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At present, it is difficult to bring centralized heating to rural areas owing to factors such as scattered distribution, distance from towns and cities, and difficulty in laying public pipes. According to research, most rural residents use inefficient household heating facilities, thereby resulting in serious environmental pollution and a decline in the quality of life of residents. In order to alleviate environmental pollution, the use of solar energy, air energy, and other renewable energy for rural heating of such decentralized buildings is of profound significance. This study analyzed the distribution characteristics of solar energy resources and solar combined air energy greenhouse heating system, established and solved a mathematical model of the solar combined air energy greenhouse heating system, calculated solar heat collection and solar heating energy consumption. From the data analysis, the relationship among heat gain power, heating power, and the water temperature of the water storage tank of the heat pump system was obtained. The mathematical model of the storage tank of the solar combined air energy greenhouse heating system was solved, and the operating conditions and volume of the storage tank of the solar combined air energy greenhouse heating system were determined. The study also analyzed the solar heat collection and solar heating energy consumption in Qingdao, thereby pointing out the advantages of the solar combined air energy greenhouse heating system, and finally obtained the best heating scheme.

Under replacement ventilation conditions, a simplified physical model of a tall space (livestock house) was established using ProSim software, and the relevant boundary conditions were set. The airflow size and direction distribution under different air supply and exhaust airflow conditions were obtained by slicing, and the simulation results showed that appropriately increasing the air supply and exhaust airflow helps to increase the pollutant emission rate so that pollutants can be discharged in time, but when the air supply and exhaust airflow were increased to a certain extent, these will cause the airflow vortex phenomenon near the pollutant source, which will enhance the mixing effect of pollutants and surrounding air, making up the pollutant concentration also. The study found that when the indoor air supply and exhaust air volume is increased by 45 times/h, the replacement ventilation effect is optimal and the indoor pollutant concentration is the lowest.

The carcinogenicity of radon has been convincingly documented through epidemiological studies of underground miners. The risk of lung cancer from radon exposure is due to the continuous radioactive decay of this gas and subsequent emission of high-energy alpha decay particles. And the bronchial epithelial cells are the main targets of radon exposure. However, there is a lack of early warning indicators of lung cancer caused by radon in the physical examination of populations involved in occupations with higher exposure to radon. To assess the potential of a molecular-based marker approach for the early detection of human lung cancer induced by radon, human bronchial epithelial cell injury models induced by alpha-particle irradiation were constructed. The results of transwell migration assay, transwell invasion assay, and the expression of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition-related proteins showed that malignant cell transformation could be triggered by alpha irradiation. Potential microRNAs (miRNAs) (hsa-miR-3907, hsa-miR-6732-3p, hsa-miR-4788, hsa-miR-5001-5p, and hsa-miR-4257) were screened using miRNA chips in cell models. The pathway analyses of miRNAs selected using DIANA-miRPath v3.0 showed that miRNAs involved in malignant cell transformation were associated with cell adhesion molecules, extracellular matrix receptor interaction, and proteoglycans in cancer, among others, which are closely related to the occurrence and development of carcinogenesis. Reverse Transcription Quantitative Real-Time PCR (RT-qPCR) assay showed that five screened miRNAs were up-regulated in five lung cancer tissue samples. In conclusion, the results indicated that hsa-miR-3907, hsa-miR-6732-3p, hsa-miR-4788, hsa-miR-5001-5p, and hsa-miR-4257 may be potential early markers of the malignant transformation of bronchial epithelial cells induced by alpha-particle irradiation.

Additional file 1. Supplementary materials for the prediction and prognosis of adverse maternal and foetal/neonatal outcomes in pulmonary hypertension.

In this paper, we studied the metric mean dimension in Feldman-Katok(FK for short) metric. We introduced the notions of FK-Bowen metric mean dimension and FK-Packing metric mean dimension on subset. And we established two variational principles.

