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Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-trj-10.1177_00405175231181088 for Different assembled nano-MnO2 fiber supercapacitors applied for smart wearable clothing by Qi Wang, Mengfan Wang, Jiali Sun, Xiaolin Zhang, Weichun Chen, Xichen Yu and Wei Fan in Textile Research Journal

Quantum incompatibility is referred as the phenomenon that some quantum measurements cannot be performed simultaneously, and is also used in various quantum information tasks. However, it is still a challenge to certify whether a given set of multiple high-dimensional measurements respects a specific structure of incompatibility. To address this problem, we propose a modified quantum state discrimination protocol that decomposes complex compatibility structures into pair-wise ones and employs noise robustness to witness incompatibility structures. Our method is capable of detecting genuine $n$-wise incompatibility and some specific general compatibility structures, as demonstrated by our experimental verification of incompatibility structures of $4$ mutually unbiased bases in a qutrit system. The experimental results show that our approach is a direct and intuitive tool to witness incompatibility structures in high-dimensional multi-measurement scenarios., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-trj-10.1177_00405175231181088 for Different assembled nano-MnO2 fiber supercapacitors applied for smart wearable clothing by Qi Wang, Mengfan Wang, Jiali Sun, Xiaolin Zhang, Weichun Chen, Xichen Yu and Wei Fan in Textile Research Journal

The long-tailed recognition (LTR) is the task of learning high-performance classifiers given extremely imbalanced training samples between categories. Most of the existing works address the problem by either enhancing the features of tail classes or re-balancing the classifiers to reduce the inductive bias. In this paper, we try to look into the root cause of the LTR task, i.e., training samples for each class are greatly imbalanced, and propose a straightforward solution. We split the categories into three groups, i.e., many, medium and few, according to the number of training images. The three groups of categories are separately predicted to reduce the difficulty for classification. This idea naturally arises a new problem of how to assign a given sample to the right class groups? We introduce a mutual exclusive modulator which can estimate the probability of an image belonging to each group. Particularly, the modulator consists of a light-weight module and learned with a mutual exclusive objective. Hence, the output probabilities of the modulator encode the data volume clues of the training dataset. They are further utilized as prior information to guide the prediction of the classifier. We conduct extensive experiments on multiple datasets, e.g., ImageNet-LT, Place-LT and iNaturalist 2018 to evaluate the proposed approach. Our method achieves competitive performance compared to the state-of-the-art benchmarks.

Supplementary Material 1

Post-inflammatory skin hyper- or hypo-pigmentation is a common occurrence with unclear etiology. There is currently no reliable method to predict skin pigmentation outcomes after inflammation. In this study, we analyzed the 5 GEO datasets to screen for inflammatory-related genes involved in melanogenesis, and used candidate cytokines to establish different machine learning (LASSO regression, logistic regression and Random Forest) models to predict the pigmentation outcomes of post-inflammatory skin. Further, to further validate those models, we evaluated the role of these candidate cytokines in pigment cells. We found that IL-37, CXCL13, CXCL1, CXCL2 and IL-19 showed high predictive value in predictive models. All models accurately classified skin samples with different melanogenesis-related gene scores in the training and testing sets (AUC>0.7). Meanwhile, we mainly evaluated the effects of IL-37 in pigment cells, and found that it increased the melanin content and expression of melanogenesis-related genes (MITF, TYR, TYRP1 and DCT), also enhanced tyrosinase activity. In addition, CXCL13, CXCL1, CXCL2 and IL-19 could down-regulate the expression of several melanogenesis-related genes. In conclusion, evaluation models basing on machine learning may be valuable in predicting outcomes of post-inflammatory pigmentation abnormalities. IL-37, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL13 and IL-19 are involved in regulating post-inflammatory pigmentation abnormalities.

