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Recent scholarship has challenged the assumption that China was an ocean of drab sartorial uniformity during the Cultural Revolution decade. This essay extends this tendency by asking what role cinema played in people's choices about what to wear. Based on data gathered in group interviews in Shanghai, it finds several tendencies: revolutionary history films inspired contemporary military-style clothing, but not only for political reasons; foreign films screened during the Cultural Revolution built up a mental archive of contemporary international fashion that was drawn upon as the strictures of the era were relaxed in the 1970s; and memories of films screened before 1966 provided another mental archive of retro-fashion possibilities, also drawn on as strictures were relaxed. Overall, our research demonstrates that even though socio-political frameworks always condition individual agency, even in the most difficult of times, individual agency continues to be exercised in the interstices of everyday life.

Spike length (SL), fertile spikelet number per spike (SNS), thousand grain weight (TGW) and plant height (PH) are important agronomic traits related to yield in wheat. By the 55 K SNP assay, we constructed a high-density genetic linkage map with 186 F6 recombinant inbred lines developed between Chinese landrace wheat Banmangzi and an elite variety Jimai 22. Eighteen QTLs for SL, SNS, TGW and PH were detected. A new stable major QTL for SL was located on chromosome 2DS, with physical position 19.6 Mb and explaining 20.1–27.9% of the phenotypic variances in three environments, with the favorable allele from Banmangzi. And the QTL was co-located with QSNS.saas-2D.1 and QPH.saas-2D.2 which were detected in two environments and explained up to 18.5% of phenotypic variances for SNS. In addition, an major QTL for TGW was detected on chromosome 6AS, explaining 14.6–22.3% of the phenotypic variances in three environments. Four candidate genes for yield-related traits were identified, encoding IAA-amino acid hydrolase ILR1 and growth-regulating factor for SL, flowering promoting factor-like 1 and sucrose-phosphate synthase for TGW, respectively.

Background Hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L) arose by two polyploidisation events from three diploid species with homoeologous genomes. Nullisomic-tetrasomic (nulli-tetra or NT) lines are aneuploid wheat plants lacking two and adding two of six homoeologous chromosomes. These plants can grow normally, but with significantly morphological variations because the adding two chromosomes or the remaining four chromosomes compensate for those absent. Despite these interesting phenomena, detailed molecular mechanisms underlying dosage deletion and compensation in these useful genetic materials have not been determined. Results By sequencing the transcriptomes of leaves in two-week-old seedlings, we showed that the profiles of differentially expressed genes between NT stocks for homoeologous group 7 and the parent hexaploid Chinese Spring (CS) occurred throughout the whole genome with a subgenome and chromosome preference. The deletion effect of nulli-chromosomes was compensated partly by the tetra-chromosomes via the dose level of expressed genes, according to the types of homoeologous genes. The functions of differentially regulated genes primarily focused on carbon metabolic process, photosynthesis process, hormone metabolism, and responding to stimulus, and etc., which might be related to the defective phenotypes that included reductions in plant height, flag leaf length, spikelet number, and kernels per spike. Conclusions The perturbation of the expression levels of transcriptional genes among the NT stocks for homoeologous group 7 demonstrated the gene dosage effect of the subgenome at the genome-wide level. The gene dosage deletion and compensation can be used as a model to elucidate the functions of the subgenomes in modern polyploid plants. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5421-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Aiming at the problems of poor maintenance effect and large measurement error of traditional communication power supply monitoring system, a redundant communication power supply monitoring system based on ZigBee is designed. The sensor and power supply cable are installed, the battery working state parameters are collected and cleaned, compressed and fused. The MSP430F149 single chip microcomputer is used to realize the high-speed processing of field information and optimize the configuration of hardware structure. The software maintenance process of the complete redundant communication power supply monitoring system is designed. The logic editing technology is used to correct, adjust and improve the system software. The mathematical model of hardware maintenance is established. The most reasonable monitoring and measurement of redundant communication power supply is calculated by ZigBee method to realize the effective monitoring of communication power supply. The experimental results show that the hardware operation effect of the design system is good, and the measurement error can be effectively reduced.

