno Chiu, Chung-Hsi Hsing, and Yu-Hsiang Hsu
- Subjects
General Medicine - Abstract
Obesity and its associated complications are global public health concerns. Metabolic disturbances and immune dysregulation cause adipose tissue stress and dysfunction in obese individuals. Immune cell accumulation in the adipose microenvironment is the main cause of insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction. Infiltrated immune cells, adipocytes, and stromal cells are all involved in the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in adipose tissues and affect systemic homeostasis. Interferons (IFNs) are a large family of pleiotropic cytokines that play a pivotal role in host antiviral defenses. IFNs are critical immune modulators in response to pathogens, dead cells, and several inflammation-mediated diseases. Several studies have indicated that IFNs are involved in the pathogenesis of obesity. In this review, we discuss the roles of IFN family cytokines in the development of obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. more...
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Roles of IL-1 and IL-10 family cytokines in the progression of systemic lupus erythematosus: Friends or foes?
- Author
-
Yi-Rou Wu, Hsin-Yi Huang, Chung-Hsi Hsing, Chiao-Juno Chiu, and Yu Hsiang Hsu
- Subjects
IL-10 family ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Inflammation ,medicine.disease_cause ,Biochemistry ,Pathogenesis ,immune system diseases ,Genetics ,Medicine ,Humans ,Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,Molecular Biology ,Autoimmune disease ,business.industry ,Interleukins ,Cell Biology ,Immune dysregulation ,medicine.disease ,Pathophysiology ,Interleukin-10 ,Organ damage ,Immunology ,Etiology ,Cytokines ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Interleukin-1 - Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease of unknown etiology that can affect nearly every organ system in the body. Besides genetic and environmental factors, unbalanced pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines contribute to immune dysregulation, trigger an inflammatory response, and induce tissue and organ damage. Inflammatory responses in SLE can be promoted and/or maintained by the availability of cytokines that are overproduced systemically and/or in local tissues. Several key cytokines have been considered potential targets for the reduction of chronic inflammation in SLE. Recent studies indicated that dysregulated production of several cytokines, including those of the IL-1 family and IL-10 family, orchestrate immune activation and self-tolerance, play critical roles in the pathogenesis of SLE. Among IL-1 family cytokines, IL-1, IL-18, IL-33, IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38 had been the most thoroughly investigated in SLE. Additionally, IL-10 family cytokines, IL-10, IL-20, IL-22, IL-26, IL-28, and IL-29 are dysregulated in SLE. Therefore, a better understanding of the initiation and progression of SLE may provide suitable novel targets for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we discuss the involvement of inflammation in the pathogenesis of SLE, with a focus on IL-1 family and IL-10 family cytokines, and highlight pathophysiological approaches and therapeutic potential for treating SLE. more...
- Published
- 2021
25. IL-20 is involved in obesity by modulation of adipogenesis and macrophage dysregulation
- Author
-
Yi-Chieh Chang, Wei Ting Chen, Yu Hsiang Hsu, Martin Wabitsch, Chih Hsing Wu, Chiao-Juno Chiu, and Ming-Shi Chang
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Immunology ,Adipose tissue ,Gene Expression ,Inflammation ,Proinflammatory cytokine ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Mice ,Insulin resistance ,Downregulation and upregulation ,Internal medicine ,Adipocyte ,medicine ,Adipocytes ,Immunology and Allergy ,Animals ,Humans ,Insulin ,Obesity ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Adipogenesis ,business.industry ,Monocyte ,Interleukins ,Macrophages ,Original Articles ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Chemotaxis, Leukocyte ,Disease Models, Animal ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Glucose ,chemistry ,Cytokines ,Female ,Disease Susceptibility ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Biomarkers ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
IL-20 is a proinflammatory cytokine of the IL-10 family and involved in several diseases. However, the regulatory role of IL-20 in obesity is not well understood. We explored the function of IL-20 in the pathogenesis of obesity-induced insulin resistance by ELISA, western blotting, and flow cytometry. The therapeutic potential of IL-20 monoclonal antibody 7E for ameliorating diet-induced obesity was analyzed in murine models. Higher serum IL-20 levels were detected in obese patients. It was upregulated in leptin-deficient (ob/ob), leptin-resistant (db/db), and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced murine obesity models. In vitro, IL-20 regulated the adipocyte differentiation and the polarization of bone marrow-derived macrophages into proinflammatory M1 type. It also caused inflammation and macrophage retention in adipose tissues by upregulating TNF-α, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), netrin-1, and unc5b (netrin receptor) expression in macrophages, and netrin-1, leptin, and MCP-1 in adipocytes. IL-20 promoted insulin resistance by inhibiting glucose uptake in mature adipocytes through the SOCS-3 pathway. In HFD-induced obesity in mice, 7E treatment reduced body weight, and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity; it also reduced local inflammation and the number of M1-like macrophages in adipose tissues. We have identified a critical role of IL-20 in obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance, and we conclude that IL-20 may be a novel target for treating obesity and insulin resistance in patients with metabolic disorders. more...
