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Power batteries play a vital role in electric vehicle (EV) industry. To evaluate their charging and discharging performance and achieve energy recovery, a power accumulator battery testing system (PABTS) based DC-microgrid (DC-MG) is proposed. However, during battery testing, frequent charging and discharging current test may endanger the stability of the PABTS DC-MG. Although, the traditional virtual inertia control (VIC) approach can stabilize the DC-bus voltage, its antiinterference ability is still limited. To solve this problem, an active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) based VIC control scheme is proposed, wherein the VIC approach provides virtual inertia for the system, and the ADRC is derived and modeled using the first-order virtual inertia equation. The external and uncertain internal disturbances in the system are considered for the total disturbance estimation. This disturbance is suppressed by feedback compensation, thereby greatly improving the system robustness. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed ADRC-VIC method is further verified by experimental results on the laboratory hardware prototype under different scenarios.

Tephrochlamys qinghaiensis sp. nov. (Figs. 3–7, 8–13) Diagnosis. Scutellum dark brown with brownish yellow posterior margin. Abdomen dark brown except apical margin of tergites 1–5 blackish and hypopygium partly dark yellow. Anterior postsutural dorsocentral bristle shorter than posterior two bristles. First dorsocentral bristle closer to 2 nd than to suture, with six rows of acrostichal bristles between them. Description. Male. Body length 7.0– 7.2 mm, wing length 7.2–7.4 mm. [Holotype J, body length 7.2 mm, wing length 7.4 mm] Head (Fig. 4–6) brownish yellow with yellowish pollen; ocellar triangle blackish, occiput more or less blackish at middle. Eyes reddish brown. Hairs and bristles on head black, hairs rather short. 2 orbital bristles much shorter than ocellar bristles, anterior one almost as long as posterior one; 2 long vertical bristles. 2 very long ocellar bristles nearly as long as vertical bristles, 2 short postocellar bristles crossed apically and distinctly shorter than ocellar bristles. Antenna brownish yellow except first flagellomere dark yellow, almost as long as head height; scape with black dorsal hairs at tip; pedicel with numerous short scattered bristles, and with circlet of black hairs, 1 black dorsal bristle, several black ventral bristles at tip. First flagellomere long and oval, 1.2 times (exact ratios present in both the holotype and paratypes) longer than wide; arista dark brown with brownish yellow basal segment, short plumose, 3.1 times (exact ratios present in both the holotype and paratypes) longer than first flagellomere. Proboscis brownish yellow with brown bristles; palpus dark yellow with black hairs and 3 black ventral bristles. Thorax (Fig. 6) dark brown with yellowish pollen; scutellum brown. Hairs and bristles on thorax black. 1 humeral bristle and a few sparse bristles on humerus; 3 postsutural dorsocentral bristles, anterior one shorter than posterior two, first dorsocentral bristle closer to 2 nd than to suture, with six rows of acrostichal bristles between them; 1 presutural bristle; 2 notoplerual bristles; 1 intra-alar bristle, 1 supra-alar bristle, 1 postalar bristle. Scutellum rounded apically, with 2 pairs of scutellar bristles; katepisternum and propleuron each with 1 bristle. Legs mostly brownish yellow; fore coxa yellow, mid and hind coxae dark brownish yellow; fore femur dark brown and hind femur brown except extreme base and apex more or less dark yellow; all tibiae brown, but widely brownish yellow at middle; all tarsomeres 4–5 dark brown. Hairs and bristles on legs black. All femora slightly thickened. Fore femur with an irregular row of 6–8 long posterodorsal bristles and a row of 6–7 long posteroventral bristles. Fore and hind tibiae each with 1 slightly short thick ventral apical bristle and 1 slightly short thick dorsal apical bristle. Mid tibia with 1 long thick ventral apical bristle and 1 short dorsal apical bristle. Wing (Fig. 7) nearly hyaline, slightly brownish, veins brown except anterior veins brownish yellow; veins r-m and dm-cu with brownish spots not obvious; posterior cell with brownish apical stripes not obvious; R 2+3 and R 4+5 distinctly bent, A 2 reaching margin; Costa with costal spines near subcostal break. Squama and axillary lobe nearly hyaline with brown hairs. Halteres pale yellow with brownish yellow base. Abdomen dark brown with yellowish pollen except apical margin of tergites 1–5 black and hypopygium mostly dark brown and partly dark yellow. Hairs and bristles on abdomen black; tergites 1–5 with long thick bristles at posterior margin and sternites 2–5 with short thick bristles at posterior margin. Male genitalia (Fig. 8–13): Cercus symmetrical and large, apically rounded, pale yellow, 1.9 times longer than basal wide. Epandrium sparsely with black thick bristles different in length. Hypandrium symmetrical. Surstylus almost triangular in lateral view, 1.8 times longer than wide, apically with distinctly thickened obtuse process. Distiphallus short. Female. Unknown. Type material. Holotype J, Qinghai, Huzhu, Baimuxia, Jianchazhan, [37°0'7"N, 102°7'15"E], 3060 m, 2021. VI. 30, Wei Zeng (CAU). Paratypes 3J, same data as holotype (CAU). Distribution. China (Qinghai). Remarks. The new species is similar to T. laeta Meigen, but may be separated from the latter by the following features: (1) body longer (body length 7.0– 7.2 mm); (2) six rows of acrostichal bristles. In T. laeta, the body is shorter (3.5–4.0 mm), and four rows of acrostichal bristles are present between the postsutural dorsocentral bristles. Etymology. The specific name refers to the type locality Qinghai., Published as part of Zeng, Wei, Xu, Xingnong & Yang, Ding, 2023, Subfamily Heteromyzinae newly recorded from China with description of one new species (Diptera: Heleomyzidae), pp. 293-298 in Zootaxa 5264 (2) on pages 294-295, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5264.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/7836558

An Updated Key to Palaearctic species of Tephrochlamys (modified from Okadome, 1997) 1. Anterior orbital bristle very weak.............................................................. T. steniusi Frey - Anterior orbital bristle normal........................................................................... 2 2. Wings with brownish tinge, distinctly clouded along costal vein................................ T. japonica Okadome - Wings hyaline, not clouded along costal vein............................................................... 3 3. Face very short and concave; edge of mouth raised above oral vibrissal axis; male anterior tarsus broadened................................................................................................ T. tarsalis (Zetterstedt) - Face, edge of mouth and male anterior tarsus not so described above............................................. 4 4. First dorsocentral bristle closer to 2 nd dorsocentral bristle than to suture......................... T. flavipes (Zetterstedt) - First dorsocentral bristle closer to suture than to 2 nd dorsocentral bristle.......................................... 5 5. First dorsocentral bristle shorter than posterior dorsocentral bristle.............................................. 6 - First dorsocentral bristle as long as posterior dorsocentral bristle................................................ 7 6. Body length 3.5–4.0 mm; hairs between postsutural dorsocentral in four rows........................ T. laeta (Meigen) - Body length 7.0– 7.2 mm; hairs between postsutural dorsocentral in six rows.......... Tephrochlamys qinghaiensis sp. nov. 7. Acrostichal hairs in four rows; third antennal segment yellowish brown; costal spines inconspicuous... T. ezoensis Okadome - Acrostichal hairs more than four rows; third antennal segment reddish brown; costal spines short, but conspicuous........................................................................................... T. rufiventris (Meigen), Published as part of Zeng, Wei, Xu, Xingnong & Yang, Ding, 2023, Subfamily Heteromyzinae newly recorded from China with description of one new species (Diptera: Heleomyzidae), pp. 293-298 in Zootaxa 5264 (2) on page 295, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5264.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/7836558, {"references":["Okadome, T. (1997) Description of a new species of the Tephrochlamys Loew (Diptera, Heleomyzidae) from a nest of the Black Woodpecker in Hokkaido, Japan, with a key to the known Palaearctic species. Medical Entomology and Zoology, 48 (4), 311 - 313. https: // doi. org / 10.7601 / mez. 48.311"]}