Pore water pressure and water content are important indicators to both deposition and consolidation of debris flows, enabling a direct assessment of consolidation degree. This article gained a more comprehensive understanding about the entire consolidation process and focused on exploring pore water pressure and volumetric water content variations of the deposit body during natural consolidation under different conditions taking the viscous debris flow mass as a study subject and by flume experiments. The results indicate that, as the color of the debris changed from initial dark green to grayish-white color, the initial deposit thickness declined by 3% and 2.8% over a permeable and impermeable sand bed, respectively. A positive correlation was observed between pore water pressure and depth in the deposit for both scenarios, with deeper depths being related to greater pore water pressure. For the permeable environment, the average dissipation rate of pore water pressure measured at depths of 0.10 m and 0.05 m were 0.0172 Pa/d and 0.0144 Pa/d, respectively, showing a positive changing trend with increasing depth. Under impermeable conditions, the average dissipation rates at different depths were similar, while the volumetric water content in the deposit had a positive correlation with depth. The reduction of water content in the deposit accelerated with depth under impermeable sand bed boundary conditions, but was not considerably correlated with depth under permeable sand bed boundary conditions. However, the amount of discharged water from the deposit was greater and consolidation occurred faster in permeable conditions. This indicates that the permeability of the boundary sand bed has a significant impact on the progress of consolidation. This research demonstrates that pore water and pressure dissipations are present during the entire viscous debris consolidation process. Contrasting with dilute flows, pore pressure dissipation in viscous flows cannot be completed in a matter of minutes or even hours, requiring longer completion time - 3 to 5 days and even more. Additionally, the dissipation of the pore water pressure lagged the reduction of the water content. During the experiment, the dissipation rate fluctuated substantially, indicating a close relationship between the dissipation process and the physical properties of broadly graded soils.

Background This study aimed to validate the function of CKX gene on grain numbers in wheat. Methods we constructed and transformed a RNA interference expression vector of TaCKX2.4 in bread wheat line NB1. Southern blotting analysis was used to select transgenic plants with single copy. The expression of TaCKX2.4 gene was estimated by Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. Finally, the relation between expression of TaCKX2.4 gene and grain numbers was validated. Results Totally, 20 positive independent events were obtained. Homozygous lines from 5 events with a single copy of transformed gene each were selected to evaluate the expression of TaCKX2.4 and grain numbers per spike in T3 generation. Compared with the control NB1, the average grain numbers per spike significantly increased by 12.6%, 8.3%, 6.5% and 5.8% in the T3 lines JW39-3A, JW1-2B, JW1-1A and JW5-1A, respectively. Conclusion Our study indicated that the expression level of TaCKX2.4 was negatively correlated with the grain number per spike, indicating that the reduced expression of TaCKX2.4 increased grain numbers per spike in wheat.

Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that play important roles in biotic and abiotic stresses by regulating their target genes. For common wheat, spring frost damage frequently occurs, especially when low temperature coincides with plants at early floral organ differentiation, which may result in significant yield loss. Up to date, the role of miRNAs in wheat response to frost stress is not well understood. Results We report here the sequencing of small RNA transcriptomes from the young spikes that were treated with cold stress and the comparative analysis with those of the control. A total of 192 conserved miRNAs from 105 families and nine novel miRNAs were identified. Among them, 34 conserved and five novel miRNAs were differentially expressed between the cold-stressed samples and the controls. The expression patterns of 18 miRNAs were further validated by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Moreover, nearly half of the miRNAs were cross inducible by biotic and abiotic stresses when compared with previously published work. Target genes were predicted and validated by degradome sequencing. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that the target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs were enriched for response to the stimulus, regulation of transcription, and ion transport functions. Since many targets of differentially expressed miRNAs were transcription factors that are associated with floral development such as ARF, SPB (Squamosa Promoter Binding like protein), MADS-box (MCM1, AG, DEFA and SRF), MYB, SPX (SYG1, Pho81 and XPR1), TCP (TEOSINTE BRANCHED, Cycloidea and PCF), and PPR (PentatricoPeptide Repeat) genes, cold-altered miRNA expression may cause abnormal reproductive organ development. Conclusion Analysis of small RNA transcriptomes and their target genes provide new insight into miRNA regulation in developing wheat inflorescences under cold stress. MiRNAs provide another layer of gene regulation in cold stress response that can be genetically manipulated to reduce yield loss in wheat. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3556-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The CRISPR/Cas9 system has been successfully used in hexaploid wheat. Although it has been reported that the induced mutations can be passed to the next generation, gene editing and transmission patterns in later generations still need to be studied. In this study, we demonstrated that the CRISPR/Cas9 system could achieve efficient mutagenesis in five wheat genes via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of an sgRNA targeting the D genome, an sgRNA targeting both the A and B homologues and three tri-genome guides targeting the editing of all three homologues. High mutation rates and putative homozygous or biallelic mutations were observed in the T0 plants. The targeted mutations could be stably inherited by the next generation, and the editing efficiency of each mutant line increased significantly across generations. The editing types and inheritance of targeted mutagenesis were similar, which were not related to the targeted subgenome number. The presence of Cas9/sgRNA could cause new mutations in subsequent generations, while mutated lines without Cas9/sgRNA could retain the mutation type. Additionally, off-target mutations were not found in sequences that were highly homologous to the selected sgRNA sequences. Overall, the results suggested that CRISPR/Cas9-induced gene editing via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation plays important roles in wheat genome engineering.