- Published
- 2021
26. Development of a cardiac-and-piezoelectric hybrid system for application in drug screening
- Author
-
Chiou-Fong Yang, Yu-Hsiang Hsu, and Yun-Han Huang
- Subjects
Materials science ,Polydimethylsiloxane ,Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ,Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ,Isoproterenol ,Biomedical Engineering ,Bioengineering ,General Chemistry ,Concentric ,Biochemistry ,Piezoelectricity ,Concentric ring ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Hybrid system ,Electrode ,Ic50 values ,Myocytes, Cardiac ,Piezoelectric membrane ,Mechanical Phenomena ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
In this paper, a cardiac-and-piezoelectric hybrid system is developed for drug screening. The core structure is a polyvinylidene-fluoride piezoelectric membrane that serves as a flexible structure to interact with hiPSC cardiomyocytes and that measures the contraction profile of cardiomyocytes. This design enables the capability of electrically monitoring cardiomyocytes without the aid of an optical system. To guide cardiomyocytes aligning on this circular piezoelectric membrane, concentric rings of polydimethylsiloxane microgrooves are bonded to its surface. Experimental results demonstrate that seeded cardiomyocytes can align and elongate along the circular microgrooves to form a concentric pattern. To promote cardiomyocyte maturation, bipolar stimulation is conducted using a pin and a ring electrode made of a 304 stainless steel sheet. Furthermore, to maintain body temperature and minimize environmental noise, a 304 stainless steel box is constructed to enclose the cardiac-and-piezoelectric hybrid platform. It serves as an incubator and is electrically grounded for electromagnetic interference shielding. Using this system, continuous and repeated contractions of cardiomyocytes can be developed and monitored electrically. The system performance is verified using two commercial drugs: isoproterenol and metoprolol. It is experimentally demonstrated that this system can monitor the dosage effect of both drugs. Our results also show that the measured EC50 and IC50 values of contraction frequency and amplitude are in the same range. These findings suggest that both drugs can influence the beat frequency and contraction force simultaneously. In summary, taking advantage of the electro-mechanical coupling effect of the piezoelectric membrane, this system could be scaled up to perform automatic and parallel screenings for drug discoveries. more...
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Study on soft hot embossing process for making microstructures in a cyclo-olefin polymeric (COP) film
- Author
-
Cheng-Je Lee and Yu-Hsiang Hsu
- Subjects
Mechanics of Materials ,Mechanical Engineering ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials - Abstract
Thermoplastic polymers are the primary materials for fabricating commercial microfluidic devices. Despite many excellent properties, the low thermal conductivity is a common limiting factor in speeding up temperature-dependent biological processes, particularly for polymerase chain reactions. There is a need to develop a fabrication process to create thin-film microfluidic devices that can have a small thermal mass and a short microchannel-to-surface distance. This type of device requires the depth of micropatterns to be very close to the film thickness, which can encounter serious fractures during the demolding process. To overcome this challenge, we develop a soft hot embossing process to create micropatterns in a 188 µm thick cyclo-olefin polymeric (COP) film with a high embossing-depth to film-thickness ratio. The advantage of using a soft master is it can easily be peeled off from the molded film without causing a fracture from micropatterns. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is used as the soft silicone master, and four different 110 µm high micropatterns are studied, including ribs, grooves, and circular columns and cavities. PDMS masters for creating a 110 µm deep microchannel with different arrays of 70 µm deep microwells are also investigated. The heights of these one-layer and two-layer PDMS masters are 58.8% and 95.7% of the film thickness. Experimental findings show that less than 3% height variation can be achieved using a single-layer PDMS master with a low aspect ratio. For the two-layer micropatterns, it was found that a dense array with a smaller gap between microwells can have a better pattern transfer. In summary, this study demonstrates the feasibility of using a soft master to create deep or tall micropatterns in a COP film. The possibility of using a soft hot embossing process to create micropatterns for thin-film microfluidic devices is verified. more...
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Population-based high-throughput toxicity screen of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and neurons
- Author
-
Ching Ying Huang, Martin W. Nicholson, Jyun Yuan Wang, Chien Yu Ting, Ming Heng Tsai, Yu Che Cheng, Chun Lin Liu, Darien Z.H. Chan, Yi Chan Lee, Ching Chuan Hsu, Yu Hung Hsu, Chiou Fong Yang, Cindy M.C. Chang, Shu Chian Ruan, Po Ju Lin, Jen Hao Lin, Li Lun Chen, Marvin L. Hsieh, Yuan Yuan Cheng, Wan Tseng Hsu, Yi Ling Lin, Chien Hsiun Chen, Yu Hsiang Hsu, Ying Ta Wu, Timothy A. Hacker, Joseph C. Wu, Timothy J. Kamp, and Patrick C.H. Hsieh more...
- Subjects
Neurons ,Mice ,Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ,Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ,Animals ,Humans ,Cell Differentiation ,Myocytes, Cardiac ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Cardiotoxicity ,Cells, Cultured - Abstract
In this study, we establish a population-based human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) drug screening platform for toxicity assessment. After recruiting 1,000 healthy donors and screening for high-frequency human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes, we identify 13 HLA-homozygous "super donors" to represent the population. These "super donors" are also expected to represent at least 477,611,135 of the global population. By differentiating these representative hiPSCs into cardiomyocytes and neurons we show their utility in a high-throughput toxicity screen. To validate hit compounds, we demonstrate dose-dependent toxicity of the hit compounds and assess functional modulation. We also show reproducible in vivo drug toxicity results using mouse models with select hit compounds. This study shows the feasibility of using a population-based hiPSC drug screening platform to assess cytotoxicity, which can be used as an innovative tool to study inter-population differences in drug toxicity and adverse drug reactions in drug discovery applications. more...
