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IntroductionDiabetes mellitus (DM) has been proved to contribute to multiple comorbidities that are risk factors for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Remarkably, evidences from epidemiologic studies have demonstrated a negative association between the two disease states. On the other hand, hyperglycemic state was linked to post-operative morbidities following AAA repair. This review aims to provide a thorough picture on the double-edged nature of DM and major hypoglycemic medications on prevalence, growth rate and rupture of AAA, as well as DM-associated prognosis post AAA repair.MethodsWe performed a comprehensive search in electronic databases to look for literatures demonstrating the association between DM and AAA. The primary focus of the literature search was on the impact of DM on the morbidity, enlargement and rupture rate, as well as post-operative complications of AAA. The role of antidiabetic medications was also explored.ResultsRetrospective epidemiological studies and large database researches associated the presence of DM with decreased prevalence, slower expansion and limited rupture rate of AAA. Major hypoglycemic drugs exert similar protective effect as DM against AAA by targeting pathological hallmarks involved in AAA formation and progression, which were demonstrated predominantly by animal studies. Nevertheless, presence of DM or postoperative hyperglycemia was linked to poorer short-term and long-term prognosis, primarily due to greater risk of infection, longer duration of hospital stays and death.ConclusionWhile DM is a positive factor in the formation and progression of AAA, it is also associated with higher risk of negative outcomes following AAA repair. Concomitant use of antidiabetic medications may contribute to the protective mechanism of DM in AAA, but further studies are still warranted to explore their role following AAA repair.

Tension-tension fatigue experiments on composite laminates were performed under various fatigue stress levels. Static and fatigue failure modes of specimens were analyzed and compared. S–N curves of fatigue life data were built using exponent function. Fatigue life distribution was described by two different distributions, logarithm-normal and two parameters Weibull distribution. Then fatigue life under various probability of survival was calculated and R-S–N curves were built, which indicated the high probability of survival lead to smaller reliability fatigue life. Finally, a new S–N curve model was proposed, which exhibited good accuracy with experimental results.

Additional file 3: Method S1. Additive Cox regression model. Method S2. Nonlinear Mendelian randomization analysis.

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Flow chart for selection of study participants. Fig. S2. Association between alcohol intake level and risk of HCC in subgroups by alcohol intake frequency. Fig. S3. Association between alcohol intake level and risk of HCC in subgroups by whether taken alcohol with meal. Fig. S4. Association of alcohol consumption with the risk of HCC by sex, age, and baseline ALT levels. Fig. S5. Association of alcohol consumption with the risk of HCC by genotypes of PNPLA3 rs738409 and TM6SF2 rs58542926. Fig. S6. Association between alcohol intake and risk of HCC in women, excluding those mainly drank wine. Fig. S7. Association between alcohol intake and risk of HCC in individuals with normal ALT levels, excluding those mainly drank wine. Fig. S8. Association between alcohol intake and risk of HCC in people aged < 60 years, excluding those mainly drank wine. Fig. S9. Association between alcohol intake and risk of HCC in individuals carrying CC genotype of TM6SF2 rs58542926, excluding those mainly drank wine. Fig. S10. Association between alcohol intake and risk of HCC in individuals carrying CC genotype of PNPLA3 rs738409, excluding those mainly drank wine. Fig. S11. Association between alcohol intake and risk of HCC in men mainly drinking wine. Fig. S12. Association between alcohol intake and risk of HCC in people aged > = 60 years and mainly drank wine. Fig. S13. Association between alcohol intake and risk of HCC in individuals had abnormal ALT level and mainly drank wine. Fig. S14. Association between alcohol intake and risk of HCC in individuals carrying CC/GG genotype of PNPLA3 rs738409 and mainly drank wine. Fig. S15. Association between alcohol intake and risk of HCC in individuals carrying CT/TT genotype of TM6SF2 rs58542926 and mainly drank wine. Fig. S16. Effects of moderate drinking on serum levels of ALT and AST by sex. Fig. S17. Effects of moderate drinking on serum levels of ALT and AST by age. Fig. S18. Effects of moderate drinking on serum levels of ALT and AST by genotypes of TM6SF2 rs58542926. Fig. S19. Effects of moderate drinking on serum levels of ALT and AST by genotypes of PNPLA3 rs738409.

Additional file 2: Table S1. Calculation of pure alcohol intake in the UK Biobank cohort. Table S2. Prevalent and incident diseases in the UK Biobank cohort. Table S3. Characteristics of the study participants by levels of alcohol drinking. Table S4. AIC values for the additive Cox regression models with different degree of freedom. Table S5. Statistics for the nonlinear Mendelian randomization analysis. Table S6. AIC values for the additive Cox regression models with the exclusion of people mainly drinking wine. Table S7. AIC values for the additive Cox regression models in people mainly drinking wine.

