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Purple-fleshed sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas（L.）Lam.) is rich in anthocyanins. R2R3-type MYB transcription factors（TFs）with EAR motifs inhibiting anthocyanin biosynthesis have been reported, and there is still a lack of information on how mutations in the EAR motifs of MYBs affect anthocyanin accumulation. In this study, we obtained three IbMYB44 TFs by bioinformatics. Among these TFs, IbMYB44.1, IbMYB44.3 with a complete EAR motif and IbMYB44.2 with a single amino acid mutant in the EAR motif caused an amino acid substitution from leucine to valine. RT-qPCR analysis showed that IbMYB44s was expressed at lower levels in the purple-fleshed sweetpotato than in nonpurple-fleshed sweetpotato (P 0.01). Transient expression assays showed that the inhibitory effect of IbMYB44.1/3 was stronger than IbMYB44.2 in tobacco leaves and red-skinned pears. RT-qPCR analysis further proved that IbMYB44.1/3 significantly inhibited the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes compared with IbMYB44.2 in tobacco leaves and red-skinned pears. A dual luciferase reporter assay showed that IbMYB44s cannot directly activate the IbANS promoter, and the result was also verified by yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) experiments. Moreover, we identified the interaction of IbMYB340 with IbMYB44.1, IbMYB44.2 and IbMYB44.3 via yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assays. Thus, IbMYB44.1/3 could interact with IbMYB340 to negatively regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis. This study enriched the regulatory network of anthocyanins and also provided a theoretical basis for a single amino acid mutant from leucine to valine in the EAR motif of IbMYB44.2 affecting anthocyanin biosynthesis in the purple-fleshed sweetpotato.

At present, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is mainly treated with combination medication, high-dose, and early intensification. The treatment has achieved good results, but the long-term treatment effect is still not satisfactory. Studies have shown that the different levels of cytokine expression in AML patients can help AML risk stratification, search for treatment directions and predict the prognosis. It has been confirmed that the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β1 are increased in AML patients, and they all indicate a poor prognosis. However, IL-8, IFN-γ, and CCL5 have great research value in chemotherapy resistance and improvement of treatment effect. This article reviews the research progress of cytokine biomarkers in the prognosis of AML patients.细胞因子在急性髓系白血病预后中的研究进展.目前急性髓系白血病（AML）的治疗以联合用药、大剂量、早期强化为主，且取得了较好的治疗效果，但是远期治疗效果仍令人不满意。研究表明，AML患者细胞因子的不同程度表达有助于AML危险分层、寻找治疗方向以及预测AML患者预后。目前已证实IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、TGF-β1在AML患者中高表达，且均提示不良预后，而IL-8、IFN-γ、CCL5在化疗耐药性及改善治疗效果方面具有较大的研究价值。本文就细胞因子类生物标志在AML患者预后中的研究进展作一综述.

The rapid re-endothelialization of the vascular stent surface is desirable for preventing thrombosis or reducing restenosis. Many biological factors that promote the biological behavior of endothelial cells have been used for the surface modification of stents. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which plays an important role in angiogenesis, induces strong vascular growth. In this study, we investigated different VEGF concentrations (50 to 500 ng/ml) to determine the optimum concentration for biocompatibility. First, VEGF-loaded heparin/poly-l-lysine (Hep-PLL) nanoparticles were created by electrostatic interactions. Then, the VEGF-loaded nanoparticles were immobilized on dopamine-coated 316 L stainless steel (SS) surfaces. The physical and chemical properties of the modified surface were characterized and the biocompatibility was evaluated in vitro. The results indicated that the VEGF-loaded nanoparticles were immobilized successfully on the 316LSS surface, as evidenced by the results of Alcian Blue staining and water contact angle (WCA) measurements. The low platelet adhesion and activation indicated that the modified surfaces had good blood compatibility. The modified surfaces showed a good inhibitory effect on smooth muscle cells, indicating that they inhibited tissue hyperplasia. In addition, the modified surfaces significantly promoted endothelial cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, and biological activity, especially VEGF concentration was 350 ng/ml (NPV350). The optical VEGF concentration of the surface modified Hep-PLL nanoparticles was 350 ng/ml. The proposed method shows promise for potential applications for cardiovascular devices.

Pasteurella multocida is a zoonotic pathogen causing respiratory infection in different animal species such as cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens and humans. Inflammasome is a complex assembled by multiple proteins in the cytoplasm and plays an important role in the host defense against microbial infection. Bovine Pasteurella multocida type A (PmCQ2) infection induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β secretion, but the mechanism of PmCQ2-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is still unknown. Therefore, the underlying mechanism was investigated in this study. The results showed that potassium efflux mediated PmCQ2-induced IL-1β secretion and blocking potassium efflux attenuated PmCQ2-induced caspase-1 activation and ASC oligomerization. Furthermore, NIMA-related kinase 7 (Nek7) was also involved in PmCQ2-induced caspase-1 activation and IL-1β secretion. In addition, PmCQ2 infection promoted Nek7-NLRP3 interaction, which is dependent on potassium efflux. In conclusion, our results indicate the critical role of potassium efflux and Nek7 in Pasteurella multocida-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which provides useful information about Pasteurella multocida-induced host immune response.