Tephrochlamys qinghaiensis sp. nov. (Figs. 3–7, 8–13) Diagnosis. Scutellum dark brown with brownish yellow posterior margin. Abdomen dark brown except apical margin of tergites 1–5 blackish and hypopygium partly dark yellow. Anterior postsutural dorsocentral bristle shorter than posterior two bristles. First dorsocentral bristle closer to 2 nd than to suture, with six rows of acrostichal bristles between them. Description. Male. Body length 7.0– 7.2 mm, wing length 7.2–7.4 mm. [Holotype J, body length 7.2 mm, wing length 7.4 mm] Head (Fig. 4–6) brownish yellow with yellowish pollen; ocellar triangle blackish, occiput more or less blackish at middle. Eyes reddish brown. Hairs and bristles on head black, hairs rather short. 2 orbital bristles much shorter than ocellar bristles, anterior one almost as long as posterior one; 2 long vertical bristles. 2 very long ocellar bristles nearly as long as vertical bristles, 2 short postocellar bristles crossed apically and distinctly shorter than ocellar bristles. Antenna brownish yellow except first flagellomere dark yellow, almost as long as head height; scape with black dorsal hairs at tip; pedicel with numerous short scattered bristles, and with circlet of black hairs, 1 black dorsal bristle, several black ventral bristles at tip. First flagellomere long and oval, 1.2 times (exact ratios present in both the holotype and paratypes) longer than wide; arista dark brown with brownish yellow basal segment, short plumose, 3.1 times (exact ratios present in both the holotype and paratypes) longer than first flagellomere. Proboscis brownish yellow with brown bristles; palpus dark yellow with black hairs and 3 black ventral bristles. Thorax (Fig. 6) dark brown with yellowish pollen; scutellum brown. Hairs and bristles on thorax black. 1 humeral bristle and a few sparse bristles on humerus; 3 postsutural dorsocentral bristles, anterior one shorter than posterior two, first dorsocentral bristle closer to 2 nd than to suture, with six rows of acrostichal bristles between them; 1 presutural bristle; 2 notoplerual bristles; 1 intra-alar bristle, 1 supra-alar bristle, 1 postalar bristle. Scutellum rounded apically, with 2 pairs of scutellar bristles; katepisternum and propleuron each with 1 bristle. Legs mostly brownish yellow; fore coxa yellow, mid and hind coxae dark brownish yellow; fore femur dark brown and hind femur brown except extreme base and apex more or less dark yellow; all tibiae brown, but widely brownish yellow at middle; all tarsomeres 4–5 dark brown. Hairs and bristles on legs black. All femora slightly thickened. Fore femur with an irregular row of 6–8 long posterodorsal bristles and a row of 6–7 long posteroventral bristles. Fore and hind tibiae each with 1 slightly short thick ventral apical bristle and 1 slightly short thick dorsal apical bristle. Mid tibia with 1 long thick ventral apical bristle and 1 short dorsal apical bristle. Wing (Fig. 7) nearly hyaline, slightly brownish, veins brown except anterior veins brownish yellow; veins r-m and dm-cu with brownish spots not obvious; posterior cell with brownish apical stripes not obvious; R 2+3 and R 4+5 distinctly bent, A 2 reaching margin; Costa with costal spines near subcostal break. Squama and axillary lobe nearly hyaline with brown hairs. Halteres pale yellow with brownish yellow base. Abdomen dark brown with yellowish pollen except apical margin of tergites 1–5 black and hypopygium mostly dark brown and partly dark yellow. Hairs and bristles on abdomen black; tergites 1–5 with long thick bristles at posterior margin and sternites 2–5 with short thick bristles at posterior margin. Male genitalia (Fig. 8–13): Cercus symmetrical and large, apically rounded, pale yellow, 1.9 times longer than basal wide. Epandrium sparsely with black thick bristles different in length. Hypandrium symmetrical. Surstylus almost triangular in lateral view, 1.8 times longer than wide, apically with distinctly thickened obtuse process. Distiphallus short. Female. Unknown. Type material. Holotype J, Qinghai, Huzhu, Baimuxia, Jianchazhan, [37°0'7"N, 102°7'15"E], 3060 m, 2021. VI. 30, Wei Zeng (CAU). Paratypes 3J, same data as holotype (CAU). Distribution. China (Qinghai). Remarks. The new species is similar to T. laeta Meigen, but may be separated from the latter by the following features: (1) body longer (body length 7.0– 7.2 mm); (2) six rows of acrostichal bristles. In T. laeta, the body is shorter (3.5–4.0 mm), and four rows of acrostichal bristles are present between the postsutural dorsocentral bristles. Etymology. The specific name refers to the type locality Qinghai.

Tephrochlamys Loew, 1862 Tephrochlamys Loew, 1862: 128. Type species: Tephrochlamys rufiventris Meigen, 1830. Tephrochlamys: Aldrich & Darlington, 1908: 71. Czerny, 1924: 85; 1927: 26. Collin, 1943: 241. Diagnosis. Humeral bristle present. Three pairs of dorsocentral bristles, but dorsocentral bristle before suture absent. First vein of wing ending at or very near level of anterior crossvein (Gill, 1962; Wallace, 1947). Middle tibia with a single ventral apical bristle. Tergite and sternite 6 symmetrical, often macrotrichose (Woźnica & Kirk-Spriggs, 2021). Phallapodeme free, not fused to hypandrium (Woźnica & Kirk-Spriggs, 2021). Remarks. This genus is similar to Tephrochlaena, but may be separated from the latter by the dorsocentral bristle present before suture. In Tephrochlaena, the dorsocentral bristle before suture is present (Papp, 1998; Lo Giudice & Woźnica, 2020)., Published as part of Zeng, Wei, Xu, Xingnong & Yang, Ding, 2023, Subfamily Heteromyzinae newly recorded from China with description of one new species (Diptera: Heleomyzidae), pp. 293-298 in Zootaxa 5264 (2) on page 294, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5264.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/7836558, {"references":["Loew, H. (1862) Ueber die europaischen Helomyzidae und die in Schlesien vorkommenden Arten derselen. Zeitschrift fur Entomologie, 13 (1859), 1 - 80.","Meigen, J. W. (1830) Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europaischen zweiflugeligen Insekten. Schulzische Buchhandlung, Hamm, xi + 401 pp.","Aldrich, J. M. & Darlington, P. S. (1908) The dipterous family Helomyzidae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 34, 67 - 100.","Czerny, L. (1924) Monographie der Helomyziden. Verhandlungen des Zoologisch-Botanischen Vereins in Wien, 15 (1), 1 - 166.","Czerny, L. (1927) Helomyzidae, Trichoscelidae, und Chiromyidae. In: Lindner, E. (ed.). Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region, 22 (53), 1 - 56.","Collin, J. E. (1943) The British species of Helomyzidae. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 12, 106 - 113, 293.","Gill, G. D. (1962) The heleomyzid flies of America north of Mexico (Diptera: Heleomyzidae). Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 113 (3465), 495 - 603. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.113 - 3465.495","Wallace, C. H. (1947) Further notes on the Heleomyzidae (Diptera). Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation, 59, 45 - 46.","Woznica, A. J. & Kirk-Spriggs, A. H. (2021) Kirk-Spriggs, A. H. & Sinclair, B. J. (Eds.), Manual of Afrotropical Diptera. Vol. 3. Brachycera - Cyclorrhapha, excluding Calyptratae. Suricata 8. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, pp. 2131 - 2144.","Papp, L. (1998) Families of Heleomyzoidea. In: Papp, L. & Darvas, B. (Eds.), Contribution to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera (with special reference to flies of economic importance) Higher Brachycera. Vol. 3. Science Herald, Budapest, pp. 425 - 455.","Lo Giudice, G. & Woznica, A. J. (2020) Revision of the genus Tephrochlaena, with a key to genera of Palaearctic Heteromyzinae (Diptera: Heleomyzidae). Zootaxa, 4820 (1), 165 - 176. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4820.1.8"]}

Objective This study aimed to explore the relationship between the sarcopenia index (SI) and the risk of pneumonia in hospitalized patients with acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS). Study design We have performed a retrospective study of individuals with AWS from a teaching hospital in western China. Patients' data were retrieved from the medicinal record databases. Patients' primary (upon admission) blood serum creatinine (Cr) and cystatin C (CysC) levels were incorporated into the records. Participants were separated into low and high SI cohorts based on the three-quarter digit of SI (SI = serum Cr/serum CysC ratio × 100). The association between SI and the risk of pneumonia in hospitalized patients with AWS was assessed by logistic regression analysis. Result Three hundred and twelve patients with acute AWS were included in this retrospective analysis. Among hospitalized patients with acute AWS, the incidence of pneumonia was 13.78%. The average median age of acute AWS patients with pneumonia was 55.28 (10.65) years, and the mean age of acute AWS individuals without pneumonia was 51.23 (10.08) years. In the univariate analysis, the high SI group (SI > 87.91) had a lower incidence of pneumonia than the low SI group (SI ≤ 87.91) (high SI vs. low SI, 6.41% vs. 16.24%, p = 0.029). Further logistic regression analysis showed that the high SI group demonstrated a poorer risk of pneumonia (OR = 0.353, 95%CI: 0.134–0.932, p = 0.036). After adjusting for possible confounders, the risk of pneumonia remained low in the high SI group (OR = 0.358, 95%CI: 0.132–0.968, p = 0.043). Conclusion Our results showed that SI was linked with the risk of pneumonia in hospitalized individuals with acute AWS. We further suggest that it could be a pneumonia risk factor, especially in medical centers where sarcopenia diagnosis is unavailable.

