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Diabetic foot is one of the most common complications of diabetes, requiring repeated surgical interventions and leading to amputation. In the absence of effective drugs, new treatments need to be explored. Previous studies have found that stem cell transplantation can promote the healing of chronic diabetic wounds. However, safety issues have limited the clinical application of this technique. Recently, the performance of mesenchymal stem cells after transplantation has been increasingly attributed to their production of exocrine functional derivatives such as extracellular vesicles (EVs), cytokines, and cell-conditioned media. EVs contain a variety of cellular molecules, including RNA, DNA and proteins, which facilitate the exchange of information between cells. EVs have several advantages over parental stem cells, including a high safety profile, no immune response, fewer ethical concerns, and a reduced likelihood of embolism formation and carcinogenesis. In this paper, we summarize the current knowledge of mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs in accelerating diabetic wound healing, as well as their potential clinic applications.

Alpine lakes on the Tibetan Plateau are highly sensitive to global change and have been recognized as the sentinel of climate warming. However, anthropogenic impacts in populated area are migrating to these remote areas via transporting particulate nutrients by atmospheric deposition. Whether warming and nutrient deposition would impose additive or synergistic effects on the lake ecosystem remains largely unknown. Here, we present multi-proxy (sediment pigment and geochemistry) records during the past two centuries at the Cuoqia Lake in the southeast Tibetan Plateau. We found that the lake exhibited rapid ecological changes since 1980 AD characterized by an increase in primary productivity due to algal proliferation, with more rapid growth of green algae and diatoms. These findings are in concert with many other lakes (e.g., Moon Lake and Shade Co) in the same area, suggesting a consistent pattern of ecosystem evolution at the region scale. Statistical analyses suggested that nutrient deposition and climate warming were strongly associated with the variations in primary productivity and algae composition, exerting both individual and interactive effects. In addition, scenario analyses with a well-established process-based ecosystem model further revealed that the two factors not only individually, but also synergistically promoted the algal proliferation and community succession. Such synergy is evident in that the effect of lake warming would be more pronounced under higher nutrient deposition scenario, which is potentially due to higher temperature-driven mineralization in warmer conditions, and higher efficiency of nutrient utilization under enhanced light availability attributing to declining ice thickness and duration in cold seasons. Overall, our study proposes the existence and quantifies the synergistic impacts of climate warming and anthropogenic activities in driving the ecological changes in remote alpine lakes on the Tibetan Plateau. The lake ecological consequences driven by individual factor would be worsen by such synergy, so that we cannot predict the lake ecosystem trajectory in the future based on each factor separately, and more efforts than previously expected would be needed for the lake restoration and management.

We propose a new general model called IPNN - Indeterminate Probability Neural Network, which combines neural network and probability theory together. In the classical probability theory, the calculation of probability is based on the occurrence of events, which is hardly used in current neural networks. In this paper, we propose a new general probability theory, which is an extension of classical probability theory, and makes classical probability theory a special case to our theory. Besides, for our proposed neural network framework, the output of neural network is defined as probability events, and based on the statistical analysis of these events, the inference model for classification task is deduced. IPNN shows new property: It can perform unsupervised clustering while doing classification. Besides, IPNN is capable of making very large classification with very small neural network, e.g. model with 100 output nodes can classify 10 billion categories. Theoretical advantages are reflected in experimental results., Comment: 13 pages