Additional file 3:. Review history.

Additional file 2: Figure S1. The average proportion of reads with different alignment lengths by mapping the garlic reference in 84 accessions. Sequence reads generated from whole genome resequencing. Figure S2 Distribution of garlic variations. Track i indicates the density of SNPs from Genotype-by-sequencing (GBS), and track ii and iii indicate the density of SNPs and indels from whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Figure S3. The bulbs from three varieties, S41, S59, and S56, which were the accessions of OG, CG1, and CG2, respectively. Figure S4. Effective population size Ne of four garlic populations estimated using the GBS SNPs by the SMC++ method. Figure S5. A Venn figure shows the selective gene number by the population branch statistic (PBS, green), the θπ ratio (πOG/πCG, blue), and the test of cross-population composite likelihood ratio (XP-CLR, yellow). Figure S6. Comparison of gene expression level among three groups. Manhattan plot shows the P value for the difference of transcript abundance of each gene between two groups by ANOVA analysis. The y axis indicates the -log10(P value). Figure S7. Characterization of ELF4-like Asa2G00681.1. a, Expression level of Asa2G00681.1 in the bulbs under enlarging growth (blue column) and un-enlargement (orange column) in three varieties. b, Expression level of Asa2G00681.1 in the enlarging bulbs of three garlic groups based on the estimation of FPKM value. In the Figure a and b, the y axis indicates the FPKM value, and Ns indicates no significant difference, and ** and *** indicate a significant difference at the level of 0.01 and 0.001, respectively. c, Distribution of the ratio of nucleotide diversity (πCG/πOG) and FST values in the region of 202.0-204 Mb on chromosome 2. The grey line indicates the position of Asa2G00681.1. Figure S8. Correlation between the transcript abundance of five selective candidates and the clove weight traits in 81 accessions. The number in the top right panes (green dashed box) represents the correlation coefficient, and the red and blue circle indicates the negative and positive correlation, respectively; *** indicated a significance at 0.001 level. The column diagram in the diagonal panes shows the distribution of trait phenotype and expression FPKM value of genes, in which the red line indicates a distribution trend. The scatter plot in the bottom left panes (purple dashed box) shows the correlation between the transcript abundances and the clove weight traits in 81 accessions, where the red line indicates a trend. Figure S9. Number of heterozygous and homozygous deleterious mutations in 84 garlic accessions and three groups (OG, CG1, CG2). Each box represents the mean and interquartile range. Figure S10. Distribution of deleterious allele frequency in 84 garlic accessions. Figure S11. Correlation between the transcript abundance of three selective candidates and the clove number traits in 81 accessions. The number in the top right panes (green dashed box) represents the correlation coefficient, and the red and blue circles indicate negative and positive correlation, respectively; ** and *** indicate a significance at 0.01 and 0.001 level. The column diagram in the diagonal panes shows the distribution of trait phenotype and expression FPKM value of genes, in which the red line indicates a distribution trend. The scatter plot in the bottom left panes (purple dashed box) shows the correlation between the transcript abundances and the clove number traits in 81 accessions, where the red line indicates a trend. Figure S12. Comparison of deleterious mutations burden in the coding region of Asa2G00245.1 among OG, CG1 and CG2. Figure S13 Whole genome association analysis of the clove number trait in 230 garlic accessions. Purple arrows indicate the associated position with significant signal (P < 5.32 ×10−9). The gene under associated loci indicates that it is near to the associated signal (within 200 kb), and its expression shows the significant correlation with the clove number trait in 81 transcriptome-examined accessions, and is considered as the candidate of corresponding loci. *, **, and *** represent the significant association at the level of 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001, respectively. Figure S14. Expression level of Asa2G000503.1 in the enlarging bulbs of three garlic groups based on the estimation of FPKM value. *, and ** indicate the significant difference at the level of 0.05 and 0.01, respectively. Figure S15. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the bulbs whose cloves are before enlargement and under enlarging-growth in three varieties, Ershuizao (a), Chalingzipisuan (b), and Yuanjiangyangsuan (c). Orange dots represent genes with more transcripts in the library of enlarging bulbs, green dots represent genes with fewer transcripts in the library of enlarging bulbs, and grey dots indicate genes whose expression are not changed significantly. d, Venn diagram of differentially expressed genes from three varieties. Figure S16. A putative model for clove enlarging growth is proposed according to the orthologous analysis, in which 38 and 7 differentially expressed genes are the homologous genes involved in the photoperiod and gibberellin signal pathway. Heatmap shows the expressed difference of candidates between the bulbs whose cloves are under enlarging-growth (EB) and un-enlargement (UB). Figure S17. Phylogenetic tree of FT and FT-like proteins from six species, including garlic (blue), onion (green), Arabidopsis (purple), rice (orange), potato (black), and tomato (pink). Figure S18. Comparison of the flowering time between wild (right) and Asa06G06199.1-overexpressed Arabidopsis (left). Figure S19. Phylogenetic relation of garlic BEL1-like Homeodomain (BELL) members and Arabidopsis and tomato homologs, AtATH1, AtPNY, AtPNF, and StBEL5. The proteins of garlic, Arabidopsis and tomato are indicated by blue, green, and pink circle. Figure S20. Phylogenetic tree of DELLA proteins from three species, including garlic (blue), Arabidopsis (green), and rice (orange). Figure S21. Distribution of the ratio of nucleotide diversity (πCG/πOG) and FST values in the region near to the bulb traits-related candidates, which underwent selection in either CG1 or CG2.