Singing voice transcription converts recorded singing audio to musical notation. Sound contamination (such as accompaniment) and lack of annotated data make singing voice transcription an extremely difficult task. We take two approaches to tackle the above challenges: 1) introducing multimodal learning for singing voice transcription together with a new multimodal singing dataset, N20EMv2, enhancing noise robustness by utilizing video information (lip movements to predict the onset/offset of notes), and 2) adapting self-supervised learning models from the speech domain to the singing voice transcription task, significantly reducing annotated data requirements while preserving pretrained features. We build a self-supervised learning based audio-only singing voice transcription system, which not only outperforms current state-of-the-art technologies as a strong baseline, but also generalizes well to out-of-domain singing data. We then develop a self-supervised learning based video-only singing voice transcription system that detects note onsets and offsets with an accuracy of about 80\%. Finally, based on the powerful acoustic and visual representations extracted by the above two systems as well as the feature fusion design, we create an audio-visual singing voice transcription system that improves the noise robustness significantly under different acoustic environments compared to the audio-only systems.

Pictorial visualization seamlessly integrates data and semantic context into visual representation, conveying complex information in a manner that is both engaging and informative. Extensive studies have been devoted to developing authoring tools to simplify the creation of pictorial visualizations. However, mainstream works mostly follow a retrieving-and-editing pipeline that heavily relies on retrieved visual elements from a dedicated corpus, which often compromise the data integrity. Text-guided generation methods are emerging, but may have limited applicability due to its predefined recognized entities. In this work, we propose ChartSpark, a novel system that embeds semantic context into chart based on text-to-image generative model. ChartSpark generates pictorial visualizations conditioned on both semantic context conveyed in textual inputs and data information embedded in plain charts. The method is generic for both foreground and background pictorial generation, satisfying the design practices identified from an empirical research into existing pictorial visualizations. We further develop an interactive visual interface that integrates a text analyzer, editing module, and evaluation module to enable users to generate, modify, and assess pictorial visualizations. We experimentally demonstrate the usability of our tool, and conclude with a discussion of the potential of using text-to-image generative model combined with interactive interface for visualization design.

A bamboo shoot is the immature stem of the woody grass and a nutritious and popular vegetable in East Asia. However, it undergoes a rapid xylogenesis process right after harvest, even being stored in a cold chamber. To investigate the molecular regulation mechanisms of xylogenesis in Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) shoots (MBSes) during cold storage, the measurement of cell wall polymers (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) and related enzyme activities (phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), peroxidase (POD), and xylan xylosyltransferase (XylT)) and transcriptomic analysis were performed during cold storage. It was noticed that cellulose and lignin contents increased, while hemicellulose content exhibited a downward trend. PAL, CAD, and POD activity presented an upward trend generally in MBS when stored at 4 °C for 16 days. XylT activity showed a descending trend during the stages of storage, but slightly increased during the 8th to 12th days after harvest at 4 °C. Transcriptomic analysis identified 72, 28, 44, and 31 functional unigenes encoding lignin, cellulose, xylan biosynthesis enzymes, and transcription factors (TFs), respectively. Many of these secondary cell wall (SCW)-related genes showed higher expression levels in the later period of cold storage. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of the selected genes conformed to the expression pattern. Our study provides a comprehensive analysis of MBS secondary wall biosynthesis at the molecular level during the cold storage process. The results give insight into the xylogenesis process of this economically important vegetable and shed light on solving this problem of the post-harvest industry.

The degree of collocational knowledge influences learners’ competence in the production of L2 speech and text. However, collocation learning is complex because learners might co-produce words incor...

The development of enantioselective desymmetrization of para-quinamines with isocyanates catalyzed by chiral phosphoric acid is reported. The strategy provides concise access to functionalized imidazolidin-2-one derivatives in high yields and enantioselectivities under mild reaction conditions. Remarkably, this reaction could be performed on a gram scale using 5 mol % catalyst loading and the chiral imidazolidin-2-one derivatives could be easily transformed into valuable scaffolds without disturbing the enantiopurity, demonstrating the synthetic utility of this protocol.

Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) is a well-known food and medicinal plant. Lotus seedpod (Receptaculum Nelumbinis) is the by-products during lotus products processing, which is considered as waste. Numerous studies have been conducted on its phytochemicals, biological activity and industrial application. However, the information on lotus seedpod is scattered and has been rarely summarized. In this review, summaries on preparation and identification of phytochemicals, the biological activities of extracts and phytochemicals, and applications of raw material, extracts and phytochemicals for lotus seedpod were made. Meanwhile, the future study trend was proposed. Recent evidence indicated that lotus seedpods extracts, obtained by non-organic and organic solvents, possessed several activities, which were influenced by extraction solvents and methods. Lotus seedpods were rich in phytochemicals categorized as different chemical groups, such as proanthocyanidins, oligomeric procyanidins, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, etc. These phytochemicals exhibited various bioactivities, including ameliorating cognitive impairment, antioxidation, antibacterial, anti-glycative, neuroprotection, anti-tyrosinase and other activities. Raw material, extracts and phytochemicals of lotus seedpods could be utilized as sources for biochar and biomass material, in food industry and as dye. This review gives well-understanding on lotus seedpod, and provides theoretical basis for its future research and application.

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication which threatens the survival of mothers and fetuses. It originates from abnormal placentation, especially insufficient fusion of the cytotrophoblast cells to form the syncytiotrophoblast. In this study, we found that THBS1, a matricellular protein that mediates cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions, is downregulated during the fusion of primary cytotrophoblast and BeWo cells, but upregulated in the placenta of pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia. Also, THBS1 was observed to interact with CD36, a membrane signal receptor and activator of the cAMP signaling pathway, to regulate the fusion of cytotrophoblast cells. Overexpression of THBS1 inhibited the cAMP signaling pathway and reduced the BeWo cells fusion ratio, while the effects of THBS1 were abolished by a CD36-blocking antibody. Our results suggest that THBS1 signals through a CD36-mediated cAMP pathway to regulate syncytialization of the cytotrophoblast cells, and that its upregulation impairs placental formation to cause preeclampsia. Thus, THBS1 can serve as a therapeutic target regarding the mitigation of abnormal syncytialization and preeclampsia.

Two states of aluminum alloy material 7B04 T651 and 7B04 T74 using C-ring specimen were selected to carry out stress corrosion simulation test with different stress levels, corrosion concentrations and time, and the fracture morphology of the crack was observed and analyzed by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that 7B04-T74 alloy was insensitive to stress corrosion and was not prone to stress corrosion cracking under constant tensile stress lower than 432MPa; The stress corrosion cracking time of 7B04 T651 alloy under three different concentrations has no significant difference, and the stress corrosion cracking occurs within 7 days under the stress of 180MPa-432MPa. The time of stress corrosion cracking increased with the decrease of stress. Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) was very sensitive to Cl element, and it was also easy to produce SCC when the concentration of corrosive medium was low, the threshold value of corrosion cracking was about 108 MPa. SEM and EDS analysis showed that the fracture surface was intergranular, mud-like corrosion products, and secondary cracks. At the same time, the matrix grain boundaries were weakened by Cl element.

