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The NR latex (NRL) industry contributes to ammonia pollution, a problem that is difficult to solve. To address this issue, N,N-methylenebismorpholine (MBM) was used to prepare ammonia-free concentrated NRL (CNRL). The effect of MBM on the preservation and properties of CNRL was studied through comparison with high-ammonia (HA) CNRL. Results showed that MBM had an excellent preservation effect on ammonia-free CNRL. When the MBM dosage exceeded 0.35%, the volatile fatty acid value of CNRL was relatively stable and was consistently less than 0.06 over 180 days of storage. The prepared ammonia-free CNRL had lower viscosity and pH, and its mechanical stability test (MST) was moderate. The control results of the stabilization system showed that sodium dodecyl sulfate can significantly reduce the viscosity and improve the MST of the ammonia-free CNRL. KOH can significantly improve the pH and thermal stability of latex, but has little effect on improving MST. The ammonia-free CNRL had a lower pH after prevulcanization, but higher MST than the HA latex. The viscosity of the ammonia-free prevulcanized latex increased rapidly. The physico-mechanical properties of the vulcanizate films were slightly different from those of the HA latex samples. In addition, the infrared spectrum of the ammonia-free CNRL dry film was basically consistent with that of HA latex dry film. The thermal degradation curve and characteristic temperature of the ammonia-free CNRL dry film were basically the same as those of the HA-preserved film. Biosafety tests showed that the cytotoxicity of the MBM-preserved, ammonia-free CNRL dry film was slightly higher than that of the HA latex film. However, both films did not irritate the skin. All of these results illustrate that MBM has an excellent preservation effect on CNRL and the prepared ammonia-free CNRL has good processability, environmental protection, and safety.

Objective. Taking Zhongda Hospital in China as an example, this study discusses the impact of comprehensive use of PDCA and FMEA management tools on the work efficiency, teamwork, and self-identity of medical staff. Methods. Two hundred medical staff in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were selected as the research subjects, and the 200 medical staff were divided into a control group and a research group by the digital table method, with 100 cases in each group. The medical staff in the control group implemented conventional system management methods, while the research group comprehensively used PDCA and FMEA management tools based on implementing conventional system management. The differences in work efficiency, teamwork, and self-identity of medical staff were compared. Results. Before the study, there exhibited no significant difference in the work efficiency, teamwork, and self-identity scores of medical staff P > 0.05 . After an intervention, the work efficiency, teamwork, and self-identity scores of medical staff in the study group were higher than those in the control group P < 0.05 . After the intervention, the management quality score of the research group was higher than that of the control group P < 0.05 ; after the intervention, the medical staff in the research group had lower work efficiency, insufficient professional ability, and insufficient management system cognitive behaviours than that in the control group P < 0.05 . Conclusion. The comprehensive use of PDCA and FMEA management tools in internal hospital management can remarkably enhance the work efficiency, teamwork, and self-identity of medical staff.

Objective: To verify the association between CD44 and CD133 expression levels and the prognosis of patients with lower grade gliomas (LGGs) and constructing radiomic models to predict those two genes’ expression levels before surgery. Materials & methods: Genomic data of patients with LGG and the corresponding T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas and The Cancer Imaging Archive, which were utilized for prognosis analysis, radiomic feature extraction and model construction, respectively. Results & conclusion: CD44 and CD133 expression levels in LGG can significantly affect the prognosis of patients with LGG. Based on the T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images, the radiomic features can effectively predict the expression levels of CD44 and CD133 before surgery.

Shale oil is mainly extracted by fracturing. However, it is difficult to determine the optimum construction parameters to obtain maximum productivity. In this paper, a fuzzy comprehensive production evaluation model for fractured shale oil horizontal wells based on random forest algorithm and coordinated principal component analysis is proposed. The fracturing parameters of the target wells are optimized by combining this model with an orthogonal experimental design. The random forest algorithm was used to calculate the importance of data sample factors. The main controlling factors of the production of fractured horizontal wells in shale oil were obtained. To reduce the noise of the sample data, principal component analysis was used to reduce the dimensions of the main control factors. Furthermore, the random forest algorithm was used to determine the weight of the principal components after reducing the dimensionality. The membership function of the main control factors after reducing dimensionality was established by combining the fuzzy statistics and assignment methods. In addition, the membership matrix of the effect prediction of fractured horizontal wells in shale oil was determined. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to score and evaluate the effect of fractured horizontal wells. Combined with the orthogonal experimental design method, the optimized parameter design of a fractured horizontal well considering the comprehensive action of multiple parameters is realized. After construction according to the optimized parameters, production following fracturing increases significantly. This verifies the rationality of the optimization method that is proposed in this paper.

Additional file 1: Supplemental Text S1. Yellow catfish primary intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) isolation and culture. Supplemental Table S1. Feed formulation and proximate analysis of experimental diets. Supplemental Table S2. Primers used for quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Supplemental Table S3. Primers used for plasmid construction of expression vector. Supplemental Table S4. Primers used for plasmid construction of si-klf4. Supplemental Table S5. Primers used for plasmid construction of promoters. Supplemental Table S6. Primers used for site-mutation analysis. Supplemental Table S7. Primers used for electrophoretic mobility-shift assay. Supplemental Table S8. Effects of dietary phosphorus supplementation on growth performance and feed utilization of yellow catfish. Supplemental Figure S1. MTT assay of primary IECs under Pi incubation. Supplemental Figure S2. Immunofluorescent staining of KLF4 protein under Pi incubation. Supplemental Figure S3. Nucleotide sequence of yellow catfish sirt3 promoter. Numbers are relative to the transcription start site (+1). Supplemental Figure S4. ERRα response elements (ERE) located at −1443 bp to −1457 bp and KLF4 response elements (KRE) located at −406 bp to −419 bp of pparα promoter. Supplemental Figure S5. Relative luciferase activity of sirt3 promoter after the incubation with different overexpression vectors. Supplemental Figure S6. The immunoprecipitation experiment for the analysis of KLF4 and ERRα binding with SIRT3. Supplemental Figure S7. Nucleotide sequence of yellow catfish pparα promoter. Numbers are relative to the transcription start site (+1). Supplemental Figure S8. KLF4 response elements (ERE) located at −1443 bp to −1457 bp (KRE1) and −406 bp to −419 bp (KRE2) of pparα promoter. Supplemental Figure S9. Nucleotide sequence of yellow catfish lcad promoter. Numbers are relative to the transcription start site (+1).