Although capillary and permeability are the two most important physical properties controlling fluid distribution and flow in nature, the interconnectivity function between them was a pressing challenge. Because knowing permeability leads to determining capillary pressure. Geodynamics (e.g., subsurface water, CO2 sequestration) and organs (e.g., plants, blood vessels) depend on capillary pressure and permeability. The first determines how far the fluid can reach, while the second determines how fast the fluid can flow in porous media. They are also vital to designing synthetic materials and micro-objects like membranes and micro-robotics. Here, we reveal the capillary and permeability intertwined behavior function. And demonstrate the unique physical connectors: pore throat size and network, linking capillary pressure and permeability. Our discovery quantifies the inverse relationship between capillary pressure and permeability for the first time, which we analytically derived and experimentally proved., Comment: 1- Added the Acknowledgement section

Permeability has a dominant influence on the flow properties of a natural fluid. Lattice Boltzmann simulator determines permeability from the nano and micropore network. The simulator holds millions of flow dynamics calculations with its accumulated errors and high consumption of computing power. To efficiently and consistently predict permeability, we propose a morphology decoder, a parallel and serial flow reconstruction of machine learning segmented heterogeneous Cretaceous texture from 3D micro computerized tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance images. For 3D vision, we introduce controllable-measurable-volume as new supervised segmentation, in which a unique set of voxel intensity corresponds to grain and pore throat sizes. The morphology decoder demarks and aggregates the morphologies boundaries in a novel way to produce permeability. Morphology decoder method consists of five novel processes, which describes in this paper, these novel processes are: (1) Geometrical 3D Permeability, (2) Machine Learning guided 3D Properties Recognition of Rock Morphology, (3) 3D Image Properties Integration Model for Permeability, (4) MRI Permeability Imager, and (5) Morphology Decoder (the process that integrates the other four novel processes)., Comment: 1- Added Affiliation section. 2- Added Remark section. 3- Applied grammar corrections

Deep cup-shaped parts were forged at 723 K from Mg-3Al-1Zn alloy extruded rods. The obtained microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties were examined by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, electron backscattered diffraction, and compression testing. Results indicate that the evolution of the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy can be divided into 2 distinct stages by the corner. For all tested specimens, the narrowest elongated grains, finest dynamic recrystallized grains, and strongest intensity of texture were obtained at the corner. Distinct differences in mechanical properties were presented both between the testing directions and among the tested locations. For the specimens tested in the same direction, yield strength increased with the texture flow. This result is consistent with the fraction of deformed grains but not with the variation in grain size or texture intensity.

Rapid production of doubled haploids (DHs) through isolated microspore culture is an important and promising method for genetic study of alfalfa. To induce embryogenesis in alfalfa, isolated microspores were submitted to abiotic stresses during their initial culture, in order to stimulate them to form embryos and plantlets. ‘Baoding’ and ‘Zhongmu No 1’ alfalfa cultivars supported reproducible and reliable proliferation response irrespective of any stress treatment of microspores. The microspore developmental stage for isolated microspore culture was studied and we found that uninucleate microspores were best to initiate culture. Exposure of microspores to appropriate low temperature or heat shock stresses were able to increase the efficiency of embryogenesis. The most effective low-temperature treatment was 4 °C for 24 h and the frequency of plantlets induction was 20.0%. The most effective heat shock treatment was 32 °C for 2 d and the frequency of plantlets induction was 14.17%. The analysis of ploidy level performed by flow cytometer revealed that the majority of 278 regenerated plantlets were haploid (65.83%) or doubled haploid (33.81%). This is the first report of haploid production in alfalfa through isolated microspore culture.

The CeO2-V2O5-WO3/TiO2 (CeO2-VWT) catalysts were prepared by one-step and two-step impregnation methods. The effects of different loading of CeO2 and different preparation methods on De-NOx activity of catalysts had been investigated. CeO2 helped to improve the De-NOx activity and sulfur resistance. The optimal loading of CeO2 was 3% with the De-NOx efficiency reached 89.9% at 140°C. The results showed that the De-NOx activity of 3% CeO2-VWTcatalysts by one-step method was the same as two-step method basically and reached the level of industrial applications, the N2 selectivity of catalysts was more than 99.2% between 110°C and 320°C. In addition, CeO2 promoted the oxidation of NO to NO2, which adsorbed on the Lewis acid site (V5+═O) to form V5+═NO3 and inspired the fast SCR reaction. Not only the thermal stability but also the De-NOx activity of catalysts decreased with excess CeO2 competed with V2O5. Characterizations of catalysts were carried out by XRF, BET, XRD, TG and FT-IR. BETshowed that the specific surface area of catalysts decreased with the loading of CeO2 increased, the active components content and specific surface area of catalysts decreased slightly after entering SO2. Ammonium sulfate species were formed in poisoned catalyst which had been investigated by XRF, BET, TG and FT-IR. The largest loss rate of weight fraction was 0.024%∙°C–1 at 380°C–390°C, which was in accordance with the decomposition temperature of NH4HSO4 and (NH4)2SO4. Open image in new window