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Distribution of Qdot605 in dCLNs of A53T mice. A Representative fluorescence images of dCLNs of WT and A53T mice. Scale bar, 200 μm. B Quantitative analysis of the Qdot 605 area in dCLNs of WT and A53T mice. N = 3 independent animals in each group. Values are means ± S.E.M, t test. **, P < 0.01. Figure S2. Increased inflammatory cytokines and ER stress in macrophages of dCLN of A53T mice. A Representative fluorescence images of dCLNs from WT and A53T mice treated with or without TUDCA immunolabeled by F4/80 (green) with IL-1β (red), IL-6 (red), or TNF-α (red). Scale bar, 100 μm. B Quantitative analysis of IL-1β, IL6 and TNF-α positive area in dCLNs of WT and A53T mice. N = 5 independent animals in WT and A53T. C Representative fluorescence images of GRP78 in macrophages (F4/80 positive) in dCLNs of WT and A53T mice. Scale bar, 200 μm. Values are means ± S.E.M, one-way ANOVA test. ns, not significant; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001. Figure S3. α-Synuclein in CSF was drained through the meningeal lymphatics. A Schematic image of the experimental setup for detection of lymphatic drainage path of α-synuclein in CSF. B, C Representative fluorescence images of meninges of C57 mice injected (i.c.m) with vehicle or AF647-α-synuclein (red). Scale bar, 1 mm. D, E Zoom-in images of the petrosquamous sinus in B, C. Scale bar, 200 μm. F, G Zoom-in images of the rostral rhinal vein field in B, C. Scale bar, 200 μm. H Western blot to detect α-synuclein in dCLNs of C57 mice intra-cisternally injected with vehicle, AF647-α-synuclein and α-synuclein. I Quantitative analysis of α-synuclein protein levels in dCLNs injected (i.c.m) with vehicle control, AF647-α-synuclein and α-synuclein. N = 3 independent animals in vehicle control and AF647-α-synuclein group, N = 2 independent animals in α-synuclein group. Values are means ± S.E.M, one-way ANOVA test. ns, not significant; *, P < 0.05. Figure S4. α-Synuclein in CNS was drained to the macrophage in dCLN. A Representative fluorescence images of dCLNs in A53T mice immunolabeled with CD11b (green) and MJFR-1 (red). Scale bar, 200 μm. B Zoom-in image of white dotted box in A. White arrow indicates the colocalization of CD11b and α-synuclein. Scale bar, 200 μm. C Representative fluorescence images of dCLNs in A53T mice immunolabeled with CD169 (green) and MJFR-1 (red). Scale bar, 200 μm. D Zoom-in image of white dotted box in C. White arrow indicates the colocalization of CD169 and α-synuclein. Scale bar, 200 μm. E, F Quantitative analysis of the levels (pg/mg) of total α-synuclein and α-synuclein oligomer in macrophages of dCLN and total dCLN lysate using MSD, normalized by total protein concentration. N = 3 independent sample pools in each group. Values are means ± S.E.M, t test. *, P < 0.05. Figure S5. Peripheral inflammation in A53T mice. A Volcano plot of the significantly up- and down-regulated genes in the dCLNs of WT and A53T mice. N = 3 independent in each group (3 WT samples were pooled from 6 animals; 3 A53T samples were pooled from 4 animals). P values (Padj, adjusted P values) were corrected for multiple hypothesis testing with the Benjamini–Hochberg false discovery rate procedure. B Principal component (PC) analysis of the transcriptome of dCLNs of WT and A53T mice. N = 3 independent in each group (3 WT samples were pooled from 6 animals; 3 A53T samples were pooled from 4 animals). C The scatter diagram of GO enrichment of differentially expressed genes in dCLNs of WT and A53T mice. D Quantitative analysis of the mRNA level of typical genes in ER stress, including Ern1, Xbp1, Atf6, Atf4, Ddit3, and Hspa5. N = 3 independent animals in each group. Values are means ± S.E.M, t test. *, P < 0.05. Figure S6. Heat map of genes involved in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling pathway. Red represents gene expression levels above the mean; blue represents gene expression levels below the mean. N = 3 independent in each group (3 WT samples were pooled from 6 animals; 3 A53T samples were pooled from 4 animals). Figure S7. α-Synuclein monomer elicited ER stress weakly in macrophages. A Western blot to assess the levels of p-IRE1α, IRE1α, GRP78, ATF6, ATF6-p, ATF4, sXBP-1, p-eIF2α, eIF2α and α-synuclein in BMDMs treated with vehicle control, 100 nM or 400 nM α-synuclein monomer. B–J Quantitative analysis of the levels of p-IRE1α, IRE1α, RP78, ATF6, ATF6-p, ATF4, sXBP-1, p-eIF2α and eIF2α in BMDMs treated with vehicle control, 100 nM or 400 nM α-synuclein monomer. N = 3 independent experiments in each group. K Quantitative analysis of Ddit-3 mRNA levels in BMDMs treated with vehicle control, 100 nM or 400 nM α-synuclein monomer using qPCR. N = 3 independent experiments in each group. Values are means ± S.E.M, one-way ANOVA test. ns, not significant; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001. Figure S8. α-Synuclein aggregate elicited ER stress in the dCLN. A Schematic image of the experimental setup to verify whether α-synuclein oligomer can elicit ER stress in the dCLN. B Western blot to assess the levels of p-IRE1α, IRE1α, GRP78, ATF6, ATF6-p, p-eIF2α, and eIF2α in dCLNs of C57 mice treated with vehicle control or 2 μg α-synuclein oligomer. C–I Quantitative analysis of the levels of p-IRE1α, IRE1α, GRP78, ATF6, ATF6-p, p-eIF2α and eIF2α in dCLNs of C57 mice treated with vehicle control or 2 μg α-synuclein oligomer. N = 3 independent experiments in each group (3 samples were pooled from 6 animals). Values are means ± S.E.M, one-way ANOVA test. ns, not significant; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01. Figure S9. TUDCA improved the motor function and rescued neuronal death of A53T mice. A The latency to fall off from the rod for WT and A53T mice treated with or without TUDCA. N = 5 independent animals in each group. B The time taken for the mice to land from the top for WT and A53T mice treated with or without TUDCA in the pole test. N = 5 independent animals in each group. C, D Immunohistochemical staining and quantification of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive neurons in the substantia nigra of WT and A53T mice treated with or without TUDCA. N = 3 independent animals in each group. Values are means ± S.E.M, one-way ANOVA test. ns, not significant; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.005, ****, P < 0.001. Table S1. Numbers of animals per study group.