A crack is found on the surface of stainless steel casting support. The crack was analyzed by macro and micro observation of fracture surface, Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) analysis, chemical analysis, microstructure examination and hardness test. Moreover, the stress distribution was simulated by finite element analysis. The results show that the crack model of the support is stress corrosion. The stress at the crack location is the largest. Three main factors of stress corrosion were the crack of paint layer, marine atmospheric environment and the pretightening force for the support. Because the service environment cannot be changed, therefore, surface paint protective effect and reduction of preload can be improved to avoid stress corrosion cracking again on the support.

Three stator cooling jacket concepts, including a new cooling jacket concept with parallel straight spiral channels, are evaluated for electric machine of mild hybrid electric car. Steady-state cooling jacket thermal flow analysis and transient-state full motor simulations with circumferential, axial, and spiral jacket concepts are carried out to predict their heat transfer performance and temperature distribution. A prototype motor has been made with the new jacket concept. Infrared thermography is performed to detect the transient temperature distribution of the motor stator windings and laminations for validation of the thermal flow analysis.

This paper proposed a new probabilistic Bi-plane cellular automaton (CA) model to simulate the localized pitting corrosion of stayed cables. The CA model introduced chloride ions and their evolution rules to take into account the local acidification catalysis is in microscopic scale. Besides, a Monte Carlo approach is adopted to analyze the statistical properties of corrosion pit size and their variation with respect to time. The proposed CA model is confirmed by several published experiments on pitting corrosion. It is capable to reproduce the experimental observations and enlarge the sample space for subsequent mechanical analysis.

6. Oedalea yangi sp. nov. (Figs 22–28) Diagnosis. Palpus brown. Antenna 1.8 times as long as head, dark brown except scape blackish; first flagellomere 12.0 times longer than wide. Hairs on mesonotum dense, acr narrowly separated from dc on anterior 3/5. Pterostigma short and wide, trapezoidal, oblique at outer margin. Halter yellow. Description. Male (Fig. 22). Body length 3.85 mm, wing length 4.0 mm. Head (Fig. 23) 0.7 mm, black with gray pollinosity. Eyes brownish black, contiguous on frons; clypeus shiny black. Hairs and bristles on head black, except lower occiput with yellow hairs. Ocellar tubercle distinct with 2 oc and 2 short posterior hairs; upper occiput with 5–6 slightly long postocular bristles slightly curved forward and inward. Antenna very long, 1.8 times as long as head, dark brown, except scape blackish; scape with black dorsal bristles; pedicel with circlet of black apical bristles; first flagellomere very elongated, 12.0 times longer than wide, short dark brown pubescent; stylus dark brown, nearly spine-like, about as long as basal width of first flagellomere. Proboscis 0.9 times as long as head height, dark brownish yellow with black hairs; palpus dark brown with black hairs. Thorax subshiny black with thin gray pollinosity, except postalar calli dark yellow. Hairs on thorax short, pale yellow, bristles brownish yellow; hairs on mesonotum uniformly short and dense; ppn absent; acr and dc multiseriate, acr narrowly separated from dc, but posteriorly not separated; 2 npl (anterior one short, posterior one long and brown), 1 psa, 1 very long prsc dc; 3 pairs of sc. Legs yellow, except hind femur deeply yellow, hind tibia blackish except base and tarsi from apex of tarsomere 1 blackish onward. Fore tibia slightly thickened, hind tibia slightly curved. Hairs and bristles on legs blackish; coxae with dark yellow and brownish yellow hairs and bristles. Fore femur slightly thickened, 1.4 times as wide as mid femur; hind femur distinctly thickened, 3.1 times as wide as mid femur, with about four rows of black ventral spine-like bristles apically (outer av and pv rather long). Wing (Fig. 24) nearly hyaline, slightly brownish above discal cell and M 1; dark brown pterostigma short and wide, trapezoidal, oblique at outer margin; veins dark brown, R 2+3 distinctly curved beneath pterostigma, M 2 complete. Squama dark yellow with dark yellow hairs. Halter yellow. Abdomen apically weakly curved downward, somewhat shiny blackish with gray pollinosity. Hypopygium narrower than pregenital segments. Hairs and bristles on abdomen dark yellow, except those on hypopygium blackish. Hypopygium distinctly narrower than pregenital segments. Terminalia (Figs 25–28): Left and right cerci (Fig. 25) digitiform, apically slightly narrowed. Basal bridge of epandrium (Fig. 25) narrow; left and right epandrial lamellae (Fig. 25) wide and not narrowed apically (dorsal view). Right epandrial lamella (Fig. 27) trapezoidal (lateral view); right surstylus 1.5 times longer than wide, apically slightly curved ventrally. Left epandrial lamella (Fig. 26) trapezoidal (lateral view); left surstylus 1.1 times longer than wide, widened apically with apical margin obliquely incised (lateral view). Hypandrium (Fig. 28) much longer than wide, apically without lateral incision. Female. Unknown. Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂, Tibet, Linzhi, Pailong, Laoqiao [30°2′33″N, 95°0′35″E, 2177 m], 2019.IV.26, Qicheng Yang (CAU). Distribution. China (Tibet). Remarks. The new species is somewhat similar to O. longicornis Frey, but may be separated from the latter by the following features: antenna 1.8 times as long as head, palpus brown to black. In O. longicornis, the antenna is 1.5 times as long as head height and the palpus is yellowish. Etymology. The species is named after the collector, Mr. Qicheng Yang (Wuhan).

2. Oedalea linzhiensis sp. nov. (Figs 1–7) Diagnosis. Palpus brown. Antenna 1.3 times as long as head, dark brown, except scape blackish; first flagellomere 7.2 times longer than wide. Hairs on mesonotum somewhat sparse, acr separated distinctly from dc on anterior 3/5. Pterostigma short and wide, trapezoidal, more oblique at outer margin. Halter with dark brown knob and brown stem. Right surstylus about twice longer than basal width; left surstylus nearly quadrate, nearly as long as wide, with slightly concave upper margin. Description. Male (Fig. 1). Body length 3.8–3.9 mm, wing length 3.2–3.3 mm. Head (Fig. 2) height 0.6 mm, black with gray short pollinosity. Eyes brownish black, contiguous on frons; clypeus shiny black. Hairs and bristles on head black, lower occiput with black and brownish yellow hairs. Ocellar tubercle distinct with 2 oc and 2 posterior hairs; upper occiput with 5–6 long postocular bristles slightly curved forward and inward. Antenna 1.3 times as long as head, dark brown, except scape blackish; scape with black dorsal bristles; pedicel with circlet of black apical bristles; first flagellomere greatly elongated, 7.2 times longer than wide, short dark brown pubescent; stylus dark brown, nearly spine-like, 2/3 as long as basal width of first flagellomere. Proboscis 0.6 times as long as head height, pale brownish yellow with black hairs; palpus pale brownish yellow with black hairs. Thorax subshiny black with thin gray pollinosity. Hairs on thorax short, pale yellow except those on pronotum dark brown, bristles brown to dark brown; hairs on mesonotum somewhat sparse; ppn absent; acr and dc multiseriate, acr distinctly separated from dc on anterior 3/5, but postsutural not separated; 2 npl (anterior one short, posterior one long), 1 psa, 1 long prsc dc; 3 pairs of sc. Legs pale yellow to brownish yellow, except hind tibia blackish on apical 2/3; tarsi from apex of tarsomere 1 blackish onward. Fore tibia slightly thickened, hind tibia slightly curved. Hairs and bristles on legs blackish; coxae with brown hairs and bristles. Fore femur slightly thickened, 1.2 times as wide as mid femur; hind femur distinctly thickened, 3.0 times as wide as mid femur, with about four rows of black, ventral spine-like bristles apically (outer av and pv rather long). Wing (Fig. 3) nearly hyaline, faintly brown above discal cell and M 1; dark brown pterostigma short and wide, trapezoidal, more oblique at outer margin, reaching R 2+3 posteriorly; veins dark brown, R 2+3 distinctly curved around pterostigma, M 2 complete. Squama dark yellow with dark yellow hairs. Halter with dark brown knob and brown base. Abdomen nearly straight, somewhat shiny blackish with gray pollinosity, except segments 1–4 dark brown. Hairs and bristles on abdomen dark yellow, except those on apex blackish. Hypopygium distinctly narrower than pregenital segments. Terminalia (Figs 4–7): Left and right cerci (Fig. 4) digitiform, apically slightly narrowed. Basal bridge of epandrium (Fig. 4) somewhat wide; left and right epandrial lamellae (Fig. 4) broad. Right epandrial lamella (Fig. 6) subrectangular (lateral view); right surstylus about twice longer than wide, apically slightly curved ventrally. Left epandrial lamella (Fig. 5) trapezoidal (lateral view); left surstylus nearly quadrate, nearly as long as wide, with slightly concave apical margin (lateral view). Hypandrium (Fig. 7) much longer than wide, apically with large lateral incision. Female. Unknown. Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂, Tibet, Linzhi, Pailong, Laoqiao [30°2′33″N, 95°0′35″E, 2177 m], 2019.IV.26, Qicheng Yang (CAU). PARATYPE: 1 ♂, same data as holotype (CAU). Distribution. China (Tibet). Remarks. The new species is somewhat similar to O. vietnamensis, but may be separated from the latter by the following features: first flagellomere 7.2 times longer than wide; pedicel and first flagellomere dark brown, scape blackish (first flagellomere yellowish brown, paler than brownish scape and pedicel in O. vietnamensis); pterostigma shorter, trapezoidal, more oblique at outer margin; mesonotum with black bristles (yellow bristles in O. vietnamensis); base of halter brown (yellow in O. vietnamensis). This new species may be easily separated from Oedalea yangi sp. nov. by the antenna rather short, 1.3 times longer than head height (antenna 1.8 times as long as head height in O. yangi sp. nov.); first flagellomere 7.2 times longer than wide (first flagellomere 12.0 times longer than wide in O. yangi sp. nov.); halter dark brown with brown base (halter yellow in O. yangi sp. nov.). Etymology. The specific name refers to the type locality Linzhi district., Published as part of Zeng, Wei, Lin, Chen & Yang, Ding, 2022, Four new species of Oedalea (Diptera, Empidoidea, Hybotidae, Oedaleinae) from China with a key to south eastern Asian species, pp. 553-567 in Zootaxa 5141 (6) on pages 554-557, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5141.6.2, http://zenodo.org/record/6598002