Pedestrian dead reckoning is a challenging task due to the low-cost inertial sensor error accumulation. Recent research has shown that deep learning methods can achieve impressive performance in handling this issue. In this letter, we propose inertial odometry using a deep learning-based velocity estimation method. The deep neural network based on Res2Net modules and two convolutional block attention modules is leveraged to restore the potential connection between the horizontal velocity vector and raw inertial data from a smartphone. Our network is trained using only fifty percent of the public inertial odometry dataset (RoNIN) data. Then, it is validated on the RoNIN testing dataset and another public inertial odometry dataset (OXIOD). Compared with the traditional step-length and heading system-based algorithm, our approach decreases the absolute translation error (ATE) by 76%-86%. In addition, compared with the state-of-the-art deep learning method (RoNIN), our method improves its ATE by 6%-31.4%.

The inhibition of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases-1 (PARP-1) has a potentially therapeutical value for AD. In order to search for a new agent based on multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) strategy, a series of 21 novel compounds incorporated the respective pharmacophores of two marketed drugs, namely 4-benzyl phthalazinone moiety of PARP-1 inhibitor Olaparib and N-benzylpiperidine moiety of AChE inhibitor Donepezil, into one molecule was synthesized. The inhibitory activities of all the synthesized compounds against the enzymes PARP-1, AChE and BChE were evaluated. Among them, 30 exhibited the most potent inhibitory effect on PARP-1 enzyme (8.18±2.81 nM) and moderate BChE inhibitory activity (1.63±0.52µM), while its AChE inhibitory activity (13.48±2.15µM) was weaker than Donepezil (0.04±0.01µM). Further molecular docking studies revealed that four hydrogen bonds were formed between 30 and PARP-1 which were similar with the interactions between Olaparib and PARP-1. 30 interacted with the critical residues His438 and Trp82 of huBChE through hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction which were necessary for huBChE inhibitory potency. Our research gave a clue to search for new agents based on PARP-1 and cholinesterase dual-inhibited activities to treat Alzheimer's disease.

The Radio Frequency (RF) system at the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou of the Institute of Modern Physics was upgraded to a digital low-level radio frequency system. The key part is the phase and amplitude negative feedback system based on Digital Signal Processing (DSP) and a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). This paper mainly introduces the design of the phase stabilization loop, including the principle designs for phase stabilization, loop filter design, parameter calculation, and hardware. In order to improve the performance and stability of the system, the loop filter was designed by means of zero-pole cancellation. In this paper, the derivation of the “zero pole cancellation method” is introduced in detail. The implementation structure of the loop filter in the FPGA is an ingenious design that can be applied to RF systems with different cavity loaded quality factor ( Q L ) values. For different RF systems, the parameters of proportional integral (PI) algorithm are fixed, and only one parameter Q L needs to be set. An economical compensation method for the temperature drift in the pick-up cables was designed to improve the control accuracy of the system. The phase control system was tested in long-term stability experiments, and the results show that the system has excellent phase stability over the long term, as well as parasitic phase modulation suppression.

Objective Heavy ions have contributed to tumor site-specific radiotherapy and are a major health risk for astronauts. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in gene expression in peripheral lymphocytes of cancer patients and astronauts exposed to 12C ions, and identify suitable molecular biomarkers for health monitoring. We also aimed to observe the effects of treatment and the level of damage, by comparing the transcriptional profiles of human lymphocyte cell lines exposed to 12C ion beams at doses of 0-2.0 Gy. Materials and methods A human lymphocyte cell line was irradiated with 12C ion beams at 0, 0.1, 0.5, and 2.0 Gy and transcriptional profiles were evaluated using the Agilent human gene expression microarray at 24 hours after irradiation. Differentially expressed genes were identified using a fold change of ≥2.0. Representative genes were further validated by RT-PCR. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses were performed to determine the roles of differentially expressed mRNAs. Results Based on the microarray assays, 1,113 genes were upregulated and 853 genes were downregulated in human lymphocyte cells irradiated with 0.1 Gy 12C ion beams compared with the control group, 1,095 genes were upregulated and 1,220 genes were downregulated in cells irradiated with 0.5 Gy 12C ion beams, and 1,055 genes were upregulated and 1,356 genes were downregulated in cells irradiated with 2.0 Gy. A total of 504 genes were differentially expressed in all irradiated groups, of which 88 genes were upregulated and 416 genes downregulated. Most of these altered genes were related to the cell cycle, apoptosis, signal transduction, DNA transcription, repair, and replication. The expression differences were further confirmed by RT-PCR for a subset of differentially expressed genes. Conclusion Differentially expressed genes between treatment and control groups at 24 hours post-irradiation increased as the radiation dose increased; upregulated genes gradually decreased and downregulated genes increased. Our data indicated that 12C ion beams could repress a number of genes in a dose-dependent manner, which might lead to the failure of multiple cellular biological functions.