BACKGROUND Pharmacological treatments are very common to be used for alleviating neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in dementia. However, decision on drug selection is still a matter of controversy. AIMS To summarise the comparative efficacy and acceptability of currently available monotherapy drug regimens for reducing NPS in dementia. METHOD We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials between inception and 26 December 2022 without language restrictions; and reference lists scanned from selected studies and systematic reviews. Double-blind randomised controlled trials were identified from electronic databases for reporting NPS outcomes in people with dementia. Primary outcomes were efficacy and acceptability. Confidence in the evidence was assessed using Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis (CINeMA). RESULTS We included 59 trials (15,781 participants; mean age, 76.6 years) and 15 different drugs in quantitative syntheses. Risperidone (standardised mean difference [SMD] -0.20, 95% credible interval [CrI] -0.40 to -0.10) and galantamine (-0.20, -0.39 to -0.02) were more effective than placebo in short-term treatment (median duration: 12 weeks). Galantamine (odds ratio [OR] 1.95, 95% CrI 1.38-2.94) and rivastigmine (1.87, 1.24-2.99) were associated with more dropouts than placebo, and some active drugs. Most of the results were rated as low or very low according to CINeMA. CONCLUSIONS Despite the scarcity of high-quality evidence, risperidone is probably the best pharmacological option to consider for alleviating NPS in people with dementia in short-term treatment when considering the risk-benefit profile of drugs.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Postoperative follow-up revealed complications of prosthesis dislocation. (a) X-ray review indicated that the joint structure was stable at 6 months postoperatively. (b) Forward and upward dislocation of the prosthesis was found at 1 year postoperatively. (c) The red arrow indicates a dislocated humeral head in the patient's frontal view.

We have constructed 3D Bosons. In this paper, we show the 3D Bosonic Fock space, which is isomorphic to the vector space of 3D Young diagrams as graded vector spaces. We use 3D Bosons to represent the generators of the affine Yangian of ${\mathfrak{gl}}(1)$ and define the 3D cut-and-join operators. Then we discuss the 3D Boson representation of $W$-operators in matrix models., Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2212.05665, arXiv:2305.04472, arXiv:2301.04304

Fundus image captures rear of an eye, and which has been studied for the diseases identification, classification, segmentation, generation, and biological traits association using handcrafted, conventional, and deep learning methods. In biological traits estimation, most of the studies have been carried out for the age prediction and gender classification with convincing results. However, the current study utilizes the cutting-edge deep learning (DL) algorithms to estimate biological traits in terms of age and gender together with associating traits to retinal visuals. For the traits association, our study embeds aging as the label information into the proposed DL model to learn knowledge about the effected regions with aging. Our proposed DL models, named FAG-Net and FGC-Net, correspondingly estimate biological traits (age and gender) and generates fundus images. FAG-Net can generate multiple variants of an input fundus image given a list of ages as conditions. Our study analyzes fundus images and their corresponding association with biological traits, and predicts of possible spreading of ocular disease on fundus images given age as condition to the generative model. Our proposed models outperform the randomly selected state of-the-art DL models., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables

The impact of time-pressure on pro-social decisions has received substantial recent attention ( Rand et al., 2014, 2012). While the impact of time pressure on trusting decisions has not yet been studied. The purpose of this study is to shed light on the role of time pressure on trust.