BackgroundWeight loss is an appropriate approach to reduce the health risks associated with overweight/obese children and adolescents, and the optimal method of weight loss requires further research. This study systematically explores scientific co-operation, disciplinary interaction, hotspots and trends in the field of weight loss in overweight/obese children and adolescents (WLOCA), and provides references for further research.MethodsCitespace 5.8.R1 (64-bit) was adopted to conduct a comprehensive visualization analysis of the literature on WLOCA from Web of Science Core Collection, including publication, institution, country/region, author, journal, keywords and reference.Results2,513 papers were found in the Web of Science Core Collection, and the annual number of papers published has increased significantly since 2003. Cincinnati Children's Hospital is the institution with the largest number of publications, while Washington University plays a pivotal role in the collaboration network. In terms of nations, USA has made greater contributions than the rest in terms of the number of publications and global co-operation research. The most influential authors in this field are Thomas H. Inge, Thomas Reinehr, Todd M. Jenkins, Epstein LH, Ogden CL, etc. The most active journals are “Obesity,” “International Journal of Obesity,” “Obesity Surgery,” “Pediatrics,” etc. which are characterized by interdisciplinary interactions. Research hot topics mainly include “assessment of obesity and pathophysiological mechanism,” “comprehensive intervention,” and “bariatric surgery,” and there's a gradual shift from “lifestyle intervention” and “pathophysiological mechanism” to “clinical surgical application.” In addition, disciplinary integration and comprehensive research, targeted intervention and treatment, and prospective research are the future research trends.ConclusionThe overall trend in WLOCA study is positive. The main contribution of this study is to reveal the overall picture of the research in this field with visual maps and detailed data by combining quantitative with qualitative approaches, which can provide valuable references for relevant researchers to quickly understand the status of studies on WLOCA, to seek co-operation, and grasp research hotspots and frontier trends.

Here we reported a case, male, 33 years old, diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection 5 months ago, but he didn’t take antiretroviral drugs regularly. He was admitted to intensive care unit emergently due to hypoxemia, hypercapnia, and hypotension. CT showed severe lower trachea obstruction caused by soft tissue. After rapid bedside assessment, the patient was considered to need endotracheal operation, but he couldn‘t tolerate intubation and mechanical ventilation. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was used. Hemodynamics improved significantly along with rehydration and low-dose vasoactive drugs. Subsequently, the patient underwent rigid bronchoscopy, airway tumor resection and Y-type silicone stent implantation. Postoperatively protective endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation was followed. ECMO was weaned off after the operation, and endotracheal cannula was removed 6 h later. The pathological examination of excisional tissue showed lung squamous cell carcinoma. Finally, the patient was discharged safely and went to local hospital for further treatment. From this case, we conclude that ECMO could play a key role for those who need endotracheal surgery while cannot endure conventional intubation and mechanical ventilation.

Revealing the spatial and temporal changing characteristics and key factors driving the relationship between the supply of and demand for ecosystem services (SDES) is paramount for the effective management of regional ecosystems and the rational allocation of natural resources. This study calculated the supply of ecosystem services (ESS) in Jiangsu Province, China, in 2000, 2010, and 2020, and quantitatively evaluated the ecosystem service demand (ESD) in those years by considering land development intensity, population density, and economic conditions. The ‘coupling coordination degree and relative development degree’ (CDRD) model is introduced to explore the degree of coordination and change in the relationship of supply versus demand of ecosystem services, and then to reveal the impact of various factors on the spatial differentiation characteristics of the SDES. The results show that: 1) the ESS is high in the Taihu Lake Plain, the southwest of Huaihai area and the eastern coastal zone of Jiangsu Province, yet low in the northwest and middle of Huaihai area, and along the Yangtze River Plain. The overall distribution pattern of ESD and the coordinating degree of the SDES is high in the south and north of Jiangsu Province but low in the province’s middle. 2) The degree of coordination for the SDES increased from 0.371 to 0.415, and the relationship between supply and demand changed from one of moderate imbalance to one of basic coordination. The imbalance of supply and demand is mainly concentrated in the Lixiahe area, coastal plain area, and middle of the Huaihe River Basin, for which the predominant type is a moderate imbalance–demand lag. Meanwhile, the analysis of influencing factors shows that there is an obvious synergistic effect between different factors. The results of this research could contribute to sustainable ecosystem management and decision-making for the construction of ecological civilization in Jiangsu Province.