Due to their relatively good biocompatibility and inactivity, titanium oxide films (Ti-O) are used in the coating of coronary stents, which reduces metal corrosion, slows metal ion release, and improves endothelial cell (EC) compatibility. Here, we report further functionalizing Ti-O with biological cues for selective endothelialization. Selenocystine with an l- or a d-enantiomer was first immobilized on the Ti-O film via polydopamine to generate nitric oxide (NO) endogenously, which inhibited smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation, followed by the grafting of a functional KREDVC peptide to induce EC adhesion. The synergistic effects of the immobilized KREDVC, surface chirality, and NO generation on selective endothelialization were investigated. The results showed that the surface chirality of the l-enantiomer and KREDVC grafting significantly enhanced the attachment and growth of ECs compared to SMCs. An in vivo study showed von Willebrand factor expression was increased and neointimal hyperplasia was significantly decreased in samples with l-selenocystine immobilization and KREDVC grafting. In summary, these findings provide new insights on the surface modification of cardiovascular implants with selective endothelialization.

Compared to silicon devices, silicon carbide (SiC) devices have much lower C(oss) and Q(g); they can switch at much higher speed, SiC power modules are thus more sensitive to stray parameters. Large stray inductance may result in high voltage spikes and cause severe electro-magnetic interference (EMI) issues; unbalanced stray inductance may contribute to uneven current sharing between parallel devices. Low and symmetrical inductance is a necessity to fully utilise the superior characteristics of SiC devices. This paper first studies the current sharing and voltage spike mechanisms of multichip power modules (MCPMs). Stray inductance distribution, current sharing as well as voltage spikes under different direct bonded copper (DBC) layout conditions are investigated using finite element modelling software. A round symmetrical DBC layout is then proposed. Compared with conventional ones, the proposed structure is symmetrical in stray inductance distribution; thus improving the consistency among chips. To reduce the total equivalent stray inductance and tackle the voltage spike problem, this study further presents an improved 3D structure on the basis of the round symmetrical DBC. The stray inductance extraction and double pulse simulation results verify the effectiveness of the improved 3D structure in current sharing as well as voltage spike reduction.

Fourteen sesquiterpene lactones were isolated from the whole plant of Carpesium abrotanoides L. Their structures were determined on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis. All compounds were screened for their cytotoxic activity, and compound 6 showed the strongest activity (IC50 2.73 − 7.21 µM) against five human cancer cell lines, including A549, HepG2, HCT116, MDA-MB-231, and CNE2. Compound 6 was further investigated. Compound 6 effectively induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and ROS accumulation in a dose-dependent manner, which further led to apoptosis in cancer cells. Interestingly, compounds 1 and 6 could also activate protective autophagy, which was reported for the first time in sesquiterpene isolated from Carpesium abrotanoides. In addition, compounds 1 and 6 could induce lysosomal biogenesis by 173.2% and 163.7%, respectively. In sum, sesquiterpene lactones from Carpesium abrotanoides could induce apoptosis and protective autophagy in cancer cells, which provide a serial of compounds with potential clinical applications.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. The summary of final SNPs characteristic, including MAF, call rate, and p-value of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test.. Figure S2. Principal component analyses indicated there are no population stratification among 6 subgroups. Abbreviation: ASPI, asymptomatic persistence infection; CHB, chronic hepatitis B; DC, decompensated cirrhosis; HC: healthy controls; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma. Figure S3. Effective population sizes inferred using Related-package across all individuals of each population in two loci (HLA-DPA1, HLA-DPB1). Recentsize histories (26000 years ago) in European (purple) population showed modest difference compared with East Asian (red) population. Abbreviation: EUR, European; AMR, American; SAS, South Asian; AFR, African. Figure S4. Boxplots of rs2395166 genotype and serum liver enzyme levels in HC. Figure S5. Boxplots of rs615672 genotype and serum liver enzyme levels in HC. Figure S6. Boxplots of rs3077 genotype and serum liver enzyme levels in HC. Figure S7. Boxplots of rs1264473 genotype and serum liver enzyme levels in HC. Figure S8. Boxplots of rs2833856 genotype and serum liver enzyme levels in HC. Figure S9. Boxplots of rs6942409 genotype and serum liver enzyme levels in HC. Figure S10. The summary of associated SNPs contributed to HBV-related outcomes and the progression. Abbreviation: PI, persistence infection; ASPI, asymptomatic persistence infection; CHB, chronic hepatitis B; DC, decompensated cirrhosis; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma.