As a unique exit point for power supply systems of high-speed trains, the onboard grounding system plays a critical role in providing the path for returning the traction current to traction substations. The grounding system applies two grounding modes: the working grounding and the protective grounding, both of which share the power discharging channel, the steel rail. Current reflux normally appears between the working grounding point and the protective grounding point due to the wheel-rail coupling effect. The “train–rail” current reflux may result in the appearance of a “train body” (TB) current, which may cause the onboard partial temperature surging. Moreover, some operational conditions, such as raising pantographs or operating vacuum circuit breakers, may trigger TB overvoltage, which may threaten the safety of the onboard devices. In this article, a “rail–train” coupling grounding model is built to evaluate both the TB current and overvoltage based on the measured parameters. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is adopted to optimize this model with the aim to achieve a satisfactory balance between the TB current and overvoltage. The main difficulties of this multivariable multiobjective task include that many grounding parameters are involved meanwhile restricting both TB current and overvoltage. Ultimately, optimal solutions are achieved, considering design demand.

CTR prediction is essential for modern recommender systems. Ranging from early factorization machines to deep learning based models in recent years, existing CTR methods focus on capturing useful feature interactions or mining important behavior patterns. Despite the effectiveness, we argue that these methods suffer from the risk of label sparsity (i.e., the user-item interactions are highly sparse with respect to the feature space), label noise (i.e., the collected user-item interactions are usually noisy), and the underuse of domain knowledge (i.e., the pairwise correlations between samples). To address these challenging problems, we propose a novel Multi-Interest Self-Supervised learning (MISS) framework which enhances the feature embeddings with interest-level self-supervision signals. With the help of two novel CNN-based multi-interest extractors,self-supervision signals are discovered with full considerations of different interest representations (point-wise and union-wise), interest dependencies (short-range and long-range), and interest correlations (inter-item and intra-item). Based on that, contrastive learning losses are further applied to the augmented views of interest representations, which effectively improves the feature representation learning. Furthermore, our proposed MISS framework can be used as an plug-in component with existing CTR prediction models and further boost their performances. Extensive experiments on three large-scale datasets show that MISS significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art models, by up to 13.55% in AUC, and also enjoys good compatibility with representative deep CTR models., Accepted by ICDE2022

High speed trains receive traction electrical energy from a high-voltage catenary via a pantograph catenary system (PCS). As the velocity of trains increases, the traditional PCSs face significant challenges, such as strong aero resistance under high-speed conditions, severe electrochemical corrosion caused by poor contact between the pantograph strip and the catenary, harmful wear both on the pantograph strip and the contact wire produced by high-speed sliding friction between them, etc. The effectiveness and reliability of the PCS has a direct impact on the performance and safety of the HTS power supply. In order to alleviate some of these bottleneck effects related to the operation of the currently used PCSs, especially under high-speed conditions, this paper proposes a novel configuration where rotatable pantograph rollers replace the currently used pantograph strips. As the sliding friction is now replaced by rotating friction, this has numerous benefits, such as less friction heat, better heat dispersion and improved catenary-tracking performance. Moreover, should the whole system be modularized, it could adapt to different levels of traction power through adjusting the number of rollers.

Objectives To explore the effects of electroacupuncture on nerve function in rats with ischemic stroke and its mechanism of anti-apoptosis. Methods A total of 80 SPF male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, sham electroacupuncture group, acupuncture group, electroacupuncture group and 16 rats in each group. The rat model of left ischemic stroke was prepared by suture embolization. In the sham group, the left common carotid artery was isolated only and no other treatment was given. In the electroacupuncture group, "Baihui" and "Mingmen" were selected for acupuncture, followed by dilatation wave, frequency 2Hz/100Hz, intensity 1mA, and electroacupuncture for 30min. The sham electroacupuncture group was the same as the electroacupuncture group in acupoint electroacupuncture group was the same as the electroacupuncture group in acupoint selection. The electroacupuncture group was only inserted subcutaneously and then connected with the electroacupuncture group without power supply, and fixed for 30 minutes. The electroacupuncture group and the acupuncture group received electroacupuncture treatment once, for a total of 14 days, 1d after modeling. The Improved Neurological Impairment scale (mNSS) was used to evaluate the degree of neurological impairment in each group after anesthesia and wakefulness. The percentage of cerebral infarction area was determined by TTC staining. HE staining and Nissl staining were used to observe the pathological changes of ischemic brain tissue. The level of apoptosis in ischemic brain tissue was detected by TUNEL assay. Western blot was used to detect protein expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and Cleaved caspase-3 in ischemic brain tissue. Results Compared with the sham operation group, neurological function score, percentage of cerebral infarction area and apoptosis level in the model group were significantly increased (all P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, neurological function score, percentage of cerebral infarction area and apoptosis index of acupuncture group and electroacupuncture group were decreased (all P Conclusion Electroacupuncture may inhibit Bax, Cleaved caspase-3 and up-regulate the expression of Bcl-2 against neuronal apoptosis, thereby improving the neurological function injury of ischemic stroke rats.

Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) is one of the foremost pathogens responsible for diarrhea in foals. As antibiotic resistance increases, phages that specifically lyse bacteria are of great interest to us with regard to C. perfringens. In this study, a novel C. perfringens phage DCp1 was isolated from the sewage of a donkey farm. Phage DCp1 had a non-contractile short tail (40 nm in length) and a regular icosahedral head (46 nm in diameter). Whole-genome sequencing indicated that phage DCp1 had a linear double-stranded DNA genome with a total length of 18,555 bp and a G + C content of 28.2%. A total of 25 ORFs were identified in the genome, 6 of which had been assigned to functional genes, others were annotated to encode hypothetical proteins. The genome of phage DCp1 lacked any tRNA, virulence gene, drug resistance gene, or lysogenic gene. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that phage DCp1 belonged to the family Guelinviridae, Susfortunavirus. Biofilm assay showed that phage DCp1 was effective in inhibiting the formation of C. perfringens D22 biofilms. Phage DCp1 could completely degrade the biofilm after 5 h of interaction. The current study provides some basic information for further research on phage DCp1 and its application.

L. monocytogenes remain a leading cause of foodborne infection. Listeriolysin O (LLO), an indispensable virulence determinant involved in diverse pathogenic mechanisms of L. monocytogenes infection, represents a promising therapeutic target. In this study, we sought to identify an effective inhibitor of LLO pore formation and its mechanism of action in the treatment of L. monocytogenes infection.Haemolysis assays were carried out to screen an effective LLO inhibitor. The interaction between candidate and LLO was investigated using surface plasmon resonance and molecular docking. The effect of candidate on LLO-mediated cytotoxicity, barrier disruption and immune response were investigated. Finally, the in vivo effect of candidate on mice challenged with L. monocytogenes was examined.Amentoflavone, a natural flavone present in traditional Chinese herbs, effectively inhibited LLO pore formation by engaging the residues Lys93, Asp416, Tyr469 and Lys505 in LLO. Amentoflavone dose-dependently reduced L. monocytogenes-induced cell injury in an LLO-dependent manner. In the Caco-2 monolayer model, amentoflavone maintained the integrity of the epithelial barrier exposed to LLO. Amentoflavone inhibited the inflammatory response evoked by L. monocytogenes in an LLO-dependent manner, and inhibition was attributed to ability to block perforation-associated KAmentoflavone reduced the pathogenicity of L. monocytogenes by specifically inhibiting LLO pore formation, and this may represent a potential treatment for L. monocytogenes infection.

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Over the past few decades, the field of motion events has received much attention and has been studied extensively. Much of this research is founded on the typological contrasts between verb-, satellite- and equipollently-framed languages (Talmy, 1985, 2000; Slobin, 2004, 2006). This study goes deeper into this typology by looking at the encoded spatial and aspectual concepts as well as the interaction between those two categories in L1s and L2s, with the purpose of finding out whether L1 language-specific differences have an impact upon motion event conceptualization in L2s. The L2 learners in this analysis were advanced L1 German-L2 Chinese and L1 German-L2 English speakers. All speakers (including L1 speakers) watched the same video stimuli showing motion events with different degrees of endpoint orientation and answered the question “What is happening?” During the verbal task, the attention they paid to the area of interest was recorded via eye tracking. The findings revealed that although L2 speakers had generally learned to use the linguistic forms and their corresponding functions, they appeared to be unable to map these forms onto the underlying principles (perspective taking) for the event construal in their L2. Rather, more often, their L1 habitual conceptual patterns had an effect when L2 speakers described motion events. This can be seen in relation to the spatial concepts that L2 speakers preferred to encode (directional and boundary-crossing spatial concepts) as well as in the fixation patterns that L2 speakers tended to use. This suggests that the underlying principles for information organization might be subtle and partly immutable. Therefore, even for advanced L2 learners, the ability to restructure their thinking and seeing for speaking in the direction of the L2 was found to be limited.

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Additional file 1: Figure S1. CAR-T cells were subjected to flow cytometry to detect the expression of CD4 and CD8. Figure S2. CAR-T cells were subjected to flow cytometry to detect the Tscm. Figure S3. 1 × 106 NALM-6-eGFP cells were injected into NOD-SCID mice intravenously to construct the xenograft mouse model.