- Published
- 2021
29. A Gated Two-Frequency Two-Mode Method for Piezoelectric Motorization
- Author
-
Tsung-Yu Chu, Yu-Hsiang Hsu, Zi-Xun Lin, and Chih-Kung Lee
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Materials science ,Acoustics ,Mode (statistics) ,Resonance ,02 engineering and technology ,General Medicine ,Linear motor ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Piezoelectricity ,Vibration ,0103 physical sciences ,Electrode ,0210 nano-technology ,Actuator ,Excitation - Abstract
In this study, we present a new driving method to generate traveling waves in a finite plate for application to piezoelectric motors. Due to resonant modes which dominate the vibration of finite structures, methods to reduce resonant effects such as using an electric sinker or driving at a non-resonant frequency have been reported. To take advantage of natural resonance and to increase driving efficiency, a new method entitled gated two-frequency-two-mode (G-TFTM) was developed. A piezoelectric bimorph of 1.1 g weight with two rectangular actuators was implemented to verify the design concept. One actuator was operated at a first bending mode and the other actuator operated at a second bending mode with a phase difference. The driving signal was gated to generate an intermittent excitation to provide the periodic propulsion. To determine the profile of the induced traveling wave, an analytical solution was derived and a numerical model was used. Using these design tools, we experimentally verified that traveling waves can be generated using a G-TFTM method. A 0.1-g object can be moved at a speed of 3.31 mm/s under the condition of a 70-to-20 voltage ratio and a 137 deg phase difference. The moving direction was found to be reversed by changing the phase to −43 deg. The experimental and numerical data are detailed in this paper to demonstrate the feasibility of this G-TFTM method. more...
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Criteria for early referral of OSA: overweight and snoring
- Author
-
P Huang, Jen Ren Wang, Yu Hsiang Hsu, Y Chien, Chiou Feng Lin, and C Chiu
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Waist ,Receiver operating characteristic ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Polysomnography ,Odds ratio ,Overweight ,medicine.disease ,respiratory tract diseases ,Obstructive sleep apnea ,Apnea–hypopnea index ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Body mass index - Abstract
Objectives: Combining domain knowledge and machine learning, we developed a screening tool using the smallest number of bio-features and self-reported symptoms to predict obstructive sleep apnea. Methods: This study analyzed data on 30 self-reported symptoms plus 24 clinical features collected from 3,447 patients who received polysomnography in one regional hospital and one medical center during 2011-2018. We compared the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve among three prediction modules: multivariate logistic regression model, support vector machine, and neural network method. In addition, the odds ratio was also evaluated by gender and age group. Results: We found AUROC consistently increased by 0.01-0.10 after adding the item of self-reported snoring. Besides, the performance of 4-items (gender, age, body mass index, snoring) was similar to those of adding two more items (neck and waist circumference) for the prediction of moderate to severe OSA (Apnea Hypopnea Index ≥15) in all three prediction models, indicating the significance of domain knowledge. The AUROC of the 4-item test set were 0.83, 0.84, and 0.83 for MLR, SVM, and NN, respectively. Further analysis indicated participants with BMI ≥25 and frequent snoring were at higher risk of moderate to severe OSA. Conclusions: The module of OSA developed in this study indicated overweight and frequent snoring as suitable criteria for early detection of OSA by primary care physicians. more...
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. A study on a Ferro-electret film-type speaker
- Author
-
Yu-Hsiang Hsu, Chih-Kung Lee, and Yu-Sheng Liao
- Subjects
Void (astronomy) ,Materials science ,Electret ,Ferroelectret ,Fixture ,Composite material ,Actuator ,Porosity ,Curvature ,Piezoelectricity - Abstract
In this paper, we report our work on developing a film-type speaker based on a porous ferroelectret film. This speaker was made of a micro-porous polypropylene film. The advantage of this porous PP film is that it is lightweight and flexible and contains multiple void structures which allow it to store a large number of space charges and to have a piezoelectric effect. Even though microporous polypropylene film has been used in many applications for sensors and actuators, the application for speakers has been limited as it has a poor low frequency response. To break through this limitation, we developed two fixtures which can introduce tension for changing the void structure and for changing the density of the porous film for enhancing the acoustic intensity and overcoming the low frequency response. The two PMMA fixtures possessed an array of rectangular or circular holes to create the ferro-electret film array. They contain a sealed cavity to create negative pressure which can be used to create a curvature to each film for changing the void structure and film density. Our experimental finding showed that the acoustic response at low frequency was successfully enhanced and became smoother after introduction of curvature to the film. We found that the acoustic response of a 12.5mm diameter film was better than film with a diameter of either 10mm and 7.5mm. The optimization of the array fixture and experimental studies are discussed in this paper. more...
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Analysis and development of a ferroelectret cellular PP film
- Author
-
Chih-Kung Lee, Chia-Cheng Chien, William C. Tang, and Yu-Hsiang Hsu
- Subjects
Polypropylene ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Materials science ,chemistry ,Gaseous diffusion ,Ferroelectret ,Composite material ,Current (fluid) ,Actuator ,Piezoelectricity ,Space charge ,Corona discharge - Abstract
In this study, we developed a new type of ferroelectret cellular film by using commercial polypropylene film (PQ60). We first use gas diffusion expansion method to create the void structure inside PQ60 followed by using corona discharge to trap charges in the voids. Then dynamic method was chosen to measure the piezoelectric constant d33. The measured d33 value was above 150 pC/N. We further use Laser-Intensity-Modulation Method to measure the heat induced current from the surface of the cellular PQ60 film at various intensity-modulated frequencies. The result of LIMM can be used to analyze sensor and actuator performance in ferroelectret. more...