Additional file 1.

Additional file 5: Figure S2. Evaluation of the repeatability among replicate samples based on Pearson correlation analysis. The numbers in the graph indicate the correlation coefficient, and the red and blue table represent the positive and negative correlations, respectively. TPS and MPS indicate the phosphoproteome for the barks collected from the top and middle sections of stems, respectively.

Additional file 3: Table S3. GO terms significantly enriched with proteins in which phosphorylation was up-regulated in fiber-developmental bark.

Additional file 4: Figure S1. Microscopic observation of fiber cells from the stem barks of ramie (published by Chen et al. 2014, BMC Genomics, 15:919). Barks collected from the top (TPS) and middle (MPS) sections of ramie stems were used for phosphoproteome analysis in this study. MPS is characterized by secondary cellular wall growth initiation and thickening, whereas the initiation of growth is not seen in TPS. Red arrows indicate the differential thickness of the cell walls of fibers from the two tissue types. Scale bars shown in the microscopic sections of TPS and MPS and in the figure of whole plant are 20 μm and 10 cm in length.

As the edge node in electric Internet of Things, the application of smart metering terminal (SMT) enables the massive electric big data to be widely collected and processed on the edge. This creates a positive condition for short-term electric load forecasting, which is very important for electricity sales company under the back ground of electricity spot market. In this study, the structure of a novel hybrid edge-cloud computing framework for electric load forecasting is proposed, and the forecasting model based on extreme learning machine (ELM) is also developed. In the proposed framework, the distributed SMTs are regarded as the edge nodes and widely collect electric data inner electricity customers. Then, these original data are preprocessed in the regional SMT, and then sent to the cloud server as standard time series data. Finally, the proposed ELM forecasting model runs in the cloud server, and outputs the forecasting load demand for all the customers of electricity sales company. Experimental results show the efficiency of the proposed framework and ELM forecasting model.

Objective To investigate the CT and MR features of “inferior vena cava(IVC) reverse-flow” sign and “jet-blood” sign in Budd-Chiari Syndrome (BCS). Methods The liver CT and/or MRI plain scan and dynamic enhancement of 107 cases of BCS diagnosed by DSA and/or clinic were collected, including 17 patients with hepatic vein obstruction type, 79 patients with IVC obstruction type, and 11 patients with mixed type. The manifestations of IVC reverse-flow sign and jet-blood sign in the latter two type BCS (90cases) imaging were analyzed. Results 1) The incidence of IVC reverse-flow sign in the IVC obstruction type and mixed type was 93.3 %(83/90), which was manifested as: The contrast agent was shown below the level of renal veins in the hepatic arterial phase enhancement, while no contrast agent was shown above it at the same time. 2) The incidence of jet-blood sign in membrane-perforated subtype was 100 %(15/15) or 16.7 %(15/90), which was manifested as: The low density/signal dots appeared within full of contrast agent at the superior liver segment IVC on axial slices in arterial phase of CT/MRI enhancement, or the low signal line within agent presented above the IVC membrane on coronal image in equilibrium phase of MR enhancement. 3) Other imaging findings: 75 cases of membrane, 18 cases of membrane calcification, 27 cases of abnormal hepatic vein, 76 cases of abnormal structure of IVC, 18 cases of thrombus/cancer embolus in hepatic vein and/or IVC. There were 65 cases of abnormal liver appearance; 71 cases of abnormal liver enhancement; 21 cases of hepatic vein unsynchronous enhancement. Anastomotic branches among the hepatic veins open with comma sign in 54 cases; dilatation of intraspinal and paravertebral veins, azygos and hemiazygos veins in 90 cases(100 %, 90/90) or 96 cases(89.7 %, 96/107). Conclusions The “IVC reverse-flow” sign is a specific CT and MR sign of IVC type and mixed type BCS, and the “jet-blood” sign is a characteristic CT and MR sign of membrane-perforated subtype BCS.