Biotic stresses do damage to the growth and development of plants, and yield losses for some crops. Confronted with microbial infections, plants have evolved multiple defense mechanisms, which play important roles in the never-ending molecular arms race of plant–pathogen interactions. The complicated defense systems include pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) triggered immunity (PTI), effector triggered immunity (ETI), and the exosome-mediated cross-kingdom RNA interference (CKRI) system. Furthermore, plants have evolved a classical regulation system mediated by miRNAs to regulate these defense genes. Most of the genes/small RNAs or their regulators that involve in the defense pathways can have very rapid evolutionary rates in the longitudinal and horizontal co-evolution with pathogens. According to these internal defense mechanisms, some strategies such as molecular switch for the disease resistance genes, host-induced gene silencing (HIGS), and the new generation of RNA-based fungicides, have been developed to control multiple plant diseases. These broadly applicable new strategies by transgene or spraying ds/sRNA may lead to reduced application of pesticides and improved crop yield.

In order to resolve the work stress problem of young teachers in engineering college, this paper proposes a concept model based on Karasek's JDCS model. In this paper, resilience is introduced into the research of JDCS model in order to figure out how to relieve work stress of young college teachers and transformation mechanism from high stress work to positive work. It proposes a concept model which does not only provide a new idea to solve work stress problem, but also extend the model and enrich the research of teacher resilience, looking forward to practicing innovation guided by theory innovation.

A series of triaxial compressive tests were performed on frozen sandy clay at -4 and -6°C under confining pressures from 0 to 18 MPa. The experimental results indicate that the stress-strain curves show strain softening and hardening phenomena when the confining pressures are below and above 3.0 MPa, respectively. Since the generally hyperbolic model can not describe the strain hardening behavior very well and the Duncan-Chang model can not ideally describe the strain softening behavior of the frozen sandy clay, an improved Duncan-Chang model is proposed. This model can describe not only the strain softening behavior but also the strain hardening behavior of the frozen sandy clay, and the calculated results are rather coincident with the corresponding experimental data. In addition, it is also suitable for frozen silty clay with a high precision. Due to pressure melting, the shear strength of the frozen sandy clay changes nonlinearly with increasing confining pressures. In order to solve the problem that the linear Mohr-Coulomb criteria can not exactly reflect the shear strength of the frozen sandy clay, a nonlinear Mohr criteria of the frozen sandy clay is presented. The calculated results illustrate that it has higher precision and can describe the shear strength of frozen sandy soils more accurately than the linear Mohr-Coulomb criteria does.

Since the element free Galerkin method (EFGM) is based on moving least-squares (MLS) interpolants, it requires only a mesh of nodes and a boundary description, which are beneficial to some problems with the moving boundary conditions, such as the transient temperature field problems with phase change. Because freezing and thawing often takes place in embankments in cold regions, the phase transition must be considered in heat transfer calculation. Therefore, in this paper, the EFGM is presented to solve the thermal problem involving phase change in permafrost embankment. In the calculation, the latent heat is considered using the enthalpy-based method and the essential boundary condition is enforced by the Lagrange multipliers method. The EFGM code has been written in the FORTRAN language for obtaining the numerical solution. The result shows that, compared with the finite element solution, EFGM has more advantages such as better agreement with the observational data, high convergence rate, simple pre-processing and post-processing, etc. in a word, these analyses support the proposition for employing such a method for nonlinear temperature field involving the phase change in the actual railway project on permafrost.