4. Oedalea wenliangi sp. nov. (Figs 8–14) Diagnosis. Antenna very long, 1.7 times longer than head height, dark brown except scape blackish. Hairs on mesonotum somewhat dense, acr separated distinctly from dc before suture; bristles brownish yellow, 1 very long prsc. Pterostigma short and wide, nearly rectangular, straight at outer margin. Halter brown. Left surstylus distinctly widened apically. Description. Male. Body length 3.9–4.0 mm, wing length 3.9 mm. Head (Fig. 9) 0.6 mm, black with gray pollinosity. Eyes brownish black, contiguous on frons; clypeus shiny black. Hairs and bristles on head black, lower occiput with partly brownish yellow hairs. Ocellar tubercle distinct with 2 oc and 2 posterior hairs; upper occiput with 5–6 slightly long postocular bristles slightly curved forward and inward. Antenna very long, 1.7 times longer than head height, dark brown except scape blackish; pedicel with circlet of black apical bristles; first flagellomere greatly elongated, 9.2 times longer than wide, with short dark brown pubescence; stylus dark brown, thin spine-like, 7/10 as long as basal width of first flagellomere. Proboscis 0.8 times as long as head height, dark brownish yellow with blackish hairs; palpus entirely brown with blackish hairs. Thorax subshiny black with thin gray pollinosity. Hairs on thorax rather short, dark yellow; bristles brownish yellow; hairs on mesonotum somewhat dense; ppn absent; acr and dc multiseriate, acr narrowly separated from dc before suture; 2 npl (anterior one short, posterior one long), 1 psa, 1 very long prsc dc; 3 pairs of sc. Legs dark yellow, except hind tibia dark brown with pale base and tarsi from apex of tarsomere 1 dark brown onward. Fore tibia slightly thickened, hind tibia slightly curved. Hairs and bristles on legs dark brown; coxae with mostly dark yellow and partly brown hairs and bristles. Fore femur slightly thickened, 1.2 times as wide as mid femur; hind femur distinctly thickened, 2.8 times as wide as mid femur, with about four rows of black ventral spine-like bristles apically (outer av and pv rather long). Wing (Fig. 10) nearly hyaline, weakly brownish above discal cell and M 1; dark brown pterostigma short and wide, suboval with nearly straight outer margin; veins dark brown, R 2+3 distinctly curved beneath pterostigma, M 2 complete. Squama dark yellow with dark yellow hairs. Halter with brown knob and yellow stem. Abdomen nearly straight or apically weakly curved downward, somewhat shiny blackish with gray pollinosity. Hypopygium narrower than pregenital segments. Hairs and bristles on abdomen dark yellow, except those on apex dark brown. Terminalia (Figs 11–14): Left and right cerci digitiform, apically slightly narrowed. Basal bridge of epandrium somewhat wide; left and right epandrial lamellae thick and not narrowed apically (dorsal view). Right epandrial lamella trapezoidal (lateral view); right surstylus about 2.0 times longer than wide, apically indistinctly curved ventrally. Left epandrial lamella long trapezoidal (lateral view); left surstylus somewhat trapezoidal, apically distinctly expanded, with weakly concave apical margin (lateral view). Hypandrium very long and narrowed, apical hook short, strongly curved. Female. Unknown. Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂, Yunnan, Tengchong, Zizhi [25°1′14″N, 98°29′27″E, 3544 m], 2012.V.7, Wenliang Li (CAU). PARATYPE: 1 ♂, same data as holotype (CAU). Distribution. China (Yunnan). Remarks. The new species is similar to O. vietnamensis, but may be separated from the latter by pedicel and first flagellomere paler than scape (pedicel paler than first flagellomere and scape O. vietnamensis); pterostigma slightly short, suboval; left surstylus distinctly widened apically. Etymology. The specific name refers to collector, Wenliang Li., Published as part of Zeng, Wei, Lin, Chen & Yang, Ding, 2022, Four new species of Oedalea (Diptera, Empidoidea, Hybotidae, Oedaleinae) from China with a key to south eastern Asian species, pp. 553-567 in Zootaxa 5141 (6) on pages 557-560, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5141.6.2, http://zenodo.org/record/6598002

3. Oedalea nanlingensis Yang et Grootaert, 2006 Oedalea nanlingensis Yang et Grootaert, 2006: 246. Type locality: China: Guangdong, Nanling. Diagnosis. Antenna brownish yellow, except black scape. Pterostigma dark brown, short and wide, rectangular, posterior margin reaching R 2+3. M 2 apically abbreviated, not reaching wing margin. Right surstylus about 2.0 times longer than wide, apically widely obtuse; left surstylus slightly widened with a distinct incision at apical margin. Distribution. China (Guangdong). Remarks. This species is easily separated from other south eastern Asian species of the genus by M 2 apically abbreviated, not reaching the wing margin., Published as part of Zeng, Wei, Lin, Chen & Yang, Ding, 2022, Four new species of Oedalea (Diptera, Empidoidea, Hybotidae, Oedaleinae) from China with a key to south eastern Asian species, pp. 553-567 in Zootaxa 5141 (6) on page 557, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5141.6.2, http://zenodo.org/record/6598002, {"references":["Yang, D. & Grootaert, P. (2006) A new species of Oedalea Meigen from China, with a key to Asian species (Diptera, Hybotidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 53, 245 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 200600020"]}

1. Oedalea baiyunshanensis Saigusa et Yang Oedalea baiyunshanensis Saigusa et Yang, 2003: 524, figs 14, 15. Type locality: China: Henan, Baiyunshan. Oedalea baiyunshanensis: Yang et al. 2010: 257. Diagnosis. Antenna black; stylus thick, finger-like, similar to first flagellomere. Palpus black. Pterostigma rather narrow, posterior margin far from R 2+3. Halter dark brown. Distribution. China (Henan). Remarks. This species is easily separated from other known species of the genus occurring in south eastern Asia by the antennal stylus thick, finger-like., Published as part of Zeng, Wei, Lin, Chen & Yang, Ding, 2022, Four new species of Oedalea (Diptera, Empidoidea, Hybotidae, Oedaleinae) from China with a key to south eastern Asian species, pp. 553-567 in Zootaxa 5141 (6) on page 554, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5141.6.2, http://zenodo.org/record/6598002, {"references":["Saigusa, T. & Yang, D. (2003) Empididae (Diptera) from Funiu Mountains, Henan, China (I). Studia Dipterologica, 9 (2), 519 - 543. [2002]","Yang, D., Wang, M. Q., Zhu, Y. J. & Zhang, L. L. (2010) Diptera: Empidoidea. Insect Fauna of Henan. Science Press, Beijing, 418 pp."]}