Background Anthocyanins, which have important biological functions and have a beneficial effect on human health, notably account for pigmentation in purple-fleshed sweet potato tuberous roots. Individual regulatory factors of anthocyanin biosynthesis have been identified; however, the regulatory network of anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple-fleshed sweet potato is unclear. Results We functionally determined that IbMYB340 cotransformed with IbbHLH2 in tobacco and strawberry receptacles induced anthocyanin accumulation, and the addition of IbNAC56a or IbNAC56b caused increased pigmentation. Furthermore, we confirmed the interaction of IbMYB340 with IbbHLH2 and IbNAC56a or IbNAC56b via yeast two-hybrid and firefly luciferase complementation assays; these proteins could form a MYB340-bHLH2-NAC56a or MYB340-bHLH2-NAC56b transcriptional complex to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis by binding to the IbANS promoter rather than the IbUFGT promoter. Furthermore, it was found by a transient expression system in tobacco leaves that IbMYB44 could decrease anthocyanin accumulation. Moreover, the interaction of IbMYB44 with IbMYB340 and IbNAC56a or IbNAC56b was verified. This result suggested that IbMYB44 acts as a repressor of anthocyanin in sweet potato. Conclusions The repressor IbMYB44 affected anthocyanin biosynthesis by competitively inhibiting the IbMYB340-IbbHLH2-IbNAC56a or IbMYB340-IbbHLH2-IbNAC56b regulatory complex formation. Overall, the present study proposed a novel regulatory network whereby several vital TFs play key roles in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis, and it provides strong insight into the potential mechanism underlying anthocyanin biosynthesis in sweet potato tuberous roots with purple color.

Philadelphia chromosome-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph-like ALL or BCR-ABL1-like ALL) is a kind of acute leukemia which has the similar gene expression profiles and manifests the biological behavior same to Ph-positive ALL, but lacks the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene. Ph-like ALL was involved in multiple abnormal changes of genomes, activating kinase and cytokine receptor signaling. This review focuses on the progress of classical genetic abnormalities of PH-like ALL in the JAK-STAT signaling, ABL kinase activation, TKI resistance in Ph-like ALL, SH2B3 gene inactivating mutation and IKZF1 gene abnormality. Besides, also summarizes the frontier progress of novel gene mutation (ATF7IP exon 9 fused with PDGFRB exon 11, PDGFRBPh-like急性淋巴细胞白血病致病基因的研究进展.费城染色体样急性淋巴细胞白血病（Philadelphia chromosome-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia，Ph-like ALL或BCR-ABL1-like ALL）是指基因表达谱与Ph阳性ALL相似，但缺乏BCR-ABL1融合的一类急性白血病。Ph-like ALL涉及多种基因组，激活激酶和细胞因子受体信号的改变。本文将针对近几年Ph-like ALL在JAK-STAT通路异常激活，ABL激酶通路基因异常，TKI在Ph-like ALL中的抗性，SH2B3基因的失活性突变，IKZF1基因异常的研究进展作一总结。并就新型致病基因（ATF7IP外显子9和PDGFRB外显子11之间的融合，PDGFRB外显子11-23与AGGF1基因外显子1-6融合造成的PDGFRB

Background: Anthocyanins, which have important biological functions and have a beneficial effect on human health, notably account for pigmentation in purple-fleshed sweet potato tuberous roots. Individual regulatory factors of anthocyanin biosynthesis have been identified; however, the regulatory network of anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple-fleshed sweet potato is unclear. Results: We functionally determined that IbMYB340 cotransformed with IbbHLH2 in tobacco and strawberry receptacles induced anthocyanin accumulation, and the addition of IbNAC56a or IbNAC56b caused increased pigmentation. Furthermore, we confirmed the interaction of IbMYB340 with IbbHLH2 and IbNAC56a or IbNAC56b via yeast two-hybrid and firefly luciferase complementation assays; these proteins could form a MYB340-bHLH2-NAC56a or MYB340-bHLH2-NAC56b transcriptional complex to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis by binding to the IbANS promoter rather than the IbUFGT promoter. Furthermore, it was found by a transient expression system in tobacco leaves that IbMYB44 could decrease anthocyanin accumulation. Moreover, the interaction of IbMYB44 with IbMYB340 and IbNAC56a or IbNAC56b was verified. This result suggested that IbMYB44 acts as a repressor of anthocyanin in sweet potato.Conclusions: The repressor IbMYB44 affected anthocyanin biosynthesis by competitively inhibiting the IbMYB340-IbbHLH2-IbNAC56a or IbMYB340-IbbHLH2-IbNAC56b regulatory complex formation. Overall, the present study proposed a novel regulatory network whereby several vital TFs play key roles in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis, and it provides strong insight into the potential mechanism underlying anthocyanin biosynthesis in sweet potato tuberous roots with purple color.

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy causes long-term health problems in patients with sepsis. This review explores the pathogenesis of sepsis-associated encephalopathy, including its effects on the blood-brain barrier, microglia activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, the inflammatory medium and neurotransmitters and its roles in amino acid balance disorders, hyperammonemia, and intestinal flora imbalance. Understanding the etiology of sepsis-associated encephalopathy may allow the development of adjunctive therapies targeting its underlying mechanism and help develop preventative strategies.

