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ObjectivesTo show the practice of robot-assisted laparoscopic inferior vena cava (IVC) treatment strategies in patients with retroperitoneal tumors.Patients and MethodsFrom October 2020 to July 2021, 17 patients with retroperitoneal tumors successfully underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic tumor resection with IVC management. The patient details, tumor characteristics, intraoperative data, pathological features and severe complications were assessed. The IVC treatment strategies were divided into 4 ways: ①local resection and primary repair of the IVC; ②IVC ligation; ③ IVC reconstruction by bovine pericardial grafts; and ④ IVC transection and anastomosis.ResultsIn terms of IVC management, 5 cases had conventional total occlusion of the IVC and its branches, 3 cases had delayed occlusion of the proximal IVC technique, 2 cases had IVC resection by Satinsky clamp, 5 cases had IVC ligation, 1 case had IVC reconstruction by bovine pericardial grafts and 1 case had IVC transection and anastomosis. The median operation time was 151 min, and blood loss was 500 ml. There was no severe complication perioperatively. The follow-up time of 17 patients was 8 to 17 months (median: 12 months). No local recurrence or overall death was found during follow-up.ConclusionsThese robot-assisted laparoscopic IVC treatment strategies were considered to be safe and feasible in experienced centers, as well as helpful to completely remove the tumor for better oncological prognosis and restore the blood reflux of IVC as much as possible to ensure fewer postoperative complications.

About 3% of adult cancers are caused by renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and its pathogenesis remains elusive. Among RCC, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the predominant histological subtype. Resistance to conventional treatments leaves few treatment options for advanced ccRCC. Although the transcriptome profile of primary ccRCC has been comprehensively summarized, the transcriptome profile of metastatic ccRCC is still lacking. In this study we identified a list of metastasis-related genes and constructing a metastasis-associated prognostic gene signature. By analyzing data from GSE85258 and GSE105288 datasets, 74 genes were identified as metastasis-related genes. To construct prognostic features, we downloaded the expression data of ccRCC from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Metastasis-associated genes were initially selected through the LASSO Cox regression analysis and 12 metastasis-related were included to construct prognostic model. Transcriptome profile, patient prognosis, and immune cell infiltration characteristics differed between low- and high-risk groups after grouping according to median risk score. Through explored the functions of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two groups. Kinesin family member 23 (KIF23) was identified as a prognostic marker in ccRCC patients. Furthermore, inhibition of KIF23 expression reduced the proliferation, migration and invasion of ccRCC cells. We further demonstrated that KIF23 promote nuclear translocation of β-catenin in ccRCC cells, which provides novel insight into the functions and molecular machinery of KIF23 in ccRCC.

Gold nanospheres (Au NSs) and gold nanorods (Au NRs) are traditional noble metal plasmonic nanomaterials. Particularly, Au NRs with tunable longitudinal plasmon resonance from visible to the near infrared (NIR) range were suitable for high efficient photothermal applications due to extended light receiving range. In this work, we synthesized Au NRs and Au NSs of similar volume, and subsequently developed them into Au NR/PVDF and Au NS/PVDF nanofilm, both of which exhibited excellent solar photothermal performance evaluated by solar photothermal experiments. We found that Au NR/PVDF nanofilm showed higher solar photothermal performance than Au NS/PVDF nanofilm. Through detailed analysis, such as morphological characterization, optical measurement, and finite element method (FEM) modeling, we found that the plasmonic coupling effects inside the aggregated Au NRs nanoclusters contributed to the spectral blue-shifts and intensified photothermal performance. As compared to Au NS/PVDF nanofilms, Au NR/PVDF nanofilm exhibited higher efficient light-to-heat conversion rate, because of the extended light receiving range and high absorbance, as the result of strong plasmonic interactions inside nanoclusters, which was further validated by monochromatic laser photothermal experiments and FEM simulations. Our work proved that the Au NRs have huge potential for plasmonic solar photothermal applications, and are envisioned for novel plasmonic applications.

