Search

Additional file 2. Table S1: The differences of phenotype between our patient and those previously reported.

Additional file 3. Table S2: The primers in this study.

Additional file 1. Methods and Materials in this study.

Background People with post-stroke aphasia commonly receive speech-language therapy (SLT) when they are admitted to hospitals. Commonly, these patients reported communication difficulties in in-patient settings. Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) has been reported as an effective treatment approach to improve communication effectiveness, language performance, decreasing depression, and improving quality of life for this population. However, little evidence has demonstrated the use of AAC intervention (AACT) in early recovery from people with post-stroke aphasia in in-patient rehabilitation settings for improving these patients’ communication effectiveness. The pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) will explore the effectiveness and feasibility of including AACT in regular SLT for in-patient people with post-stroke aphasia. Method This pilot RCT is a single-blind, randomized controlled trial with two parallel groups. Both groups receive a 1-h treatment session, including either both AACT and SLT or SLT only for ten consecutive days. We aim to include 22 in-patient participants with post-stroke aphasia in each group. Participants will be assessed at pre- and post-intervention and 2 weeks after intervention. The primary outcomes are the ability of communication measured by the communication of basic needs subtest in the Functional Assessment of Communication Skills for Adult (FACS) and the overall language performance measured by the Chinese Standard Aphasia Battery (ABC). The secondary outcomes include a 10-min conversation, the 10-item Hospital version of the Stroke Aphasic Depression Questionnaire (SADQH-10), the Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale (SS-QOL), and a patient and caregiver satisfaction questionnaire. Discussion This pilot RCT will contribute to new scientific evidence to the field of aphasia rehabilitation in early recovery during the in-patient period. The paper describes the trial, which will explore the effect of combining AACT and SLT and SLT only, our choice of primary and secondary outcome measures, and proposed analyses. The study results will provide information for implementing AACT in the regular in-patient SLT of future RCTs. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry database (ChiCTR) ChiCTR2000028870. Registered on 5 January 2020

Variable refrigerant flow systems (VRFS) are gradually gaining popularity in commercial and residential buildings owing to their satisfactory part-load performance, flexible control, and ease of installation and maintenance. However, the characteristic complex system structure of VRFS makes it difficult to understand their performance. This study presents a comprehensive review of VRFS concerning their design and optimisation, control strategies, modelling and simulation, and fault detection and diagnosis (FDD). This review begins with the developments in design and optimisation of VRFS in terms of alternative refrigerants, crucial components, and innovative systems. Subsequently, the control strategies of VRFS including energy efficiency, improved humidity, and defrosting operation are reviewed. Meanwhile, the research objectives on modelling and simulation of VRFS could be divided into three aspects: investigation of the inherent energy performance, prediction of energy consumption in buildings, and comparisons of energy saving potential. In addition, the advances in FDD for VRFS, based on the rapid development of data mining technologies, are presented. The main conclusions drawn from this detailed review provide a comprehensive overview of VRFS and inspire new insights and feasible solutions for relevant researchers, product developers, practitioners, and policymakers in this field.

Owing to their high cooling efficiency in summer and frost-free characteristics in winter, heating tower heat pumps are becoming increasingly popular. However, the solution will be diluted during heating due to absorbing moisture from the air, and should be properly regenerated for continuous operation. In this study, a novel heat recovery solution regeneration system using an internally heated regenerator is proposed for antifreeze solution regeneration. A test bench is fabricated to investigate the regeneration performance of the internally heated regenerator. Correlations of the heat and mass transfer coefficients are proposed, and agree well with the experimental data. The influences of inlet parameters on the moisture removal rate, latent heat ratio, and humidity effectiveness are evaluated and compared to those for internally heated liquid desiccant regeneration. The results indicate that: the regeneration performance of the internally heated regenerator is affected mainly by the air flow rate, heating water flow rate, and inlet temperature of heating water. The moisture removal rate increases remarkably with increasing the heating water flow rate and inlet temperature of heating water. The latent heat ratio decreases significantly with increasing the inlet temperature of heating water. The humidity effectiveness decreases remarkably with increasing the air flow rate. The influences of the above inlet parameters on performance indices in the present study exhibit the same trends as those reported for internally heated liquid desiccant regeneration. However, compared with internally heated liquid desiccant regeneration, the regeneration temperature for internally heated antifreeze solution regeneration is much lower. This suggests that a low-grade heat source can be used to meet the antifreeze solution regeneration demands.