Key to species of Oedalea from south eastern Asia 1 Wing vein M 2 apically incomplete, not reaching wing margin China (Guangdong)...... O. nanlingensis Yang et Grootaert - Wing vein M 2 complete, reaching wing margin............................................................. 2 2 Wing with pterostigma slender, longer than wide, tapered apically (Fig. 17)....................................... 3 - Wing with pterostigma broad, subquadrate, truncate apically (Figs 3, 10, 24)...................................... 4 3 Antennal stylus thick, finger-like, uniformly thick proximal to apex. China (Henan).... O. baiyunshanensis Saigusa et Yang - Antennal stylus narrower than first flagellomere, tapered (Fig. 16). China (Hebei)............... O. wulingshana sp. nov. 4 Halter knob pale, whitish to yellowish (Fig. 22)............................................................. 5 - Halter knob dark (Figs 1, 8)............................................................................ 6 5 Antenna 1.5 times head height. Myanmar................................................... O. longicornis Frey - Antenna 1.8 times head height (Fig. 23). China (Tibet).......................................... O. yangi sp. nov. 6 Wing with pterostigma trapezoidal, oblique on outer margin (Fig. 3). China (Tibet)................ O. linzhiensis sp. nov. - Wing with pterostigma subrectangular, nearly straight on outer margin (Fig. 10)................................... 7 7 Wing with pterostigma subrectangular (Shamshev 2020, fig. 1). Vietnam.................... O. vietnamensis Shamshev - Wing with pterostigma suboval (Fig. 10). China (Yunnan)................................... O. wenliangi sp. nov., Published as part of Zeng, Wei, Lin, Chen & Yang, Ding, 2022, Four new species of Oedalea (Diptera, Empidoidea, Hybotidae, Oedaleinae) from China with a key to south eastern Asian species, pp. 553-567 in Zootaxa 5141 (6) on page 554, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5141.6.2, http://zenodo.org/record/6598002, {"references":["Shamshev, I. V. (2020) First record of the genus Oedalea Meigen (Diptera, Hybotidae) from Vietnam, with description of a new species and a key to species of the Oriental Region. Russian Entomological Journal, 29 (2), 218 - 221. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / rusentj. 29.2.18"]}

6. Oedalea yangi sp. nov. (Figs 22–28) Diagnosis. Palpus brown. Antenna 1.8 times as long as head, dark brown except scape blackish; first flagellomere 12.0 times longer than wide. Hairs on mesonotum dense, acr narrowly separated from dc on anterior 3/5. Pterostigma short and wide, trapezoidal, oblique at outer margin. Halter yellow. Description. Male (Fig. 22). Body length 3.85 mm, wing length 4.0 mm. Head (Fig. 23) 0.7 mm, black with gray pollinosity. Eyes brownish black, contiguous on frons; clypeus shiny black. Hairs and bristles on head black, except lower occiput with yellow hairs. Ocellar tubercle distinct with 2 oc and 2 short posterior hairs; upper occiput with 5–6 slightly long postocular bristles slightly curved forward and inward. Antenna very long, 1.8 times as long as head, dark brown, except scape blackish; scape with black dorsal bristles; pedicel with circlet of black apical bristles; first flagellomere very elongated, 12.0 times longer than wide, short dark brown pubescent; stylus dark brown, nearly spine-like, about as long as basal width of first flagellomere. Proboscis 0.9 times as long as head height, dark brownish yellow with black hairs; palpus dark brown with black hairs. Thorax subshiny black with thin gray pollinosity, except postalar calli dark yellow. Hairs on thorax short, pale yellow, bristles brownish yellow; hairs on mesonotum uniformly short and dense; ppn absent; acr and dc multiseriate, acr narrowly separated from dc, but posteriorly not separated; 2 npl (anterior one short, posterior one long and brown), 1 psa, 1 very long prsc dc; 3 pairs of sc. Legs yellow, except hind femur deeply yellow, hind tibia blackish except base and tarsi from apex of tarsomere 1 blackish onward. Fore tibia slightly thickened, hind tibia slightly curved. Hairs and bristles on legs blackish; coxae with dark yellow and brownish yellow hairs and bristles. Fore femur slightly thickened, 1.4 times as wide as mid femur; hind femur distinctly thickened, 3.1 times as wide as mid femur, with about four rows of black ventral spine-like bristles apically (outer av and pv rather long). Wing (Fig. 24) nearly hyaline, slightly brownish above discal cell and M 1; dark brown pterostigma short and wide, trapezoidal, oblique at outer margin; veins dark brown, R 2+3 distinctly curved beneath pterostigma, M 2 complete. Squama dark yellow with dark yellow hairs. Halter yellow. Abdomen apically weakly curved downward, somewhat shiny blackish with gray pollinosity. Hypopygium narrower than pregenital segments. Hairs and bristles on abdomen dark yellow, except those on hypopygium blackish. Hypopygium distinctly narrower than pregenital segments. Terminalia (Figs 25–28): Left and right cerci (Fig. 25) digitiform, apically slightly narrowed. Basal bridge of epandrium (Fig. 25) narrow; left and right epandrial lamellae (Fig. 25) wide and not narrowed apically (dorsal view). Right epandrial lamella (Fig. 27) trapezoidal (lateral view); right surstylus 1.5 times longer than wide, apically slightly curved ventrally. Left epandrial lamella (Fig. 26) trapezoidal (lateral view); left surstylus 1.1 times longer than wide, widened apically with apical margin obliquely incised (lateral view). Hypandrium (Fig. 28) much longer than wide, apically without lateral incision. Female. Unknown. Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂, Tibet, Linzhi, Pailong, Laoqiao [30°2′33″N, 95°0′35″E, 2177 m], 2019.IV.26, Qicheng Yang (CAU). Distribution. China (Tibet). Remarks. The new species is somewhat similar to O. longicornis Frey, but may be separated from the latter by the following features: antenna 1.8 times as long as head, palpus brown to black. In O. longicornis, the antenna is 1.5 times as long as head height and the palpus is yellowish. Etymology. The species is named after the collector, Mr. Qicheng Yang (Wuhan)., Published as part of Zeng, Wei, Lin, Chen & Yang, Ding, 2022, Four new species of Oedalea (Diptera, Empidoidea, Hybotidae, Oedaleinae) from China with a key to south eastern Asian species, pp. 553-567 in Zootaxa 5141 (6) on pages 563-566, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5141.6.2, http://zenodo.org/record/6598002