A systematic computational fluid dynamic (CFD) study was performed to investigate the effects of hardware configuration and process parameters on flow field and temperature profile above the film growth surface for (Gd,Y)BCO superconducting tapes in a metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) reactor. Significant improvement in the uniformity of flow field and temperature profile was achieved by optimizing the gap between showerhead and susceptor, showerhead length, gas flow rate, and chamber pressure. As results of the improvement in hardware configuration based on CFD modeling, high quality (Gd,Y)BCO superconducting films were achieved and the limit on growth rate was increased. The improvement was not only in the surface morphology (achieving more clean and smooth surface with less outgrowth grains and impurity phase particles), but also in the cross sectional microstructure view (more uniform from the bottom to the top) for thick films processed by the reel-to-reel MOCVD. A 1.76-μm-thick (Gd,Y)BCO film in a 284-m-long tape yielded a self-field critical current of 769 A/12 mm width at 77 K.

A no-insulation solenoid magnet for persistent mode operation has been designed and constructed. The closed loop assembly used a 172-m-long REBCO superconducting tape, including 130 m for the magnet, 6 m for the switch, and 36 m for the soldered joints. The solenoid coil is of 30 mm ID, 68 mm OD, 40 mm length, 840 turns in 105 layers, and inductance of 20 mH. The assembly of magnet, switch, and joint has been operating in a persistent mode with a field decay rate of 18.8 ppm/h at the temperature of 30 K. Its operating current is 88.35 A, to achieve the designed central magnetic field of 1.5 T. The circuit resistance is 1.04 × 10 -10 Ω, calculated from the inductance and field decay rate.

The effect of deposition temperature on microstructure and pinning properties of Zr-doped (Gd,Y)Ba 2 Cu 3 O x thin film superconducting tapes made by metal organic chemical vapor deposition has been studied. Systematical analysis on numerous transmission electron microscope (TEM) images showed that higher deposition temperature resulted in BaZrO 3 (BZO) columns with larger cross-sectional sizes (more rods being of width above 5 nm); while lower deposition temperature led to thinner (more rods being of widths about 4 nm or less) BZO rods and consequently higher density of them; the deposition temperature had little effect on the lengths and spayed angle of BZO columns. It was found that Zr:(Gd,Y)Ba 2 Cu 3 O x films deposited at different temperatures could be of significant different temperature dependences of in-field critical current densities. The higher-temperature deposited film exhibit better in-field performance at 77 K, while lower-temperature deposited film was of superior high-field performance at low temperatures. Such a temperature dependent critical current behavior has been interpreted by the sizes and densities of BZO rods.

We have developed a thermo-compression soldering appliance for joining rare-earth barium copper oxide (REBCO) tapes with excellent control of process temperature and pressure. With this tool, we have systematically investigated the effects of soldering parameters and solder materials on the electrical and mechanical performances of soldered joints between REBCO superconducting tapes with laminated copper stabilizers. Low resistivity of about 30 nΩ·cm 2 at 77 K in self-field and high adhesion strength of about 5 N have been reproducibly achieved for lap joints with optimized process using InSn48 solder. The critical axial tensile stress of the joints was above 300 N, whereas the critical diameter for double bending of the joints was smaller than 20 mm. Lowering the temperature from 77 to 20 K reduced the joint resistance by 22%. However, applied magnetic fields up to 5 T showed little effect on the joint resistance. Increasing the overlapping joint length by N times dropped the joint resistance by a factor of about N -1 . A 3-m-long lap joint of 5-mm-wide REBCO tapes showed a resistance as low as 0.3 nΩ at 77 K and self-field, which is the lowest resistance for soldered joint so far as we know.