In this paper, we establish a globally quantitative estimate of unique continuation at one time point for solutions of parabolic equations with Neumann boundary conditions in bounded domains. Our proof is mainly based on Carleman commutator estimates and a global frequency function argument, which is motivated from a recent work [5]. As an application, we obtain an observability inequality from measurable sets in time for all solutions of the above equations.

Additional file 1. SPIRIT 2013 Checklist.

We previously demonstrated that lifelong antibiotic (ABX) perturbations of the gut microbiome in male APPPS1-21 mice lead to reductions in amyloid β (Aβ) plaque pathology and altered phenotypes of plaque-associated microglia. Here, we show that a short, 7-d treatment of preweaned male mice with high-dose ABX is associated with reductions of Aβ amyloidosis, plaque-localized microglia morphologies, and Aβ-associated degenerative changes at 9 wk of age in male mice only. More importantly, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from transgenic (Tg) or WT male donors into ABX-treated male mice completely restored Aβ amyloidosis, plaque-localized microglia morphologies, and Aβ-associated degenerative changes. Transcriptomic studies revealed significant differences between vehicle versus ABX-treated male mice and FMT from Tg mice into ABX-treated mice largely restored the transcriptome profiles to that of the Tg donor animals. Finally, colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitor-mediated depletion of microglia in ABX-treated male mice failed to reduce cerebral Aβ amyloidosis. Thus, microglia play a critical role in driving gut microbiome-mediated alterations of cerebral Aβ deposition.

Additional file 4. Instruction of Medilac-Vita.

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Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X221074223 for Validation of external and internal exposome of the findings associated to cerebral small vessel disease: A Mendelian randomization study by Xue-Qing Zhang, Yu-Xiang Yang, Can Zhang, Xin-Yi Leng, Shi-Dong Chen, Ya-Nan Ou, Kevin Kuo, Xin Cheng, Xiang Han, Mei Cui, Lan Tan, Lei Feng, John Suckling, Qiang Dong and Jin-Tai Yu: the OPTIMAS investigators in Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism

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Video-Text Pre-training (VTP) aims to learn transferable representations for various downstream tasks from large-scale web videos. To date, almost all existing VTP methods are limited to retrieval-based downstream tasks, e.g., video retrieval, whereas their transfer potentials on localization-based tasks, e.g., temporal grounding, are under-explored. In this paper, we experimentally analyze and demonstrate the incompatibility of current VTP methods with localization tasks, and propose a novel Localization-oriented Video-Text Pre-training framework, dubbed as LocVTP. Specifically, we perform the fine-grained contrastive alignment as a complement to the coarse-grained one by a clip-word correspondence discovery scheme. To further enhance the temporal reasoning ability of the learned feature, we propose a context projection head and a temporal aware contrastive loss to perceive the contextual relationships. Extensive experiments on four downstream tasks across six datasets demonstrate that our LocVTP achieves state-of-the-art performance on both retrieval-based and localization-based tasks. Furthermore, we conduct comprehensive ablation studies and thorough analyses to explore the optimum model designs and training strategies., Comment: Accepted by ECCV2022

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In this paper, we discuss the relations between the Jack polynomials, $\hbar$-dependent KP hierarchy and affine Yangian of ${\mathfrak{gl}}(1)$. We find that $\alpha=\hbar^2$ and $h_1=\hbar, \ h_2=-\hbar^{-1}$, where $\alpha$ is the parameter in Jack polynomials, and $h_1,\ h_2$ are the parameters in affine Yangian of ${\mathfrak{gl}}(1)$. Then the vertex operators which are in Jack polynomials are the same with that in $\hbar$-KP hierarchy, and the Jack polynomials can be used to describe the tau functions of the $\hbar$-KP hierarchy.

