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BackgroundPapillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) is defined as a papillary carcinoma measuring ≤ 10 mm. The current management of PTMC has become more conservative; however, there are high-risk tumor features that can be revealed only postoperatively. For thyroid cancer, BRAF mutations and somatic copy number variation (CNV) are the most common genetic events. Molecular testing may contribute to clinical decision-making by molecular risk stratification, for example predicting lymph node (LN) metastasis. Here, we build a risk stratification model based on molecular profiling of thyroid fine needle aspiration (FNA) washout DNA (wDNA) for the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules.MethodsFifty-eight patients were recruited, FNA wDNA samples were analyzed using CNV profiling through low-coverage whole genome sequencing (LC-WGS) and BRAF mutation was analyzed using quantitative PCR. FNA pathology was reported as a Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (BSRTC) score. Ultrasound examination produced a Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TIRADS) score.ResultsIn total, 37 (63.8%) patients with a TIRADS score of 4A, 13 (22.4%) patients with a TIRADS score of 4B, and 8 (13.8%) patients with a TIRADS score of 4C were recruited after ultrasound examination. All patients underwent FNA with wDNA profiling. CNVs were identified in 17 (29.3%) patients. CNVs were frequent in patients with a BSRTC score of V or VI, including eight (47.1%) patients with a score of VI and five (29.4%) with a score of V, but not in patients with a score of III, II, or I (0%). BRAF mutation was not significantly correlated with BSRTC score. LN metastasis was found more frequently in CNV-positive (CNV+) than in CNV-negative (CNV–) patients (85.7% vs. 34.6%, odds ratio = 11.33, p = 0.002). In total, three molecular subtypes of thyroid nodules were identified in this study: 1) CNV+, 2) CNV– and BRAF positive (BRAF+), and 3) CNV– and BRAF negative (BRAF–). For the CNV+ subtype, 10 (83.3%) lesions with LN metastasis were found, including four (100%) small lesions (i.e. ≤ 5 mm). For the CNV– and BRAF+ nodules, LN metastases were detected in only seven (60.0%) larger tumors (i.e. > 5 mm). For CNV– and BRAF– tumors, LN metastasis was also frequently found in larger tumors only.ConclusionsIt is feasible to identify high-risk LN metastasis thyroid cancer from FNA washout samples preoperatively using wDNA CNV profiling using LC-WGS.

The coal-bearing sequences of the Late Permian in southwest China are enriched in critical elements Sc, V, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Nb, Ta, Zr and Hf. Ascertaining the conditions and basis for the enrichment of critical elements in this area is very important to support the critical metal demands of China. In this study, we analyzed the concentrations of elemental compositions of coal samples collected from the Late Permian Guishan coalfield in the eastern Yunnan, China. The results show that the C4-Upper coal seam of the Feilongma mine and C5 + 10 coal seam of the Shipeng mine are indeed rich in critical elements. The average concentration coefficients (CC) of transition metal elements Sc, V, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn are 3.23 and 2.93, respectively, in the two coal seams. The average CCs of high-field-strength elements Nb, Ta, Zr, and Hf and non-variable valence chalcophile elements Ga and In are 2.21 and 2.53, respectively, in the two coal seams. The C4-Upper coal seam of the Feilongma mine can be divided into two sections based on the different ash contents, and the CCs of the critical elements in the two sections are almost equal. The main minerals in the two coal seams are kaolinite, siderite, quartz, gypsum, rozenite and marcasite. Multiple indicators of provenance show that the enrichment of critical elements in the Guishan coalfield is controlled by clastic terrigenous material. The source area of the Guishan coalfield is Kangdian Oldland in the northwest, and the main clastic materials are related with high-Ti basalts from the Emeishan Large Igneous Province.