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Theoretical and experimental study on a piezoelectric linear motor driven by multi-integer-frequency multi-mode method
- Author
-
Chih-Kung Lee, Yu-Hsiang Hsu, and Wen-Chun Su
- Subjects
Physics ,symbols.namesake ,Amplitude ,Piezoelectric motor ,Acoustics ,symbols ,Hilbert transform ,Bending ,Linear motor ,Actuator ,Piezoelectricity ,Voltage - Abstract
In this paper, we report a non-prismatic one-dimensional piezoelectric linear motor driven by a new method called “Multi- Integer-Frequency Multi-Mode.” The non-prismatic structure of the piezoelectric linear motor is constructed by a 180mm long by 17mm wide by 0.4mm thick stainless steel plate with two30mm long by 17mm wide by 0.6mm thick PZT actuators attached on the top and bottom of the stainless steel plate on two ends. To enable multiple bending modes can be superimposed equally, the ratio of driving voltage and the phase difference between modes are designed to make all of activated modes to have similar amplitudes. Thus, we can activate multiple bending modes for generating traveling waves on the piezoelectric motor. Furthermore, the driving frequencies are made to have a relationship of integer multiplication, and it can improve the efficiency of traveling wave generations. Applying this concept, we developed analytical and a simulation method to analyze the formation of traveling waves. It was identified numerically and verified experimentally that traveling waves can be excited by using the first to the fourth bending modes. We also introduced Hilbert Transform as the design tool for driving optimization and successfully found the most efficient traveling wave driving parameters. Using identified parameters, traveling waves were sufficient induced to push a 5.6g object on the piezoelectric motor in the region between 69.7mm and 122.6mm with an average velocity of 3.1mm/s. more...
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Design and experimental verification of a planar type two-dimensional piezoelectric actuator
- Author
-
Yuan-Ting Kao, Chih-Kung Lee, and Yu-Hsiang Hsu
- Subjects
Physics ,symbols.namesake ,Planar ,Surface-area-to-volume ratio ,Piezoelectric motor ,Acoustics ,symbols ,Bending ,Hilbert transform ,Signal ,Piezoelectricity ,Voltage - Abstract
Piezoelectric actuators have been applied to various applications due to its compact configuration, high force to volume ratio and high precision. In this paper, we present a planar type piezoelectric actuator that has two-dimensional (2-D) motorization capability. This 2-D piezoelectric actuator is constructed by a 0.5 mm thick stainless-steel plate with one 45 mm by 31.8 mm by 0.2 mm piezoelectric PZT that attached on its surface. Using this PZT sheet and driving at two different resonant frequencies with a relationship of integer multiples and a phase difference, traveling waves can be generated to drive the 2-D piezoelectric actuator moving in x- or in y- directions. This driving method is called two-frequency-two-mode. Setting driving frequencies of activated modes to be integer multiples is to stabilize the period of the generated traveling wave and thus increase the propelling efficiency. In addition, the input signal is superposed by the two resonant frequencies on two specific bending modes to selectively drive the 2-D piezoelectric actuator to move in a particular direction. Furthermore, to assist the chosen of the driving voltage ratio and phase difference, Hilbert transform was applied. The weight of the piezoelectric actuator is 17.4 g, and the average moving velocity can reach 1.60 mm/s in x direction and 0.93 mm/s in y direction, where the driving voltage was 100 Vpp. In this paper, numerical studies and experimental studies are presented to verify the performance of this 2-D piezoelectric actuator. more...
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Photonic Doppler velocimetry for high-speed fragment generator measurements
- Author
-
Hsin Lee, Yu-Hsiang Hsu, Chih-Kung Lee, Chun-Hsiung Wang, Jiun-Woei Huang, Shu-Sheng Lee, and Wen-Jong Wu
- Subjects
Heterodyne ,Materials science ,Fragment (computer graphics) ,business.industry ,02 engineering and technology ,Laser Doppler velocimetry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,010309 optics ,Momentum ,Light intensity ,Optics ,0103 physical sciences ,Photonics ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Continuous wavelet transform ,Voltage - Abstract
We developed a modified photonic Doppler velocimetry (PDV) configuration which possesses the ability to record wide-range velocity information to evaluate composite material fracture behavior. With the laminate and tunnel design of a fragment generator, the controllable parameters such as fragment size and applied voltage can provide the flexibility for dynamic evaluation under different momentum conditions. We obtained velocity profiles using continuous wavelet transforms and by using our proposed velocity line tracing algorithm. Simulated heterodyne signals and surface morphology of fractures were examined to verify the heterodyne signals. We observed that the obtained tunnel-end velocity of the fragment generator was proportional to the applied voltage. more...
- Published
- 2020
36. A two-dimensional piezoelectric traveling wave generator using a multi-integer frequency, two-mode method (MIF-TM)
- Author
-
Yu-Hsiang Hsu, Chih-Kung Lee, and Yu-Min Lin
- Subjects
Physics ,Generator (computer programming) ,Mode (statistics) ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Topology ,Piezoelectricity ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Mechanics of Materials ,Signal Processing ,Traveling wave ,General Materials Science ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,Integer (computer science) - Abstract
In this paper, we report a new method called a multi-integer frequency, two-mode (MIF-TM) to generate multi-directional traveling waves on a square plate. The uniqueness of this driving method is threefold. Firstly, as the two driving frequencies are at or near resonant frequencies of the two bending modes, the driving efficiency can be largely enhanced by using structural resonance. Secondly, as the two actuating areas can sufficiently induce traveling waves, each of them is driven by one of the two driving frequencies. It is possible to generate steady traveling waves by making the two driving frequencies possess a multi-integer relationship and with a phase difference. Thirdly, the direction of the traveling wave can be controlled to propagate toward either the x- or y-direction by designing the location and size of the actuating area. To assist in the design of the MIF-TM traveling wave generator, an analytical model was derived to depict the induction of the traveling waves. Using this analytical model, we designed a piezoelectric traveling wave generator with weight of 2.35 g, dimension of 45 × 45 × 0.4 mm piezoelectric bimorph with four designated electrode pairs. It was verified to be either in the positive or negative direction traveling wave as it was controlled by adjusting the phase difference between the two driving frequencies. Our experimental results demonstrated that the generated x-direction traveling wave can move a 0.3 g object at a speed of 1.48 mm s−1, and the generated y-direction travel wave can move this same object at a speed of 1.36 mm s−1. The design, numerical analysis, finite element analysis, and experimental studies are detailed in this paper. more...