Let $(X, T)$ be a weakly mixing minimal system, $p_1, \cdots, p_d$ be integer-valued generalized polynomials and $(p_1,p_2,\cdots,p_d)$ be non-degenerate. Then there exists a residual subset $X_0$ of $X$ such that for all $x\in X_0$ $$\{ (T^{p_1(n)}x, \cdots, T^{p_d(n)}x): n\in \mathbb{Z}\}$$ is dense in $X^d$., Comment: 27 pages

The press-in terminal is a special-shaped cross-section suitable for press-in connection. According to the different design of the press-in connection, the press-in connection is divided into two processes: solid press-in connection and flexible press-in connection. This paper mainly analyzes the requirements of the PCBA flexible solderless press-in connection process introduced in the DCS safety equipment of nuclear power plants, identifies the key control requirements. The test items are determined by the design of the application scheme, and various forms of tests are conducted. The data of test is obtained. Based on the test results analyzed, the reliability of the flexible press-in connection process implementation is verified, which laid the foundation for the application of the later flexible press-in connection process, and can also form a set of evaluation methods for the flexible press-in connection process.

Additional file 1. Supplementary Table S1. Genotyping and phenotyping of PAX2 missense and LGD variants. Supplementary Table S2. Protein structural properties and phenotype predictor values for pathogenic and putatively benign PAX2 missense variants.

Residual aluminium from the coagulation–sedimentation process in the treatment of surface water can decrease the catalytic activity of a manganese co-oxide filter film (MeOx) used for ammonium and manganese removal. To solve this problem, a MeOx filter was used as a pretreatment process to filtrate source water directly before the coagulation and sedimentation treatment. The removal performance and the mechanism of change in the activity of MeOx were investigated. The experimental results indicated that the MeOx filter removed ammonium and manganese from surface water sources effectively, and its manganese removal activity was enhanced. The characteristics of MeOx were investigated via SEM, EDS, XPS, and the BET surface area. Analysis of the experimental results showed that the increase in the content of Al under this condition was much lower than that under treatment with the coagulation–sedimentation process. After long-term operation, the amount and surface area of MeOx coated on the filter sand increased significantly, leading to an increase in the catalytic activity. However, in cold water, the catalytic activity of MeOx decreased, and more Mn(II) was obtained on the surface of MeOx. Thus, the morphology of MeOx changed. Fortunately, when water temperature increases, the removal activity can recover immediately. By inactivating microorganisms and comparing the removal performance with that under other conditions, the MeOx activity of the pretreatment process is preserved effectively and no strengthening measures are required. This study will provide a new strategy for the use of the MeOx catalytic technology.

Power supply reliability refers to the ability of power supply system to continuously supply power to users. Power supply interruption will not only cause huge economic losses to the country, but also affect people's life and social stability. With the rapid development of economy and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the requirements of users for power supply reliability are higher and higher. Power supply reliability is not only the basic demand of power users, but also the fundamental goal of power supply enterprises. At present, China's power supply reliability evaluation mainly focuses on medium voltage (10kV) and above systems. Generally, 10kV distribution transformer is taken as the basic unit for statistics, while the power supply reliability statistics of developed countries (such as Britain and the United States) is based on low-voltage users (380 / 220 V). With the development of distribution network, the power supply reliability of medium voltage users, cannot reflect the actual power supply reliability of the majority of low-voltage users. The statistical work of power supply reliability must be extended to low-voltage users. In this paper a method for low voltage power supply reliability evaluation of distribution network is proposed which is based on the data quality governance of network operation records and blackout events. The proposed method could evaluate the actual low voltage reliability, providing more decision support for low voltage distribution network management.