The research on multi-robot coverage path planning (CPP) has been attracting more and more attention. In order to achieve efficient coverage, this paper proposes an improved DARP coverage algorithm. The improved DARP algorithm based on A* algorithm is used to assign tasks to robots and then combined with STC algorithm based on Up-First algorithm to achieve full coverage of the task area. Compared with the initial DARP algorithm, this algorithm has higher efficiency and higher coverage rate.

To explore the feasibility of the preoperative prediction of pathological central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) status in patients with negative clinical lymph node (cN0) papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) using a computed tomography (CT) radiomics signature.A total of 97 PTC cN0 nodules with CLNM pathology data (pN0, with CLNM, n = 59; pN1, without CLNM, n = 38) in 85 patients were divided into a training set (n = 69) and a validation set (n = 28). For each lesion, 321 radiomic features were extracted from nonenhanced, arterial and venous phase CT images. Minimum redundancy and maximum relevance and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator were used to find the most important features with which to develop a radiomics signature in the training set. The performance of the radiomics signature was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curves, calibration curves and decision curve analysis .Three nonzero the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator coefficient features were selected for radiomics signature construction. The radiomics signature for distinguishing the pN0 and pN1 groups achieved areas under the curve of 0.79 (95% CI 0.67, 0.91) in the training set and 0.77 (95% CI 0.55, 0.99) in the validation set. The calibration curves demonstrated good agreement between the radiomics score-predicted probability and the pathological results in the two sets (p= 0.399, p = 0.191). The decision curve analysis curves showed that the model was clinically useful.This radiomic signature could be helpful to predict CLNM status in cN0 PTC patients.

Plant height is one of the key agronomic traits affecting soybean yield. The cytokinin response factors (CRFs), as a branch of the APETALA2/ethylene responsive factor (AP2/ERF) super gene family, have been reported to play important roles in regulating plant growth and development. However, their functions in soybean remain unknown. This study characterized a soybean CRF gene named GmCRF4a by comparing the performance of the homozygous Gmcrf4a-1 mutant, GmCRF4a overexpression (OX) and co-silencing (CS) lines. Phenotypic analysis showed that overexpression of GmCRF4a resulted in taller hypocotyls and epicotyls, more main stem nodes, and higher plant height. While down-regulation of GmCRF4a conferred shorter hypocotyls and epicotyls, as well as a reduction in plant height. The histological analysis results demonstrated that GmCRF4a promotes epicotyl elongation primarily by increasing cell length. Furthermore, GmCRF4a is required for the expression of GmYUCs genes to elevate endogenous auxin levels, which may subsequently enhance stem elongation. Taken together, these observations describe a novel regulatory mechanism in soybean, and provide the basis for elucidating the function of GmCRF4a in auxin biosynthesis pathway and plant heigh regulation in plants.

RGB guided depth completion aims to recover a complete depth map from a sparse set of depth measurements and one corresponding RGB image, which is efficient for 3D applications to generate high-quality depth maps. Most prevailing approaches feed the sparse depth data and RGB image collected by consumer devices into a 2D convolutional network performed only at the spatial level. We argue that there is a correlation in registered multi-modal data between different modalities, which is ignored in 2D convolutional operations, resulting in loss of accuracy. In order to acquire the extra modal information between different modalities, we adopt 3D convolution for the depth completion task. Meanwhile, to decrease the significantly increased parameter size 3D convolutions, we propose a simple and effective method to reduce this increase while retaining their modal information. We verified the effectiveness of our proposed method for modal and spatial features learning on NYUv2 and KITTI depth completion datasets. Our lightweight 3D convolution achieved approximate accuracy as the standard 3D convolution, but with the same parameter size of 2D convolution. Our proposed modal features and lightweight 3D convolution are helpful to inform the development of depth sensors for consumer devices.

Developing photoresponsive circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials is an essential step for biosensing and biomedical applications. However, fabricating CPL assemblies rooted in the chirality amplification and transmission of the molecular building blocks, which simultaneously show photo-controllable CPL signals, remains challenging. Herein, a molecular building block containing an overcrowded-alkene core and bis-PBI (MPBI) was designed. Importantly, the enantiopure MPBI can self-assemble into well-organized nanofibers via π-π stacking interactions and enable the transmission of the intrinsic chirality, providing opposite CPL signals. The photoisomerization of MPBI induced a transformation from nanofibers to discrete nanospheres, accompanied by a gradually decreased CPL signal. The results demonstrated the development of photo-controllable CPL materials from the assembly of chiral MPBI, which provides an alternatively facile strategy to fabricate CPL-active materials and would offer opportunities for future biosensing and biomedical applications.

Developing molecular approaches to the creation of robust and water-resistant adhesive materials promotes a fundamental understanding of interfacial adhesion mechanisms as well as future applications of biomedical adhesive materials. Here, we present a simple and robust strategy that combines natural thioctic acid and mussel-inspired iron-catechol complexes to enable ultra-strong adhesive materials that can be used underwater and simultaneously exhibit unprecedentedly high adhesion strength on diverse surfaces. Our experimental results show that the robust crosslinking interaction of the iron-catechol complexes, as well as high-density hydrogen bonding, are responsible for the ultra-high interfacial adhesion strength. The embedding effect of the hydrophobic solvent-free network of poly(disulfides) further enhances the water-resistance. The dynamic covalent poly(disulfides) network also makes the resulting materials reconfigurable, thus enabling reusability via repeated heating and cooling. This molecule-engineering strategy offers a general and versatile solution to the design and construction of dynamic supramolecular adhesive materials.

Gerronema confusum sp. nov. is described and illustrated from North China, which is diagnosed by the combination of grayish brown omphalinoid basidiomata, decurrent lamellae, a central stipe, smooth, ellipsoid to subglobose, inamyloid basidiospores, 1–2-spored basidia, abundant cheilocystidia, a pileipellis disrupted by clusters of pileocystidia, and a stipitipellis disrupted by caulocystidia. ITS-phylogeny supported G. confusum as a distinct species.