According to the basic theories of heat transfer, geocryology and fluid mechanics, taking the coupled problem of the heat transfer of the rock surrounding the tunnel and the heat convective between the air in the tunnel and the rock surrounding the tunnel into account, three-dimensional calculating model of the coupled problem are presented. The finite element formulae of this problem are obtained by Galerkin’s method, and the computer program of the finite element is compiled. Using the program, three-dimensional nonlinear analyses for the coupled problem of the heat transfer of the rock surrounding the tunnel and the heat convective between the air in the tunnel and the rock surrounding Fenghuo mountain tunnel on the Qinghai–Tibet Railway are made. The agreement between the calculated results and the in-situ observed data is seen to be very good. The calculated results illustrate that the freezing–thawing situation of the rock surrounding the tunnel can correctly be predicted even if the air temperature distribution along the tunnel is unknown. In thus way, the large cost of in-situ observation for the air temperature in the tunnel can be saved.

A mathematical mechanical model and the governing differential equations of the coupled problem of temperature, moisture migrating, and stress fields with phase change, are first derived from the theory of heat transfer, the theory of moisture migration, and frozen soil mechanics. Then the finite element formulas of this problem are obtained by using Galerkin's method. Using the finite element formulas, a nonlinear analysis for the frost-heaving process of the land bridge in the next 20 years is made. The calculated results show that only soil at the bottom of the pile generates plastic deformation, and the deformation is quite small; therefore, the studied land bridge is safe.

According to the in situ measured data of the air temperature and ground temperature inside of Kunlun mountain tunnel on Qing–Tibet railway, China, the thawed extent of the permafrost surrounding the tunnel is very large, caused by the latent heat of the cast in situ concrete lining insulation during excavation in winter and other artificial activities. In this paper, taking the coupled effects of moisture transfer and heat conduction into account, a finite element formula of this problem is derived from the governing differential equations with phase change and moisture transfer equations using Galerkin's solution. Using the computer program, predictions for the refreezing of Kunlun mountain permafrost tunnel are made. The analysis results show that the vault of Kunlun mountain tunnel would have been refrozen by 31 March 2004, the arch bottom by 30 September 2004 and the total tunnel by 30 September 2005, without insulation material. On the other hand, if the tunnel is fitted with insulation material, whose thermal conductivity is equal to 0.03 W/m.K and thickness of 0.05 m, the vault of Kunlun mountain tunnel would have been refrozen by 31 March 2004, the arch bottom by 31 December 2004, the left wall by 31 March 2006, and the right wall by 30 September 2006. Thus, insulation material will delay the refreezing of Kunlun mountain permafrost tunnel. The thawed extent of the permafrost surrounding the tunnel in cold regions caused by construction must be considered, and the time of the field observation should be extended, or observational results, such as their temperature and stress field, will greatly be different from results in stability.

The heat convection in ballast mass and broken rock mass in railway embankments is the problem of heat convection in porous media. In order to calculate the temperature distribution of the Qing-Tibet railway embankment, from the governing equations used to study forced convection for incompressible fluids porous media, the finite-element formulas for heat convection in porous media are derived by using Galerkin's method. The temperature fields of the traditional ballast embankment and the broken rock mass embankment, constructed on July 15, have been analyzed and compared under the case that the air temperature on the Qing-Tibet plateau will warm up by 2.0 °C in the next 50 years. The calculated results indicate that the permafrost 5 m below the traditional ballast embankment will be thawed in the regions in which the air yearly average temperature is higher than −3.5 °C or the yearly average temperature at the native surface is higher than −1 °C. The embankment will undergo large thawing settlement and e...

In this paper, based on the governing differential equations of the problem on temperature field with phase change, the finite element formulae of three-dimensional temperature fields are obtained from Galerkin's method. An illustrative example of the three-dimensional temperature fields in cold regions tunnel both with insulation and without insulation is presented on the basis of the air temperatures surveyed in the inside of the tunnel. The example shows that it is necessary to analyze the three-dimensional temperature fields in cold regions tunnels, and that it is effective to lessen the frozen or thawed areas of the rock surrounding the tunnels by constructing insulation, which can provide reference and numerical method for actual engineering design in cold regions.