As the important link between transmission network and end users, the operation status of distribution network directly affects the economics, customer service and reliability. With the development of smart distribution network, more and more attention has been paid to the operation situation of distribution network. In this paper, a practical distribution network operation evaluation and prediction method is proposed. Firstly BSC (Balanced Scorecard) based KPIs are created so as to provide fully vision on distribution network situation evaluation. Then AHP method is used to determine the index weight and situation evaluation is performed. Based on the evaluation method and result, Gray theory method is applied for situation prediction of distribution network. The proposed evaluation method in this paper can help operators grasp the operation situation of distribution network and provide effective guidance for decision support.

Big data is one of the newest and biggest technological changes in the IT industry. Data search, data association and analysis are the essential needs by big data utilities. There are all kinds of literary data in distribution network which are not utilized and analyzed. Full-text query can incorporate straight words and return mass data set according to the search which provides the convenience for data management and decision support. In this paper, a full-text retrieval system based on Lucene architecture integrated with Hadoop architecture for distribution network big data center is established which could provide literary and full-text query across all distribution network management systems such as Distribution management system(DMS), Intelligent system for integrated grid operation (OS2), Customer service system etc. The proposed application could assist system operators to fasten the information retrieval and provide the convenience and efficiency of data analysis by the big data technology.

Erysiphe necator is an obligate biotrophic fungal pathogen that causes powdery mildew in grapevine, Vitis vinifera. This study focuses on a family of effectors named RNase-like effector proteins expressed in haustoria (RALPH) effectors secreted by E. necator, and chitin-triggered immunity of V. vinifera. RALPH effectors have high structural similarity to fungal ribonucleases but are lack of catalytic activity. The first aim of this study was to confirm the role that presumptive E. necator RALPH effectors (EnCSEPs) play in promoting virulence using a pathogenicity assay in a heterologous pathosystem. The results of these assays showed that EnCSEP56, EnCSEP65 and EnCSEP115 expression in Nicotiana benthamiana increased its susceptibility to Peronospora tabacina. The second aim of this study was to identify components involved in chitin triggered immunity. Chitin is the major component of fungal cell wall. It acts as a microbe associated molecular pattern (MAMP) to trigger the activation of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, which induce robust immune responses. VvLYK1-1 is a V. vinifera pattern recognition receptor (PRR) responsible for chitin perception and also required for resistance against non-adapted powdery mildew species. However, the downstream components by which VvLYK1-1 transmits immune signals to the MAPK cascade are not known. The grapevine family of RLCKs and MAPKKKs were annotated in order to select potential candidates which act downstream of VvLYK1-1. In this study, I found that VvLYK1-1 interacted with three V. vinifera receptor like cytoplasmic kinases (VvPBL27, VvPBS7 and VvPBL7-1) in two in planta assays, co-immunoprecipitation and bimolecular fluorescence complementation. Yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation assay indicated that VvPBL27 interacted with VvMAPKKK7/16. On the basis of my results, I propose that a chitin-triggered signal transduction pathway in V. vinifera involving of VvLYK1-1-VvPBL27/VvPBS1/VvPBL7-1 and VvMAPKKK6/17. To further investigate the roles of RLCKs and MAPKKK proteins in nonadapted powdery mildew resistance, the Arabidopsis AtPBL27 and AtMAPKKK5 mutant lines were challenged with grapevine and barley powdery mildew. Both mutants showed a significant increase in penetration of these two non-adapted powdery mildew species. Overall, the results of this study emphasise the importance of RALPH effectors in the modulation of plant immunity and identify components of chitin-mediated MAPK activation pathway, which also play an important role in resistance against non-adapted powdery mildew pathogens. Open Access

Reliability of both power and gas supply is affected by the interdependence between two systems because the coupling between electricity and gas network becomes closer nowadays. It is urgent to research on reliability assessment in electricity-gas coupled energy system, and the reliability of power supply in electricity-gas coupled system is study in this paper. Reliability models of coupled devices are established. Besides, the algorithm and program based on analytical method which has more practical value of engineering are designed. Finally, the Belgian 20-bus gas network and IEEE -33 system are used for a case study. Effectiveness of models and method is verified and tested.