Gerronema confusum L. Fan & T.Y. Zhao sp. nov. (Figs. 2, 3) MycoBank:— MB841245 Diagnosis:— Gerronema confusum is similar to G. atrialbum and G. wildpretii in the appearance of basidiomata, however it can be distinguished from G. wildpretii in having larger basidiospores (7.5–12.5 × 5–10 μm) and the absence of clamp connections in all tissues, while from G. atrialbum in having shorter stipe (5–7 cm long) and abundant cheilocystidia. ITS-phylogeny supported G. confusum as a distinct species. Etymology:—‘ confusum’, refers to its confusingly similar macro-morphology with G. wildpretii. Holotype:— CHINA. Shanxi Province, Yuncheng City, Xia County, 35°0ʹ24ʺN, 111°31ʹ24ʺE, elev. 1020 m, 06 October 2020, Hao-Yu Fu, MNM101 (BJTC FM1592). Description: —Basidiomata omphalinoid, medium-sized. Pileus 55–65 mm broad, sometimes umbilicate, but predominantly infundibuliform to deeply infundibuliform; ground color gray white (#c0c0c0), covered with adpressed grayish brown (#7d371f) to brown (#52361b) fibrils and dark brown granulose (#3f2915) all over; margin almost straight to rather reflexed, undulate, with some white split. Lamellae decurrent, white (#d8eaf3), 3.5–4.5 mm broad, with lamelluale of 2–3 tiers, sometimes with the cross veins, edge entire, concolorous. Stipe 55–70 × 9–14 mm, cylindrical, equal or slightly broader towards the base, hollow; surface gray white to concolorous with the pileus, granulose toward apex, granulose dark brown (#3f2915). Context thin, white (#aac0da). Odour and taste indistinct. Basidiospores 7.5–12.5 × 5–10 μm; Q(L/I) = 1–2(Qm = 1.47)(n = 60), ellipsoid to subglobose, thin-walled, smooth, inamyloid, hyaline, with a prominent apiculus, often with a large oil drop at the centre. Basidia 37.5–62.5 × 5–7.5 μm, clavate, sometimes fusiform, thin-walled, 1–2-spored; sterigmata up to 10 μm long. Cheilocystidia abundant, 42.5–62.5 × 5–12.5 μm, hyaline, thin-walled, subcylindrical to cylindrical. Pleurocystidia absent. Pileipellis a cutis disrupted by clusters of erect or semi-erect pileocystidia; hyphae hyaline or often with a light brown plasmatic pigment, thin-walled, with slightly swollen terminal elements. Pileocystidia 62.5–85 × 7.5–10 μm, flexuose, clavate or subclavate, with a light brown plasmatic pigment, thin-walled. Stipitipellis a cutis disrupted by caulocystidia and occasional ascending or erect hyphae with inflated terminal hyphae, hyaline or with a light brown plasmatic pigment. Caulocystidia 42.5–62.5 × 5–8.75 μm, with a light brown plasmatic pigment, cylindrical, fusoid, clavate or sometimes irregular in shape, thin-walled. Clamp connections absent. Habitat:—Solitary, growing on buried wood in the broad-leaved forests dominated by Quercus sp. Known distribution: — Shanxi, CHINA Additional specimens examined: — CHINA. Shanxi Province, Yuncheng City, Xia County, 35°4ʹ46ʺN, 111°23ʹ43ʺE, elev. 1000 m, 04 October 2020, Ning Mao, MNM039 (BJTC FM1624)., Published as part of Zhao, Tao-Yu & Fan, Li, 2022, Gerronema confusum (Porotheleaceae), a new species from North China, pp. 186-194 in Phytotaxa 550 (2) on pages 190-191, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.550.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6641191

Wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a promising technology for manufacturing large-sized metal components. However, the material shortage region (MSR) at the edge of each slicing layer can influence the forming precision and surface flatness of components. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a shape follow-up edge cycle compensation (SECC) method and model for predicting the weld width and weld height to improve the efficiency of the WAAM process. First, the prediction model was used to determine the weld width and weld height for various welding parameters. The predicted width was then used to obtain the optimal overlap distance, and the filling path of each layer was generated. The same weld height was used for slicing of the 3D model and the tool path compensation cycle was generated. Second, the influence of the MSR on the morphology of multi-layer multi-bead (MLMB) components was analyzed. The MSR results in a height difference between the edge height and the middle height of every deposited layer, and the height difference increases as more layers are added and the height of the component increases. Furthermore, the influence of the MSR gradually extends from the edge to the middle, such that the upper surface presents a parabolic shape. Finally, a mathematical model was established to determine the height difference based on the area of the MSR. When the height difference reaches the weld height, an edge compensation weld is added to eliminate the height difference. Our experimental results show that the proposed forming control strategy improves forming precision and surface flatness. The method is highly feasible and can be applied to a wide range of WAAM applications.

Bonomyces pseudoarnoldii L. Fan & N. Mao, sp. nov. (Figs. 3, 4) MycoBank:— MB841875 Diagnosis:—differing from the phylogenetically and morphologically closest related species B. arnoldii by its crowded lamellae, absence of granules at the top of the stipe, well-differentiated mediostratum and stipitipellis, genetic profile, and distribution in north China. Etymology:—‘ pseudoarnoldii ’, refers to this species being similar to B. arnoldii. Holotype:— CHINA. Shanxi Province, Linfen City, Yicheng County, Zhongtiaoshan Mt., 1950 m elev., 8 July 2021, on the ground under Pinus armandi, N. Mao MNM 239 (BJTC FM1672). Description:— Pileus 12–49 mm, at first convex, then flat to slightly depressed or umbilicate; margin not striate, revolute or flat when young, later slightly uplifted and wavy, sometimes split; surface dry, finely to coarsely fibrillose near the margin, occasionally cracking into minute squamules towards the center; reddish brown (#b95d30) to dark brown (#a56829), pale orange (#e67028), sometimes light yellow (#f3bc9b) or dark reddish brown (#3f1010) in the center. Lamellae 1.5–3.0 mm broad, L = 40‒60, l = 1‒3, crowded, subdecurrent to decurrent, whitish (#ff0000), becoming beige (#f5f5dc), edge turning reddish brown (#b95d30) with age. Stipe central, 18–45 × 3–9 mm, terete, usually equal, occasionally inflated at the apex and slightly tapering at base, granules absent at the top, sometimes curved, longitudinally fibrillose, solid, pale white (#fafafa) to reddish brown (#b95d30) or pale orange (#ee9e6d), with a cluster of large white rhizomorphs at the base. Context white when young later pale brown under the pileus and stipe surface. Odor not recorded. Taste not recorded. Spore print white. Basidiospores [120/4/3] (6.5–)7–8.5(–9) × (4–)4.5–5.5(–6) μm (avg. ± SD = 7.6 ± 0.65 × 4.8 ± 0.57 μm), [Q = (1.35–) 1.40–1.75 (–1.90), Q av = 1.58 ± 0.16], mostly oblong-ellipsoid or amygdaliform in side-view, a few somewhat cylindrical, usually uni-guttulate, smooth, slightly thick-walled (0.3–0.6 µm), with a thick lateral apiculus. Basidia (27–)30–35(–37) × 5–8 μm, mostly 4–spored, occasionally 2–spored, cylindrical to clavate, mostly hyaline, with sterigmata 3–6 μm long. Subhymenium 10–15 µm thick, pavimentous (bottom of hymenophore), weakly developed, made of small polygonal elements 2–4 µm wide. Hymenopodium, 15–20 µm thick, slightly divergent, composed of slender hyphae 1.5–5 µm wide. Mediostratum 70–105 µm thick, well differentiated, regular, composed of parallel hyphae 3–9 μm diam, smooth, colorless. Hymenial cystidia not seen. Pileipellis a trichoderm, 120–150 µm thick, composed of parallel cylindrical to clavate hyphae, 3–11 μm in diam, smooth, with walls sometimes slightly thickened, with yellow to brown minute intracellular pigment, often with numerous cystidioid terminal elements measuring about 30–55 × 5–9(–13) μm, cylindrical to narrowly clavate or sometimes irregular, prostrate or erect, in fascicles. Subpellis not differentiated. Stipitipellis well-differentiated, 90–105 µm thick, composed of parallel hyphae 2.5–6 μm diam. with pale yellow to light brown content, thin-walled. Stipititrama well-differentiated, made of parallel hyaline hyphae 2.5–9.0 µm wide. Clamp connections present in all tissues. Habit, habitat and distribution:—Solitary or scattered, on the ground in conifer forests dominated by Pinus armandi, known from the north of China. Additional specimens examined:— CHINA. Shanxi Province, Linfen City, Yicheng County, Zhongtiaoshan Ms., 35°29’41’’N, 111°54’15’’E, 1950 m elev., 8 July 2021, on ground under Pinus armandi, N. Mao MNM 238 (BJTC FM1671); ibid. 35°29’51’’N, 111°55’1’’E, 1920 m elev., 8 July 2021, on ground under Pinus armandi, N. Mao MNM 240 (BJTC FM1673).