With the frequent occurrence of climatic anomalies, spring frost has become a significant limiting factor on wheat production, especially during the reproductive growth stage. A high-throughput sequencing technology was applied and a total of 54 million clean reads that corresponded to 7.44 Gb of total nucleotides were generated. These reads were then de novo assembled into 120,715 unigenes with an average length of 627 bp. Functional annotations were then obtained by aligning all unigenes with public protein databases. In total, 9657 potential EST-SSRs were identified, and 6310 primer pairs for 1329 SSRs were obtained. Meanwhile, a comparison of four tag-based digital gene expression libraries, which was built from the control and cold-treated young spikes were performed. Overall, 526 up-regulated and 489 down-regulated genes were identified, and GO and KEGG pathway analyses of those genes were further conducted. Based on these results, a series of candidate genes involved in cold response pathways were identified, and 12 of them were confirmed by qRT-PCR. The combination of RNA-Seq and digital gene expression analysis in this study provides a powerful approach for investigating the transcriptional changes and obtained a large number of unigenes annotated to public databases.

Abstract Being developed with water flooding for more than 5 decades, the Daqing Oilfield is now in a developing period of ultra -high water cut. But the remaining oil still exists, and is in a status of highly scattered. As to the recognition and exploration of the remaining oil, the high-efficiency development strategy is promoted in this paper. The mechanism of improving development effect by fine waterflood adjustment is firstly studied by the using of numerical and physical methods, the practice and result of water flooding fine potential tapping are systematically discussed. Field application at the 6 pilots shows satisfactory performance for 3 years under the water cut of 92%. This offers a new way for the fine and efficient water flooding development of maturing oilfields at the ultrahigh water cut stage and valuable reference for water flooding development of multilayered sandstone oilfields. Introduction Daqing Placantieline Oilfield has entered into the "ultra-high water-cut and ultra-high recovery factor" development phase, with the recovery percent of recoverable reserves of 86.49% and the water cut of 92.75%. Waterflood development of Placantieline oilfield has faced many development problems, such as high water cut of all wells and layers and scattered distribution of remaining oil. The waterflood adjustment efficiency by macroscopic well pattern structures has become lower. The difficulty to control water cut and production decline by waterflood development has been becoming larger. Therefore, the current waterflood adjustment technology can not completely satisfy the need for fine waterflood adjustment at ultra-high water cut period[1,2]. In 2010, Daqing Oilfield launched 6 pilots for fine waterflood remaining oil tapping at ultra-high water cut period, lots of waterflooding technologies have been applied thoroughly. Meanwhile, by the application of fine reservoir description, fine injection-production system adjustment, fine injection-production management, each item of work involved in oilfield development and management has become more meticulous. Through all these efforts, production decline and water-cut increase have been prevented successfully for three years in these pilots.

In this paper, we propose a frequency synchronization algorithm for OFDM in mobile satellite communication systems. We first construct the mobile satellite communication channel model and choose suburb as simulation environment. Based on the conventional frequency offset estimate method with one training symbol which has two identical parts in time domain, we propose an algorithm with more identical parts in training symbol to improve the performance of fractional frequency offset estimation. Results of simulation can show that the proposed algorithm can lower BER at the receiver.

Effect of inoculating rice (Oryza sativa L.) with mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mosseae) was studied using potted seedlings. Vegetative growth and reproductive traits were compared between inoculated and non-inoculated plants. Result showed that there was a high mycorrhizal dependency of the rice on G. mosseae. Mycorrhizal fungal inoculated rice seedlings grew significant better compared to non-mycorrhizal controlled seedlings, and had increased height (34%), shoot biomass (122%), root biomass (590%) at maximum tillering stage, and grain yield (9.7%) at harvesting stage. Plant architecture and reproductive traits were changed by mycorrhizal fungi inoculation. Rice inoculated with G. mosseae invested more in the root development for effective nutrient absorption, which was the fundamental to achieve the maximum grain yield. G. mosseae was available to form an association with rice plant. The symbiosis of mycorrhizal fungi and rice would be of benefit to crop growth and grain yield.

How to efficiently search the effective resources has become a key problem in unstructured P2P networks. In order to overcome the limitations of current search algorithms, this paper designs an agent-based Least Common Neighbors local search algorithm (LCN) that is based on the notion of weak ties in queries transactions, where an agent chooses the node that has the least common neighbors with the node currently occupied by the agent during searching. Our experimental results show that the LCN algorithm can achieve better performances than some related agent-based algorithms, and be adaptive to certain dynamically-evolving networks.