In recent years, variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems have gained popularity in commercial and residential buildings. It is extremely significant to obtain the real performance of VRF systems in order to improve design. However, the measurement of the field cooling or heating capacity of air-cooled VRF systems has not yet been thoroughly addressed. In this paper, a novel field measurement method for the capacity of VRF systems is proposed based on the energy conservation of a compressor set. The compressor set consists of the actual compressor, oil separator, and capillary with the corresponding pipelines. The validation results indicate that the compressor set energy conservation method yields 15% accuracy for cooling capacity and 13% accuracy for heating capacity. Furthermore, the novel measurement method was applied to a VRF system in an office building over four weeks during the heating season. The field test results demonstrate that the average part-load ratio of the VRF system was 0.33, which revealed that the sizing of the VRF system was relatively excessive.

Currently, the controversies on the energy saving potential of Variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems compared with other heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems for office buildings still exist. In this study, a VRF system for an office building is investigated in field. The actual occupant behavior (OB) was presented statistically and imported to the energy model of VRF systems developed by the authors to compare the energy performance of VRF systems, with and without considering OB. The statistical results indicate the diversity in the on-duration periods and on-off times of each indoor unit (IU) is highly significant. According to the simulated results, the energy consumption of the VRF system under a continuous operation scheme is approximately 1.8 times that of the actual operation scheme owing to the OB. The total energy consumption of IUs with high air volume setting could be more than three times that of the actual operation scheme with a low air volume setting. In addition, the energy consumption intensity of the VRF system was presented by the parametric analysis on the different occupant thermostat setting temperature. Therefore, the OB contributes significantly to the energy performance of VRF systems, which should be considered for comparison with other HVAC systems.

Currently, fin-and-tube heat exchangers (FTHEs) are widely employed in heating, ventilation, air-conditioning, and refrigeration. The proper simulation of FTHEs is crucial for evaluating their thermal performance under various operating conditions and for optimal design, especially under wet conditions that involve simultaneous heat and mass transfer phenomena. In this study, the heat and mass transfer correlations derived experiments for FTHEs under wet conditions have been tabulated. The experimental investigations conducted over the last few decades on the heat transfer characteristics of FTHEs under fully and partially wet conditions were reviewed. The significant factors related to thermal enhancement, such as heat exchanger geometry and air parameters, are analyzed and discussed. Furthermore, a comprehensive set of literature is reviewed with focus on the steady models of FTHEs under wet condition, and in relation to the principles, features, and process line in the enthalpy–humidity ratio diagram. A summary of the comparative findings under wet conditions is provided, which may be treated as an initial process step in order to understand the status and future directions of research. Some recommendations for future research are included, and finally, the main conclusions are presented.

Smart manufacturing is the core in the 4th industrial revolution. Smart shop-floor is one of the basic units of smart manufacturing. With the development of the advanced technologies (e.g. cloud computing, internet of things, model-based definition, advanced simulation, artificial intelligence), a larger number of virtual shop-floors are being built. However, it is very important that how to realize the intelligent interconnection and interaction between physical shop-floors and virtual ones. Digital twin (DT) is one of the key technologies associated to the cyber-physical system. In this paper, we present our vision on the cyber-physical production system (CPPS) towards smart shop-floor at scale via DT. This paper firstly explores a product manufacturing digital twin (PMDT), which focuses on the production phase in smart shop-floor. The proposed PMDT consists of five models: Product Definition Model (PDM), Geometric and Shape Model (GSM), Manufacturing Attribute Model (MAM), Behavior and Rule Model (BRM) and Data Fusion Model (DFM). And then based on PMDT, this paper proposes a new architecture of CPPS, which is composed of five layers (physical layer, network layer, database layer, model layer, application layer). Finally, this paper addresses the opportunities to use DT for the CPPS to support job scheduling during normal operation. Furthermore, the related further work and suggestions are also discussed.