Supplement Material, sj-pdf-1-inq-10.1177_00469580221081437 for Integrating Multidisciplinary Individualized Medication Recommendations Into the Traditional Pharmacists’ Consultation Method: A Retrospective Study Using Propensity Score Matching Analysis by Xiucong Fan, Danxia Chen, Siwei Bao, Rong Bai, Fang Fang, Xiaohui Dong, Yuyi Zhang, Xiaogang Zhang, Yabin Ma and Xiaobo Zhai in INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing

LRWXG has previously been reported to have a protective effect on chondrocytes, preventing apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. In this study, we were aimed at determining whether LRWXG exerts its anti-apoptotic activity through the MAPK signaling pathways in chondrocytes. Our results show that, at the cellular level, apoptosis of chondrocytes in the groups treated by LRWXG decreases compared with groups treated by inhibitors alone and model group under conditions of oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically at the molecular level, LRWXG regulates the MAPK pathway induced by oxidative stress: The levels of phosphorylation of JNK and p38 proteins in the groups treated by LRWXG are lower than model group, while compared with corresponding groups of inhibitors, there are no significant difference; For other related proteins, LRWXG reduces the levels of the apoptosis-related proteins BAX and cleaved caspase-3, and increases the level of anti-apoptotic protein BCL2. In addition, LRWXG can significantly reduce the levels of inflammatory-related factors such as COX2, PEG2, TNFα and IL1β, and inhibits the expression of MMPs, increasing the content of type II collagen. The results of this research strongly suggest that LRWXG exerts its anti-apoptotic activity via regulating the MAPK signaling pathways in vitro.

This paper mainly introduces the development status of radio frequency / infrared stealth materials, puts forward the application of nanostructured composite materials in stealth field, describes the characteristics and stealth mechanism of nanostructured composite materials, expounds the research status of a nanostructured composite carbon fiber material in radar and infrared stealth technology, and introduces the latest research results and application status of this material prepared by The 33rd Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation in detail.Through data simulation and modeling, the stealth characteristic data of the nanostructured composite carbon fiber material are calculated. The material performance has reached the international advanced level, which can be applied in the future more complex electromagnetic environment, further improving the wartime survival ability of electronic equipment, and looking forward to the application prospect of the new nanostructured composite materials in the field of stealth.

A thermal atomic ensemble-based laser source with superior frequency stability is proposed that relies on the accumulated contributions from an abundance of nonzero-transverse-velocity atomic ensembles. Compared with the traditional case in which only atoms with near-zero transverse velocities are utilized, the amplitude of the optical Ramsey fringes for a thermal calcium beam can be dramatically enhanced by three orders of magnitude or more, thus, the signal-to-noise ratio can be improved 33-fold. Based on the recent results of atomic interferometry-based laser stabilization, a quantum projection noise-limited frequency instability less than 2E-17/tau^0.5 is feasible. Such an ultrastable laser has promising applications in diverse areas, including metrology and astronomy.

A steep seam similar simulation system was developed based on the geological conditions of a steep coal seam in the Xintie Coal Mine. Basing on similar simulation, together with theoretical analysis and field measurement, an in-depth study was conducted to characterize the fracture and stability of the roof of steep working face and calculate the width of the region backfilled with gangue in the goaf. The results showed that, as mining progressed, the immediate roof of the steep face fell upon the goaf and backfilled its lower part due to gravity. As a result, the roof in the lower part had higher stability than the roof in the upper part of the working face. The deformation and fracture of main roof mainly occurred in the upper part of the working face; the fractured main roof then formed a “voussoir beam” structure in the strata’s dip direction, which was subjected to the slip- and deformation-induced instability. The stability analysis indicated that, when the dip angle increased, the rock masses had greater capacity to withstand slip-induced instability but smaller capacity to withstand deformation-induced instability. Finally, the field measurement of the forces exerted on the hydraulic supports proved the characteristics of the roof’s behaviors during the mining of a steep seam.