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Purpose In high-speed trains, the energy is supplied from a high voltage catenary to the vehicle via a pantograph catenary system (PCS). Carbon pantograph strips must maintain continuous contact with the wire to ensure safety and reliability. The contact is often confined to a particular spot, resulting in excessive wear due to mechanical and thermal damage, exacerbated by the presence of an electric arc and associated electrochemical corrosion. The effectiveness and reliability of the PCS impacts on the performance and safety of HSTs, especially under high-speed conditions. To alleviate some of these adverse effects, this paper aims to propose a configuration where a circular PCS replaces the currently used pantograph strips. Design/methodology/approach Two dynamic multi-physics models of a traditional PCS with a carbon strip and a novel PCS with a circular pantograph strip catenary system are established, and the electrical and mechanical characteristics of these two systems are compared. Moreover, a PCS experimental platform is designed to verify the validity and accuracy of the multi-physics model. Findings A novel circular pantograph system is proposed in this paper to alleviate some of the shortcomings of the traditional PCS. Comparing with a traditional PCS, the circular PCS exhibits superior performance in both electromagnetic and thermal aspects. Originality/value The paper offers a new technical solution to the PCS and develops a dedicated multi-physics model for analysis and performance prediction with the aim to improve the performance of the PCS. The new system offers numerous benefits, such as less friction heat, better heat dispersion and improved catenary-tracking performance.

Accurate time labeling and unified time reference are the important premise of the practical application for the wireless sensors array of Power Internet of Things. The existing time synchronization algorithms for wireless sensor cannot balance the power consumption and synchronization accuracy. Based on the principle of hierarchical broadcasting, this paper proposes a time synchronization algorithm with low power consumption and high accuracy, which is suitable for wireless sensors. The algorithm first classes the sensors to different layers and levels, and then synchronizes each layer and each level of sensors according to the broadcast synchronization method. Thus, it can reduce the synchronization power consumption and the intermediate links to ensure the synchronization accuracy. The simulation results show that the method proposed can improve the synchronization accuracy to microsecond level, and the power consumption is reduced by about 85% compared with the traditional broadcast algorithms.

Gene Expression Programming (GEP) is a powerful evolutionary algorithm with simple, linear and compact chromosomes, which has been applied in many fields to solve a large variety of complex problems such as logistic regression, function finding and time series prediction. Since online signature data are composed of discrete points, it is difficult to represent by functional forms, resulting in a limited amount of information used in calculating feature values. Hausdorff distance is utilized as a similarity measure to compute the maximum distance between two point sets, which reduces computational complexity compared with other distance measures. The main contributions of this work are: (1) In preprocessing stage, GEP is used to make signature curve continuous and control each parameter to obtain a fitting curve. Curve fitting is to find a suitable function that is the best fitting for a given set of data; (2) In feature extraction stage, curvature and torsion are utilized to construct eight feature sets for characterizing each user’s signatures, and then Hausdorff distance is proposed to calculate the distances between feature sets of two signatures to form an eight-dimensional feature vector; (3) In verification stage, combined with Feed-Forward BP Neural Network classifier, distance matrices consisting of feature vectors are trained and tested many times. The best performances can be provided with false rejection rate, false acceptance rate, average error rate and standard deviation. The experimental results implemented on three available online signature databases MCYT-100, SVC2004 and SUSIG indicate the effectiveness and robustness of our proposed method.

Three major loci for pre-harvest sprouting tolerance (PHST) were mapped on chromosomes 1AL, 3BS, and 6BL, and two CAPS and one dCAPS markers were validated. Sixteen lines with favorable alleles and increased PHST were identified. Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) significantly affects wheat grain yield and quality. In the present study, the PHS tolerance (PHST) of 192 wheat varieties (lines) was evaluated by assessment of field sprouting, seed germination index, and period of dormancy in different environments. A high-density Illumina iSelect 90K SNP array was used to genotype the panel. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) based on single- and multi-locus mixed linear models was used to detect loci for PHST. The single-locus model identified 23 loci for PHST (P

The paper presents an efficient on-line signature verification method based on the dynamic features of a given signature. In the proposed approach, curvature and torsion feature are associated with Hausdorff distance measure which can be used in the verification process. In the feature extraction step, the signature trajectory is approximated as a spatial curve. A set of curvature and torsion value of extreme point is computed from both x coordinate, y coordinate and pressure feature so that the dimension of the curve is reduced. Therefore, a new composed signature feature is created for each person. For the obtained feature data, the most distinctive Hausdorff distance is further proposed to calculate the distances of the eight-dimensional feature vector between the test signature and corresponding template signatures for the verification of the test sample. Comprehensive experiments are implemented on three publicly available databases: the SVC2004, SUSIG and MCYT-100 database. A comparison of our results with some recent signature verification methods available in the literature is provided with equal error rate, and the results indicate that the proposed method would better recognize genuine signatures, random and skilled forgeries.

