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Women and people of color remain dramatically underrepresented among computing faculty, and improvements in demographic diversity are slow and uneven. Effective diversification strategies depend on quantifying the correlates, causes, and trends of diversity in the field. But field-level demographic changes are driven by subfield hiring dynamics because faculty searches are typically at the subfield level. Here, we quantify and forecast variations in the demographic composition of the subfields of computing using a comprehensive database of training and employment records for 6882 tenure-track faculty from 269 PhD-granting computing departments in the United States, linked with 327,969 publications. We find that subfield prestige correlates with gender inequality, such that faculty working in computing subfields with more women tend to hold positions at less prestigious institutions. In contrast, we find no significant evidence of racial or socioeconomic differences by subfield. Tracking representation over time, we find steady progress toward gender equality in all subfields, but more prestigious subfields tend to be roughly 25 years behind the less prestigious subfields in gender representation. These results illustrate how the choice of subfield in a faculty search can shape a department's gender diversity., Comment: 20 pages, 12 figures, 5 tables

Nanocomposite thin films comprise at least two phases, a nanocrystalline phase and a matrix phase, where the matrix can be either nanocrystalline or amorphous phase. The general characteristics of nanocomposite coating are a host material with another material homogenously embedded in it, with one (or both) of these materials having a characteristic length scale of 1-100 ran as schematically illustrated in Fig. 1-1.

This research concentrated on the development of high toughness cermet by applying PSSS treatment and changing the composition of the materials, especially the composition of the binder phase. Ceramic powders of Ti(CN), TaC, WC were mixed, compacted and heat-treated at high temperatures to form (Ti, W, Ta)(C, N) solid solution, which was then ball-milled to fine powders before mixing with metallic binder and compacted. ARP 66/91