Introduce the IoT platform technology based on SDN (Software Defined Network), cloud-based, flexible management and configuration of smart terminals, and support access to millions of terminal devices and smart operation and maintenance management. The traditional monitoring system is integrated with the Internet of Things platform, and on the basis of realizing the general SCADA system monitoring function, through the side-cloud collaboration, the lean management of the distribution station area is realized.

With the development of science and technology, the hardware and software design of transformer intelligent measurement and control terminal is very important. Based on the hardware and software appization of internet of things, the design scheme of hardware and software structure is given. Supported by high-performance operating system, the terminal device can be upgraded flexibly through APP application software. The intelligent terminal pair can realize full data collection, full control and full fusion, and real-time exchange of key operation data with the power distribution master station. The intelligent terminal can support 5G communication and realize full compatibility of communication conditions downward.

Aluminium (Al) and its alloys represent the commodity ‘light metals’ and have had continued usage and intense interest from industry and the academic field since their large-scale industrial implementation commencing approximately 100 years ago. Various properties can be achieved in Al-alloys which arise from alloying with many other elements. Al-alloys can provide corrosion resistance, formability, weldability, strength and damage tolerance; however the actual combination of such properties is nominally a trade-off. As a result a wide range of carefully engineered Al-alloys are applied across different fields. This includes shipbuilding, where density, weldability, and corrosion resistance are key properties. Despite the advantages of Al-alloys in marine applications, severe intergranular corrosion (IGC) damage can take place after a prolonged service time at elevated temperature. This concern originates from a supersaturation of magnesium (Mg) in the common marine alloys (based on the Al-Mg system) which can form deleterious anodic Mg2Al3 β-phase) particles at grain boundaries. Herein, this process is termed “sensitisation” as it reflected a detrimental microstructural evolution. Although the β-phase evolution is the main factor for sensitisation induced damage, there are yet to be any critical studies on microstructural evolution prediction (experiment or modelling), in a deterministic sense. This project aims to cover the various principal factors that dictate microstructure and the influence upon intergraular corrosion from sensitisation. This is done with the view towards a science-based tangible and practical reversion heat treatment to repair sensitised Al-Mg alloys.

In the present paper, we define sensitive pairs via Furstenberg families and discuss the relation of three definitions: sensitivity, ℱ-sensitivity and ℱ-sensitive pairs, see Theorem 1. For transitive systems, we give some sufficient conditions to ensure the existence of ℱ-sensitive pairs. In particular, each non-minimal E system (M system, P system) has positive lower density (ℱ s , ℱ r resp.)-sensitive pairs almost everywhere. Moreover, each non-minimal M system is ℱ ts -sensitive. Finally, by some examples we show that: (1) ℱ-sensitivity can not imply the existence of ℱ-sensitive pairs. That means there exists an ℱ-sensitive system, which has no ℱ-sensitive pairs. (2) There is no immediate relation between the existence of sensitive pairs and Li-Yorke chaos, i.e., there exists a system ( X,f ) without Li-Yorke scrambled pairs, which has κℬ-sensitive pairs almost everywhere. (3) If the system ( G,f ) is sensitive, where G is a finite graph, then it has κℬ-sensitive pairs almost everywhere.