4. Oedalea wenliangi sp. nov. (Figs 8–14) Diagnosis. Antenna very long, 1.7 times longer than head height, dark brown except scape blackish. Hairs on mesonotum somewhat dense, acr separated distinctly from dc before suture; bristles brownish yellow, 1 very long prsc. Pterostigma short and wide, nearly rectangular, straight at outer margin. Halter brown. Left surstylus distinctly widened apically. Description. Male. Body length 3.9–4.0 mm, wing length 3.9 mm. Head (Fig. 9) 0.6 mm, black with gray pollinosity. Eyes brownish black, contiguous on frons; clypeus shiny black. Hairs and bristles on head black, lower occiput with partly brownish yellow hairs. Ocellar tubercle distinct with 2 oc and 2 posterior hairs; upper occiput with 5–6 slightly long postocular bristles slightly curved forward and inward. Antenna very long, 1.7 times longer than head height, dark brown except scape blackish; pedicel with circlet of black apical bristles; first flagellomere greatly elongated, 9.2 times longer than wide, with short dark brown pubescence; stylus dark brown, thin spine-like, 7/10 as long as basal width of first flagellomere. Proboscis 0.8 times as long as head height, dark brownish yellow with blackish hairs; palpus entirely brown with blackish hairs. Thorax subshiny black with thin gray pollinosity. Hairs on thorax rather short, dark yellow; bristles brownish yellow; hairs on mesonotum somewhat dense; ppn absent; acr and dc multiseriate, acr narrowly separated from dc before suture; 2 npl (anterior one short, posterior one long), 1 psa, 1 very long prsc dc; 3 pairs of sc. Legs dark yellow, except hind tibia dark brown with pale base and tarsi from apex of tarsomere 1 dark brown onward. Fore tibia slightly thickened, hind tibia slightly curved. Hairs and bristles on legs dark brown; coxae with mostly dark yellow and partly brown hairs and bristles. Fore femur slightly thickened, 1.2 times as wide as mid femur; hind femur distinctly thickened, 2.8 times as wide as mid femur, with about four rows of black ventral spine-like bristles apically (outer av and pv rather long). Wing (Fig. 10) nearly hyaline, weakly brownish above discal cell and M 1; dark brown pterostigma short and wide, suboval with nearly straight outer margin; veins dark brown, R 2+3 distinctly curved beneath pterostigma, M 2 complete. Squama dark yellow with dark yellow hairs. Halter with brown knob and yellow stem. Abdomen nearly straight or apically weakly curved downward, somewhat shiny blackish with gray pollinosity. Hypopygium narrower than pregenital segments. Hairs and bristles on abdomen dark yellow, except those on apex dark brown. Terminalia (Figs 11–14): Left and right cerci digitiform, apically slightly narrowed. Basal bridge of epandrium somewhat wide; left and right epandrial lamellae thick and not narrowed apically (dorsal view). Right epandrial lamella trapezoidal (lateral view); right surstylus about 2.0 times longer than wide, apically indistinctly curved ventrally. Left epandrial lamella long trapezoidal (lateral view); left surstylus somewhat trapezoidal, apically distinctly expanded, with weakly concave apical margin (lateral view). Hypandrium very long and narrowed, apical hook short, strongly curved. Female. Unknown. Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂, Yunnan, Tengchong, Zizhi [25°1′14″N, 98°29′27″E, 3544 m], 2012.V.7, Wenliang Li (CAU). PARATYPE: 1 ♂, same data as holotype (CAU). Distribution. China (Yunnan). Remarks. The new species is similar to O. vietnamensis, but may be separated from the latter by pedicel and first flagellomere paler than scape (pedicel paler than first flagellomere and scape O. vietnamensis); pterostigma slightly short, suboval; left surstylus distinctly widened apically. Etymology. The specific name refers to collector, Wenliang Li.

5. Oedalea wulingshana sp. nov. (Figs 15–21) Diagnosis. Palpus dark brown. Antenna 1.2 times as long as head, dark brown except scape black; first flagellomere 7.0 times longer than wide. Eyes with enlarged dorsal ommatidia. Hairs on mesonotum somewhat dense, acr and dc not separated. Wing uniformly brownish. Pterostigma rather narrow, posterior margin far from R 2+3. Halter dark brown with brown base. Basal bridge of epandrium rather narrow; right surstylus rather short, nearly as long as wide, apically widely obtuse; left surstylus about 2.0 times wider than long. Description. Male (Fig. 15). Body length 3.6 mm, wing length 3.3 mm. Head (Fig. 16) 0.7 mm, black with gray pollinosity. Eyes brownish black, contiguous on frons, except dorsal ommatidia enlarged, dark brownish red; clypeus shiny black. Hairs and bristles on head black, lower occiput with brownish yellow hairs. Ocellar tubercle distinct with 2 oc and 2 posterior hairs; upper occiput with 5–6 slightly long postocular bristles slightly curved forward and inward. Antenna rather long, 1.2 times as long as head height, dark brown except scape black; scape without dorsal bristles; pedicel with circlet of black apical bristles; first flagellomere elongated, 7.0 times longer than wide, short dark brown pubescent; stylus dark brown, nearly thick spine-like, about 0.8 times as long as basal width of first flagellomere. Proboscis 0.6 times as long as head height, brown to dark brown with black hairs; palpus dark brown with black hairs. Thorax subshiny black with thin gray pollinosity. Hairs on thorax rather short, pale yellow; bristles dark brownish yellow; hairs on mesonotum uniform, somewhat dense; ppn absent; acr and dc not separated; 2 npl (anterior one short, posterior one long), 1 psa, 1 long prsc; 3 pairs of sc. Legs dark yellow to brownish yellow, except coxae nearly yellow, hind tibia blackish except base and tarsi from apex of tarsomere 1 blackish onward. Fore tibia slightly thickened, hind tibia slightly curved. Hairs and bristles on legs brown to dark brown; coxae with brownish yellow hairs and bristles. Fore femur slightly thickened, 1.2 times as wide as mid femur; hind femur distinctly thickened, 2.8 times as wide as mid femur, with row of rather long brownish pd on basal 3/5, with about four rows of black ventral spine-like bristles apically (outer av and pv rather long). Wing (Fig. 3) uniformly brownish; dark brown pterostigma long, oval, posterior margin far from R 2+3; veins dark brown, R 2+3 weakly curved, M 2 complete. Squama dark yellow with dark yellow hairs. Halter dark brown with brown base. Abdomen nearly straight, somewhat shiny blackish with gray pollen. Hypopygium narrower than pregenital segments. Hairs and bristles on abdomen brownish yellow, except those on apex dark brown. Terminalia (Figs 18–21): Left and right cerci (Fig. 18) triangular and strongly narrowed. Basal bridge of epandrium (Fig. 18) rather narrow; left and right epandrial lamellae (Fig. 18) thick, not narrowed apically (dorsal view). Right epandrial lamella (Fig. 20) somewhat trapezoidal (lateral view); right surstylus longer than wide, arched ventrally (Fig. 20), basally with outer margin weakly incised, apically widely obtuse. Left epandrial lamella (Fig. 19) somewhat trapezoidal (lateral view); left surstylus somewhat quadrate, short and wide (about 2.0 times wider than long), with straight apical margin (lateral view). Hypandrium (Fig. 21) rather long; apical hook relatively long thick, weakly curved. Female. Body length 3.7–4.0 mm, wing length 3.3–3.7 mm. Halter paler than male, brown with dark yellow base. Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂, Hebei, Xinglong, Wulingshan, Mingxi [40°37′33″N, 117°27′42″E, 1019 m], 2018.VI.2, Qilemoge & Ding Yang (CAU). PARATYPES: 3 ♀, same data as holotype (CAU); 1 ♀, Hebei, Xinglong, Longtan Scenic Spot [40°25′2″N, 117°30′3″E, 1153 m], 2018. VI.2, Jinlong Ren (CAU). Distribution. China (Hebei). Remarks. The new species is somewhat similar to O. freyi Chvála from Europe in having the eyes with enlarged dorsal ommatidia, but may be separated from the latter by the antennal stylus thick, spine-like and dark brown pterostigma. In O. freyi, the antennal stylus is somewhat slender, and the pterostigma is indistinct (Chvála 1983). Etymology. The specific name refers to the type locality, Wulingshan Mountain., Published as part of Zeng, Wei, Lin, Chen & Yang, Ding, 2022, Four new species of Oedalea (Diptera, Empidoidea, Hybotidae, Oedaleinae) from China with a key to south eastern Asian species, pp. 553-567 in Zootaxa 5141 (6) on pages 560-563, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5141.6.2, http://zenodo.org/record/6598002, {"references":["Chvala, M. (1983) The Empidoidea (Diptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. II. General part. The families Hybotidae, Atelestidae and Microphoridae. Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica, 12, 1 - 279."]}

ObjectiveThis study systematically reviews the clinical efficacy and safety of twist-drill craniostomy with hollow screws in chronic subdural hematoma treatment.MethodsA computerized search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, World Health Organization International Trial Registry platform, CBM, CNKI, and Wanfang Database was performed to retrieve randomized controlled trials or case-control trials using twist-drill craniostomy (TDC) with hollow screws for the evacuation of chronic subdural hematoma from the date of databases' inception to July 2021. Two investigators independently screened the studies and extracted data in strict accordance with pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria. RevMan 5.3 software or STATA was used for meta-analysis after evaluating the methodological quality of the included studies.ResultsA total of 4 randomized controlled trials and 16 case-control trials with a total of 2,536 cases were included. Results of the meta-analysis showed that the surgical success rate and postoperative recurrence rate of TDC with hollow screws were slightly higher compared to the burr hole craniostomy (BHC) group, but showed no statistical significance (RR = 1.03, P = 0.05; RR = 1.13, P = 0.50). However, subgroup analysis showed that the use of YL-1 needle had a higher success rate and lower recurrence rate (RR = 1.05, P = 0.02 < 0.05; RR = 0.584, P = 0.002), and TDC with hollow screws had a lower incidence rate of postoperative complications and postoperative acute intracranial hemorrhage compared with BHC, also revealing an overall shorter hospital stay (RR = 0.57, P = 0.0002 < 0.05; RR = 0.584, P = 0.027 < 0.05; WMD = −3.752, P < 0.001). However, the postoperative mortality rate was practically the same between the two groups (OR = 1.01, P = 0.95 > 0.05).ConclusionTwist-drill craniostomy with hollow screws is not inferior or superior to BHC in efficacy, and this strategy is safer and minimally invasive, which is reflected in a lower incidence of acute intracranial hemorrhage, overall complication rate, and length of hospital stay.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: CRD42021270835.