Additional file 1. Overview of the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) checklist

To improve the utilization efficiency of potato germplasm resources, the quality traits of 172 potato germplasms were analyzed. The results indicated that: (1) The variation coefficient of reducing sugar was the largest (66.67%), and the range was 0.093~1.11 g/100g; The variation coefficient of crude protein was larger (21.11%), and the range was 1.12~3.57 g/100 g; The variation coefficient of dry matter was the smallest (12.85%), and the range was 14.6%~30.6%. (2) The results of correlation analysis showed, it was very significantly negative correlation between reducing sugar and dry matter, crude protein or crude starch, a significantly negative correlation with vitamin C, other quality traits were significantly positively correlated. (3) principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the four factors reached 97.75%. as followed dry matter (47.98%), reducing sugar (26.42%), vitamin C (16.54%) and crude protein (6.81%). (4) All potato germplasms were classified into three groups at the level of D=23. Class I had the highest dry matter and vitamin C, class IV contained crude protein. The above conclusions will be beneficial to improve the utilization efficiency of potato germplasm and accelerate quality breeding.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-jet-10.1177_15266028211036479 for Extended Stent Coverage Decreases Distal Aortic Segmental Enlargement After the Endovascular Repair of Acute Complicated Type B Aortic Dissection: A Multi-Center Retrospective Study of 814 Patients by Junjun Liu, Chaojun Yan, Lubin Li, Hai Feng, Shengmao Xie, Guohui Zhang, Wei Cheng, Mingjin Guo and MingYuan Liu in Journal of Endovascular Therapy

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-jet-10.1177_15266028211036479 for Extended Stent Coverage Decreases Distal Aortic Segmental Enlargement After the Endovascular Repair of Acute Complicated Type B Aortic Dissection: A Multi-Center Retrospective Study of 814 Patients by Junjun Liu, Chaojun Yan, Lubin Li, Hai Feng, Shengmao Xie, Guohui Zhang, Wei Cheng, Mingjin Guo and MingYuan Liu in Journal of Endovascular Therapy

Supplemental material, sj-docx-4-jet-10.1177_15266028211036479 for Extended Stent Coverage Decreases Distal Aortic Segmental Enlargement After the Endovascular Repair of Acute Complicated Type B Aortic Dissection: A Multi-Center Retrospective Study of 814 Patients by Junjun Liu, Chaojun Yan, Lubin Li, Hai Feng, Shengmao Xie, Guohui Zhang, Wei Cheng, Mingjin Guo and MingYuan Liu in Journal of Endovascular Therapy

Supplemental material, sj-docx-3-jet-10.1177_15266028211036479 for Extended Stent Coverage Decreases Distal Aortic Segmental Enlargement After the Endovascular Repair of Acute Complicated Type B Aortic Dissection: A Multi-Center Retrospective Study of 814 Patients by Junjun Liu, Chaojun Yan, Lubin Li, Hai Feng, Shengmao Xie, Guohui Zhang, Wei Cheng, Mingjin Guo and MingYuan Liu in Journal of Endovascular Therapy

Predicting the energy performance of household variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems in the hot summer and cold winter (HSCW) region in China accurately is particularly challenging due to the frequent defrost operations of the VRF systems during winter. Hence, an improved energy model was developed to determine the energy performance of household VRF systems, taking into account the defrost operations. The energy model was validated by experiments and the energy performance of the VRF system for typical residential buildings in Chongqing, Changsha, Nanjing, and Shanghai was determined based on representative operation modes (full-time-full-space and part-time-part-space modes). The results indicate that the efficiency of the VRF system increases as the outdoor temperature decreases. However, the efficiency of the VRF system decreases as the part-load ratio decreases, which leads to variations in the cooling seasonal performance factor for the representative operation modes and cities. The heating seasonal performance factor is not only influenced by the outdoor temperature and part-load ratio distribution, but also defrost operations. Compared with the part-time-part-space mode of C1 and C2, the annual energy consumption for the C4 mode performs lower from 26.3% to 51.7% for typical residential buildings in the four representative cities.

For energy conservation, two-phase thermosyphon loops (TPTLs) have been widely used in air conditioning systems. Unfortunately, the evaluation index and design criterion of the TPTL is currently lacking, and causes for poor performance are inconclusive. In this study, an “ideal cycle” (optimal state) of the TPTL was proposed, and an approaching degree e was defined to evaluate the extent of approaching the “ideal cycle”. Furthermore, a visual experimental platform was developed, and real cycles under different conditions were measured and evaluated. The results indicate that: (1) the performance of the “ideal cycle” is the upper limit of the performances of all real cycles, and the approaching degree provides an effective evaluation index and design criterion; (2) causes for low approaching degree have been identified and illustrated visually, from the perspective of refrigerant distribution, including under-charged refrigerant, over-charged refrigerant, insufficient height difference, and considerable flow resistance; and (3) the “ideal cycle” can be approached, only when the filling ratio (100%) and the height difference (1.2 m) is optimal, and the flow resistance is negligible simultaneously.