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Manufacturing of substrates with different surface roughness for cell migration test by two-photon polymerization method
- Author
-
Subhashree Shivani, An-Bang Wang, Tien-Tung Chung, Yu-Hsiang Hsu, Cheng-Je Lee, and Chi-Seng Cheong
- Subjects
Microscope ,Materials science ,Fabrication ,Polydimethylsiloxane ,010401 analytical chemistry ,02 engineering and technology ,Substrate (printing) ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,law.invention ,Nanoimprint lithography ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Polymerization ,law ,Mold ,medicine ,Surface roughness ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Composite material ,0210 nano-technology ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
In this paper, cell substrates with different assigned surface roughness are manufactured by two-photon polymerization (TPP) method. The surface roughness of substrate can be controlled by changing the laser power, voxel distance, and scan line gap of the 3D printing process in TPP system. The micro substrate structure manufactured by TPP will be used as a master sample for reproducing multiple replica samples by nanoimprint lithography (NIL). In nanoimprint lithography, first a polypropylene (PP) thin sheet will be placed on the surface of the master sample to reproduce the image copy of the surface, called PP mold. Then polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) will be poured on the PP mold to reproduce copies of the master sample, called PDMS mold. Finally the PDMS mold will be filled with liquid PP and the PP substrate will be separated from PDMS mold. The surface characteristics of TPP master samples and PP substrates are analyzed from 3D shapes measured by confocal microscope. It shows that surface roughness of PP substrates is quite similar to those of TPP master samples. TPP is a slow fabrication process. By using nanoimprint lithography to reproduce copies of the master sample, it solves the problem of TPP mass production. The final PP substrates with different surface roughness can be used in studying cell migration test. more...
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Performance Evaluation of Leader–Follower-Based Mobile Molecular Communication Networks for Target Detection Applications
- Author
-
Tokuko Haraguchi, Chen-Hao Chan, Takahiro Hara, Tadashi Nakano, Takako Koujin, Shouhei Kobayashi, Yasushi Hiraoka, Yu-Hsiang Hsu, Takuya Obuchi, and Yutaka Okaie
- Subjects
Engineering ,Molecular communication ,business.industry ,Distributed computing ,Mobile computing ,Wet laboratory ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,Model parameters ,02 engineering and technology ,Division (mathematics) ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Mobile telephony ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Leader follower - Abstract
This paper proposes a leader–follower-based model of mobile molecular communication networks for target detection applications. The proposed model divides the application functionalities of molecular communication networks into two types of mobile bio-nanomachine: leader and follower bio-nanomachines. Leader bio-nanomachines distribute in the environment to detect a target and create an attractant gradient around the target. Follower bio-nanomachines move according to the attractant gradient established by leader bio-nanomachines; they approach the target and perform necessary functionalities, such as releasing drug molecules. This paper develops mathematical expressions for the proposed model, describes wet laboratory experiments designed to estimate model parameters, and performs biologically realistic computer simulation experiments to evaluate the performance of the proposed model. The main contributions of this paper are to demonstrate the functional division of molecular communication networks, which will facilitate the design and development of molecular communication networks. Furthermore, insight into the application-level performance of molecular communication networks will be provided based on the proposed model. more...
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Vacuum pouch microfluidic system and its application for thin-film micromixers
- Author
-
Yu-Hsiang Hsu and Cheng-Je Lee
- Subjects
Materials science ,business.industry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Microfluidics ,Biomedical Engineering ,Mixing (process engineering) ,Reynolds number ,Micromixer ,Bioengineering ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Signal ,0104 chemical sciences ,Volumetric flow rate ,Core (optical fiber) ,symbols.namesake ,symbols ,Optoelectronics ,Thin film ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
In this paper, a new type of lab-on-a-chip system, called vacuum pouch microfluidic (VPM) system, is reported. The core of this technology is a thin-film vacuum pouch that provides negative pumping pressure once it is activated. It is a degassed plastic bag that encloses a microfluidic chip. To demonstrate its performance, a passive thin-film micromixer is developed to integrate with the vacuum pouch. Since both the vacuum pouch and the thin-film micromixer are made of plastic film, they can be laminated together to construct a multi-layered microfluidic system. Excluding the storage reservoir, the overall thickness is 0.4 mm and the total weight is 0.3 g. This system provides a simple and straightforward strategy to construct a standalone, portable, flexible and low cost microfluidic system. The thin-film micromixer uses a serpentine channel to perform the mixing process, and it is found to have distinct mixing mechanisms under different Reynolds (Re) numbers, where lateral diffusion dominates for Re1 and chaotic mixing starts to contribute for Re10. Integrating this thin-film micromixer with the vacuum pouch, it is demonstrated that the negative pumping pressure can be adjusted by different storage reservoirs being placed at the channel exit. Reynolds numbers ranging from 0.0064 to 45.2 can be achieved. It also is verified that the VPM micromixer can be stored for 4 weeks to provide a sufficient flow rate for mixing applications. Finally, to demonstrate the feasibility of applying this VPM-based thin-film micromixer for on-site detection, this system is integrated with the colorimetric method. It is verified that a 10 μl ferrous ion solution and a 10 μl potassium ferricyanide solution can be mixed in 12 seconds, and concentrations of 10 ppm to 1000 ppm can be quantified by analyzing the colorimetric signal in hue values. more...