Bonomyces pseudoarnoldii L. Fan & N. Mao, sp. nov. (Figs. 3, 4) MycoBank:— MB841875 Diagnosis:—differing from the phylogenetically and morphologically closest related species B. arnoldii by its crowded lamellae, absence of granules at the top of the stipe, well-differentiated mediostratum and stipitipellis, genetic profile, and distribution in north China. Etymology:—‘ pseudoarnoldii ’, refers to this species being similar to B. arnoldii. Holotype:— CHINA. Shanxi Province, Linfen City, Yicheng County, Zhongtiaoshan Mt., 1950 m elev., 8 July 2021, on the ground under Pinus armandi, N. Mao MNM 239 (BJTC FM1672). Description:— Pileus 12–49 mm, at first convex, then flat to slightly depressed or umbilicate; margin not striate, revolute or flat when young, later slightly uplifted and wavy, sometimes split; surface dry, finely to coarsely fibrillose near the margin, occasionally cracking into minute squamules towards the center; reddish brown (#b95d30) to dark brown (#a56829), pale orange (#e67028), sometimes light yellow (#f3bc9b) or dark reddish brown (#3f1010) in the center. Lamellae 1.5–3.0 mm broad, L = 40‒60, l = 1‒3, crowded, subdecurrent to decurrent, whitish (#ff0000), becoming beige (#f5f5dc), edge turning reddish brown (#b95d30) with age. Stipe central, 18–45 × 3–9 mm, terete, usually equal, occasionally inflated at the apex and slightly tapering at base, granules absent at the top, sometimes curved, longitudinally fibrillose, solid, pale white (#fafafa) to reddish brown (#b95d30) or pale orange (#ee9e6d), with a cluster of large white rhizomorphs at the base. Context white when young later pale brown under the pileus and stipe surface. Odor not recorded. Taste not recorded. Spore print white. Basidiospores [120/4/3] (6.5–)7–8.5(–9) × (4–)4.5–5.5(–6) μm (avg. ± SD = 7.6 ± 0.65 × 4.8 ± 0.57 μm), [Q = (1.35–) 1.40–1.75 (–1.90), Q av = 1.58 ± 0.16], mostly oblong-ellipsoid or amygdaliform in side-view, a few somewhat cylindrical, usually uni-guttulate, smooth, slightly thick-walled (0.3–0.6 µm), with a thick lateral apiculus. Basidia (27–)30–35(–37) × 5–8 μm, mostly 4–spored, occasionally 2–spored, cylindrical to clavate, mostly hyaline, with sterigmata 3–6 μm long. Subhymenium 10–15 µm thick, pavimentous (bottom of hymenophore), weakly developed, made of small polygonal elements 2–4 µm wide. Hymenopodium, 15–20 µm thick, slightly divergent, composed of slender hyphae 1.5–5 µm wide. Mediostratum 70–105 µm thick, well differentiated, regular, composed of parallel hyphae 3–9 μm diam, smooth, colorless. Hymenial cystidia not seen. Pileipellis a trichoderm, 120–150 µm thick, composed of parallel cylindrical to clavate hyphae, 3–11 μm in diam, smooth, with walls sometimes slightly thickened, with yellow to brown minute intracellular pigment, often with numerous cystidioid terminal elements measuring about 30–55 × 5–9(–13) μm, cylindrical to narrowly clavate or sometimes irregular, prostrate or erect, in fascicles. Subpellis not differentiated. Stipitipellis well-differentiated, 90–105 µm thick, composed of parallel hyphae 2.5–6 μm diam. with pale yellow to light brown content, thin-walled. Stipititrama well-differentiated, made of parallel hyaline hyphae 2.5–9.0 µm wide. Clamp connections present in all tissues. Habit, habitat and distribution:—Solitary or scattered, on the ground in conifer forests dominated by Pinus armandi, known from the north of China. Additional specimens examined:— CHINA. Shanxi Province, Linfen City, Yicheng County, Zhongtiaoshan Ms., 35°29’41’’N, 111°54’15’’E, 1950 m elev., 8 July 2021, on ground under Pinus armandi, N. Mao MNM 238 (BJTC FM1671); ibid. 35°29’51’’N, 111°55’1’’E, 1920 m elev., 8 July 2021, on ground under Pinus armandi, N. Mao MNM 240 (BJTC FM1673)., Published as part of Mao, Ning, Lv, Jing-Chong, Zhao, Tao-Yu & Fan, Li, 2022, Bonomyces pseudoarnoldii (Biannulariaceae, Agaricales), a new species from China revealed by morphology, and multilocus phylogenetic analysis, pp. 69-78 in Phytotaxa 545 (1) on pages 72-76, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.545.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/6520388