Backgrounds/AimsA history of upper abdominal surgery has been identified as a relative contraindication for laparoscopy. This study aimed to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) in patients with and without previous upper abdominal surgery.MethodsIn total, 131 patients with previous upper abdominal surgery and 64 without upper abdominal surgery underwent LC or LCBDE between September 2017 and September 2021 at the Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University. Patients with previous upper abdominal surgery were divided into four groups: group A included patients with previous right upper abdominal surgery who underwent LC (n = 17), group B included patients with previous other upper abdominal surgery who underwent LC (n = 66), group C included patients with previous right upper abdominal surgery who underwent LCBDE (n = 30), and group D included patients with previous other upper abdominal surgery who underwent LCBDE (n = 18). Patient demographics and perioperative outcomes were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsThe preoperative liver function indexes showed no significant difference between the observation and control groups. For patients who underwent LC, groups A and B had more abdominal adhesions than the control group. One case was converted to open surgery in each of groups A and B. There was no statistical difference in operation time, estimated blood loss, postoperative hospital stay, and drainage volume. For patients who underwent LCBDE, groups C and D had more estimated blood loss than the control group (group C, 41.33 ± 50.84 vs. 18.97 ± 13.12 ml, p = 0.026; group D, 66.11 ± 87.46 vs. 18.97 ± 13.12 ml, p = 0.036). Compared with the control group, group C exhibited longer operative time (173.87 ± 60.91 vs. 138.38 ± 57.38 min, p = 0.025), higher drainage volume (296.83 ± 282.97 vs. 150.83 ± 127.04 ml, p = 0.015), and longer postoperative hospital stay (7.97 ± 3.68 vs. 6.17 ± 1.63 days, p = 0.021). There was no mortality in all groups.ConclusionsLC or LCBDE is a safe and feasible procedure for experienced laparoscopic surgeons to perform on patients with previous upper abdominal surgery.

Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is a key factor that leads to death in elderly patients with sepsis. Therefore, early prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction (GIDF) in elderly patients with sepsis is an important measure to prevent MODS occurrence. This research explores the correlation between intestinal microflora and GIDF in elderly patients with sepsis and provides ideas for the prevention and treatment of GIDF in elderly patients with sepsis. In this study, 152 patients with sepsis (122 patients with sepsis and GIDF) treated in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine from January to September 2019 were selected as the sepsis group and 100 elderly who had normal physical examination results were selected as the control group. The common intestinal microflora of the two groups was compared. Patients with sepsis and GIDF were treated as the GIDF group and the other patients with sepsis were treated as the non-GIDF group. The common intestinal microflora, gastrointestinal indicators, serum inflammatory factors, and immune function indices were compared between the two groups. Correlation analysis of the observed indices with statistical significance was carried out. The results showed 152 patients with sepsis and 122 patients with sepsis and GIDF; thus, the incidence of sepsis with GIDF was 80.26%. The total average score of sepsis with GIDF was 3.61±0.09. There was no statistically significant difference in GIDF scores of patients ages 65–75 and > 75 years old. The number of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in elderly patients with sepsis was lower and the number of Escherichia coli was higher than in the control group. In elderly patients with sepsis, the number of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the GIDF group was lower and the number of E. coli was higher than in the non-GIDF group. White blood cell (WBC) count, procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), gastrin (GAS), and diamine oxidase (DAO) in GIDF patients were higher and motilin (MOT), CIT (CIT), CD4+, and CD8+ were lower than in the non-GIDF group. WBC count, PCT, CRP, TNF-α, GAS, and DAO were negatively correlated with the number of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus but positively correlated with E. coli. MOT, CIT, CD4+, and CD8+ were positively correlated with the number of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus but negatively correlated with E. coli. There was a negative correlation between Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus and GIDF score and a positive correlation between E. coli and GIDF score. Therefore, the change in the intestinal microflora in elderly patients with sepsis is related to GIDF.

Beamforming can provide huge array gains in large-scale antenna systems under the condition that the channel state information (CSI) has been obtained by training signals. During the initial access, no CSI is available at the receiver because the communication link between the transmitter and the receiver has not been established. This paper considers the problem of obtaining the beamforming gain for receivers with the analog beamforming architecture in the initial access, assuming that a fixed beam pattern is employed. We present the necessary and sufficient condition to obtain the receive beamforming gain in the absence of CSI, and then derive the upper bound of the receive beamforming gain for different antenna spacings. It is shown that oversampling in space is needed at the receiver to obtain a non-trivial beamforming gain without CSI, since the total received signal power is proportional to the number of receive antennas. We also design the beamformer that can achieve the upper bound. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed beamformer in the scenarios of downlink synchronization and random access in millimeter-wave systems.

A statistical estimator based on Bayes Estimation theory is developed in this paper to simultaneously reduce capacitor mismatch and noise in a successive approximation register analogue-to-digital converter (SAR-ADC). Once the SAR-ADC has completed its quantization process, the residue voltage is available at the comparator input and can be estimated accurately using the Bayesian estimator. The ADC resolution is improved by subtracting the estimated residue from the digital output. The same technique of residue extraction is then used to estimate mismatches in the capacitive digital-to-analogue converter. A 15 dB improvement is observed in signal-to-noise-plus-distortion ratio by using the statistical estimator for a 10-bit SAR over a wide range of capacitance mismatch and ADC noise.