- Published
- 2019
40. Study of contraction profile of cardiomyocytes by using a piezoelectric membrane
- Author
-
Yu-Hsiang Hsu and Chiou-Fong Yang
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Contraction (grammar) ,food.ingredient ,Materials science ,Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Gelatin ,Concentric ring ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,food ,Cell Adhesion ,Humans ,Myocyte ,Myocytes, Cardiac ,Piezoelectric membrane ,Cell adhesion ,biology ,Polydimethylsiloxane ,food and beverages ,Fibronectin ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
In this paper, we report our study on using a piezoelectric membrane to measure the contraction profile of Human iPSC cardiomyocytes. To guide HiPSC cardiomyocytes aligned concentrically with respect to the circular-shape piezoelectric membrane, 20 μm polydimethylsiloxane micro-grooves with 20 μm separation are molded on top of the piezoelectric membrane to form multiple concentric rings. Gelatin or fibronectin is coated on the microgrooves for promoting cell adhesions. Using this method, repeated contractions can be measured by using the circular piezoelectric membrane, and the contraction profile can be monitored. To study the performance of the piezoelectric membrane, different dosage of commercial drugs are used, including Isoproterenol and Metoprolol. Experimental results demonstrated that the piezoelectric membrane can measure the contraction profile of cardiomyocytes. Cellular responses to different drugs and dosage can be monitored electrically. more...
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Development of P(VDF-TrFE) yarn for strain sensing
- Author
-
Chih-Cheng Kuo, Chih-Kung Lee, and Yu-Hsiang Hsu
- Subjects
Hysteresis ,Materials science ,Strain (chemistry) ,visual_art ,Nozzle ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Development (differential geometry) ,Fiber bundle ,Yarn ,Composite material ,Piezoelectricity ,Electrospinning - Abstract
In this paper, we report our study on using P(VDF-TrFE) to develop a piezoelectric yarn. A new type of needleless nozzle for electrospinning multiple piezoelectric fibers is developed. It is verified that the developed yarn can withstand a mechanical statin as high as 40%. After 2.5 hours alignment process, the yarn has better aligned fiber bundle and lower hysteresis. Furthermore, it could produce a more linear charge output under different strain ranges. This yarn can be applied to a flexible sensor for large strain sensing. more...
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. A miniature circular pump with a piezoelectric bimorph and a disposable chamber for biomedical applications
- Author
-
R.H. Chen, H.K. Ma, N.S. Yu, and Yu-Hsiang Hsu
- Subjects
Engineering ,business.industry ,Acoustics ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Metals and Alloys ,Electrical engineering ,Pillar ,Reciprocating pump ,Diaphragm (mechanical device) ,Diaphragm pump ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,Piezoelectricity ,0104 chemical sciences ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Piezoelectric bimorph ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Current (fluid) ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Actuator ,Instrumentation - Abstract
Piezoelectric miniature pumps provide excellent stability and accuracy, and thus, have been used in fluid handling and medical applications. In the current study, a separable piezoelectric miniature pump was developed by combining a piezoelectric bimorph actuator and a disposable pumping chamber. By employing a single-use disposable pumping chamber the cross-contamination issues caused by repeated uses of the pumping chamber can be easily avoided, making the pump ideal for biological fluid transmission process. The pumping in the proposed miniature pump was indirectly driven by a circular piezoelectric bimorph actuator through a pillar structure that connects the actuator with the covering PET diaphragm of the pumping chamber. The pumping efficiency of the proposed miniature pump was investigated with respect to several parameters, such as the diaphragm thickness, the chamber diameter and the pillar-to-chamber ratio. A maximum flow rate of 9.1 mL/min was achieved by using the proposed pump structure with 10 mm chamber diameter and a pillar-to-chamber ratio of 0.9. more...
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. The role of IL-29 in obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance
- Author
-
YU HSIANG HSU, CHIAO JUNO CHIU, and TIAN YU LIN
- Subjects
Immunology ,Immunology and Allergy - Abstract
Adipocyte-macrophage crosstalk plays a critical role in regulating adipose tissue microenvironment and causes chronic inflammation in the pathogenesis of obesity. Interleukin-29 (IL-29), a member of type 3 interferon family, plays a role in host defenses against microbes. The macrophage is one of the cellular sources of IL-29; however, the role of IL-29 in metabolic disorders is still unclear. We explored the function of IL-29 in the pathogenesis of obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. We found that serum IL-29 level was significantly higher in obese patients. IL-29 upregulated IL-1β, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression and decreased glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity in human SGBS adipocytes through reducing glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and AKT signals. Inhibition of IL-29 could reduce inflammatory cytokine production in the macrophage-adipocyte co-culture system, which mimics an obese microenvironment. In vivo, IL-29 reduced insulin sensitivity and increased the number of peritoneal macrophages in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. IL-29 increased M1/M2 macrophage ratio and enhanced MCP-1 expression in adipose tissues of HFD mice. Therefore, we have identified a critical role of IL-29 in obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance, and we conclude that IL-29 may be a novel candidate target for inhibiting obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance in patients with metabolic disorders. more...