This paper introduces a novel approach that integrates the radiating behaviors of reflectarrays and transmitarrays together. A new type dual-mode phase shifting array is applied for validation, which consists of split-diagonal-cross unit cells and a polarizing grid. The horizontal and vertical polarized incident waves are separated into reflecting and transmitting modes due to the grid. Accordingly, one can easily switch the array between the forward and backward radiating modes individually. This simple solution could be potential as the increasing requirement of high integration in modern communications.

This paper presents the broadband design method for reflectarray (RA) antennas. The differential evolution (DE) algorithm has been applied to balance the spatial phase delay errors in the whole work band. A RA antenna consisted of split ring elements has been proposed to validate the method. Numerical analysis and simulation results suggest this optimization an appropriate method to improve bandwidth for RAs. The 1-dB gain bandwidth exhibits a promotion from 8.9% to 15.6%.

In order to reduce energy loss of steering system, a high energy efficiency electronic control independent variable speed closed circuit steering principle is proposed. All the hydraulic valves of the original steering system are removed, the required flow of the hydraulic steering cylinder is supplied by the fixed displacement pump, independently and directly. The servo motor speed is set proportional to the steering speed of an independent electric controlled steering wheel. Thus the output flow and the output volume of the pump match with steering speed and the steering angular of the wheel loader, respectively. To verify the feasibility and stability of the steering system during the automatic steering process, firstly, a co-simulation model of proposed steering system is built in the SimulationX software. Then, in order to validate the dynamic characteristics of the steering system, the test prototype of it is established. Finally, energy consumption of new steering systems is analyzed. Based on the results, by using the energy-saving closed circle pump controlled flow matching steering system the throttling loss, the relief loss and the median unloading loss of the steering process are eliminated, the energy consumption is reduced by 61%. A wheel loader can save about 83. 6 L of fuel. If this energy-saving steering system is adopted to all wheel loaders in china, the carbon emissions of 3.3 * 104 T will be reduced per year.

Supplemental document

Supplemental document

Body fluids contain many populations of extracellular vesicles (EV) that differ in size, cellular origin, molecular composition, and biological activities. EV in seminal plasma are in majority originating from prostate epithelial cells, and hence are also referred to as prostasomes. Nevertheless, EV are also contributed by other accessory sex glands, as well as by the testis and epididymis. In a previous study, we isolated EV from seminal plasma of vasectomized men, thereby excluding contributions from the testis and epididymis, and identified two distinct EV populations with diameters of 50 and 100 nm, respectively. In the current study, we comprehensively analyzed the protein composition of these two EV populations using quantitative Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In total 1558 proteins were identified. Of these, &asymp, 45% was found only in the isolated 100 nm EV, 1% only in the isolated 50 nm EV, and 54% in both 100 nm and 50 nm EV. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis suggest that both originate from the prostate, but with distinct biogenesis pathways. Finally, nine proteins, including KLK3, KLK2, MSMB, NEFH, PSCA, PABPC1, TGM4, ALOX15B, and ANO7, with known prostate specific expression and alternate expression levels in prostate cancer tissue were identified. These data have potential for the discovery of EV associated prostate cancer biomarkers in blood.

Ferrofluids, formed by magnetic nanoparticles uniformly dispersed in a liquid carrier, respond to an external magnetic field, which enable the fluid’s position by applying a magnetic field. Here, ferrofluids composed of Fe3O4 nanoparticles with oleic acid and oleylamine as the surfactant and photoresist, respectively, were prepared. Under an external magnetic field, the movement and the position of ferrofluids and the injection of the fluids into complex shapes were easily achieved. The ferrofluid surfaces were distorted under the magnetic field, and the surface structue was controlled by the applied field strength. Using a photoresist as the liquid carrier, it was possible to solidify the ferrofluids by UV irradiation. The shape and the position of the solid superparamagnetic nanoparticles/polymer composites were also determined by the external magnetic field.