Chang'E-2 gamma-ray spectrometer (GRS) is included in the payload of Chinese second lunar mission Chang'E-2 that has been launched in October 2010. Specific objectives of the GRS are to map abundance of O, Si, Fe, Ti, U, Th, K, and, perhaps, Mg, Al, and Ca, to depth of about 20 cm. The energy resolution and detection efficiency were improved compared with Chang'E-1 GRS. We will describe the design of GRS, which used LaBr3 for its main detector, and present its performance in this paper. Moreover, the initial result of Chang'E-2 GRS is reported. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The B3LYP and PBE1PBE methods with the 6-31G ∗ basis set have been used to compute the ground state geometries, electronic structures and IR spectra of novel quinoid 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives. The lowest singlet excited state geometries of these compounds were optimized by the configuration interaction with single excitations (CIS) method. The absorption and emission spectra were calculated by time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) on the basis of the ground and excited state optimized geometries, respectively. Solvent effects on the excitation energies were computed through the integral equation formalism of the polarizable continuum model (IEFPCM). The quinoid structure in ααα′α′-tetra(4- tert -butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazolequinodimethane (TPOQ) was further identified by calculating the structural parameters of the ground state geometry and its IR spectra. Through the analysis of charge distribution in model compounds bearing aromatic groups with different electron-donor abilities, an intramolecular charge transfer has been confirmed, which plays an important role in the light-emitting properties. TDDFT calculations revealed that the maximal absorptions of all these quinoid derivatives originate from the π–π ∗ transition from HOMO to LUMO. The calculated absorption and emission spectral properties of TPOQ are in good agreement with the experimental results.

In the paper we study relations of rigidity, equicontinuity and pointwise recurrence between a t.d.s. $(X,T)$ and the t.d.s. $(K(X),T_K)$ induced on the hyperspace $K(X)$ of all compact subsets of $X$, and provide some characterizations. Among other examples, we construct a minimal, non-equicontinuous, distal and uniformly rigid t.d.s. and a t.d.s. which has dense small periodic sets but does not have dense distal points, solving that way open questions existing in the literature., Comment: 30 pages

Room-temperature refractive indices dispersion and anisotropy were measured in single Ca0.28Ba0.72Nb2O6 (CBN-28) crystal between 380 and 700 nm. The refractive index of Ca0.28Ba0.72Nb2O6 are measured by the spectroscopic ellipsometry. The dispersion curves were fitted to different Sellemeier functions. The normal dispersions were observed. Using the interference of polarized light, the birefringence in the long wavelength region is obtained. The results are in good agreement with the reference. A new technique was used to analysis the experiment data and this technique is proved to be more simple and efficient. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

This research uses an ab initio density functional theory (DFT) informed phase field dislocation dynamics (PFDD) model to investigate the relationship between the dislocation equilibrium core width and the material surface for nine fcc metals. Furthermore, we show that due to an anomalous feature in its -surface, platinum has a fundamentally different core structure than other fcc metals and a much wider equilibrium core width than expected. Based on ab initio valence charge density difference calculations, we attribute this anomaly to distinct differences in the directionality of charge transfer in platinum. Advantageously, the DFT–PFDD model can account for the entire surface (a material dependent energy landscape that describes the energy maxima and minima that atoms must overcome as they shear pass one another on {111} planes) developed for specific materials through direct connections to ab initio DFT. This incorporates a dependence on unstable SFEs in addition to the commonly used intrinsic SFE. In addition, this establishes a link between atomic-scale numerical methods and the DFT–PFDD model that enables us to follow the dynamics of several nucleating and interacting dislocations based on appropriate calculation of their stacking fault widths and accurately probe the physics that underlies plastic deformation of even the smallest volumes.