Background Infection is a common problem and a major cause of morbidity and mortality for patients in intensive care units (ICUs). According to published meta-analyses, oral care has been found to reduce the risk of nosocomial pneumonia, and has been recommended to improve the oral environment for patients in ICUs. However, relatively little information is available about the effects of oral care in patients without ventilatory support in ICUs. Therefore, this review proposes to evaluate the effectiveness of oral care in preventing pneumonia in non-ventilated ICU patients. Methods Eight databases will be searched for relevant literature, including four Chinese and four English online databases, from their inception to the protocol publication date. Records obtained will be managed and screened via Endnote X7. All literature will be selected following pre-established inclusion criteria by two independent review authors to obtain quality trials. The quality of the included records will be evaluated according to the “risk of bias table”, recommended by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. All the data will be extracted by one author and checked by another. If there is any disagreement, a final agreement will be reached with a third reviewer via consultation. If there are missing data, the original authors will be emailed to ask for it. If enough data were collected, the data synthesis will be performed using Review Manager (RevMan5.3). Both a random effect model and a fixed effect model will be undertaken. A Bayesian meta-analysis will also be performed to estimate the magnitude of the heterogeneity variance and comparing it with the distribution using the WinBUGS software. Otherwise, the results will be reported narratively. The sources of heterogeneity will be determined using meta-regression and subgroup analysis if there is significant heterogeneity. A funnel plot will be used to assess publication bias if there are enough records included. The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions will be followed throughout the system evaluation process. Conclusion This review will provide evidence of oral care for intensive care unit patients without mechanical ventilation to prevent nosocomial pneumonia. Trial registration PROSPERO Research registration identifying number: CRD42020146932

Supplementary Information

Supplementary Information

Additional file 6: Fig. S6. Deletion of microglial Bin1 does not impact cell morphology. (A) Following the deletion of Bin from microglia (Cx3cr1CreER-Bin1 cKO), no obvious change in microglial morphology was observed. There didn’t seem to be any effect on LPS administration. (B) Quantification of FracLac hull and circle morphometric analysis of microglia from LPS-injected mice. Microglia in the primary somatosensory cortex (SSp) of Cx3cr1CreER-Bin1 cKO mice had larger span ratios than Cx3cr1CreER control mice. *, p

Additional file 4: Fig. S4. Transcript cluster analysis of in vitro dataset demonstrates the extent of transcriptional dysregulation by Bin1 KD in primary cultured microglia. (A) Volcano plot of transcript expression following LPS exposure identifies several AD- and DAM-related genes affected by this endotoxin. The color scheme depicted is based on microglial gene co-expression module assignment, as described in Rangaraju et al. [21]. (B) Volcano plot illustrating genes regulated by BIN1 following LPS exposure highlights several inflammatory genes dysregulated by Bin1 siRNA. (C-F) Gene ontology expression analysis identified important cellular functions affected by misexpressed gene clusters.

Additional file 9: Fig. S9. Generation of BV2 KO microglia lacking BIN1 expression by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. (A) Lentiviral constructs expressing a sgRNA targeting a region within the Bin1 invariant exon 3 (KO) or a non-target sgRNA were used to generate stably transduced pools of BV2 KO and control (WT) cells. Two independent pools of WT and KO were further characterized. Sequencing (using a reverse primer) across the target sequence of the two KO pools as well as the sequences of individual cloned inserts from the PCR products are aligned to Bin1 exon 3 sequence. Numbering is based on the RefSeq NM_009668.2. (B) WT control and Bin1 KO pools retain similar morphology. (C) Immunoblot analysis demonstrates that stable Bin1 KO BV2 pools do not express BIN1 protein under basal conditions or following LPS stimulation.

Additional file 7: Fig. S7. Summary of in vivo transcriptional changes and cytokine production. (A-B) Genes which are positively (A) and negatively (B) regulated by BIN1 (i.e., decrease and increase respectively with Bin1 knockout) are summarised from the in vivo NanoString dataset by raw transcript counts (top panel) and normalized expression (relative to Bin1fl/fl as the WT equivalent; bottom panel). (C) Summary of cytokine expression in brain lysates (measured by Luminex). Data plotted as mean ± SEM.