As China drives domestic enterprises to implement the development strategy of "going global", foreign activities of transnational corporations are increasing every year, and issues of their foreign exchange management are quite highlighted. This paper analyzed the significance of constructing a foreign exchange management information system in the process of China transnational corporations’ foreign business, and explored the content of constructing the foreign exchange management information system of the transnational corporation, such as the basic framework, the information constitution, network requirements and information transmission requirements etc.

This paper gives the balance model of projects and team members. Team members match up to the projects to attain the balanced target of project team management with the project classification, project technique characteristic analysis, the personality and ability evaluation of team members and project manager. At last, the evaluation and reorganization to the Da Tang OAMS project team is studied as a case.

This paper proposes a system of team evaluation criteria. The Anchor method is used to quantify the interview information. The appraising curve from questionnaire and interview information is made to find the team building effect rapidly and directly in order that proper measures will be taken to build an effective team. The effect is satisfied by using this method in a case study of a pharmaceutical sale team.

ZSM-5 zeolite was in-situ synthesized successfully on the surface of honeycomb cordierite substrate, certified by XRD and SEM techniques. Good thermal and hydrothermal stability of ZSM-5/cordierite could be obtained because of the in-situ synthesis method. Copper ion-exchanged ZSM-5/cordierite was studied as catalyst for selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides. For practical reasons, the catalytic testing experiments were preformed on a real lean burn engine. Unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in the exhaust were directly used as reductants for NOx reduction. Cu-ZSM-5/cordierite exhibited high catalytic activity, and at 673 K the maximal NOx conversion to N2 could reach 50% at gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of about 25 000 h(-1). Hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in the exhaust could also be purified at the same time. As expected, Cu-ZSM-5/cordierite catalyst exhibited good duration and antipoison properties. When traces of lanthanum were introduced to Cu-ZSM-5/cordierite catalyst as a modifier, the activated temperature of the catalyst could be decreased and the temperature window with high NOx conversions broadened. Cu-ZSM-5/ cordierite and LaCu-ZSM-5/cordierite were thought as promising automobile exhaust catalysts under lean conditions. Copper is the main active component in the Cu-ZSM-5/ cordierite catalyst and Cu(II), which was found in the catalyst during the proceeding of reaction by XPS, is thought to be essential. On the basis of this, deNOx process over Cu-ZSM-5/cordierite is also discussed.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) ever since their discovery have visualized widespread potential applications in various domains owing to their unique structure and outstanding mechanical and electronic properties. With increasing commercial interests and industrial scale production facilities currently under construction, CNT supply and demand are expected to grow rapidly over the next decade. This high production constitute a serious concern over the health and environmental risks of CNTs once they are released to the environment. Therefore, knowledge of toxic compound adsorption by carbon nanomaterials is critical and useful for the risk assessment of these nanotubes. Adsorption of two synthetic organic compounds (SOCs) by three single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) was systematically studied under different water quality conditions. For comparison, a microporous activated carbon fiber (ACF10) and a bimodal porous granular activated carbon (HD4000) with similar surface chemistry were also employed in this work. Experimental results demonstrate that the competition between SOCs and NOM uptakes of adsorbents with similar surface affinity to water was not controlled by surface area or pore volume but controlled by their pore size distributions. Both direct competition for adsorption sites and pore blockage by NOM occurred in the adsorption of SOCs. For the microporous ACF10, due to the inaccessibility of the small micropores to NOM macromolecules, pore blockage predominated in the competition, whereas for the bimodal mesoporous HD4000 direct site competition dominates which led to a reduction in SOC uptake and in surface heterogeneity of the adsorbent. Compared with ACF10 and HD4000, the effects of NOM preloading and simultaneous adsorption on SWNTs were much weaker, implying that once released into natural water body, SWNTs will adsorb a considerable amount of toxic SOCs and transfer them to other systems by the transportation of the nanotubes. Compared with the effect of NOM, the effects of ionic strength and pH of the bulk solution on the adsorption of SOCs on SWNTs were insignificant. 2009 © American Water Works Association WQTC Conference Proceedings. All Rights Reserved.