PurposeTo evaluate the clinical effects and outcomes of local intra-gestational sac methotrexate injection followed by dilation and curettage for treatment of cesarean scar pregnancies (CSP).MethodThis prospective non-randomized study was conducted on patients diagnosed with CSP between 2018 and 2020 at the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Patients were categorized into two groups according to the treatments, i.e., local intra-gestational sac methotrexate injection followed by dilation and curettage (group A), and uterine artery embolization in combination with dilation and curettage (group B). The choices of treatment reflect the patients' decision after they thoroughly understood the benefits and risks of the two therapies. Clinical data were then collected and compared between these two alternatives.ResultsSeventy-seven patients with CSP were enrolled in the study. Of this total, 41 vs. 36 were respectively categorized into group A and group B. Similar success rates were observed between these two groups (92.7 vs. 97.2%; RR = 27.362, 95% CI: 0.496–1.51E3, p = 0.106). However, the overall occurrence of complications in group A was significant lower when compared with group B (17.1 vs. 52.8%; RR = 0.236, 95% CI: 0.077–0.728, p = 0.012). Lower abdominal pain (unrelated to infection) and intrauterine adhesions were the two primary complications exhibited in group B of the present study, with rates of 38.9 and 22.2% respectively.ConclusionsLocal intra-gestational sac methotrexate injection followed by dilation and curettage is an effective and safe treatment for CSP that also drastically reduces the risks of complications. Further multiple center randomized trials with large series are warranted to confirm these findings.

In this paper, we design and analyze a novel spectral method for the subdiffusion equation. As it has been known, the solutions of this equation are usually singular near the initial time. Consequently, direct application of the traditional high-order numerical methods is inefficient. We try to overcome this difficulty in a novel approach by combining variable transformation techniques with spectral methods. The idea is to first use suitable variable transformation to re-scale the underlying equation, then construct spectral methods for the re-scaled equation. We establish a new variational framework based on the $\psi$-fractional Sobolev spaces. This allows us to prove the well-posedness of the associated variational problem. The proposed spectral method is based on the variational problem and generalized Jacobi polynomials to approximate the re-scaled fractional differential equation. Our theoretical and numerical investigation show that the proposed method is exponentially convergent for general right hand side functions, even though the exact solution has very limited regularity. Implementation details are also provided, along with a series of numerical examples to show the efficiency of the proposed method.

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. The phenotype of theB73 and Abe2 inbred lines at the flowering stage inHainan. Thered arrows point to the tassel and ear of abe2, respectively. Scale bar= 20 cm. Fig. S2. Correlation coefficients of floweringtime-related traits in different field trials. The heat map representsthe correlation strength (r) between the paired traits.Significance: *, P ≤ 0.05; **, P ≤ 0.01. DTH, days to heading; DTS,days to silking; DTA, days to anthesis; LA, number of leaves above the primaryear; LB, number of leaves below the primary ear; TLN, total leaf number. Hn andHf represent Hainan and Hefei, respectively, which are two locations in Chinawith distinct climates. Fig. S3. Correlation between the genetic and physicallocations of the polymorphic specific-locus amplified fragment markers.

Query understanding plays a key role in exploring users' search intents and facilitating users to locate their most desired information. However, it is inherently challenging since it needs to capture semantic information from short and ambiguous queries and often requires massive task-specific labeled data. In recent years, pre-trained language models (PLMs) have advanced various natural language processing tasks because they can extract general semantic information from large-scale corpora. Therefore, there are unprecedented opportunities to adopt PLMs for query understanding. However, there is a gap between the goal of query understanding and existing pre-training strategies -- the goal of query understanding is to boost search performance while existing strategies rarely consider this goal. Thus, directly applying them to query understanding is sub-optimal. On the other hand, search logs contain user clicks between queries and urls that provide rich users' search behavioral information on queries beyond their content. Therefore, in this paper, we aim to fill this gap by exploring search logs. In particular, to incorporate search logs into pre-training, we first construct a query graph where nodes are queries and two queries are connected if they lead to clicks on the same urls. Then we propose a novel graph-enhanced pre-training framework, GE-BERT, which can leverage both query content and the query graph. In other words, GE-BERT can capture both the semantic information and the users' search behavioral information of queries. Extensive experiments on various query understanding tasks have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed framework.

Additional file 2. (PDF 873 kb)

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-ajs-10.1177_03635465221090605 for H-loop Knotless Double-Row Repair Versus Knotted Suture Bridge for Rotator Cuff Tears: A Biomechanical and Histological Study in an Animal Model by Jiang Guo, Yi Long, Min Zhou, Zhang-Hai He, Wei-Ke Zeng, Meng-Lei Yu, Alike Yamuhanmode, Yi-Yong Tang, Fang-Qi Li, Ke Meng, Jing-Yi Hou and Rui Yang in The American Journal of Sports Medicine

Additional file 1. (PDF 624 kb)

Roll forming can improve the material utilization rate and production efficiency of cups with a curved rotary profile, but there is no basis for the determination of forming limit. The DEFORM-3D software was used to simulate the roll forming of cups. The influence of the billet wall thickness and bottom thickness, coefficient of friction, radius of roller, and the fillet radius of the punch on the forming limit was studied, and the damage value and velocity vector were analyzed. The results showed that the forming limit of the billet’s wall thickness in roll forming for a cup is about 62%. With the increase of the ratio of the formed cup’s wall thickness to the billet’s bottom thickness, the forming limit of wall thickness will be slightly reduced. A larger radius of roller, fillet radius of punch, and friction coefficient between punch and billet and a smaller friction coefficient between roller and billet are good for decreasing the damage value and improving the roll-forming limit. According to the numerical simulation results, the roll-forming limit diagram of cups is established, and the accuracy of the forming limit diagram is verified by experiments.

Introduction: The real-world treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) often involves the prescription of new oral anticoagulants (NOACs) using dosing both lower and higher than recommended guidelines. Our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of non-recommended dosage of NOACs in AF patients.Methods: A systematic search was performed for relevant studies across multiple electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Clinical Trials Registry) from inception to May 1, 2021. Multicenter randomized trials and observational studies were selected with key reporting measures for inclusion involved efficacy outcomes including stroke or systemic thromboembolism along with safety endpoints assessing major or clinically relevant bleeding events.Results: A total of 11 eligible studies were included involving 48,648 patients receiving recommended dose of NOACs and 50,116 patients receiving non-recommended dosage. Compared to AF patients treated with recommended dose regimens, administration of low dose of NOACs was associated with higher risk of stroke/systemic embolism (RR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.14–1.35, P < 0.00001), but without reducing bleeding risk (RR = 1.18, 95% CI 0.91–1.53, P = 0.21) and a higher risk of all-cause mortality (RR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.25–1.99, P = 0.0001). Moreover, high dose of NOACs was associated with higher risk of stroke and systemic embolism efficacy (RR = 1.71, 95% CI 1.06–2.76, P = 0.03) and a non-significant trend to a greater risk of major or clinically relevant bleeding (RR = 1.57, 95% CI 0.96–2.58, P = 0.07).Conclusions: AF patients treated with low dose of NOACs showed equivalent safety but with worse efficacy compared with recommended dose. High dose of NOACs was not superior to recommended dose regimens in preventing stroke/systemic embolism outcomes in AF patients.