Optical reconstructed results on outdoor urban scenes

Supplementary Material 1

Additional file 5: Fig. S5. Flow cytometry gating strategy for mouse brain-isolated microglia, weight, and temperature analysis during LPS injections. (A) Cells isolated from mouse brains were gated by scatter (single mononuclear cells) and fluorescence (CD11b+CD45int) to sort microglial populations. (B-C) LPS-injected mice lost significant weight during injections. Reduced Cx3cr1 expression (in Cx3cr1CreER) augmented the LPS-induced weight-loss recorded in control (Bin1fl/fl) animals, which was attenuated by the additional deletion of microglial Bin1 (Cx3cr1CreER-Bin1 cKO). (D-E) LPS had no effect on body temperature before or after injection. (F) Immunofluorescence staining of Bin1fl/fl mouse brains suggests that peripheral LPS injections did not affect the microglial expression or localization of BIN1. (G) NanoString analysis of mRNA transcripts found no change in Bin1 expression following LPS injections. (H) Relative levels of Bin1 iso10 mRNA transcripts quantified from FACS-isolated microglia, following saline or LPS injections.

Additional file 8: Fig. S8. Whole-brain qRT-PCR analysis of selected homeostatic- and DAM-related genes, and master myeloid-regulating transcription factor. Raw dataset for the analysis summarised in Fig. 8A. Transcript levels of genes encoding homeostatic proteins (P2ry12, Tmem119), DAM proteins (Itgax, Cst7, Cd68, Trem2, Spp1), and transcription factor (Sfpi1) were analysed by qRT-PCR. With the exception of the DAM-related gene Spp1, all were upregulated following LPS stimulation in a BIN1-dependent manner. *, p

Additional file 2: Fig. S2. Exon 11 splicing in microglia. (A) RT-PCR across exon 11 found no inclusion of exon 11 in FACS-isolated microglia from mouse brain, with no change in splicing following LPS injections (left). iMG cells differentiated from human iPSCs showed negligible inclusion of exon 11 (right). Some low-level inclusion of exon 11 is evident in the grey matter sample of human post-mortem brain tissue. (B) Schematic of BIN1 exons and primer locations for RT-PCR amplification across exon 7, exon 11, and the CLAP domain / exon 17. The strategy used to discern alternate splicing of exons 13-17 is indicated. The four mouse microglial Bin1 isoforms identified in this study are depicted at the bottom. BAR, the BIN-amphiphysin/Rvs domain; PI, the phosphoinositide binding motif (encoded by the muscle-specific exon 11), CLAP, the clathrin and AP2 binding domain, SH3, the Src homology 3 domain.

Additional file 3: Fig. S3. Bin1 siRNA treatment of primary microglia dysregulates DAM gene transcripts without affecting cell viability. CD11b + enriched primary mouse microglia (p0-3) were cultured for 48 h in the presence of either sham siRNA or Bin1 siRNA (equimolar concentrations). (A) Cell viability within the CD45+ microglia population was assessed by flow cytometry (Live/Dead Fixable Blue viability dye). N = 3 independent experiments were performed per condition. (B) Bin1 transcript levels (NanoString) increase following LPS stimulation of cultured microglia. (C) Volcano plot showing key genes differentially expressed following Bin1 KD. (D) Transcript expression of key AD-related microglial genes are dysregulated following the loss of Bin1 expression, an effect augmented by LPS-induced inflammatory signaling.

Previous studies have shown that poisoning is a major threat to human health. Inhalation of acute toxic gas has been linked to serious health consequences. Among the antidotes for poisoning currently used, supportive care is the most common intervention in clinical practice. Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and/or refractory cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest caused by toxins are associated with high mortality and are difficult to treat. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an aggressive supportive measure used to manage severely poisoned patients. This study presents two cases of acute toxic gases inhalation, severe ARDS and circulatory instability induced by bromine inhalation, and ARDS induced by nitric acid inhalation which were successfully treated with ECMO. The ECMO techniques used in the animal models and in human cases to treat severe poisoning are described as well as the indications, contraindications, complications, and weaning of ECMO.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) affect plant metabolism in different ways and help plants resist stress. In this study, AMF were added into substrate to cultivate mycorrhizal seedlings o...