In vitro evaluation techniques that address cellular interactions under dynamic circumstances are required for the development of advanced biomaterials. In this study, quartz crystal microbalance and dissipation (QCM-D) provided a surface sensitive technique that enabled real-time monitoring of the adhesion and spreading response of endothelial cells (ECs) and macrophages (MAs) to soluble-semaphoring 4D (SEMA4D)/heparin modified substratum. The high heparin and low SEMA4D of substratum promoted ECs adhering and spreading. However, surfaces with high SEMA4D and low heparin enhanced MA adhering and spreading. Furthermore, DF plots of QCM-D indicated that the adhering and spreading of MAs were mainly mediated via the ligand-receptor interaction of SEMA4D-CD72, while both adhering and spreading of ECs were mainly mediated via heparin-induced integrin binding. This study suggests that QCM-D combined with other appropriate methods can be utilized to explore the mechanisms for cellular interaction with biomaterial surfaces.

Ethylene (C2H4) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) play important physiological roles in regulating fruit ripening and senescence. The mechanism of H2S in ethylene-induced tomato fruit ripening and senescence is still unknown. Here, we show that exogenous H2S reduced the production of superoxide anion (·O2-), malondialdehyde (MDA), and H2O2 in tomato fruit. Further, additional H2S was found to induce the activities of guaiacol peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase compared with C2H4 treatment alone, whereas the activities of lipoxygenase, polyphenol oxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase were adversely affected. Moreover, the expression of the antioxidant-encoding genes SlAPX2, SlCAT1, SlPOD12, and SlCuZnSOD was generally up-regulated with C2H4-H2S cotreatment, compared with their expression after ethylene treatment. Thus, the present results suggest that exogenous H2S acts as a fruit-ripening regulator by antagonizing the effect of ethylene, thereby providing a potential application for H2S in the postharvest storage of fruit.

Many studies have shown that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is both detrimental and beneficial to animals and plants, whereas its effect on bacteria is not fully understood. Here, we report that H2S, released by sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), significantly inhibits the growth of Escherichia coli in a dose-dependent manner. Further studies have shown that H2S treatment stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreases glutathione (GSH) levels in E. coli, resulting in lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. H2S also inhibits the antioxidative enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) and induces the response of the SoxRS and OxyR regulons in E. coli. Moreover, pretreatment with the antioxidant ascorbic acid (AsA) could effectively prevent H2S-induced toxicity in E. coli. Taken together, our results indicate that H2S exhibits an antibacterial effect on E. coli through oxidative damage and suggest a possible application for H2S in water and food processing.

ZnO thin films were deposited using an electrodeposition method and porous morphologies could be achieved by annealing treatment. A variety of Ag nanoparticles were loaded on the surface of the ZnO thin films. Surface morphology, chemical composition, crystal phase and optical properties were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis spectrophotometer and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Evidence of Ag nanoparticles on the Ag-4/ZnO thin film was be verified by the SEM and XPS measurements. The XRD results indicated that the Ag nanoparticles had little effect on crystallinity of the thin films. The photoresponse and photocatalytic results indicated that the photocurrent and photocatalytic performance could be enhanced by moderate Ag nanoparticles modification on the surface of the ZnO thin film. The best photoresponse and photocatalytic activity in Ag-4/ZnO thin film results from the moderate Ag nanoparticles on the surface of ZnO thin film, which could enhanced separation and suppressed recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs.

As one of the most common liver disorders worldwide, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) begins with the abnormal accumulation of triglyceride (TG) in the liver and can lead to inflammation and fibrosis. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) NEAT1 was reported to promote NAFLD progress. However, its molecular mechanism in NAFLD was not fully clear. In vitro cellular model of NAFLD was established with BRL3A cell treated by free fatty acid (FFA). Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was carried out to assess cell proliferation. The expression of mRNA and protein of inflammation and fibrosis in BRL3A cell was detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Bioinformatics and dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to predict and validate the interaction between NEAT1 and miR-506 as well as GLI3 and miR-506. NEAT1 was upregulated while miR-506 was downregulated in the progression of NAFLD. Meanwhile, NEAT1 and miR-506 were proved to regulate fibrosis, inflammatory response, and lipid metabolism. Knockdown of NEAT1 inhibited GLI3 expression and promoted miR-506 expression, Overexpression of miR-506 inhibited NEAT1 and GLI3 expression. Moreover, dual-luciferase reporter assays proved that miR-506 could bind to NEAT1 and GLI3, whereas NEAT1 could sponge miR-506 to regulate GLI3 expression. lncRNA NEAT1 could regulate fibrosis, inflammatory response, and lipid metabolism via the miR-506/GLI3 axis as a ceRNA, which is a novel mechanistic role in the regulation of NAFLD. These results provide a new potential treatment target for NAFLD.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Amino acid sequence alignment of IbNACs and the NAC transcription factor PpBL (ALK27819.1) in peach (Prunus persica). Table S1. List of primers used for RT-qPCR. Table S2. The list of primers used for developing the constructs. Table S3. Protein sequences subjected to phylogenetic analysis and multiple sequence alignments.