A series of Co-La catalysts were prepared using the wet impregnation method and the synthesis of catalysts were modified by controlling pH with the addition of ammonium hydroxide or oxalic solution. All the catalysts were systematically investigated for NO oxidation and SO2 resistance in a fixed bed reactor and were characterized by Brunanuer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X–ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric (TG) and Ion Chromatography (IC). Among the catalysts, the one synthesized at pH = 1 exhibited the maximum NO conversion of 43% at 180°C. The activity of the catalyst was significantly suppressed by the existence of SO2 (300 ppm) at 220°C. Deactivation may have been associated with the generation of cobalt sulfate, and the SO2 adsorption quantity of the catalyst might also have effected sulfur resistance. In the case of the compact selective catalytic reduction (SCR), the activity increased from 74% to 91% at the highest gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 300000 h–1 when the NO catalyst maintained the highest activity, in excess of 50% more than that of the standard SCR. Open image in new window

With China’s rapid evolution into car society, environmental and social problems with traffic in the city are concerned by people. For lack of car culture in China in compared with U.S., it has practical significance to publicize and popularize the knowledge of car among the undergraduate students major in non-vehicle engineering. These subsistent problems were analyzed and discussed, the author put forward some countermeasure and advices, and also the selective course “car and her culture” for students, which intended to educate them about the negative impact of cars on quality of life and on the environment. According to the objective need combined years of teaching experience, the authors present the main teaching contents and ideas, programs of instruction and innovated teaching mode of this course. Then lists out the teaching guidelines, put it into teaching practice by means of multimedia, internet and campus car culture festival etc. It has obtained good teaching and practice effect. Meanwhile, it can enhance the students learn cars comprehensive knowledge and broaden their horizons.

With the development of the world economy, the financial industry which has become the core of modern economy plays more importance role of financial. The bank is the leading financial system. Therefore, the development of banking industry in the financial system and the entire economic system holds an important position. As the oldest and most important risk, credit risk is the main risk that China's banking industry has been facing. This paper also selects the 28 financial indicators from 64 listed companies. We analyze the commercial bank credit risk of our country through the Logistic regression model. We get the conclusion that it is feasible that use Logistic model to evaluate our country commercial bank credit risk. Finally, we present countermeasures to enhance credit risk of our country commercial bank.

Intersections are of great importance to highway network, and it is commonly thought that traffic accidents happen more at intersections than normal segments. Traffic conflicts and traffic flow changes always exist at some extention of intersections. It’s extremely crucial to recognize the influence extention of intersections to the network, which can help to indentify the safety status of the intersections and to take corresponding countermeasures. The distribution of traffic accidents along the intersection center of each direction are analyzed based on the traffic accident database using traffic accident index. The distribution line of traffic accident index around intersections is like a Gaussian function, which is more higher at center. The line vividly shows that traffic accidents happen more at intersection centers, and decrease gradually as the space to intersection center increases, while the distribution of traffic accidents seems no change when the space is more than about 400 meters. 325 meters at each direction from intersection center are recognized as the intersection influence extention on two-lane highway after deeper analysis.

In crop planting decision process, they make their planting decisions decided by subjective experience and judgment, it often appears the circumstance that the plan seriously out of accordance with actuality. It seriously affects the accomplishment of the farm's production target when enlarging their planting scale. This paper illustrates that a planting decision system based on SA(simulated annealing algorithm) is designed to solve planting decision problems by using some datum and modes. To some extent, this system achieves agricultural automation operation.

The analysis of image acquiesce model is brought forward to the automation examine system in the subject. The results show that thinking form the information science break a new ground for controlling and distinction of complicated system.

Pictures are one of the important elements of which the application is composed. A programmer is able to choose suitable treatment according to the system requirement. In PowerBuilder picture control and ole control are the most commonly-used methods; blob data type field is used to access picture files in database and function of data window is used to display pictures dynamically. Each method has its own characteristics and application conditions. This article discusses and explores the methods of storage and display of picture files in PowerBuilder.

In a WCDMA software radio base station (WSRBS), the baseband signal processing (deinterleaving, decoding, etc.) corresponding to each dedicated physical data channel (DPDCH) is implemented by processors. As there are many DPDCHs, a lot of digital signal processors are needed and a WSRBS can be regarded as a multiprocessor system (MPS). The baseband signal processing (BSP) corresponding to each DPDCH is defined as a task and an algorithm to schedule tasks in WSRBS is proposed. This algorithm minimizes the maximum completion time of tasks and at the same time meets the time constraints of tasks.