Malachite is depressed during sulfidization flotation when excess sodium sulfide is added to it. Thus, this study investigated the role and mechanism of ammonium sulfate as a sulfidization promoter for eliminating the depression of excess S2− via micro-flotation experiments, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Micro-flotation experiments revealed that malachite changed from a non-floating state to an easily floating state by (NH4)2SO4 addition prior to sulfidization with xanthate as the collector. The solution chemical reactions involving (NH4)2SO4 are the key to re-floating malachite. The surface properties of malachite were changed by (NH4)2SO4, and these changes enhanced its flotation behavior. However, (NH4)2SO4 was not adsorbed onto the malachite surface in any form, as confirmed by the XPS analysis. (NH4)2SO4 has a dissolution on the malachite surface, causing lattice imperfections, which, in turn, provided the conditions necessary for subsequent adsorption of Cu(NH3)n2+, S2− (SH−), and Cu2+ on the malachite surface. Consequently, a layer or multilayer copper sulfide hydrophobic film formed on the malachite surface. Even the low-activity cylindrical surface of malachite was also covered with a stable copper sulfide film, resulting in improved malachite flotation in the presence of excess Na2S.

A EuIII-containing single molecule BCR-Eu as design platform for ratio-metric fluorescent sensor which includes a blue-emitting coumarin dye, a green-emitting BODIPY fluorophore and a EuIII moiety as the origin of red light has been designed and synthesized. The compound BCR shows only green emission with large stoke shift when excited in 400 nm due to good fluorescence resonance energy transfer from coumarin to BODIPY. After embedding EuIII complexes in the molecule, BCR-Eu exhibits dual emission which is equal in magnitude and independent of each other, when excited at the range of 305–365 nm. An emission from Lanthanide complexes as the stable built-in standard fluorescence peak offers a promising opportunity to enhance the precision of bioimaging and also an ideal design platform for future ratio-metric fluorescent sensor.

An optimization method of conformal array pattern synthesis based on the aperture field inversion is proposed in this paper. The planar near-field data is inverted to the aperture field plane and the low side-lobe pattern is obtained by compensating the amplitude and phase of elements. The optimization of conformal array is transformed into the optimization of planar array by means of the method which avoids the tedious solving progress caused by cross polarization and non-coplanar phase center. The method is used to synthesize the radiation performance of the conformal antenna with the shape of an aircraft fuselage. The results show that the method is feasible and greatly improves the optimization efficiency of conformal array pattern synthesis.

Additional file2: Table S1. Subgroup analysis of adverse events.

Additional file 6. Supplement.

Additional file 1: Figure 1.

Additional file 3: Figure 3.

Additional file 7. Supplement.

Neural network pruning has attracted enormous attention since it offers a promising prospect to facilitate the deployment of deep neural networks on resource-limited devices. However, the core of most existing methods lies in the criteria of selection of filters which were pre-defined by researchers. With the advancement of network pruning research, the criteria are becoming increasingly complex. In this paper, we propose a brain-inspired filter pruning algorithm for deep neural networks, which requires no selection criteria. Inspired by the reorganization of brain function in humans when irreversible damage occurs, we treat the weight to be pruning as damaged neurons, and complete the reorganization of the network function in the novel training process proposed in this paper. After pruning, the kept parameters can take over the function of those that have been pruned. The pruning method is widely applicable to common architectures and does not require any artificially designed filter importance measurement functions. As the first attempt on weight-importance irrelevant pruning, BFRIFP provides novel insight into the network pruning problem. Experiments on CIFAR-10 and ImageNet demonstrate the effectiveness of our new perspective of network pruning compared to traditional network pruning algorithms.

Additional file 2: Figure 2.

Additional file 4. Supplement.

Background Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) is frequently related to ischemic nephropathy, secondary hypertension, and end-stage renal failure. Thus, this study aimed to explore whether certain circulating long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may be used as potential specific ARAS biomarkers. Methods In the present study, a microarray analysis was performed to screen for lncRNAs in renal artery tissue from four ARAS patients and four non-ARAS individuals. To identify specific lncRNAs as candidate potential biomarkers of ARAS, we used the following criteria: the fold change was set to >3.0 (compared with non-ARAS tissues), and p value cutoff was set at .05. According to these criteria, six lncRNAs were identified from 1150 lncRNAs. After validation by quantitative PCR (qPCR), these lncRNAs were independently validated in blood from groups of 18 ARAS patients, 18 non-ARAS individuals, and 18 healthy volunteers, furthermore, the predictive value of lncRNA PR11-387H17.6 was further assessed using blood from groups of 99 ARAS patients, 49 non-ARAS individuals, and 50 healthy volunteers. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess the performance of these lncRNAs as biomarkers. Results In the ROC analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) of PR11-387H17.6 was 0.733, with 52.5% sensitivity and 84.8% specificity in predicting the occurrence of ARAS. After considering the risk factors, the AUC of PR11-387H17.6 was 0.844, and the optimal sensitivity increased from 52.5% to 74.5%, although the specificity decreased from 84.8% to 81.9%. In the multivariable logistic analysis, PR11-387H17.6 was an independent predictor of major adverse events (OR: 3.039; 95% CI: 1.388–6.654; p= .006). Conclusions PR11-387H17.6 is a potential diagnostic biomarker of ARAS. The lncRNA levels in blood cells are regulated in ARAS. Thus, further investigations of the role of lncRNAs in ARAS are warranted.