In today's rapidly developing society, the traditional promotion and publicity of Chinese folk dance has been impacted to some extent. The new technology in the information age is unique. New media has played a more extensive role in promoting Chinese folk dance art, and has a good future development prospects. This paper aims to study the development and promotion of new technology in the information age in Chinese folk dance. Therefore, under the perfect integration of science and technology with Chinese folk dance art, extensive and accurate publicity effect is presented. The publicity form of Chinese folk dance is full of modern sense and flexibility. Find a new way for the development and promotion of Chinese folk dance.

The Zhumadian International Convention and Exhibition Center project is designed to create a “wind blowing wheat wave” architectural effect. The large cantilevered structure of the inner and outer ring adopts hyperboloid special-shaped aluminum alloy decorative grille curtain wall design, and the whole is in the shape of a streamer. The construction period is tight, the installation volume of the special-shaped grille curtain wall is large, the positioning is difficult, and the forming effect is not easy to control. After exploration and research, a special-shaped aluminum alloy decorative grille curtain wall assembly installation technology method has been formed. It innovatively solves a series of problems encountered in construction, and has achieved good economic and social benefits. It can provide a reference for similar projects and promote the application of aluminum alloy decorative grille curtain walls in construction projects.

Using excessively tilted fiber grating (Ex-TFG) inscribed in standard single mode fiber, we developed a novel label-free immunoassay for specific detection of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), which is a minim animal virus. Staphylococcal protein A (SPA) was used to modify the silanized fiber surface thus forming a SPA layer, which would greatly enhance the proportion of anti-PCV2 monoclonal antibody (MAb) bioactivity, thus improving the effectiveness of specific adsorption and binding events between anti-PCV2 MAbs and PCV2 antigens. Immunoassay experiments were carried out by monitoring the resonance wavelength shift of the proposed sensor under different PCV2 titer levels. Anti-PCV2 MAbs were thoroughly dissociated from the SPA layer by treatment with urea, and recombined to the SPA layer on the sensor surface for repeated immunoassay of PCV2. The specificity of the immunosensor was inspected by detecting porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) first, and PCV2 subsequently. The results showed a limit of detection (LOD) for the PCV2 immunosensor of ~9.371TCID50/mL, for a saturation value of ~4.801×10(3)TCID50/mL, with good repeatability and excellent specificity.

Rapid and effective repair of epithelial tissue is desirable for improving the success rate of operation and reducing postoperative complications. Hydrogel is a widely studied wound repair material, especially as a wound dressing for damaged epithelial tissue. Based on the catalytic effect of thrombin on fibrinogen, in this study, a three-dimensional fibrin gel which of adequate epithelial cell compatibility was constructed by using thrombin and fibrinogen under the cross-linking action of calcium ion. Immunofluorescence staining and hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining showed that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) was embedded in fibrin gel. Furthermore, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was used to induce BMSC to differentiate into CD31+ and vWF+ endothelial cell (EC) in fibrin gel. The results showed that the fibrin gel surface may effectively promote the adhesion and proliferation of EC and smooth muscle cell (SMC). After 15 days of culture, it was found that the BMSC embedded in the hydrogel had differentiated into EC. The results of in vivo skin wound experiment in rats further proved that the fibrin gel containing BMSC could promote wound healing and repair, and showed the potential to promote neovascularization at the injured site. The construction method of hydrogel materials proposed in this study has potential application value in the field of regenerative medicine.

Table S3. Summary of the high-density genetic map. Table S5. Basic information of transcriptomes de novo assembled by previous studies. (DOC 46 kb)

The effect of interfacial diffusion in post-deposition annealing on the electrical resistivity of AlFeSn alloy films was investigated for the first time. The microstructure of the film before and after annealing was characterized by Atomic Force Microscope and Transmission Electron Microscope. The temperature dependence of resistivity in the range from 30 to 300 K suggests the presence of electron localization in both as-deposited and annealed films. The electron localization in the as-deposited film could be attributed to structural discontinuity. However, the electron localization in the annealed samples could probably be attributed to the diffusion of Si atoms into the film. An electrical resistivity as low as 1.43 μΩ cm was achieved for a 60 nm thick sample, which is considerably lower than predicted and previously reported. We propose the supreme conductivity of the annealed films could be partly due to the contribution from the electron localization. Our results provide new insight into developing highly conductive metallic materials.

The effects of Ni addition on the crystallization temperature, apparent crystallization activation energy, nucleation and growth mechanism of melt-spun (Fe0.5Co0.5)73.5 − xNixSi13.5B9Nb3Cu (x = 0,2,4,5,8,10,15,20) alloys were investigated in this study. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) was used to analyze the microstructure, and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami (JMA) model were applied to analyze and compare the results of the crystallization processes. The experimental results showed that the best thermal stability of samples and the maximum value of apparent activation energy were gained at 4 at.% addition of Ni. With increasing the Ni addition, thermal stability of residual amorphous matrix and resistance to secondary crystallization gradually decreased. During the secondary crystallization process, nucleation process continued until the end of crystallization, and there are interaction effects among the thermal stability of the residual amorphous phase, resistance to crystallization and variation in nucleation rate.