Background To explore the safety and effectiveness of a modified surgical technique which could shorten the time of renal ischemia in left renal cancer and Mayo level II to IV inferior vena cava (IVC) tumor thrombus. Method We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 14 cases with left renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and Mayo level II to IV IVC tumor thrombus from February 2015 to July 2019. Preoperative imaging showed that there was no obvious sign of tumor thrombus invading the blood vessel wall. During the surgery, after the right renal artery, the right renal vein and the distal end of IVC were blocked, the balloon catheter was used and the tumor thrombus was removed completely from the IVC. The incision of IVC was closed by Satinsky clamp to make IVC partially blocked. Then the right renal artery and right renal vein were released. The incision of IVC was sutured continuously. At last, the Satinsky clamp and the blocking band at the distal end of the IVC were released. Result There were 8 cases (57.1%) of Mayo level II, 3 cases (21.4%) of Mayo level III and 3 cases (21.4%) of Mayo level IV. The operation was successfully completed in all 14 patients. There were 2 cases (14.3%) operated by complete laparoscopic approach, 8 cases (57.1%) by open approach, and 4 patients (28.6%) by laparoscopic conversion to open approach. The occlusion time of right renal artery and vein (renal ischemia time) was 3 to 15 min, with an average of (6.8 ± 3.2) minutes. The mean time of IVC occlusion was (19.4 ± 4.9) min. Preoperative creatinine was 66 to 130 μmol/L, with an average of (96.6 ± 21.2) μmol/L. One week after operation, serum creatinine was 64 to 632 μmol/L, with an average of (132.4 ± 144.9) μmol/L. Among the 14 cases, 5 (42.9%) had early postoperative complications. Besides one of the 14 patients died in perioperative period, the median follow-up of other 13 cases was 10 months (range: 4–29 months). The 5 (35.7%) of the 14 cases were died of disease. Conclusion This modified procedure was relatively safe and effective in shortening the time of renal ischemia in left RCC patients with Mayo II to IV IVC tumor thrombus.

Background To assess therapeutic value of lymph node dissection (LND) in non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with tumor thrombosis (TT) and identify the prognostic factor in these population. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 128 patients with RCC and TT in our institution from February 2015 to January 2019. The baseline characteristics of LND and no LND group were compared. Kaplan–Meier analysis, univariable and multivariable Cox regression models were used to analyze these population. Results Of 128 patients, 58(45%) underwent LND and 70(55%) without LND. Patients who received LND had significantly higher cN1 rate (64% vs 37%; P = 0.004), longer operation time (357 min vs 307 min; p = 0.002) and longer hospital stay (12.6d vs 9.5d; p = 0.094) than that in no LND group. There were 102 patients (79.7%) received followed up with the median 12 months (IQR:8 ~ 19). Estimated three-year overall survival was worse in LND group (75% vs 90%; p = 0.048) but were not significantly different in subgroup of cN0 and cN1. The overall survival were not significantly different between two groups after adjustment for age, tumor size, surgical approach, tumor thrombosis level and histologic type. Non-CCRCC (HR:4.97; 95%CL:1.56 ~ 15.78; P = 0.006) and occurrence of major complication (HR:3.33; 95%CL:1.05 ~ 10.58; P = 0.041) were the predictors of worse OS while positive lymph node is the only independent predictor of worse OS (HR:5.26; 95%CL:1.28 ~ 21.66; P = 0.021) in these populations after receiving LND. Conclusion In this study, we confirm that LND in non-metastatic RCC with TT was not associated with a survival benefit, even we adjusted for clinic node status. Category like age, tumor size, surgical approach, tumor thrombosis level and histologic type were not a indication for LND. Lymph node positive was identified as an independent poor prognostic factor. Therefore, LND in RCC with TT should be considered as a staging procedure rather than therapeutic one.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:To develop and validate Peking University Third Hospital Score (PKUTH Score) for the prediction of intraoperative blood loss volume in radical nephrectomy and thrombectom...

Acidic zeolites beta with wider Si/Al ratios were desilicated and dealuminated using the alkali–acid treatment approach involving hydrothermal alkali pre–etching. Zeolites beta subjected to mesopore modification were characterized by the techniques of XRD, N 2 physisorption, SEM, TEM, EDX, ICP–AES, NH 3 –TPD, pyridine FTIR adsorption, and immersion porosimetry to examine changes of structural/textural and acidic properties with initial Si/Al ratio. Benzene alkylation with 1-dodecene was used as a model reaction to elucidate the influence of mediated acidity and texturally mesoporous structure on bulky hydrocarbon transformations. The resulting zeolites beta were shown to have hierarchical porous structures and regular mesoporous size distributions. Initial Si/Al ratios appeared to dominate significant mesoporosity development though no clear threshold of initial Si/Al ratio was identified to be more instrumental in forming mesopores. A volumetric fraction of intraparticle to total BJH mesopores proved to reduce with increasing initial Si/Al ratio. The modified zeolites showed more than 95% desilication selectivity whereas less than 5.0% dealumination selectivity upon overall treating processes. T-atoms removal efficiencies relative to areal, volumetric and diametrical factors revealed the coherent characteristics to T-atoms removal selectivities. Moreover, the dependency of benzene alkylation activity on mesopore size distribution was observed from changes of 1-dodecene conversion and LAB selectivity, both of which were promoted by the hierarchical zeolites. Despite both with comparable acidic properties, the typical sample subjected to the combined alkali–acid treatments was shown to have narrowing mesopore size distribution and hence to exhibit the enhanced catalytic performance for selective production of linear alkylbenzenes compared with the purely desilicated sample with broadening mesopore size distribution.