Key to the species of Bonomyces known in the world. 1. Pileus covered by fibrillose to squamulose........................................................................................................................................2 1. Pileus smooth.................................................................................................................................................................... B. sinopicus 2. Subpellis present and distinctly differentiated, 25–30 µm thick................................................................................ B. afrosinopicus 2. Subpellis absent or weakly differentiated...........................................................................................................................................3 3. Terminations cylindrical to clavate in pileipellis................................................................................................................................4 3. Terminations cylindrical, not clavate in pileipellis...................................................................................................... B. squamulosus 4. Lamellae slightly distant, L = 30‒40, having granules at the top of the stipe.................................................................... B. arnoldii 4. Lamellae slightly crowded, L = 40‒60, no granules at the top of the stipe............................................................. B. pseudoarnoldii, Published as part of Mao, Ning, Lv, Jing-Chong, Zhao, Tao-Yu & Fan, Li, 2022, Bonomyces pseudoarnoldii (Biannulariaceae, Agaricales), a new species from China revealed by morphology, and multilocus phylogenetic analysis, pp. 69-78 in Phytotaxa 545 (1) on page 77, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.545.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/6520388

Improved soybean cultivars have been adapted to grow at a wide range of latitudes, enabling expansion of cultivation worldwide. However, the genetic basis for this broad adaptation is still not clear. Here we report the identification of GmPRR3b as a major flowering time regulatory gene that has been selected during domestication and genetic improvement for geographic expansion. Through genome-wide association study (GWAS) of a diverse landrace panel of soybean (comprised of 279 accessions), we identified 16 candidate quantitative loci associated with flowering time and maturity time. The strongest signal resides on the known flowering gene E2, verify the effectiveness of our approach. We detected strong association signals of a genomic region containing GmPRR3b with both flowering and maturity time. Haplotype analysis revealed that GmPRR3bH6 is the major form that has been utilized during recent breeding of modern cultivars. mRNA profiling analysis showed that GmPRR3bH6 displays a rhythmic and photoperiod-dependent expression that is preferentially induced under long day conditions. Overexpression of GmPRR3bH6 conferred increased main stem node number and high yield phenotypes, while knockout of GmPRR3bH6 by CRISPR-Cas9 technology retarded growth and delayed floral transition. GmPRR3bH6 appears to act as a transcriptional repressor of multiple predicted circadian clock genes, including GmCCA1a which directly upregulates J/GmELF3a to modulate flowering time. Taken together, the causal SNP (Chr12:5520945) likely endows GmPRR3bH6 a moderate but appropriate activity, which is associated with early flowering and vigorous growth traits preferentially selected for broad adaption in landraces and improved cultivars.

Pores can easily form in the geometric center and sharp corner lap joints of solid components with polygonal cross-sections fabricated by wire and arc additive manufacturing. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a composite path planning method and a sharp corner correction strategy. The composite path planning method consists of the zigzag path and the contour offsetting path. The zigzag path is used to fill the interior of the component and eliminates pores formed by traditional filling paths. The contour offset path is used to improve the geometric precision of the component. Filling paths are connected to create a closed path, which reduces arc striking and arc extinguishing during the manufacturing process. By exploring the distance between two vertices of a sharp corner lap of the outer contour path, it was found that pores form in the sharp corner lap when the angle of the sharp corner is less than 58.65°; therefore, the sharp corner correction strategy is proposed to correct the sharp corner lap path in the outer contour path. Experimental results show that the composite path filling method and the sharp corner correction strategy can eliminate pores between the geometric center and the sharp corner lap joints of components, thereby improving surface morphology and forming quality of components with complex polygonal cross-sections.

`Are we alone?' The Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence (SETI) aims to answer this profound question. Apart from examining environments in our solar system and detecting biosignatures in exoplanet atmospheres, SETI is another main approach to search for life beyond Earth by detecting technosignatures indicative of extra-terrestrial intelligence (ETI), such as engineering radio signals. Massive efforts have been made by SETI scientists using radio telescopes around the world. Though some candidate signals were detected, none of them has been confirmed as an ETI technosignature so far. Most targeted SETI observations performed in recent years use on-off strategy to distinguish signals transmitted from celestial bodies from radio frequency interference (RFI) generated near the ground. Here we report a SETI campaign employing another SETI observation strategy, multi-beam coincidence matching (MBCM), at the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) towards 33 currently discovered planetary systems, searching for narrow band drifting signals at a band of $1.05-1.45$ GHz. Our observations achieve an unprecedented sensitivity with a minimum Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) of $1.5 \times 10^{9} ~\text{W}$. We process the data of two orthogonal polarization separately, aiming to discriminate instrumental RFI signals. A particular signal at 1140.604 MHz from the observation towards Kepler-438 passes our initial selection criteria. Although we have not yet determined the exact cause of this signal, its polarization characteristic suggests that it is most likely to be attributed to RFI. In spite of this, our work verifies that compared to single-beam on-off strategy, MBCM greatly improves both time efficiency and radio frequency interference (RFI) identification effectiveness of targeted SETI observations.

The Doppler shift of a radio signal is caused by the relative motion between the transmitter and receiver. The change in frequency of the signal over time is called drift rate. In the studies of radio SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence), extraterrestrial narrowband signals are expected to appear "chirped" since both the exoplanet and the Earth are moving. Such planet rotation and orbital revolution around the central star can cause a non-zero drift rate. Other relative motions between the transmitter and receiver, such as the gravitational redshift and galactic potential, are negligible. In this paper, we mainly consider the common cases that the drift rate is contributed by the rotations and orbits of the Earth and exoplanet in celestial mechanics perspective, and briefly discuss other cases different from the Earth-exoplanet one. We can obtain the expected pseudosinusoidal drifting result with long-term observations, shorter orbital periods of exoplanets. Exoplanets with higher orbital eccentricities can cause asymmetric drifting. The expected result should be intermittent pseudosinusoidal curves in long-term observations. The characteristics of pseudo-sinusoidal curves, as another new criterion for extraterrestrial signals, can be applied to long-term SETI reobservations in future research., Comment: 18 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables , matches the published version

Additional file 1. Figure S1 HPLC chromatogram chart of Monacolin K; Figure S2 The standard curve of Monacolin K and Table S1 Recoveries obtained from the analysis of red yeast rice samples spiked with Monacolin K; Table S2 Plackett-Burman experiment design for single-factor experiments; Table S3 Box-Benhnken experiment design for significant factors.