Human pose estimation plays an important role in many computer vision tasks and has been studied for many decades. However, due to complex appearance variations from poses, illuminations, occlusions and low resolutions, it still remains a challenging problem. Taking the advantage of high-level semantic information from deep convolutional neural networks is an effective way to improve the accuracy of human pose estimation. In this paper, we propose a novel Cascade Feature Aggregation (CFA) method, which cascades several hourglass networks for robust human pose estimation. Features from different stages are aggregated to obtain abundant contextual information, leading to robustness to poses, partial occlusions and low resolution. Moreover, results from different stages are fused to further improve the localization accuracy. The extensive experiments on MPII datasets and LIP datasets demonstrate that our proposed CFA outperforms the state-of-the-art and achieves the best performance on the state-of-the-art benchmark MPII.

Differential and angle-integrated cross sections for the $^{10}$B($n, ��$)$^{7}$Li, $^{10}$B($n, ��$$_{0}$)$^{7}$Li and $^{10}$B($n, ��$$_{1}$)$^{7}$Li$^{*}$ reactions have been measured at CSNS Back-n white neutron source. Two enriched (90%) $^{10}$B samples 5.0 cm in diameter and ~85.0 $��$g/cm$^{2}$ in thickness each with an aluminum backing were prepared, and back-to-back mounted at the sample holder. The charged particles were detected using the silicon-detector array of the Light-charged Particle Detector Array (LPDA) system. The neutron energy E$_{n}$ was determined by TOF (time-of-flight) method, and the valid $��$ events were extracted from the E$_{n}$-Amplitude two-dimensional spectrum. With 15 silicon detectors, the differential cross sections of $��$-particles were measured from 19.2�� to 160.8��. Fitted with the Legendre polynomial series, the ($n, ��$) cross sections were obtained through integration. The absolute cross sections were normalized using the standard cross sections of the $^{10}$B($n, ��$)$^{7}$Li reaction in the 0.3 - 0.5 MeV neutron energy region. The measurement neutron energy range for the $^{10}$B($n, ��$)$^{7}$Li reaction is 1.0 eV $\le$ En < 2.5 MeV (67 energy points), and for the $^{10}$B($n, ��$$_{0}$)$^{7}$Li and $^{10}$B($n, ��$$_{1}$)$^{7}$Li$^{*}$ reactions is 1.0 eV $\le$ En < 1.0 MeV (59 energy points). The present results have been analyzed by the resonance reaction mechanism and the level structure of the $^{11}$B compound system, and compared with existing measurements and evaluations., 19 pages, 34 figures, to be published in Chinese Physics C

Presulfided NiMoP/Al2O3-SiO2 catalysts were synthesised. The BET surface area and BJH pore volume gradually decrease with P loading due to the ingress of active phases into the pores of the support. No bulk Ni sulfide phase is observed either in the XRD pattern or in the HRTEM micrographs of all catalysts. The mainly high active center is multilayered Ni-Mo-S type II phase benefited from the weak bond between Al2O3-SiO2 support and active components. The incorporation of phosphorous enhances the dispersion of MoS2 particles and formed more multilayered Ni-Mo-S type II phase. The route of hydrogenation activity increases with the content of P up to 1.2 wt.%, and the route of direct desulfurization activity in the hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene decreases simultaneously. This is attributed to the higher MoS2 stacking number and shorter MoS2 slab length.

The data of neutron capture cross section are very important for the research of nuclear astrophysics, advanced nuclear energy development. Owing to the limitation of neutron source and detector, the experimental data of neutron capture cross section in an energy range of 1 eV–10 keV were almost blank in China. The first Chinese gamma-ray total absorption facility has been constructed in the key laboratory of nuclear data at China institute of atomic energy, which consists of 40 BaF2 detector units. The BaF2 crystal shell with a thickness of 15 cm and an inner radius of 10 cm covers 95.2% of the solid angle. On-line measurement method of neutron capture reaction cross section is established on the back-streaming white neutron source of China spallation neutron source by using the upgraded facility. The cross section of 197Au neutron capture reaction is measured for the first time under the experimental condition of irregular 30 mm neutron beam spot. The measured position of resonance peak is well consistent with the relevant data of ENDF evaluation database, which verifies the reliability of the measurement device and measurement technology, and thus laying the foundation for the acquisition of high precision cross section in future.