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Study of diffusive- and convective-transport mediated microtumor growth in a controlled microchamber
- Author
-
Carina Jean-Tien Lee, Yu-Hsi Chen, Wei-Wen Liu, Yu-Hsiang Hsu, Tung-Han Wu, and Pai-Chi Li
- Subjects
Mass transport ,Chemistry ,Tumor region ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Microfluidics ,Convective transport ,Biomedical Engineering ,Cell Culture Techniques ,Biological Transport, Active ,02 engineering and technology ,Microfluidic Analytical Techniques ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Resistive circuits ,0104 chemical sciences ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Biophysics ,Humans ,Gradual increase ,0210 nano-technology ,Colorectal Neoplasms ,Molecular Biology - Abstract
In this paper, we report on using mass transport to control nutrition supply of colorectal cancer cells for developing a microtumor in a confined microchamber. To mimic the spatial heterogeneity of a tumor, two microfluidic configurations based on resistive circuits are designed. One has a convection-dominated microchamber to simulate the tumor region proximal to leaky blood vessels. The other has a diffusion-dominated microchamber to mimic the tumor core that lacks blood vessels and nutrient supply. Thus, the time for nutrition to fill the microchamber can vary from tens of minutes to several hours. Results show that cells cultured under a diffusive supply of nutrition have a high glycolytic rate and a nearly constant oxygen consumption rate. In contrast, cells cultured under convective supply of nutrition have a gradual increase of oxygen consumption rate with a low glycolytic rate. This suggests that cancer cells have distinct reactions under different mass transport and nutrition supply. Using these two microfluidic platforms to create different rate of nutrition supply, it is found that a continuous microtumor that almost fills the mm-size microchamber can be developed under a low-nutrient supply environment, but not for the convective condition. It also is demonstrated that microchannels can simulate the delivery of anti-cancer drugs to the microtumor under controlled mass-transport. This method provides a means to develop a larger scale microtumor in a lab-on-a-Chip system for post development and stimulations, and microchannels can be applied to control the physical and chemical environment for anti-cancer drug screening. more...
- Published
- 2019
45. Implementation of an Alternating Least Square Model Based Collaborative Filtering Movie Recommendation System on Hadoop and Spark Platforms
- Author
-
Szu-Yin Lin, Jung-Bin Li, Ying-Chu Huang, and Yu-Hsiang Hsu
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Multimedia ,Computer science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,0206 medical engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Interval (mathematics) ,Recommender system ,computer.software_genre ,Payment ,MovieLens ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Alternating least squares ,Spark (mathematics) ,Collaborative filtering ,computer ,020602 bioinformatics ,Information explosion ,media_common - Abstract
Nowadays, consumers and businesses all face the problem of information explosion. Recommendation systems represent a powerful solution This study practices a movie recommendation system to give suggestions of films to the movie-watcher, enabling him to consume more while shortening the time interval between payments. more...
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. IL-20 bone diseases involvement and therapeutic target potential
- Author
-
Yu Hsiang Hsu, Ming-Shi Chang, and Hsiao Hsuan Wang
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Osteolysis ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Osteoporosis ,lcsh:Medicine ,Inflammation ,Review ,Bone resorption ,Bone remodeling ,Proinflammatory cytokine ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine ,Humans ,Bone homeostasis ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Rheumatoid arthritis ,Molecular Biology ,Cancer-induced osteolysis ,business.industry ,Interleukins ,lcsh:R ,Biochemistry (medical) ,IL-20 ,Cell Biology ,General Medicine ,Bone fracture ,medicine.disease ,030104 developmental biology ,Immunology ,Bone Diseases ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Background Millions of people around the world suffer from bone disorders, likes osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and cancer-induced osteolysis. In general, the bone remodeling balance is determined by osteoclasts and osteoblasts, respectively responsible for bone resorption and bone formation. Excessive inflammation disturbs the activities of these two kinds of cells, typically resulting in the bone loss. Main body IL-20 is emerging as a potent angiogenic, chemotactic, and proinflammatory cytokine related to several chronic inflammatory disorders likes psoriasis, atherosclerosis, cancer, liver fibrosis, and RA. IL-20 has an important role in the regulation of osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis and is upregulated in several bone-related diseases. The anti-IL-20 monoclonal antibody treatment has a therapeutic potential in several experimental disease models including ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis, cancer-induced osteolysis, and bone fracture. Conclusion This review article provides an overview describing the IL-20’s biological functions in the common bone disorders and thus providing a novel therapeutic strategy in the future. more...
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Piezoelectric gas flow controller based on dual-bimorph actuators
- Author
-
Chih-Kung Lee, Yu-Hsiang Hsu, and Cheng-Yin Huang
- Subjects
Pressure drop ,Frequency response ,Materials science ,Needle valve ,Control theory ,Acoustics ,Cylinder ,Bimorph ,Actuator ,Piezoelectricity - Abstract
In this paper, we present our study on a piezoelectric gas controller based on dual-bimorph piezoelectric valve [1]. The bimorph structure was designed to be a one-dimensional plate to reduce the overall size of the piezoelectric actuator. A rod was placed at the center of a pair of piezoelectric bimorphs, and the piezoelectric valve was slightly compressed to create a pre-stressed condition. These two piezoelectric bimorphs were synchronized to push the cylinder valve to initiate valving process. The performances of this system were studied and evaluated, including frequency response, pressure drop, and flow rate. The piezoelectric actuator was fabricated by attaching two 5 mm wide, 50 mm length and 0.4mm thick bimorph PZT together. The poling direction of the two PZT layers was in opposite direction to create a serial bimorph. PMMA cylinder were created by using a CO2 laser cutter. The level of the valving movement was studied under a different driving voltage and operating frequency. Preliminary finding showed that a 0.103mm displacement at 1 Hz can be achieved and the developed piezoelectric valve can be used to control output pressure. more...