Soluble semaphorin 4D (SEMA4D) is a 120 kDa transmembrane protein, which belongs to the semaphorin family of axon guidance molecules that act primarily axonal repellents. SEMA4D elicits its migration-promoting and immunomodulatory effects through activation of PLXNB1 and CD72, respectively. In this study, SEMA4D combined with heparin were adsorbed onto cationic surfaces. The biocompatibility evaluation results indicated that the SEMA4D-heparin-modified surfaces displayed less platelet adhesion and activation, prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT) and thrombin time (TT) and reduced fibrinogen gamma chain (FGG) exposure and fibrinogen adhesion. Additionally, endothelial cells (ECs) showed improved adhesion density and proliferation activity on the SEMA4D-heparin-modified surfaces. Chemotactic and haptotaxis assays indicated a highly guided migration for ECs on the modified surfaces. The immunological tests revealed that the SEMA4D-heparin complexes had a positive immunomodulatory effect on macrophages and promoted macrophages polarization into M2 phenotypes. Overall, the results suggested that the SEMA4D-heparin complexes can be a potential therapeutic agent to promote tissue healing and accelerate in situ endothelialization with minimal side effects and positive immunomodulatory effect.

In situ endothelialization, aiming to create implantation surfaces capable of self-endothelialization, seems to be an extremely promising solution, particularly on those blood-contacting surfaces. In this research study, we immobilized the soluble semaphorin 4D (SEMA4D) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) biomolecules together with heparin onto the metal-based biomaterial surfaces to achieve in situ endothelialization of modified samples both by stimulating the neighboring endothelial cells (ECs) migration and by capturing the circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) directly from the blood circulation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data demonstrate the successful immobilization of SEMA4D and CXCL12. Due to the presence of heparin, hemocompatibility was also improved after modification. Although EC migration was mainly mediated by SEMA4D with the coordination of CXCL12, EC proliferation and haptotaxis property were also enhanced, while EC chemotaxis was slightly suppressed because the further immobilization of CXCL12 influences the release of SEMA4D. The results of the ex vivo EPC capturing assay indicated the mobilization of CXCL12 promotes EPC adhesion. In vivo implantation further demonstrated that CXCL12 cooperates with SEMA4D to promote a process of in situ endothelialization.

Coronary artery disease is a great threat to human health and is the leading killer worldwide. Percutaneous coronary intervention is the most effective therapy; however, thrombus, and restenosis caused by endothelium injury continue to be problematic after treatment. It is widely accepted that surface biofunctional modification to improve blood compatibility and accelerate endothelialization may be an effective approach to prevent the occurrence of adverse cardiac events. In this study, novel VEGF-loaded heparin/poly-l-lysine (Hep/PLL) particles were developed and immobilized on a dopamine coated titanium surface. The size, distribution, zeta potential, and morphology of the prepared particles were subsequently characterized. The influence of changes in the surface physicochemical properties after particle immobilization was assessed for blood compatibility and cytocompatibility. Surface-modified VEGF-loaded particles significantly inhibited platelet adhesion and activation and were effective in promoting the proliferation and survival of endothelial progenitor cells and endothelial cells. Moreover, Hep/PLL particles were also beneficial for controlling the long-term release of VEGF, which may facilitate endothelium regeneration. In conclusion, VEGF-loaded Hep/PLL particles were successfully immobilized on the Ti surface, and the biocompatibility was significantly improved. This study demonstrates a potential application for the multifunctional modification of stent surfaces for clinical use. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 2024–2034, 2015.

With the rapid development of today's society, air pollution is becoming one of the hottest topics of humans’ concern. Looking at the daily life, some peoples’ awareness in the dangers of indoor air pollution and household gas safety is not enough, so it may lead to a number of respiratory diseases, or "sub-health" conditions. (Such as influenza, pharyngitis and other diseases) On the other hand, some families, because of a gas leak, has not been timely warning of fires and caused the tragedy. To solve these problems, this work is designed based on low-power microcontroller as the master chip HT32F1765 100LQFP between the various smart sensors and did data exchange with the home environment monitoring system. The HT chip use as the master chip and combined with using Sharp PM2.5 gas sensors, temperature and humidity sensors, gas concentration sensor as gas sensing devices. We use all these sensors as information collection module, to collect the data information of air quality, temperature, humidity and combustible gas concentration in different rooms and different locations. The real-time data acquisition and sensor would be displayed on the touch screen. In addition, the creation of data monitoring hardware devices, as well as match the mobile phone in APP. Our users can log on the APP remotely to view home monitoring information, or to receive alarm information.. Thus, adults can safely work outside, avoiding unnecessary worry.