Room air conditioners (RACs) are used worldwide and have become one of the major energy consumers in buildings. Because the actual field performance directly affects the energy consumption, the actual performance of an RAC must be determined. The compressor energy conservation (CEC) method exhibits better adaptability to the existing field test methods. However, the refrigerant mass flowrate cannot be calculated accurately under two-phase suction conditions, which is common for current high-energy-efficiency RACs. Therefore, two all-condition field measurement methods based on the CEC and compressor efficiency (CE) methods are proposed, and the isentropic and volumetric efficiency under wet compression working conditions is predicted with data-driven models trained using a back-propagation neural network (BPNN). The accuracy verification indicates that the relative errors of the refrigerant flowrate and cooling/heating capacities of both methods are approximately within ±15%, which is sufficient for the field performance evaluation; in addition, the CEC–compressor volumetric efficiency (CVE) method performs better. Furthermore, the proposed methods are compared, and the accuracy of the dynamic conditions is analyzed to improve the calculation performance.

The back-streaming neutron beam line (Back-n) was built in the beginning of 2018, which is part of the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). The Back-n is the first white neutron beam line in China, and its main application is for nuclear data measurement. For most of neutron-induced nuclear reaction measurements based on white neutron facilities, the beam of gamma rays accompanied with neutron beam is one of the most important experimental backgrounds. The back streaming neutron beam is transported directly from the spallation target to the experimental station without any moderator or shielding, the flux of the in-beam gamma rays in the experimental station is much larger than those of these facilities with neutron moderator and shielding. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the influence of in-beam gamma rays on the experimental results. Studies of the in-beam gamma rays are carried out at the back-n. Monte-Carlo simulation is employed to obtain the energy distribution and the time structure of the in-beam gamma rays. According to the simulation results, when the neutron flight time is longer than 1.0 μs the energy distribution of the in-beam gamma rays does not vary with flight time. Therefore, the time structure of these gamma rays can be measured without the correction of the detection efficiency. In this work, the time structure of the in-beam gamma rays in the low neutron energy region is measured by both direct and indirect methods. In the direct measurement, a 6Li loaded ZnS(Ag) scintillator is located on the neutron beam line and the time of flight method is used to determine the time structure of neutrons and gamma rays. The gamma rays are separated from neutrons with pulse-shape discrimination. The black filter method is used to verify the particle discrimination results. In the indirect measurement, the C6D6 scintillation detectors are used to measure the gamma rays scattered off a Pb sample on the way of the neutron beam. The time structure of the in-beam gamma rays is derived from that of the scattered gamma rays. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulations with the time-of-flight between 12 μs and 2.0 ms. Besides, according to the simulation results, the intensity of the in-beam gamma rays is 1.21 × 106 s–1·cm–2 in the center of the experimental station 2 of Back-n, which is 76.5 m away from the spallation target of CSNS.

Smart manufacturing is the core in the 4th industrial revolution. It is very important that how to realize the intelligent interaction between hardware and software in smart manufacturing. The paper proposes the architecture of Digital Twin-driven Smart ShopFloor (DTSF), as a contribution to the research of the research discussion about Digital Twin concept. Then the scheme for dynamic resource allocation optimization (DRAO) is designed for DTSF, as an application of the proposed architecture. Furthermore, a case study is given to illustrate the detailed method of DRAO. The experimental result shows that the proposed scheme is effective.

In the problem of domain transfer learning, we learn a model for the predic-tion in a target domain from the data of both some source domains and the target domain, where the target domain is in lack of labels while the source domain has sufficient labels. Besides the instances of the data, recently the attributes of data shared across domains are also explored and proven to be very helpful to leverage the information of different domains. In this paper, we propose a novel learning framework for domain-transfer learning based on both instances and attributes. We proposed to embed the attributes of dif-ferent domains by a shared convolutional neural network (CNN), learn a domain-independent CNN model to represent the information shared by dif-ferent domains by matching across domains, and a domain-specific CNN model to represent the information of each domain. The concatenation of the three CNN model outputs is used to predict the class label. An iterative algo-rithm based on gradient descent method is developed to learn the parameters of the model. The experiments over benchmark datasets show the advantage of the proposed model., Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1803.09733