Extracellular vesicles (EV) are membrane encapsulated nanoparticles that can function in intercellular communication, and their presence in biofluids can be indicative for (patho)physiological conditions. Studies aiming to resolve functionalities of EV or to discover EV-associated biomarkers for disease in liquid biopsies are hampered by limitations of current protocols to isolate EV from biofluids or cell culture medium. EV isolation is complicated by the >105-fold numerical excess of other types of particles, including lipoproteins and protein complexes. In addition to persisting contaminants, currently available EV isolation methods may suffer from inefficient EV recovery, bias for EV subtypes, interference with the integrity of EV membranes, and loss of EV functionality. In this study, we established a novel three-step non-selective method to isolate EV from blood or cell culture media with both high yield and purity, resulting in 71% recovery and near to complete elimination of unrelated (lipo)proteins. This EV isolation procedure is independent of ill-defined commercial kits, and apart from an ultracentrifuge, does not require specialised expensive equipment.

We propose an improved strategy for control of underactuated two-link manipulator named acrobots. Initial conditions of nonlinear systems determine its trajectory even under same control law, so we introduce a firing control law to change initial conditions, which leads a better performance. The motion space is divided into three areas: firing, swing-up and attractive; control laws for each are designed. For swing-up area, a control law based on a weak-control Lyapunov function(WCLF) is employed to increase the energy and control the posture of the actuated link For attractive area, a control law based on poles placement is designed. Stability is guaranteed in the swing-up area by the use of a WCLF based on LaSalle's invariance principle. Finally, an example is used to compare with previous results.

Macroscale friction behaviour originates from microscale asperity interactions. However, it is still not well-understood how the microscale asperity interactions determine the macroscale friction behaviour under different loading conditions. The current study aims to numerically investigate and reveal the friction behaviour and mechanism of sliding and rolling-sliding contacts, in particular, to quantitatively study the microscale asperity interactions and their contributions to overall friction behaviour. The following contributions have been made in this thesis. Firstly, an analytical model for the contact of rough surfaces was derived based on the essentials and the physical understanding of the contact phenomena, as presented in Chapter 4. The contact process of Gaussian random surfaces and fractal surfaces were studied and presented in terms of the real contact area, elastic load, plastic load, and plastic ratio. Secondly, an innovative friction prediction model was derived in Chapter 5, where the macroscale sliding friction was predicted from the combined result of the molecular and mechanical components of each individual asperity. Numerical results provide insight into the effect of surface roughness on the mechanical and molecular components of friction, that is, the mechanical component dominates the friction coefficient when the surface is rough, whilst the friction coefficient is mainly determined by the molecular component when the surface is relatively smooth. Furthermore, an optimal roughness value for minimising the friction coefficient is predicted. Thirdly, a numerical model for the friction prediction of rolling-sliding contact in mixed Elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) was developed in Chapter 6, where the friction of mixed EHL was predicted by the combined result of lubricants fluid, boundary film and solid-to-solid frictions. Numerical results demonstrate that: 1) the friction is dominated by the solid-to-solid ploughing and adhesion friction in boundary lubrication regime, 2) in the mixed EHL regime, the overall friction coefficient shows a significant decreasing trend with the increase in velocity due to the decrease in solid-to-solid friction, and 3) the boundary film friction does not show a significant influence on the overall friction in both boundary and mixed lubrication regimes.

Background Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a common and frequently-occurring disease in clinical practice. There are many interventions to treat it, and percutaneous endoscopic decompression (PED) is one of them, but their relative efficacy and safety remains unclear. Hence, the present study aims to synthesize the available direct and indirect evidence on the PED and other treatments for LSS. Methods The following databases will be searched: Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM). The search dates will be set from the inception to April 2019. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) will be included in this network meta-analysis (NMA) and their risk of bias will be assessed using Cochrane handbook tool by 2 independent authors. The efficacy outcomes including: Back and Leg Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score, MacNab criteria, the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score. The safety outcomes including: incidence of complications (dura tear, incomplete decompression, reoperation, etc.). A network meta-analysis will be performed using R x64 3.5.1 software and pairwise meta-analysis will be conducted using Stata 12.0 software. Grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) will be used to assess evidence quality. Results The results of NMA will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal. Conclusion The NMA will provide a comprehensive evidence summary on treatments for patients with LSS. Protocol registration number CRD42019120509.