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Optimization of a two-frequency-two-mode piezoelectric linear motor
- Author
-
Tsung-Yu Chu, Chih-Kung Lee, and Yu-Hsiang Hsu
- Subjects
Physics ,Amplitude ,Acoustics ,Phase (waves) ,Mechanical impedance ,Linear motor ,Electrical impedance ,Piezoelectricity ,Computer Science::Databases ,Displacement (vector) ,Voltage - Abstract
It has been reported that using the method of one-frequency-two-mode to drive a piezoelectric linear motor, the nature resonant effect induced by the finite boundaries can be eliminated. The structure of the piezoelectric linear motor is based on placing two piezoelectric actuators on a one-dimensional finite plate. This method uses a single driving frequency at the middle of two adjacent bending modes to drive these two piezoelectric actuators with a 90° phase difference, and a traveling wave can be generated. However, due to the driving frequency was not directly at the resonant frequency, the efficiency and traveling distance cannot be very efficient. Based on our previous studies, it shows that the driving voltage and velocity of displacement has a linear relationship, and the size and location of actuators can also influence the distance of generated traveling waves. In this paper, we report our study on using another method of two-frequency-two-mode that used two adjacent bending modes to generate traveling waves. Since the operating frequencies of the two actuators are at resonant frequencies, the efficiency can be very high. Our studied showed that the difference between native electrical impedance and mechanical impedance of the two adjacent resonant modes, the performance of the induced traveling waves can be varied significantly. Furthermore, the total distance and profile of the traveling waves can also be different. To understand this mechanism, we study the influence of the two driving frequencies with different amplitude and phase differences. Thus, the energy that falls into the two adjacent modes can be changed, and the ratio of vibrating amplitudes of these two modes can be adjusted. We demonstrate that the total traveling distance can be much enhanced by controlling the driving amplitude and phase difference between two actuators. more...
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. The role of IL-20 in chronic kidney disease and diabetic nephropathy: Pathogenic and therapeutic implications
- Author
-
Yu Hsiang Hsu and Ming-Shi Chang
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Immunology ,030232 urology & nephrology ,Biology ,Nephropathy ,Proinflammatory cytokine ,Diabetic nephropathy ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Interleukin 20 ,Renal injury ,Psoriasis ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Animals ,Humans ,Diabetic Nephropathies ,Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ,Interleukins ,Pathogenic factor ,Cell Biology ,medicine.disease ,030104 developmental biology ,Inflammation Mediators ,Kidney disease - Abstract
Chronic kidney disease and its complications are a major public health problem worldwide. Diabetic nephropathy has become the main contributing cause of terminal renal failure. There are now evidences that different inflammatory molecules, including proinflammatory cytokines, play a critical role in the development of microvascular diabetic complications, including nephropathy. IL-20 is emerging as a potent angiogenic, chemotactic, and proinflammatory cytokine related to several chronic inflammatory disorders likes psoriasis, atherosclerosis, and renal failure. This review discusses the role of IL-20 as a pathogenic factor in renal injury, focusing on chronic kidney disease and diabetic nephropathy, and describes potential treatment strategies based on modulation of IL-20's function. IL-20 is a crucial mediator for regulating tubular cell apoptosis, promoting renal fibrosis, and enhancing podocyte dysfunction. more...
- Published
- 2018
50. Measuring the arterial-induced skin vibration by geometrical moiré fringe
- Author
-
Yu-Hsiang Hsu, Shih-Yung Chiu, Chun-Hsiung Wang, Chih-Kung Lee, Wen-Jong Wu, and Shu-Sheng Lee
- Subjects
Computer science ,Acoustics ,Moiré pattern ,Repeatability ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Grating ,01 natural sciences ,010309 optics ,Vibration ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Photoplethysmogram ,medicine.artery ,0103 physical sciences ,medicine ,Sensitivity (control systems) ,Radial artery ,Pulse wave velocity - Abstract
The demand for self-measured blood pressure self-monitoring device has much increased due to cardiovascular diseases have become leading causes of death for aging population. Currently, the primary non-invasive blood pressure monitoring method is cuff-based. It is well developed and accurate. However, the measuring process is not comfortable, and it cannot provide a continuous measurement. To overcome this problem, methods such as tonometry, volume clamp method, photoplethysmography, pulse wave velocity, and pulse transit time are reported. However, the limited accuracy hindered its application for diagnostics. To perform sequential blood pressure measurement with a high accuracy and long-term examination, we apply moire interferometry to measure wrist skin vibration induced by radial artery. To achieve this goal, we developed a miniaturized device that can perform moire interferometry around the wrist region. The 0.4-mm-pitched binary grating and tattoo sticker with 0.46 mm-pitched stripe pattern are used to perform geometric moire. We demonstrated that the sensitivity and accuracy of this integrated system were sufficient to monitor arterialinduced skin vibration non-invasively. Our developed system was validated with ECG signals collected by a commercial system. According to our studies from measurement, the repeatability of wrist pulsation measurement was achieved with an accuracy of 99.1% in heart rate. A good repeatability of wrist pulse measurement was achieved. Simulations and experiments are both conducted in this paper and prove of geometrical moire method a suitable technique for arterial-induced skin vibration monitoring. more...
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.