Additional file 5. Supplement.

Quercus mongolica (Fagaceae) is an important ecological and economic tree species in East Asia. It has excellent biological characteristics, such as hardwood, strong resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The availability of a high-quality genome will help to further reveal the underlying mechanisms. Here we assemble the first chromosome-level reference genome of Q. mongolica. The final assembled genome was 809.84 Mb with contig and scaffold N50s of 2.64 Mb and 66.74 Mb, respectively. Hi-C scaffolding anchored twelve pseudochromosomes, accounting for 95.65% of the assembled genome. Moreover, 68.5% and 5.4% of the genomic sequence were transposon elements and tandem repeat elements, respectively. A total of 36,553 protein‐coding genes were predicted, of which 94.89% were functionally annotated. Comparative genomics analysis indicated that Q. mongolica was more closely related to Q. robur than to either Q. lobata or Q. suber. Q. mongolica and Q. robur diverged ~10.2 Mya. Q. mongolica had undergone two whole-genome duplications which occurred earlier than Q. robur. We identified multiple genes in 38 positive selection genes, including pyridoxal reductase 1 (PLR1) and switch subunit 3 (SWI3B). In addition, we identified 496 genes related to wood formation, 88 WRKY genes, and 124 NAC genes in Q. mongolica. This genomic information will be an important molecular resource for further exploring the biological characteristics and adaptive evolution of Q. mongolica. Meanwhile, the genomic resource from Asian oak will also contribute to the study of the taxonomy, evolution and conservation of Quercus species.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a fatal vascular disease with insidious symptoms. However, the mechanism behind its development remains unclear. The transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) family has crucial protective effects against cardiovascular diseases, but the role of TRPV5 in AAA has yet to be reported. In this study, ApoE−/− mice were intraperitoneally injected with AAV-GFP or AAV-TRPV5. After 30 days, mice were further administered with angiotensin II (Ang II, 1.44 mg/kg/day) by using osmotic pumps to induce the AAA model or Saline for 28 days, (i.e., Saline + AAV-GFP, Saline + AAV-TRPV5, Ang II + AAV-GFP and Ang II + AAV-TRPV5 groups were established). Compared with the control group, the incidence of AAA and the maximal diameter of the abdominal aorta markedly decreased in Ang II + AAV-TRPV5, which was detected by vascular ultrasound at 28 day. Meanwhile, less collagen and elastin degradation were observed in the Ang II + AAV-TRPV5 group by using Masson and Elastin stains. Moreover, more α-SMA and less MMP2 was observed in the abdominal aortas collected at 28 day by immunohistochemistry. In vitro, primary mouse vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were treated with Ang II (1 μM) to induce phenotype switch. Sh-TRPV5 and AdTRPV5 were used to transfect VSMCs. PCR and Western blotting were used to access the expression of contractile marker, including α-SMA and SM-22α. The results showed that the mRNA and protein level of α-SMA and SM-22α were decreased under the stimulation of Ang II, but could be attenuated by TRPV5 overexpression. The cell scratch assay demonstrated that the migration ability of VSMCs was increased in Ang II treated group and could be ameliorated by TRPV5 overexpression. Above all, VSMCs transformed from the contractile into secretory phenotype under Ang II stimuli, but could be rescued by TRPV5 overexpression. Furthermore, TRPV5 overexpression suppressed the increased expression of KLF4 induced by Ang II treatment in VSMCs. The data demonstrated that TRPV5 could inhibit AAA formation and play a critical role in the VSMC phenotype switch by downregulating KLF4, suggesting TRPV5 as a new strategy for treating AAA.