The purpose of this paper is to review our experience and study the feasibility and clinical results of one-stage total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee with extra-articular deformity.Nine patients with osteoarthritis of the knee associated with extra-articular deformity underwent one-stage TKA from June 2006 to April 2010. There were two men and seven women, with an average age of 51 years (range 34-69 years); four of them had tibial deformities and five had femoral deformities. Eight of the cases resulted from malunion after fracture healing and one from femoral recurvatum. Six of the cases had uniplanar and three had biplanar deformities. The average angles of the femoral deformities were 13.3° in the coronal plane (8-22) and 11.3° in the sagittal plane (6-15); one femur had 10° external rotational deformity. Tibial deformity of 16° in the coronal plane (11-22) was noted, and one had sagittal plane deformity of 21°.All patients were followed for an average of 29 months. The average Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score improved from 18.7 points pre-operatively to 89.8 points at the time of last follow-up; the range of knee motion improved from 46.7° preoperatively to 100.6° postoperatively. The average angle of mechanical axis deviation was restored from 11.8° preoperatively to 1° postoperatively. One of the patients had unsatisfactory clinical results due to delayed union at the osteotomy site. No complications such as infection, deep vein thrombosis, ligament instability, low level or subluxed/dislocated patella or component loosening were observed. One-stage TKA with intra-articular correction of the extra-articular deformity was performed in seven patients, included proper planning, appropriate bone cuts to restore alignment and the necessary soft tissue releases to balance the knee in flexion and extension. Two patients underwent simultaneous extra-articular correctional osteotomy and TKA because the deformity was so large. Five knees that had good collateral ligamentous stability and balance received a posterior stabilised prosthesis; four knees that had ligamentous instability received a constrained condylar knee (CCK) prosthesis.One-stage TKA is a technically difficult but effective treatment for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee and extra-articular deformity. If feasible we recommend TKA with intra-articular bone resection and soft tissue balancing.

This paper is to discuss the difficulties of the traditional photonic crystals (PhC) -based superprisms.

As the data collected in rotary kiln is rather nonlinear ,linear transforming such as PCA、ICA and LPP to extract feature is not ideal, while manifold learning performs well in high dimensional nonlinear data transform. A new Hidden Markov Model (HMM) based method combined with Locally Linear Embedding (LLE) to predict the coal feeding trend is put forward. Firstly, LLE-HMM conducts nonlinear feature transforms on the sample data by LLE, then the feature data is quantized into observation symbol and HMM is establish to predict the coal feeding trend finally. Through the simulation of the sample data in rotary kiln production process and compared with PCA-HMM、ICA-HMM、LPP-HMM, the results of LLE-HMM shows that it has higher measurement accuracy, better tracking performance, which can satisfy the prediction of coal feeding requirements.

In order to reduce accidents in nuclear power plant, simulation for operator training and system validation precommission is very important. The application of Foxboro I/A control system in nuclear power plant leads to the development of its virtual simulation software. In this paper, a reasonable structure of its virtual software is established. Real-time server software VCP and human-machine interface VWP form the two parts of the virtual simulation software. The VCP is built by VC6.0++; the VWP page is embedded by ActiveX dynamic OCX and browsed by IE. The Virtual simulation software for Foxboro I/A control system is crucial to security and economy of nuclear power plant in present and in the future.