A multipass metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) process has been optimized to fabricate REBa2 Cu3O7-δ (REBCO) ( $\text{RE}= \text{Gd}+ \text{Y}$ with $\text{Gd}/ \text{Y} = \text{1}$ ) thin-film superconducting tapes with high critical currents. Some optimum MOCVD parameters for multipass process are found to be different from those for single-pass process, including RE:Ba:Cu ratio in precursor and deposition temperature. An X-ray diffraction analysis on the effect of changing rare-earth (RE) content on the structural property indicates that an RE-rich composition can improve the in-plane alignment of an REBCO film and favor the multipass process. A 280-m-long REBCO tape made by a three-pass MOCVD process achieved an average critical current of 256.4 A in a 4-mm width with a standard deviation of 9.4 A at 77 K and self-field.

Facile procedures were reported for synthesis of sizable lamellar JDF-L1 crystals. Phase transformation between ETS-10 and JDF-L1 was experimentally demonstrated founding on the role of K+, Na+ and F− ions in crystal growth. Factually, K+ ions were confirmed not to participate in the crystal growth of JDF-L1. High concentrations of only Na+ and F− ions in initial gels facilitated the formation of lamellar JDF-L1 differing from normal JDF-L1 in crystal morphology and unit-cell dimensions.

For mesopore modification of zeolite beta prepared in protonic form (H-Beta, Si/Al = ca.18.7) to concentrate pore size distributions, the framework T-atoms of H-Beta crystals were extracted according to the sequential schemes: hydrothermal pre-etching using incipiently wetted alkaline solutions, bulk alkaline treatment, and acid leaching coupling with ammonium exchange. Based on XRD, FTIR, N 2 adsorption at 77 K, SEM, TEM, EDX, ICP–AES, and immersion porosimetry, structure properties of the hierarchical materials obtained were correlated with the sequential treatment processes. In contrast to single bulk alkaline treatment, the hydrothermal alkali pre-etching enables to impair or eliminate broadly secondary pore–distributed peaks, the bulk alkaline treatment before acid leaching facilitates textural mesopore formation, and the final acid leaching plus ammonium exchange leads to moderate increases in mesoporosity and mesopore diameters, and also to a suitable enhancement of Si/Al ratios. FTIR spectra provided evidence for the short range ordering of modified zeolites and for the presence of zeolitic ring sub-units in the basic filtrate. However, the microporosity, crystallinity and yield relative to the parent are reduced by increased alkaline concentrations. A novel model was built for estimating a volumetric fraction of intracrystalline-to N 2 adsorbed mesopores. Calculation results show that this volumetric fractional model promises to identify the mesoporous textural property, explaining how many volumetric fractions of mesopores are to locate in beta crystallite entities. In addition, the hierarchical beta possesses a mesopore network with higher hydrothermal stability at 873 K.

Lamellar titanosilicate JDF-L1was obtained in a F−-containing gel without using organic reactants. The lamellar JDF-L1crystals in proton-form were intercalated with an aqueous 1.6-hexanediamine solution. Distinct lattice dilations were validated featuring of c-axis direction and led to an increase of ca. 4.95 A in d001 interplanar spacing. The textural modification toward lamellar JDF-L1 crystals provided a new delaminated titanosilicate material with layered JDF-L1 structure.

Zeolites with MOR and BEA structures were treated by alkaline and acid media to regulate mesoporous structures in dimensional uniformity. The mesoporous modification approach (viz. hydrothermal alkali pre-etching, bulk alkali leaching and posterior acid extraction) was demonstrated by the introduction of uniform mesopore structures into MOR and BEA crystals. Two modified zeolites with well preserving crystallinity and substantial mesoporosity exhibited the disordered but uniform BJH pore-distribution character. The dimensionally uniformizing tendency of mesopore formation is attributed to the reinforced micropore-inducing effect due to the combination of hydrothermal alkali etching with bulk alkali leaching of enhancing mass transport. In addition to the mesopore size uniformity the mesoporosity development is more available for BEA structure than for MOR structure. Moreover, the alkaline–acid modification method proposed can facilitate the adjustment on framework Si/Al ratio towards two topological zeolites.