Objective: This study aimed to clarify the novel role of homeostatic calmodulin S100B and determined whether S100B genetic variants affected atherosclerosis progression in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients.Methods: Plasma levels of S100B were measured systemically in AMI patients, stable angina pectoris patients, and control subjects. S100B was obtained from the human coronary artery thrombi using a thrombectomy catheter and quantified via immunohistochemical analysis, qRT-PCR and Western blot analyse. We also screened for S100B variations (rs9722, rs9984765, rs2839356, rs1051169, and rs2186358) via direct sequencing, and investigated the relationship between these variants and AMI patients in the Chinese Han population.Results: Plasma S100B levels increased significantly in AMI patients compared to the levels in stable angina pectoris patients and control subjects (119.45 ± 62.46, 161.96 ± 73.30, and 312.91 ± 127.59 pg/ml, respectively). Immunohistochemical staining results showed that S100B expression was increased in the neutrophils of coronary artery thrombi obtained from AMI patients, as compared to that in normal blood clot, and S100B expression was significantly increased in fresh thrombi tissues, as compared to that in organized thrombi tissues. Western blot and qRT-PCR analysis showed that S100B expression increased in coronary artery thrombi, as compared to that in normal blood clots. After pre-treating the neutrophils with siRAGE, the neutrophils migration induced by S100B were abolished through the NFκB-IL1β/IL6 signaling pathway. Compared to their corresponding wild-type genotypes, the S100B rs9722 variant was associated with increased susceptibility to AMI (OR = 1.35, 95%CI: 1.12–1.65, P = 0.02). Individuals with the S100B 9722 A allele had higher plasma S100B levels than those with the G allele in control subjects and AMI patients (141.70 ± 76.69 vs. 107.31 ± 56.05 and 347.13 ± 148.94 vs. 273.05 ± 133.62, respectively).Conclusions: Levels of neutrophil-derived S100B, a novel homeostatic calmodulin, were elevated in the early stages of myocardial infarction. The S100B rs9722 allele was independently associated with AMI patients in the Han Chinese population.

Aerosol absorption Angstrom exponent (AAE) is a crucial optical parameter for their apportionment and characterization. Due to considerable inconsistences associated with observations, a numerical research is a powerful means to give better understanding of the AAE of aged BC aerosols. Numerical studies of the AAE of polydisperse BC aggregates with brown coatings using the exact multiple-sphere T-matrix method (MSTM) are performed. The objective of the study is to thoroughly assess the AAE of coated BC influenced by their observation-based detailed microphysics and then provide a new AAE parameterization for application. At odds with our expectations, BC coated by thin brown carbon with more large particles can have an AAE smaller than 1.0, indicating that BC aerosols internally mixing with brown carbon can even show lower AAE than pure BC particles. The AAE of BC with brown coatings is highly sensitive to absorbing volume fraction of coating, coated volume fraction of BC, shell / core ratio, and particle size distribution with a wide variation, whereas the impacts of BC geometry and BC position within coating are trivial. The AAE of BC with brown coatings can be larger than 3.0, if there are more small coated BC particles, heavy coating, or more brown carbon. However, the AAE of BC with non-absorbing coating shows weakly sensitive to particle microphysics with values around 1.0 (i.e., 0.7–1.4), suggesting the substantial role of absorbing volume fraction of coating in the AAE determination. With more realistic BC geometries, our study also indicates that occurrence of brown carbon may be made confidently unless AAE > 1.4. In addition, we present a parameterization of the AAE of coated BC with a size distribution on the basis of numerical results, which can act as a guide for the AAE response to absorbing volume fraction of coating, coated volume fraction of BC, and shell / core ratio. Our findings can improve the understanding and application of the AAE of BC with brown coatings.

Most of the preparation procedures for super-hydrophobic materials are complicated, and the durabilities are poor. In this paper, a low-fluorinated epoxy polymer poly(glycidyl methacrylate-random-trifluoroethyl methacrylate) (P(GMA-r-TFEMA)) was prepared by conventional radical polymerization method, and hybridized with amino-modified nano-SiO2 particles. This solution was used to construct super-hydrophobic surface on cotton cloth. The optimum construction conditions were investigated by changing the P(GMA-r-TFEMA) concentration, the immersion time, and the drying time. The performance were characterized by static contact angle (CA). The water contact angle is up to 153o ± 3o, rolling angle is low to 35o ± 3o, and resistance of anti-abrasion, acid and alkali are high.