In the problems of image retrieval and annotation, complete textual tag lists of images play critical roles. However, in real-world applications, the image tags are usually incomplete, thus it is important to learn the complete tags for images. In this paper, we study the problem of image tag complete and proposed a novel method for this problem based on a popular image representation method, convolutional neural network (CNN). The method estimates the complete tags from the convolutional filtering outputs of images based on a linear predictor. The CNN parameters, linear predictor, and the complete tags are learned jointly by our method. We build a minimization problem to encourage the consistency between the complete tags and the available incomplete tags, reduce the estimation error, and reduce the model complexity. An iterative algorithm is developed to solve the minimization problem. Experiments over benchmark image data sets show its effectiveness.

Optocoupler is fabricated by applying two separated devices as its two important composition units, the photoemitter (input) and photosensor (output), and then combining them together. It is difficult to realize precise pixel-to-pixel alignment when the active area becomes smaller and smaller, which is a limitation in the microelectronics applications. Based on a double-side indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate, a highly integrable organic optocoupler (OOC) was developed. It can reduce the limitations mentioned above of traditional optocouplers. The current transfer ratio can be enhanced to the maximum 1.87% by changing the light-emitting area. In addition, the isolation voltage can also be improved to over 3000 V by the patterning lithography treatment to ITO substrate. This sort of OOC has a promising application in the micromation of electronic devices and can be also used in low-voltage-control circuits.

To investigate the effects of micro(mi) RNA-195 on high-glucose induced neonatal cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and to explore the related mechanism.The potential target gene of miRNA-195 (Smad7) was predicted by TargetScan5. 1 software. Cardiomyocytes were isolated from neonatal SD rats and cells were then randomly divided into three groups: cells treated by culture medium containing 5 mmol/L glucose (control group) , by culture medium containing 25 mmol/L glucose (high glucose group) and treated by culture medium containing 25 mmol/L glucose and miRNA-195 inhibitor transfection (miRNA-195 inhibitor group). After 24, 48, or 72 h of in vitro culture, the morphology of cardiomyocytes was examined under phase contrast microscope. Micrographs were captured and the cell surface was calculated. The mRNA expressions of miRNA-195 and myosin heavy chain β (β-MHC), a biomarker for cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, in cardiomyocytes were detected by RT-PCR. The protein expression of Smad7 was determined by Western blot. The concentration of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the supernatant of culture medium was measured by ELISA.Cross-sectional area of cardiomyocytes, expression of miRNA-195 and β-MHC and secretion of TGF-β1 were significantly increased in high glucose-treated cells (P0.05 vs. normal control). The protein expression of Smad7 was significantly downregulated in cells exposed to high glucose for 48 h (P0.05 vs. normal control). Downregulation of miRNA-195 partly reversed the high glucose-induced effects. The expression of Smad7 was negatively correlated with miRNA-195 in high glucose control group (correlation coefficient: -0.945, P0.05).Our results demonstrate that Smad7 could be the target gene of miRNA-195. miRNA-195 might play a crucial role in the development and progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy possibly through downregulating the expression of Smad7 and modulating TGF-β/Smad pathways.

To solve the flexible job shop scheduling problem (FJSP), a chaotic differential evolution algorithm (CDEA) is proposed with makespan minimization criterion. In the CDEA, logistic mapping is used to generate chaotic numbers for the initialization, because it is helpful to diversify the CDEA population and improve its performance in preventing premature convergence to local minima. A compositive operation-machine-based (COMB) encoding method is employed to reduce computational burden. Meanwhile, a self-adaptive double mutation scheme and an elitist strategy in the selection operator are introduced to balance the population diversity and the convergence rate. The performance of schedules is evaluated in terms of makespan and relative error. The results are compared with different well-known algorithm from open literatures. The results indicate that the proposed CDEA is effective in reducing makespan because the small value of relative error and the faster convergence rate are observed.