Each micro power in the micro-grid has its own characteristics, the fans and solar power has unstable power output at different time, it is greatly affected by the environmental factors, while diesel engine has stable power but consumes resources. At present the micro power control is based on the SOC of the storage battery, and it can cause loss of energy while full charge battery meat the fans and solar peak power generation. In order to maximize the use of natural energy, reduce the loss of the resources, and increase economic benefits, it is important to design a control system which based on the future power and load status within a period of time. According to the Zhu-Hai island Fans-Solar-Storage system (FSS), this paper puts forward a structure of the automatic generation control system, use the fuzzy neural control method to get the battery status, while the forecast data of the load and generation, the SOC of the battery as input parameters, then monitored each output signal. The MATLAB simulation results shows that this automatic generation control system can control each micro power, reduce the use frequency of the diesel engine, maximum use of the wind and solar energy.

Polysaccharide is widely found in plants and microorganisms. The research of polysaccharide becomes one of the most active research areas in bioscience. In this study, the anti-oxidation experimental model was established and the elimination of the ultra oxygen anion and DPPH free radical was studied. Our results suggest that korean aconite roof polysaccharide has enormously cleared ability to the ultra oxygen anion and DPPH free radical. Korean aconite roof polysaccharides can be used as a natural anti-oxidation for human cardiovascular disease treatment and preventive health care.

Porcine pancreatic islets fused with pCTLA4-Ig were transplanted into diabetic rats. Xenografts survival was observed, and the underlying immunological rejection mechanisms were investigated.Control porcine islets, empty vector (Adv-GFP)-transfected, and gene-modified porcine islets were transplanted into the renal capsule of diabetic rats. The survival rates of the xenografts were observed. Changes in serum levels of IL-4 and γ-IFN in the recipients were assessed.The survival time of xenografts in the gene-modified porcine islets group was 34.50 ± 4.14 days, which was longer than those in the control group (34.50 ± 4.14 days vs. 7.43 ± 1.72 days and 7.22 ± 1.72 days; P 0.01). Changes in the serum levels of IL-4 and γ-IFN between the groups of rats post-transplantation indicated the differentiation bias of T helper cells.The donor-originated pCTLA-IgG4 fusion protein inhibits the direct pathway of recipient T-cell priming, which might prolong xenograft survival.

We study the evolutions of the nonmagnetic disorder-induced edge states with the disorder strength in the HgTe/CdTe quantum wells. From the supercell band structures and wave-functions, it is clearly shown that the conducting helical edge states, which are responsible for the reported quantized conductance plateau, appear above a critical disorder strength after a gap-closing phase transition. These edge states are then found to decline with the increase of disorder strength in a stepwise pattern due to the finite-width effect, where the opposite edges couple with each other through the localized states in the bulk. This is in sharp contrast with the localization of the edge states themselves if magnetic disorders are doped which breaks the time-reversal symmetry. The size-independent boundary of the topological phase is obtained by scaling analysis, and an Anderson transition to an Anderson insulator at even stronger disorder is identified, in-between of which, a metallic phase is found to separate the two topologically distinct phases., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures

A proportion factor is constructed though the Maximum Aposteriori Probability of examples in test data to select the training examples in incremental learning process. Instead of complex normal classify loss expression, the proportion factor λ is used to estimate the classify loss to improve classification efficiency. The final experiment shows that this algorithm is feasible, and more accurate than simple Bayesian classifier. The computing time is highly reduced on the optimal selection of examples in incremental learning process.

The level space theory based on the partial order is present from the level wise search algorithm to construct a theoretical frame. Several properties of the level space are drawn and proved in this paper. The present concept of border and transversal can be looked as a property of level space.

An algorithm of data fusion based on fuzzy theory is proposed for the temperature's trend judgment of industry rotary kiln in this paper, which is a key for the automation of this complex industrial process. Previous temperature's detection is based on the flame image process that is easy to be disturbed by dust and smog in the sintering strand. The algorithm proposed in this paper can overcome this disadvantage effectively. In the end, a real time expert control system based on the novel temperature detection method is shown .The practice shows that expert control system with this method can achieve high robust and good utility.