Zeolites with MFI structure were hydrothermally synthesized according to silicon-to-heteroatom ratios around 56 and were characterized by using XRD, SEM, nitrogen adsorption–desorption, NH3-TPD, ICP-AES, and particle size analyses. For methanol-to-olefin (MTO) reaction, the catalytic performance of these zeolites was found to correlate with the transition metal combinations and acid properties. Among the MFI-metallosilicate catalysts, aluminous H-ZSM-5 revealed the highest methanol conversion but relatively lower selectivity towards light olefins. For the introduction of Fe or Ga species, the isostructural incorporation of iron ions into silicate and aluminosilicate frameworks led to considerable increases in light olefin selectivity, whereas the presence of Ga or Ga–Al in MFI frameworks promoted the formation of C5+ and aromatic fractions. In contrast to the H-ZSM-5 (H-AlMFI), H-FeAlMFI zeolite showed the features of selectively converting methanol into light olefins highly favorable in propylene; H-GaAlMFI zeolite facilitated the heavier fractions rich in aromatics. H-FeGaAlMFI zeolite presented the highest MTO reaction activity among the MFI-metallosilicates except for H-ZSM-5, and showed the light olefin selectivity that is almost equivalent to that of H-FeAlMFI. The H-FeAlMFI for the MTO reaction revealed an enhanced active stability compared with the referred H-ZSM-5. With the iron species introduced in ZSM-5 structure a framework site has catalytic advantages over an ion-exchange site.

The hydrothermal synthesis of various mesoporous materials with mordenite (MOR) structures is performed under perturbation conditions involving varying-temperature crystallizations and the use of ternary organic templates, and at least three types of mesoporous materials are obtained from the same starting gel containing the ternary organic templates. The greater structural diversities of these materials are found to correlate remarkably with the second-staged crystallization temperature and time. Among these materials, the two mesoporous materials crystallized incompletely over low temperature periods are differently structural composites consisting of MOR crystallites within disordered mesoporous phases, whereas the mesoporous mordenite crystallized completely over relatively high temperature period possesses the intrinsic microporosity and hierarchical mesoporosity. TEM morphological investigations on the mesoporous mordenite crystals demonstrate the formation of intracrystalline mesopores. Furthermore, an entirely new approach to synthesize mesoporous MOR zeolites is proposed based on the pore-inducing role of MOR structure defects and the adequate perturbation towards synthesis conditions.

The critical current behavior of REBa2Cu3O7−δ (REBCO, with RE = Yb, Y, Ho, Dy, Gd, Eu, GdYb, DyY, GdY, EuY, SmY, GdEu, GdSm) superconducting tapes has been systematically studied for the temperature range of 10–77 K, magnetic field range of 0–5 T and field orientation (angle between the field and tape) of 0°–180°. We report that the RE size dependencies of in-field critical current density (J c) at low temperatures (below 40 K) are significantly different from those at 77 K. In a magnetic field of 1–3 T applied at 77 K, the J c of REBCO films increases with the RE ionic radius (r). EuBCO film, with the largest r in this study, shows the highest J c at 77 K in a magnetic field above 1 T, while YbBCO film, with the smallest r, has the lowest J c at 77 K. At temperatures below 40 K, however, the trend of in-field J c as a function of r reverses. There are crossovers among the functions of critical current density versus temperature for various RE ions and mixes. RE mixed films such as GdYBCO, EuYBCO, SmYBCO and GdEuBCO exhibit enhanced self-field critical current densities correlating with effective low field random pinning due to their suitable ion size variance. Strongly enhanced pinning by both random and correlated defects has been obtained in GdYbBCO films. Those pinning centers are especially effective at low temperatures. In a magnetic field of 5 T applied at 10 K, GdYbBCO gives the highest critical current density compared with other REBCO films, being 1.9 times greater than GdEuBCO film. This work provides a guideline regarding how to optimize RE ions in REBCO films for given application temperatures and magnetic fields.