As a major approach to looking for life beyond the Earth, the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) is committed to detecting technosignatures such as engineered radio signals that are indicative of technologically capable life. In this paper, we report a targeted SETI campaign employing an observation strategy named multi-beam coincidence matching (MBCM) at the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) towards 33 known exoplanet systems, searching for ETI narrow-band drifting signals across 1.05-1.45 GHz in two orthogonal linear polarization directions separately. A signal at 1140.604 MHz detected from the observation towards Kepler-438 originally peaked our interest because its features are roughly consistent with assumed ETI technosignatures. However, evidences such as its polarization characteristics are almost able to eliminate the possibility of an extraterrestrial origin. Our observations achieve an unprecedented sensitivity since the minimum equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP) we are able to detect reaches 1.48 x10^9 W., Comment: 17 pages, 12 figures, matches the published version

ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop a radiomics model to predict early recurrence (MethodsThe pathological, clinical, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of patients diagnosed with grade II glioma who underwent surgery and had a recurrence between 2017 and 2020 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. After a rigorous selection, 64 patients were eligible and enrolled in the study. Twenty-two cases had a pathologically confirmed recurrent glioma. The cases were randomly assigned using a ratio of 7:3 to either the training set or validation set. T1-weighted image (T1WI), T2-weighted image (T2WI), and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted image (T1CE) were acquired. The minimum-redundancy-maximum-relevancy (mRMR) method alone or in combination with univariate logistic analysis were used to identify the most optimal predictive feature from the three image sequences. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was then used to develop a predictive model using the screened features. The performance of each model in both training and validation datasets was assessed using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultsA total of 396 radiomics features were initially extracted from each image sequence. After running the mRMR and univariate logistic analysis, nine predictive features were identified and used to build the multiparametric radiomics model. The model had a higher AUC when compared with the univariate models in both training and validation data sets with an AUC of 0.966 (95% confidence interval: 0.949–0.99) and 0.930 (95% confidence interval: 0.905–0.973), respectively. The calibration curves indicated a good agreement between the predictable and the actual probability of developing recurrence. The DCA demonstrated that the predictive value of the model improved when combining the three MRI sequences.ConclusionOur multiparametric radiomics model could be used as an efficient and accurate tool for predicting the recurrence of grade II glioma.

Proper functioning of the cerebellum is crucial to motor balance and coordination in adult mammals. Purkinje cells (PCs), the sole output neurons of the cerebellar cortex, play essential roles in cerebellar motor function. Tripartite motif-containing protein 32 (TRIM32) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that is involved in balance activities of neurogenesis in the subventricular zone of the mammalian brain and in the development of many nervous system diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. However, the role of TRIM32 in cerebellar motor function has never been examined. In this study we found that motor balance and coordination of mid-aged TRIM32 deficient mice were poorer than those of wild-type littermates. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to assess cerebella morphology and TRIM32 expression in PCs. Golgi staining showed that the extent of dendritic arborization and dendritic spine density of PCs were decreased in the absence of TRIM32. The loss of TRIM32 was also associated with a decrease in the number of synapses between parallel fibers and PCs, and in synapses between climbing fibers and PCs. In addition, deficiency of TRIM32 decreased Type I inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase (INPP5A) levels in cerebellum. Overall, this study is the first to elucidate a role of TRIM32 in cerebellar motor function and a possible mechanism, thereby highlighting the importance of TRIM32 in the cerebellum.

Purpose: To develop and validate a clinical-radiomics nomogram for the preoperative prediction of the risk of aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) in patients with unilateral adrenal adenoma. Patients and Methods: Ninety consecutive primary aldosteronism (PA) patients with unilateral adrenal adenoma who underwent adrenal venous sampling (AVS) were randomly divided into a training cohort (n=62) and a validation cohort (n=28) by a computer algorithm at a ratio of 7:3, and data were gathered from October 2017 to June 2020. The prediction model was developed in the training cohort. Radiomic features were extracted from unenhanced computed tomography (CT) images of unilateral adrenal adenoma. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model was used for data dimension reduction, feature selection, and radiomics signature building. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to develop the predictive model, integrating the radiomics signature and clinical risk factors, and this model was presented as a clinical-radiomics nomogram. The performance of the nomogram was assessed with respect to its calibration, discrimination, and clinical usefulness. Internal validation was performed. Results: By using the LASSO regression model, 358 texture features were reduced to 6 potential predictors. These features were presented in the Radscore calculated by using the formula. The predictors included in the individualized prediction nomogram were Radscore, age, sex, serum potassium and aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR). The model showed good discrimination, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.900 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.807 to 0.993), and good calibration. The nomogram still showed good discrimination (AUC, 0.912 [95% CI, 0.761 to 1.000]) and good calibration in the validation cohort. Decision curve analysis demonstrated that the nomogram was clinically useful. Conclusions: This study constructed a clinical-radiomics nomogram integrating a radiomics signature and some clinical factors, which facilitates the accurate detection of the probability of APA in patients with a unilateral adrenal nodule and would be helpful for clinical decision making. Funding Statement: This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 81960088 and 82060557), the Key R & D Projects of Jiangxi Province, China (NO. 20171ACG70002) and Graduate Student Innovation Special Fund Project of Jiangxi Province, China (NO. YC2020-B055). Declaration of Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists. Ethics Approval Statement: This retrospective study was approved by the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Medical Research Ethics Committee (Jiangxi, China), and the requirement for informed consent was waived.

A vertical isolation device with variable stiffness (VIVS) is developed using multiple hydraulic cylinders, which can form a three dimensional (3D) isolation device with a horizontal rubber bearing. The components and control mechanism of the VIVS are explained in detail. A prototype of the VIVS is fabricated to verify its performance by sinusoidal motion tests and shaking table tests. The experimental results show that the variable stiffness characteristics of the VIVS can be achieved, and the isolation period reaches 1.2 s. The shaking table test also verifies the effectiveness of the VIVS in controlling the acceleration. A theoretical model for the VIVS is proposed and validated, and a 60 m single-layer reticulated dome is simulated based on the model. The results indicate that the axial force and acceleration of the structures with VIVS are effectively mitigated with reduced height and displacement of the VIVS.

Physical theory models for strut members have been proposed in the past few years to efficiently and accurately investigate the influence of member buckling on the dynamic failure mechanism of long-span spatial structures. However, most of them can only simulate the Bauschinger effect without considering the reduction behavior of critical loads under cyclic load reversals. This study devoted to propose an improved physical theory model based on the authors' previous work. Cyclic loading tests on circular and square members were conducted. The range of slenderness ratio of the specimens is from 60 to 130, which is commonly used in long-span spatial structures. Based on the experimental results, empirical coefficients are introduced to the improved model, in which each member can be discretized by only one beam element. Using this model, the cyclic buckling behavior of members can be efficiently and accurately considered with various section types, slenderness ratios, and boundary conditions. Finally, the improved model is verified by experiments conducted in this study and in previous studies. A close agreement is found between the simulated and experimental results.