Under the reservoir for exploration and development of Yingxi block in Qinghai oilfield, the chaigou formation is oil and gas reservoir complicated by the fault, and the exploration has been carried out over the years. The reservoir is a fracture - matrix pore dual medium type, with strong heterogeneity, fracture development degree, porosity and permeability variation range. The reservoir is very sensitive to wellbore pressure, the safety drilling density window is narrow, the conventional drilling leakage is frequent, the reservoir protection effect is poor, and the mechanical drilling rate is low. In 2016 six wells were selected for easy control and pressure drilling in the lower E23 formation. The technology experiment has obtained good application effect, which provides successful experience to solve the complex and improve the engineering quality and benefit.

Improvement of electron injection is essential for highly efficient low-voltage organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). In this work, we report our study on thermally decomposable Li3N as the electron injection layer (EIL) for OLEDs. We use a quartz crystal microbalance method to investigate the decomposition process of Li3N during vacuum thermal evaporation in situ. Thermodynamics study also proves that Li3N decomposes in vacuum to form metallic lithium and nitrogen. OLEDs with Li3N as the EIL outperform those with conventional LiF in every respect of view. An optimized green OLED with a Li3N EIL shows 35% higher efficiency and more than doubled lifetime compared with the control device with a LiF EIL.

We demonstrate high performance blue, yellow and tandem white organic light-emitting diodes with low driving voltages using a novel electron transporting material. The blue and yellow OLEDs achieve low turn-on voltage of 2.6 V and 2.2V, respectively, equivalent to their energy gaps. The tandem white OLED shows an extremely low driving voltage of 5.9 V at 1000 cd/m2, together with an efficacy of 28.6 lm/W, a current efficiency of 53.7 cd/A, and an external quantum efficiency of 24.6%. A 64 × 64 mm2 panel has been produced with the same architectures as the tandem OLED pixel, the efficiency is further improved to 45 lm/W with the use of a micro-lens film.

Aluminophosphate cement (APC), which contains its own cementitious phases with high hydration performances, has been developed here by a sol-gel process. The main phases of APC synthesized are a new quaternary compound designed according to crystallochemistry principle that is tentatively called “phase S,” modified CA (CaO · Al2O3) and α-C3P (3CaO · P2O5), and a certain amount of amorphous phase. The pastes that possess hydration performances of early high strength and increasing long-term strength have been derived from this cement. The analysis of X-ray diffraction, infrared spectra, electronic probe of microarea analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were employed to understand the hydration behavior of APC.

Experimental cross section data of the {sup 67}Zn(n,{alpha}){sup 64}Ni reaction are very scanty because the residual nucleus {sup 64}Ni is stable and the commonly used activation method is not feasible. As a result, very large deviations (about 10 times) exist among different nuclear data libraries. In the present work, cross sections of the partial {sup 67}Zn(n,{alpha}{sub 0}){sup 64}Ni and total {sup 67}Zn(n,{alpha}){sup 64}Ni reactions are measured at neutron energies of 4.0 and 5.0 MeV for the first time, and those of 6.0 MeV are remeasured for consistency checking. A twin-gridded ionization chamber was used as the charged-particle detector and two enriched back-to-back-set {sup 67}Zn samples were adopted. Experiments were performed at the 4.5 MV Van de Graaff Accelerator of Peking University. Neutrons were produced through the {sup 2}H(d,n){sup 3}He reaction using a deuterium gas target. Absolute neutron flux was determined by counting the fission fragments from a {sup 238}U sample placed inside the gridded ionization chamber while a BF{sub 3} long counter was employed as neutron flux monitor. Present data are compared with results of previous measurements, evaluations, and talys code calculations.

Based on the analysis of assembly process for the chip-shooter machine, a hybrid genetic algorithm (GA) for printed circuit board (PCB) assembly optimization was presented to minimize the assembly time. During the assembly process, the speed of PCB table movement and turret rotation is inconstant; it is affected by placement sequence and component size. According to the size of component and component placement sequence, all the components are classified into key components and free components. Polychromatic set (PS) contour matrix is used to describe the classification and the relationship of key components and free components. Through appropriate coding method and genetic operation, GA is used to simultaneously optimize two complex combinatorial optimization problems which include component placement sequence and feeder arrangement. The contour matrix combines with generation initialization, calculation of fitness value and genetic operation. The search space of GA is obviously reduced, and the solution efficiency is improved. Compare with other algorithm, hybrid GA can optimize the assembly time accurately and effectively.