The first generation Low-Level radio frequency(LLRF) control system independently developed by IMPCAS, the operating frequency is 162.5MHz for China ADS, which consists of superconducting cavity amplitude stability control, phase stability control and the cavity resonance frequency control. The LLRF control system is based on four samples IQ quadrature demodulation technique consisting an all-digital closed-loop feedback control. This paper completed the first generation of ADS LLRF control system in the low-temperature superconducting cavities LLRF stability and performance online tests. Through testing, to verify the performance of LLRF control system, to analysis on emerging issues, and in accordance with the experimental data, to summarize LLRF control system performance to accumulate experience for the future control of superconducting cavities., Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures

A novel speed and flux estimation method of permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM) for sensorless vector control based on Robust Extended Kalman Filter(REKF) is proposed in this paper. The effect of gross error on estimation accuracy of Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is analyzed. The model of PMSM based on REKF is established, and whether REKF can give better estimation performance than EKF is discussed when PMSM is disturbed by gross error. The speed estimation error and the flux change coursed by external gross error and internal estimation gross error based on REKF are compared with EKF. REKF has better performance against gross error than EKF, and the system can converge faster when disturbed. The simulation results verify the validity of the proposed speed and flux estimation method based on Robust Extended Kalman Filter.

Electrostatic actuators are simple but important switching devices for MEMS applications. Due to the difficulties associated with the electrostatic nonlinearity, precise mathematical description is often hard to obtain for the dynamics of these actuators. Here we present two sharp theorems concerning the dynamics of an undamped electrostatic actuator with one-degree of freedom, subject to linear and nonlinear elastic forces, respectively. We prove that both situations are characterized by the onset of one-stagnation-point periodic response below a well-defined pull-in voltage and a finite-time touch-down or collapse of the actuator above this pull-in voltage. In the linear-force situation, the stagnation level, pull-in voltage, and pull-in coordinate of the movable electrode may all be determined explicitly, following the recent work of Leus and Elata based on numerics. Furthermore, in the nonlinear-force situation, the stagnation level, pull-in voltage, and pull-in coordinate may be described completely in terms of the electrostatic and mechanical parameters of the model so that they approach those in the linear-force situation monotonically in the zero nonlinear-force limit.

Vortices in non-Abelian gauge field theory play important roles in confinement mechanism and are governed by systems of nonlinear elliptic equations of complicated structures. In this paper, we present a series of existence and uniqueness theorems for multiple vortex solutions of the non-Abelian BPS vortex equations over R^2 and on a doubly periodic domain. Our methods are based on calculus of variations and a fixed-point argument. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a unique solution in the doubly periodic situation are explicitly expressed in terms of several physical parameters involved., Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1106.1626 by other authors

The speciation distribution of cadmium (Cd) in mangrove (Kandelia candel (L.) Druce) rhizosphere sediment was investigated after different contents of Cd being loaded. The study results indicated that root induced changes of Cd bioavailability in the rhizosphere. Exchangeable and carbonate bound Cd in the rhizosphere sediments were lower than these in the bulk sediments, whilst an increase in Fe–Mn oxides bound and O.M/sulfide bound fractions occurred in the rhizosphere sediment. Increased levels of Cd in sediments resulted in higher Cd concentrations in mangrove plants, and the order of accumulation was: roots > hypocotyls > stems and leaves.

A two-step adaptive beamforming approach is introduced, which forms the desired radiation pattern through linear combination of a family of auxiliary beams after the number and locations of spatial emitters are obtained by spectral estimation. This algorithm has excellent performance in jamming cancellation, stability, and computational complexity.

Nutrients limiting phytoplankton growth in the ocean are a critical control on ocean productivity and can underpin predicted responses to climate change. The extensive western subtropical North Pacific is assumed to be under strong nitrogen limitation, but this is not well supported by experimental evidence. Here, we report the results of 14 factorial nitrogen–phosphorus–iron addition experiments through the Philippine Sea, which demonstrate a gradient from nitrogen limitation in the north to nitrogen–iron co‐limitation in the south. While nitrogen limited sites responded weakly to nutrient supply, co‐limited sites bloomed with up to ~60‐fold increases in chlorophyll a biomass that was dominated by initially undetectable diatoms. The transition in limiting nutrients and phytoplankton growth capacity was driven by a gradient in deep water nutrient supply, which was undetectable in surface concentration fields. We hypothesize that this large‐scale phytoplankton response gradient is both climate sensitive and potentially important for regulating the distribution of predatory fish., National Natural Science Foundation of China http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809