Aiming at the demand of the detection and recognition of the typical scene and the key condition for the radar, a modeling method for synthetical scene based on the electromagnetic model is proposed. Firstly, based on the target group-varying parameters of the targets, including the position and gesture, and the geometry material modeling of targets by the three-dimensional geometry transform method. More, use the electromagnetic calculation method to acquire the narrow-band and wide-band electromagnetic scattering characteristic of the complex scene, including specular reflection, edge diffraction and multi-reflection from the target group are obtained by Physical Optics (PO), Equivalent Edge Currents (EEC) and Shooting-and-Bouncing Ray (SBR) methods. The simulation example analyses the wide-band swept data and the HRRP course feature, and validates the correctness of the modeling method of complex scene.

A light-responsive supramolecular polymer was constructed by an AB-type monomer containing a light-responsive overcrowded alkene. The primary assemblies of the supramolecular polymer can further undertake secondary self-assembly by interfacial host-guest connections, which can be manipulated by light stimuli to convert into discrete primary assemblies.

In eukaryotes, glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are tethered to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane where they function as key regulators of a plethora of biological processes. Self-incompatibility (SI) plays a pivotal role regulating fertilization in higher plants through recognition and rejection of ‘self’ pollen. Here we used Arabidopsis thaliana lines engineered to be self-incompatible by expression of Papaver SI determinants for an SI suppressor screen. We identify HLD1, an ortholog of human GPI-inositol deacylase PGAP1, whose mutation completely abolishes the SI response. We show that HLD1 functions as a GPI-inositol deacylase and that this GPI-remodeling activity is essential for SI. Using GFP-SKU5 as a representative GPI-AP, we show that HLD1 mutation does not affect GPI-AP production and targeting, but alters the configuration of mature GPI-APs. This prevents GPI-AP release from the plasma membrane, suggesting that this process plays a critical role in the regulation of SI. Our data not only identify GPI anchoring as a new pathway of SI providing new directions to investigate SI mechanisms, but identifies for the first time a function for GPI-AP remodeling by inositol deacylation in plants.One sentence summaryThe Papaver self-incompatibility response requires GPI-anchor modification by HLD1, an ortholog of the mammalian PGAP1.

Background Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is a common complication in the treatment of respiratory diseases with high morbidity and mortality. ETS-domain containing protein (Elk1) and Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 are involved in VILI, but the roles have not been fully elucidated. This study examined the mechanisms of the activation of MMP-9 and Elk1 regulating barrier function in VILI in vitro and in vivo. Methods For the in vitro study, Mouse lung epithelial cells (MLE-12) were pre-treated with Elk1 siRNA or MMP-9 siRNA for 48 h prior to cyclic stretch at 20% for 4 h. For the in vivo study, C57BL/6 mice were pre-treated with Elk1 siRNA or MMP-9 siRNA for 72 h prior to 4 h of mechanical ventilation. The expressions of Elk1, MMP-9, Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), E-cadherin, and occludin were measured by Western blotting. The intracellular distribution of E-cadherin and occludin was shown by immunofluorescence. The degree of pulmonary edema and lung injury were evaluated by Hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining, lung injury scores, Wet/Dry (W/D) weight ratio, total cell counts, and Evans blue dye. Results 20% cyclic stretch and high tidal volume increases the expressions of Elk1, MMP-9, and TIMP-1, increases the ratio of MMP-9/TIMP-1, decreases the E-cadherin and occludin level. Elk1 siRNA or MMP-9 siRNA reverses the degradations of E-cadherin, occludin, and the ratio of MMP-9/TIMP-1 caused by cyclic stretch. Elk1 siRNA decreases the MMP-9 level with or not 20% cyclic stretch and high tidal volume. Conclusions The results demonstrate mechanical stretch damages the tight junctions and aggravates the permeability in VILI, Elk1 plays an important role in affecting the tight junctions and permeability by regulating the balance of MMP-9 and TIMP-1, thus indicating the therapeutic potential of Elk1 to treat VILI.

Background and aims Soil water storage capacity acts as a vital forest function to intercept rainfall and retain water for plant growth processes. However, whether or how plant functional trait diversity and composition regulate soil water storage capacity remains poorly understood. Methods Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to detect the direct and indirect effects of multiple biotic (i.e., functional trait composition and functional diversity) and abiotic (topography and soil organic carbon) factors on soil water storage capacity, i.e., in terms of soil capillary water storage content (CW), soil non-capillary water storage content (NCW), and soil saturated water storage content (TSW), in temperate forests recovering from different logging disturbance intensity levels. Results The community-weighted mean of specific leaf area (CWMSLA) increased CW but decreased NCW directly, whereas improved NCW and TSW indirectly via soil organic carbon. Disturbance influenced soil water storage capacity mainly in indirect ways via promoting CWMSLA and soil organic carbon. Elevation increased NCW and TSW but decreased CW directly, and it also had indirect effects on soil water storage capacity via decreasing CWMSLA and soil organic carbon. Moreover, soil organic carbon influenced NCW and TSW directly or mediated the effects of elevation, disturbance, and CWMSLA on soil water storage capacity. Conclusions The quick return on investments trait of CWMSLA shows a positive effect on soil water storage capacity (CW and TSW), supporting the mass ratio mechanism in temperate forests recovering from disturbances. Soil organic carbon also presents additional importance to soil water storage capacity.