A novel initialization method was proposed for Genetic Algorithm (GA) to generate high-quality initialization population so as to solve Flexible Job-shop Scheduling Problem (FJSP). The novel initialization method consists of two sub-methods: Global Selection (GS) and Local Selection (LS). GS is used to find different initial assignments in different runs of the algorithm, and to enhance the capability of exploring search space considering the workload of all machines, while LS can find the shortest occupation time machine in alternative machine set of each job. To prove the efficiency of this initialization method, various benchmark data taken from the literature are tested, and the computation results show that this method can shorten the computational time and generate better results.

The low carbon alloy steel was single face treated by a special hot diffusion method, and thus the gradual composite steel was produced. The microstructures of composite steel were very different from the matrix steel, white layer speared near the treated surface, and nano- and sub-micron particles were existed in the white layer. The results of ramon spectrum test indicated that the nano- and sub-micron particles can transfer several millimeters, several centimeters or even more. The mechanical properties changed sharply compared with the matrix steel. The hardness and the tensile strength near the treated surface were much higher than the matrix steel, and decreased gradually with the increase of distance to the treated surface. The composite steel has high strength, high hardness, high wear-resistance, high corrosion-resistance and etc. From the engineering application point of view, this technique can be used to produce super high qualities alloy steels, which can be used to the field as: metallurgy, mine, automobile, manufacture, energy sources, and etc.Copyright © 2006 by ASME

Tandem organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) are ideal for lighting applications due to their low working current density at high brightness. In this work, we have studied an efficient electron transporting layer of KBH(4) doped 9,10-bis(3-(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl)anthracene (DPyPA) which is located adjacent to charge generation layer of MoO(3)/NPB. The excellent transporting property of the DPyPA:KBH(4) layer helps the tandem OLED to achieve a lower voltage than the tandem device with the widely used tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum:Li. For the tandem white OLED with a fluorescent blue unit and a phosphorescent yellow unit, we've achieved a high current efficiency of 75 cd/A, which can be further improved to 120 cd/A by attaching a diffuser layer.

Ideal n-type layers are highly desired for high performance organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). For the first time, we studied the combination of a low-temperature-evaporable n-dopant KBH₄ and a high mobility electron transport material 9,10-bis(3-(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl)anthracene (DPyPA). The excellent transporting property of the DPyPA: KBH₄ layer allows the fine tuning of the OLED performance by varying the thickness of the n-doped layer in a wide range (from 10 nm to 50 nm, 100 nm, 150 nm and 200 nm). The device with the optimized n-type layer thickness of 150 nm shows the best performance with a high current efficiency of 27.60 cd/A at the brightness 10,000 cd/m², which is about 40% higher than the device with a 10 nm n-type layer (19.95 cd/A at 10,000 cd/m²). The high performance is attributed to the optimization of optical path and the decrease of the loss in the organic layer/cathode interface due to the thick n-doped layer.

Based on analyzing the induced signals from the double-grids of an ionization chamber, the electron-drift time between the two grids is determined and the electron-drift velocity is derived. A waveform digitizer is employed to record pulses from the two grids of the ionization chamber. The electron-drift velocity is measured as a function of the reduced electric field E/p for eight different ratios of Ar+CH4 mixtures. By analyzing the experimental data of this study, self-consistency of experimental data is achieved, and formulae for calculating electron-drift velocity in any ratio of Ar+CH4 mixtures are obtained.

In this work, KBH4 was studied as a novel electron injection material (EIM) for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Optimized OLEDs using KBH4 as the EIM showed a high efficiency of 11.0 cd/A at 1000 cd/m2, comparable to that of a control device using LiF (9.2 cd/A). The lifetime of the device with KBH4 was also comparable to that of the control device. Thermal evaporation behavior was studied by thermodynamic calculation and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), demonstrating that the improved electron injection was attributable to the low-work-function metallic K released by the thermal decomposition of KBH4.

Lithium cobalt oxide was introduced into organic light-emitting diodes as the electron injection layer. The device with tris(8-hydroxyquinolato) aluminum doped with 10-(2-benzothiazolyl)-1,1,7,7-tetramethyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H,11H-[1]benzopyrano[6,7,8-ij]quinolizin-11-one as the light-emitting layer and LiCoO2 as the electron injection layer showed promising efficiency (10.74cd∕A at 11V) and longer lifetime (2.8 times as much as LiF∕Al control device). Lithium cobalt oxide proved to be thermally decomposed in vacuum to form lithium oxide, which was responsible for the enhanced electron injection.