A novel bacteriophage vB_SauS_SA2 (hereafter designated SA2) that infects Staphylococcus aureus was isolated. At a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.1, phage SA2 had a latent period of about 10 min with a burst size of 293 PFUs/infected cell (PFU, plaque forming unit). Phage SA2 had a double-stranded DNA genome with a length of 89,055 bp and a G + C content of 31.9%. The genome contained 130 open reading frames (ORFs), 28 of which had assigned functions, and 18 were unique. One tRNA gene (tRNAAsn ) was discovered, and no virulence genes were identified. Its genome showed very low similarity with phage genomes deposited in public databases (75% nucleotide identity and 7% query coverage). The unique characteristics of phage SA2 led to the proposal of a new Siphoviridae genus named 'SA2likevirus'.

Gas release caused by drainage pipeline failure or abnormal gas effuse at mining area really threatens coalmine safety. The currently-used coalmine gas monitoring and control techniques have difficulty in effectively obtaining real-time gas concentration distribution and estimating gas emission rate in case of coalmine gas release accident. In this paper, a numerical model based on advection-diffusion equation combined with Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) was proposed to estimate coalmine gas release and dispersion. The proposed model was validated by twin experiment, and the sensitivity analysis of first-guess gas release rate is conducted to further demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed model. The reasonable results indicate that the integration of advection-diffusion simulation and EnKF technique is an effective tool for predicting real-time methane concentration distribution and estimating gas emission rate in case of coalmine gas release accident, and also for optimizing the layout and number of methane detectors in coalmine roadway. This study could be helpful for providing technical supports for emergency response and loss prevention in case of coalmine gas release incident.

Under the background of noise pollution caused by railway development, noise reduction material is worthy of in-depth study. A uniform distribution of particles in the material has an important influence on sound absorption property. In this article, the relevant image processing technology is applied to get structure information to quantify the uniformity. The main contributions of this study are: (a) In the preprocessing stage, SEM cross-sectional image of material is processed by mean filter and histogram equalization. Therefore, the grayscale and the contrast between target and background are enhanced, and a low-quality image is transformed into a high-quality one. (b) In the locating stage, local details of the image are considered to discriminate each particle from the whole image. When a global threshold is combined with the local iteration threshold, an improved Otsu algorithm is designed to binarize the image. Through morphology transforming, area filtering, and hole filling, the connected domain of target can be found and particles are located. (c) In the assessing stage, area index, number index and local distance index are established for assessing the uniformity of pore distribution. The experimental results indicate that statistical analysis is consistent with human visual observation. The smaller the porosity is, the better the uniformity is. Compared with some important methods, the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach could be illustrated.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. The effect of DDX11-AS1/miR-34a-3p/TRAF5 on the malignant phenotype of xenografts. A–D. RT-qPCR detection of Ki67 and Caspase-3 mRNA levels in tumor tissues. The measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. The measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. t test was used for comparison between two groups, One-way ANOVA for comparison among multiple groups, and Tukey's post hoc test for pairwise comparison. ^ vs the sh-NC group, P < 0.05; # vs the mimic NC group, P < 0.05; & vs the pcDDX11-AS1 + mimic NC group, P < 0.05; + vs the pcDDX11-AS1 + sh-NC group, P < 0.05.

In this paper, we study quantitative spatial analytic bounds and unique continuation inequalities of solutions for fractional heat equations with an analytic lower order term on the whole space. At first, we show that the solution has a uniform positive analytic radius for all time, and the solution enjoys a log-type ultra-analytic bound if the coefficient is ultra-analytic. Second, we prove a H\"{o}lder type interpolation inequality on a thick set, with an explicit dependence on the analytic radius of coefficient. Finally, by the telescoping series method, we establish an observability inequality from a thick set. As a byproduct of the proof, we obtain observability inequalities in weighted spaces from a thick set for the classical heat equation with a lower order term., Comment: 32pages, submitted

Using a self-encapsulation technology, we prepared a metal film-coupled nanoisland system (FCN), that is, Ag and Al

In this paper, we first prove a uniform upper bound on costs of null controls for semilinear heat equations with globally Lipschitz nonlinearity on a sequence of increasing domains, where the controls are acted on an equidistributed set that spreads out in the whole Euclidean space R^N . As an application, we then show the exactly null controllability for this semilinear heat equation in R^N . The main novelty here is that the upper bound on costs of null controls for such kind of equations in large but bounded domains can be made uniformly with respect to the sizes of domains under consideration. The latter is crucial when one uses a suitable approximation argument to derive the global null controllability for the semilinear heat equation in R^N . This allows us to overcome the well-known problem of the lack of compactness embedding arising in the study of null controllability for nonlinear PDEs in generally unbounded domains., Welcome for any comments