The video shows a recent natural debris flow in Jiangjia Ravine.&nbsp

Designing photo‐responsive host–guest systems can provide versatile supramolecular tools for constructing smart systems and materials. We designed photo‐responsive macrocyclic hosts, modulated by light‐driven molecular rotary motors enabling switchable chiral guest recognition. The intramolecular cyclization of the two arms of a first‐generation molecular motor with flexible oligoethylene glycol chains of different lengths resulted in crown‐ether‐like macrocycles with intrinsic motor function. The octaethylene glycol linkage enables the successful unidirectional rotation of molecular motors, simultaneously allowing the 1:1 host–guest interaction with ammonium salt guests. The binding affinity and stereoselectivity of the motorized macrocycle can be reversibly modulated, owing to the multi‐state light‐driven switching of geometry and helicity of the molecular motors. This approach provides an attractive strategy to construct stimuli‐responsive host–guest systems and dynamic materials., Motorized macrocycles have been successfully synthesized by combining molecular motors with crown ether macrocycles, enabling unique photo‐switchable host–guest systems controlled by the multi‐stable unidirectional rotation of molecular motors. The switchable chiral cavity can be also used for the enantioselective recognition of guests.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-tct-10.1177_15330338211045506 for CTEN Inhibits Tumor Angiogenesis and Growth by Targeting VEGFA Through Down-Regulation of ��-Catenin in Breast Cancer by Xiangdong Lu, Bin Zhou, Minmin Cao, Qin Shao, Yukai Pan and Tao Zhao in Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-tct-10.1177_15330338211045506 for CTEN Inhibits Tumor Angiogenesis and Growth by Targeting VEGFA Through Down-Regulation of ��-Catenin in Breast Cancer by Xiangdong Lu, Bin Zhou, Minmin Cao, Qin Shao, Yukai Pan and Tao Zhao in Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-tct-10.1177_15330338211045506 for CTEN Inhibits Tumor Angiogenesis and Growth by Targeting VEGFA Through Down-Regulation of ��-Catenin in Breast Cancer by Xiangdong Lu, Bin Zhou, Minmin Cao, Qin Shao, Yukai Pan and Tao Zhao in Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-4-tct-10.1177_15330338211045506 for CTEN Inhibits Tumor Angiogenesis and Growth by Targeting VEGFA Through Down-Regulation of ��-Catenin in Breast Cancer by Xiangdong Lu, Bin Zhou, Minmin Cao, Qin Shao, Yukai Pan and Tao Zhao in Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-tct-10.1177_15330338211045506 for CTEN Inhibits Tumor Angiogenesis and Growth by Targeting VEGFA Through Down-Regulation of ��-Catenin in Breast Cancer by Xiangdong Lu, Bin Zhou, Minmin Cao, Qin Shao, Yukai Pan and Tao Zhao in Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-4-tct-10.1177_15330338211045506 for CTEN Inhibits Tumor Angiogenesis and Growth by Targeting VEGFA Through Down-Regulation of ��-Catenin in Breast Cancer by Xiangdong Lu, Bin Zhou, Minmin Cao, Qin Shao, Yukai Pan and Tao Zhao in Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment

Supplemental material, sj-docx-3-tct-10.1177_15330338211045506 for CTEN Inhibits Tumor Angiogenesis and Growth by Targeting VEGFA Through Down-Regulation of ��-Catenin in Breast Cancer by Xiangdong Lu, Bin Zhou, Minmin Cao, Qin Shao, Yukai Pan and Tao Zhao in Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment

Phospholysine phosphohistidine inorganic pyrophosphate phosphatase (LHPP) is a new-found tumor suppressor in a variety of tumors. While, it is still unknown about its role in glioma. In this study, we found that LHPP is abnormally decreasing or absent in glioblastoma, and the low expression of LHPP is associated with poor median survival in glioma patients. Functional assay revealed that LHPP-overexpression significantly inhibited U87MG and U118MG growth in vitro and in vivo. As to the mechanism, mass-spectrometric analysis indicated that the LHPP interacting proteins were mainly enriched in regulation of energy metabolism, including Carbon metabolism, Oxidative phosphorylation, and Glycolysis. Seahorse assay and metabolites detection confirmed that LHPP-overexpression obviously impeded glycolysis and respiration in U87MG and U118MG cells. For the further study, western blot assay showed that the protein level of PKM2 at dimeric, tetrameric, and total protein, were all decreased significantly, and its enzymatic activity was decreased as well. ChIP and RNAseq integrated analysis indicated that the decreased protein level of PKM2 was independent of PKM2 transcription, and LHPP did not reprogram transcription level of metabolic genome. Co-IP and immunofluorescence assay manifested that LHPP interacted with PKM2, and this interaction interfered the protein stability, then induced ubiquitin-mediated degradation of PKM2. Rescue assay confirmed that restoring the expression of PKM2 effectively reversed the restrained energy metabolism and the inhibited cancer cell growth caused by LHPP-overexpression in U87MG and U118MG cells. Taking together, we demonstrated that LHPP impedes the glycolysis and respiration during energy metabolic process via inducing ubiquitin-mediated degradation of PKM2, thus inhibits the growth of glioblastoma.

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with limited available drugs for treatment. Enhancing autophagy attenuates AD pathology in various AD model mice. Thus, development of potential drugs enhancing autophagy may bring beneficial effects in AD therapy. Methods: In the present study, we showed clemastine, a first-generation histamine H1R antagonist and being originally marketed for the treatment of allergic rhinitis, ameliorates AD pathogenesis in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Chronic treatment with clemastine orally reduced amyloid-β (Aβ) load, neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits of APP/PS1 transgenic mice as shown by immunohistochemistry and behavioral analysis. We further analyzed the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of clemastine with using the combination of both in vivo and in vitro experiments. We observed that clemastine decreased Aβ generation via reducing the levels of BACE1, CTFs of APP. Clemastine enhanced autophagy concomitant with a suppression of mTOR signaling. Conclusion: Therefore, we propose that clemastine attenuates AD pathology via enhancing mTOR-mediated autophagy.

Background. Ischemic stroke carries a high mortality rate and is a leading cause of severe neurological disability. However, the efficacy of current therapeutic options remains limited. Objective. We aimed to investigate the treatment efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in motor function rehabilitation after ischemic stroke and explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods. Male Sprague-Dawley rats with epicranial electrodes were used to establish pathogenetic model through temporary right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Subsequently, animals were randomly divided into 4 groups: MCAO + tDCS/sham tDCS, Control + tDCS/sham tDCS. Animals in the groups with tDCS underwent 10 days of cathodal tDCS totally (500 µA, 15 minutes, once a day). During and after tDCS treatment, the motor functions of the animals, ischemic damage area, proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs), and distribution, and protein expression of Notch1 signaling molecules were detected. Results. The rehabilitation of MCAO-induced motor function deficits was dramatically accelerated by tDCS treatment. NSC proliferation in the subventricular zone (SVZ) was significantly increased after MCAO surgery, and tDCS treatment promoted this process. Additionally, NSCs probably migrated from the SVZ to the ischemic striatum and then differentiated into neurons and oligodendrocytes after MCAO surgery, both of which processes were accelerated by tDCS treatment. Finally, tDCS treatment inhibited the activation of Notch1 signaling in NSCs in the ischemic striatum, which may be involved in NSC differentiation in the MCAO model. Conclusion. Our results suggest that tDCS may exert therapeutic efficacy after ischemic stroke in a regenerative medical perspective.