Microporous alumino-titanosilicates with JDF-L1 structure, hereby designated as Al-JDF-L1, are synthesized from Na2O–TiO2–Al2O3–SiO2–KF–H2O systems. The multiple EDX data corresponding to Al-JDF-L1 crystal compositions provide evidence for the incorporation of aluminum (III) into JDF-L1 framework tetrahedra. Pure layered Al-JDF-L1 crystals are provided at least with the atomic ratio of Al/Ti around 0.07. The Al-JDF-L1 crystals with the higher Al/Ti atomic ratio (ca. 0.37) grow as the dominant phase coupled with the less competing phase identified as hexagonal erionite. Furthermore, the isostructural analog (Al/Ti=ca. 0.35) prepared using the methyl cellulose-containing initial gel reveals the features of layered but wrinkled structures with an increased porosity.

In this paper, electromagnetic dynamic characteristics of suspension system of middle-low speed Maglev train are analyzed with hybrid simulation method. The structure of Maglev rolling stock and suspension system is introduced, and the finite element analysis(FEA) method is applied in calculating the coupled rail-electromagnet pair. Dynamic model of rail, electromagnet and controller is established, combine the FEA result and component model into a hybrid simulation model. The simulation results demonstrate that both the FEM analysis feedback and the controller run normally in the hybrid model. The results indicates the adoption of hybrid model may reduce the complexity of modeling, especially in some intricate mechanical-electrical integration analysis.

Based on the necessity of building the online teaching platform of ideological and political theory courses, the essay discusses the design of the basic module of the online teaching platform of ideological and political theory courses, in order to enhance the effectiveness of ideological and political theory courses.

Carrying out the virtual practice teaching with network learning platform is an important teaching link in colleges and universities ideological and political theory course. The development of virtual practice teaching could make up the deficiency of theoretical teaching and social practice teaching. This paper mainly discusses the construction of complementary mode of ideological and political theory course practice teaching with theoretical teaching under network learning platform effectively.

The microstructure of the longitudinal and transverse sections of multifilamentary Nb3Sn tapes in which 0.35 at.% Ti is added to the Cu-Sn matrix was observed by TEM and SEM. A kind of grain boundary-like network exists at the Nb3Sn filamentary interface near the Cu-Sn matrix consisting of coarse Nb3Sn grains. It is not evident that the size of the network changes with aging time. This paper presents the relationship between the average size of the Nb3Sn grains and the heat-treatment program and also the Nb3Sn layer thickness as a function of aging time. A small quantity of Nb3Sn is already present in specimens cold-worked and annealed at 450°C.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The role of cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) in the setting of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) is still object of great debate within the Urology community. In this regard, assessing the harms of CN is key to select patients most likely to benefit from this procedure. The aim of the study was to evaluate potential predictors of major complications (MC) after CN in a multicentre international cohort of patients with mRCC. METHODS: Data from patients with mRCC undergoing CN at 11 centers included in the REgistry of MetAstatic RCC (REMARCC) from January 2014 to December 2017 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Patients with complete data on comorbidity profiles, intraoperative outcomes and perioperative complications formed the analytic cohort. Postoperative complications were assessed and graded using the modified Clavien-Dindo scale. MCs were defined as Clavien-Dindo grade 3 or more. Multivariable logistic regression analysiswas used to assess potential clinical predictors of 30-day readmission. RESULTS: Overall, 374 patients were included in the study. Twenty-three patients (6.1%) experienced MCs. Patient age, sex, BMI, Charlson comorbidity index, ECOG performance status, baseline Hb levels, estimated glomerular filtration rate, cT and cN status, as well as location of metastatic lesions, were comparable among patients who did and did not experience MCs. Conversely, median tumor size was significantly higher in patients experiencing MCs (11.0 vs 8.5 cm, p=0.002). Surgical approach was significantly different in the two study groups (87.0% of patients who experienced MCs were treated with open CN as compared to 65.4% of patients who did not; p=0.034). Performance of LDN was comparable among the study groups; on the contrary, removal of adjacent organs (43.5 % vs 23.4%, p=0.03), renal vein/vena cava thrombectomy (43.5% vs 17.4%, p=0.002) and metastasectomy at the time of CN (21.7% vs 7.1%, p=0.012) were significantly higher in patients who experienced MCs. Rate of hospital readmission within 30 days after surgery was significantly higher in patients who experienced MCs (11.1% vs 6.7%, p